CN104256308A - 高原谷物面粉及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/198—Dry unshaped finely divided cereal products, not provided for in groups A23L7/117 - A23L7/196 and A23L29/00, e.g. meal, flour, powder, dried cereal creams or extracts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种高原谷物面粉及其制备方法,属于食品加工技术领域。高原谷物面粉由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:青稞粉2~10%、莜麦粉3~15%、荞麦粉2~10%,余量为小麦粉;优选的,青稞粉2%、莜麦粉3%、荞麦粉2%。高原谷物面粉的制备方法为:将青稞、莜麦、荞麦分别在100~130℃下炒制,再在140~160℃下烘烤,粉碎成粉;按照质量百分含量将青稞粉、莜麦粉、荞麦粉加入小麦粉中,混匀即得。本发明中高原谷物面粉营养均衡、风味独特,膳食纤维等营养素含量明显优于普通小麦粉,具有较强的保健功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高原谷物面粉,以及该面粉的制备方法,属于食品加工技术领域。
背景技术
我国素有“杂粮王国”的美称,盛产玉米、荞麦、燕麦、小米等杂粮。杂粮含有丰富的营养成分,以及特殊的营养保健作用,越来越受到人们的青睐。杂粮虽可直接食用,但往往口感粗糙,色泽不吸引人,味道欠佳,难以被广大消费者接受,大部分杂粮作为畜禽饲料供给动物,浪费现象非常严重。如果将杂粮通过现代食品加工技术制成粉,将其与小麦粉科学合理搭配,开发出全谷物杂粮预配专用粉,这将大大提高杂粮的利用率,扩大其应用范围。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高原谷物面粉。
同时,本发明还提供一种高原谷物面粉的制备方法。
为了实现以上目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种高原谷物面粉,由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:青稞粉2~10%、莜麦粉3~15%、荞麦粉2~10%,余量为小麦粉。
优选的,高原谷物面粉,由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:青稞粉2~6%、莜麦粉3~9%、荞麦粉2~6%,余量为小麦粉。
更有选的,高原谷物面粉,由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:青稞粉2%、莜麦粉3%、荞麦粉2%,余量为小麦粉。
一种高原谷物面粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将青稞、莜麦、荞麦分别在100~130℃下炒制,再在140~160℃下烘烤,粉碎成粉;
(2)按照质量百分含量将青稞粉、莜麦粉、荞麦粉加入小麦粉中,混匀即得。
所述步骤(1)中青稞(产地西藏)、莜麦(内蒙古)、荞麦(内蒙古)的发芽率均达到80%以上。取青稞、莜麦、荞麦进行炒制、烘烤的目的是使高原谷物产生特殊的风味,使产品(如馒头)具备特殊的香气和口感。
所述步骤(1)中炒制的温度优选为120℃,烘烤的温度优选150℃。
所述步骤(2)中混匀操作采用连续混合工艺,即先将三种微粉按照质量百分含量进行预混后,再添加到小麦粉中混合均匀。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明以青稞粉、莜麦粉、荞麦粉、小麦粉为原料配制高原谷物面粉,营养均衡、风味独特,膳食纤维等营养素含量明显优于普通小麦粉,具有较强的保健功效。其中青稞具有“三高两低”即高蛋白质、高纤维、高维生素和低脂肪、低糖的特点,还含有油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、d-α-生育三烯酚及卵磷脂、脑磷脂等,烟酸含量高于玉米1.7倍,可溶性纤维和总纤维含量均高于其他谷物;莜麦富含蛋白质、脂肪等营养成分,氨基酸种类齐全(富含人体必须的8种氨基酸),脂肪酸主要为油酸、α-亚麻二烯酸等对人体有利的不饱和脂肪酸,以及可溶性膳食纤维、矿物质、维生素等,具有降血脂、控制血糖、改善便秘等保健功能;荞麦蛋白质中含有丰富的赖氨酸成分,铁、锰、锌等微量元素比一般谷物丰富,同时含有维生素E、可溶性膳食纤维、烟酸和芦丁(芸香甙)等,能促进机体新陈代谢,具有降低血脂和胆固醇、软化血管等营养保健作用。
本发明采用“差温分步法”对青稞、莜麦、荞麦三种高寒谷物进行热处理,先炒制再烘烤,通过复配、连续混合工艺配粉,工艺简单,且能使制作的产品(如馒头等)具有特殊的香气和口感。
附图说明
图1为本发明试验例中高原谷物馒头形态图;
图2为试验例中高原谷物馒头TPA测试对比图。
具体实施方式
下述实施例仅对本发明作进一步详细说明,但不构成对本发明的任何限制。
实施例1
本实施例中高原谷物面粉,由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:青稞粉2%、莜麦粉3%、荞麦粉2%,余量为小麦粉。
本实施例中高原谷物面粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将青稞(产地西藏)、莜麦(内蒙古)、荞麦(内蒙古)分别在120℃下炒制,再在150℃烘烤,粉碎成细粉;
(2)按照质量百分含量取青稞粉、莜麦粉、荞麦粉和小麦粉,先将青稞粉、莜麦粉与荞麦粉混匀,再加入小麦粉中,继续混匀即得。
实施例2
本实施例中高原谷物面粉,由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:青稞粉4%、莜麦粉15%、荞麦粉8%,余量为小麦粉。
本实施例中高原谷物面粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将青稞(产地西藏)、莜麦(内蒙古)、荞麦(内蒙古)分别在100℃下炒制,再在140℃烘烤,粉碎成细粉;
(2)按照质量百分含量取青稞粉、莜麦粉、荞麦粉和小麦粉,先将青稞粉、莜麦粉与荞麦粉混匀,再加入小麦粉中,继续混匀即得。
实施例3
本实施例中高原谷物面粉,由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:青稞粉6%、莜麦粉6%、荞麦粉10%,余量为小麦粉。
本实施例中高原谷物面粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将青稞(产地西藏)、莜麦(内蒙古)、荞麦(内蒙古)分别在130℃下炒制,再在150℃烘烤,粉碎成细粉;
(2)按照质量百分含量取青稞粉、莜麦粉、荞麦粉和小麦粉,先将青稞粉、莜麦粉与荞麦粉混匀,再加入小麦粉中,继续混匀即得。
实施例4
本实施例中高原谷物面粉,由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:青稞粉8%、莜麦粉9%、荞麦粉6%,余量为小麦粉。
本实施例中高原谷物面粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将青稞(产地西藏)、莜麦(内蒙古)、荞麦(内蒙古)分别在120℃下炒制,再在160℃烘烤,粉碎成细粉;
(2)按照质量百分含量取青稞粉、莜麦粉、荞麦粉和小麦粉,先将青稞粉、莜麦粉与荞麦粉混匀,再加入小麦粉中,继续混匀即得。
实施例5
本实施例中高原谷物面粉,由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:青稞粉10%、莜麦粉12%、荞麦粉4%,余量为小麦粉。
本实施例中高原谷物面粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将青稞(产地西藏)、莜麦(内蒙古)、荞麦(内蒙古)分别在120℃下炒制,再在160℃烘烤,粉碎成细粉;
(2)按照质量百分含量取青稞粉、莜麦粉、荞麦粉和小麦粉,先将青稞粉、莜麦粉与荞麦粉混匀,再加入小麦粉中,继续混匀即得。
实施例6
本实施例中高原谷物面粉,由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:青稞粉6%、莜麦粉9%、荞麦粉6%,余量为小麦粉。
本实施例中高原谷物面粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将青稞(产地西藏)、莜麦(内蒙古)、荞麦(内蒙古)分别在110℃下炒制,再在150℃烘烤,粉碎成细粉;
(2)按照质量百分含量取青稞粉、莜麦粉、荞麦粉和小麦粉,先将青稞粉、莜麦粉与荞麦粉混匀,再加入小麦粉中,继续混匀即得。
实施例7
本实施例中高原谷物面粉,由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:青稞粉4%、莜麦粉6%、荞麦粉4%,余量为小麦粉。
本实施例中高原谷物面粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将青稞(产地西藏)、莜麦(内蒙古)、荞麦(内蒙古)分别在130℃下炒制,再在140℃烘烤,粉碎成细粉;
(2)按照质量百分含量取青稞粉、莜麦粉、荞麦粉和小麦粉,先将青稞粉、莜麦粉与荞麦粉混匀,再加入小麦粉中,继续混匀即得。
试验例
试验方法:采用青稞、莜麦、荞麦为原料,通过单因素试验,将配好的粉进行馒头蒸制试验,通过检测馒头的指标,确定各原料合适的添加量,再进行正交试验设计,确定最佳比例组合。
1.单因素试验
青稞、莜麦、荞麦分别在一定温度条件下进行炒制(120℃)、烘烤(150℃),微粉碎备用;青稞粉按2%、4%、6%、8%、10%的比例添加到小麦粉中,连续搅拌,混合均匀;莜麦粉按3%、6%、9%、12%、15%的比例添加到小麦粉中,连续搅拌,混合均匀;荞麦粉按2%、4%、6%、8%、10%的比例添加到小麦粉中,连续搅拌,混合均匀;分别制作馒头,根据馒头感官评价分值确定三种单因素的最优添加量范围。
2.正交试验设计
根据单因素试验结果,选择三个不同水平,进行正交试验设计,将配好的粉进行馒头蒸制试验,通过检测馒头的指标,确定最佳的试验组合。正交试验设计见下表1。
表1 三因素三水平表
馒头制作及评价方法:
1.馒头制作方法如下:
称取200g杂粮预配粉,加入含有1g干酵母的温水(38℃)约96mL,用和面机混合成面团后,手工揉3min,做成馒头形状,于45℃恒温箱中醒发1h,取出放入已煮沸并垫有纱布的铝蒸锅屉上蒸20min(冒气起计时)。取出,盖上干纱布冷却40~60min。
2.馒头评价方法
1)馒头检测指标见下表2。
表2 馒头检测指标
2)馒头比容测定方法
蒸制好的馒头冷却1h后,取1个馒头称量,精确到0.1g,用馒头体积测量仪(菜籽置换法)测量馒头体积,精确到5mL,计算比容。
3)馒头感官评价及评分标准
将测量后的馒头切成数块,品尝小组同4~5人经训练并有经验的人员组成,按下表3内容逐项品尝打分。以馒头的表观形态,内部结构,风味和总评分为评价指标,进行评分,确定最佳的配比。
表3 馒头评分标准
4)馒头质构特性测定
杂粮馒头蒸出后,用湿纱布盖上,冷却30min后,用特制的切刀延中心线切15mm的薄片,用质构仪进行TPA测试。
质构仪参数设定:探头:压盘式探头,操作类型:TPA操作,触发力:5g,数据采集率:200pps,测前速度:1.0mm/s,测中速度:1.0mm/s,侧后速度:2.0mm/s,保持时间:5s,测试距离:50%。
试验结果:
1.单因素试验
结果表明,当青稞粉、莜麦粉、荞麦粉依次按照2~6%、3~9%、2~6%的比例添加到小麦粉中时,制作馒头的感官评价分值较高。
2.正交试验
表4 高原谷物馒头感官评分值表
从图1及表4可以看出,1号试验所蒸馒头的色泽、外观结构、弹韧性等感官评价值均优于其他馒头。
表5 高原谷物面粉的正交试验结果
正交试验结果显示,1号试验所蒸馒头的感官分值最高,极差分析也表明,最佳组合为A1B1C1,即青稞添加量为2%、莜麦添加量为3%、荞麦添加量为2%时,高原谷物面粉制作的馒头感官评价最优。
表6 高原谷物馒头质构结果
从表6及图2可以看出,添加2%青稞粉、3%莜麦粉和2%荞麦粉后,馒头的耐咀性明显增大,硬度、弹性和胶粘性也有一定程度的提高,说明添加杂粮粉后,面团的粉质及拉伸性能得到明显改善,馒头的硬度增大,口感更佳,更耐嚼。
Claims (7)
1.一种高原谷物面粉,其特征在于:由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:青稞粉2~10%、莜麦粉3~15%、荞麦粉2~10%,余量为小麦粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高原谷物面粉,其特征在于:由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:青稞粉2~6%、莜麦粉3~9%、荞麦粉2~6%,余量为小麦粉。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高原谷物面粉,其特征在于:由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:青稞粉2%、莜麦粉3%、荞麦粉2%,余量为小麦粉。
4.一种如权利要求1~3任一项所述的高原谷物面粉的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)将青稞、莜麦、荞麦分别在100~130℃下炒制,再在140~160℃下烘烤,粉碎成粉;
(2)按照质量百分含量将青稞粉、莜麦粉、荞麦粉加入小麦粉中,混匀即得。
5.根据权利要求4所述的高原谷物面粉的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中青稞、莜麦、荞麦的发芽率均达到80%以上。
6.根据权利要求4所述的高原谷物面粉的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中炒制温度为120℃,烘烤温度为150℃。
7.根据权利要求4所述的高原谷物面粉的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中混匀操作采用连续混合工艺,即先将三种微粉按照质量百分含量进行预混后,再添加到小麦粉中混合均匀。
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