CN104244734A - 作为食品加香化合物的n-酰化1-氨基环烷基羧酸 - Google Patents
作为食品加香化合物的n-酰化1-氨基环烷基羧酸 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A23L19/10—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops
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- A23L19/18—Roasted or fried products, e.g. snacks or chips
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A23L19/20—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof by pickling, e.g. sauerkraut or pickles
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- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/50—Soya sauce
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/60—Salad dressings; Mayonnaise; Ketchup
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/161—Puffed cereals, e.g. popcorn or puffed rice
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
- C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C233/45—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups
- C07C233/46—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C233/47—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to a hydrogen atom or to a carbon atom of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
- C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C233/45—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups
- C07C233/46—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C233/49—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to a carbon atom of an acyclic unsaturated carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
- C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C233/45—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups
- C07C233/52—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12C—BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
- C12C5/00—Other raw materials for the preparation of beer
- C12C5/02—Additives for beer
- C12C5/026—Beer flavouring preparations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12G—WINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
- C12G3/00—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages
- C12G3/04—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages by mixing, e.g. for preparation of liqueurs
- C12G3/06—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages by mixing, e.g. for preparation of liqueurs with flavouring ingredients
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2200/00—Function of food ingredients
- A23V2200/16—Taste affecting agent
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2250/00—Food ingredients
- A23V2250/02—Acid
- A23V2250/06—Amino acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/02—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a three-membered ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12G—WINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
- C12G2200/00—Special features
- C12G2200/21—Wine additives, e.g. flavouring or colouring agents
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Seasonings (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
- Seeds, Soups, And Other Foods (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
- Soy Sauces And Products Related Thereto (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
下式表示的化合物及其可食用盐和包含它们的可食用组合物,其中R1是包含6-20个碳原子的烷基残基或包含9-25个碳原子与1-6个双键的烯残基,使得R1与其所连接的羰基一起为羧酸残基,且连接羰基碳原子的氨基酸残基是1-氨基环烷基羧酸(ACCA)的残基,且n是1、2、3或4。
Description
本发明涉及一些羧酸-氨基酸缀合物、包含所述缀合物的香味组合物及其在可食用组合物中的用途。
本发明涉及一些羧酸-氨基酸缀合物、包含所述缀合物的香味组合物及其在可食用组合物中的用途。
本领域中已知许多对食品发挥其自身极为显著的香味特征的香味成分。这种成分在适当领域中具有巨大价值,特别是食品种类的类型,但是在应用于其他食品种类时,它们可能不协调乃至令人不愉快。
对于提供起补充或强化所掺入的可食用组合物的味道和口感特征的作用的广谱香味成分存在需求。
申请人目前已经发现一组可以用作香味成分的化合物,其补充或强化掺入广泛香料用品种类的可食用组合物的味道和口感特征。
本发明在第一个方面中提供了下式表示的化合物,
其可食用盐及其在可食用组合物中的用途,
其中
R1是包含6-20个碳原子的烷基残基或包含9-25个碳原子与1-6个双键的烯残基,使得R1与其所连接的羰基一起为羧酸残基,且连接羰基碳原子的氨基酸残基是1-氨基环烷基羧酸(ACCA)的残基,且
n是1、2、3或4。
可食用盐包括典型地应用于食品和饮料工业的那些且包括氯化物、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、葡糖酸盐、钠、柠檬酸盐、碳酸盐、乙酸盐和乳酸盐。
优选的化合物是这样一些化合物,其中“n”是1。
上式中公开的氨基酸可以缩写为“ACCA”。
羧酸同样可以用缩写形式表示。羧酸残基一般可以表示为缩写Cn,其中“n”表示残基中的碳原子数。例如,18个碳的酸的残基可以缩写为C18。此外,如果18个碳的酸是饱和的,例如是硬脂酸,则可以缩写为C18:0(因为它包含0个双键),而具有1个双键的18个碳的酸—例如油酸—则可以缩写为C18:1。此外,如果C18酸具有顺式构型的双键,则它可以缩写为C18:1c。类似地,如果双键为反式构型,则缩写变成C18:1t。
在本发明的一个具体的实施方案中,羧酸残基是脂肪酸残基。
脂肪酸残基可以是C8-C22脂肪酸的残基,脂肪酸可以是哺乳动物或非哺乳动物的脂肪酸。哺乳动物脂肪酸是天然或合成脂肪酸,其在结构上与一种在哺乳动物中产生的脂肪酸相同,包括、但不限于肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、二十碳三烯酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentenoic acid)和二十二碳四烯酸。非哺乳动物脂肪酸是通常不由哺乳动物产生的天然或合成脂肪酸,包括、但不限于十五烷酸;十七烷酸;十九烷酸;二十一烷酸;9-反式-十四烯酸;10-反式-十五烯酸;9-反式-十六烯酸;10-反式-十七烯酸;10-反式-十七烯酸;7-反式-十九烯酸;10,13-十九碳二烯酸;11-反式-二十烯酸;和12-反式二十一烯酸。
脂肪酸残基可以是饱和的或不饱和的。如果它们是不饱和的,则优选它们具有1、2或3个双键,可以为顺式-或反式-构型。
更具体地,优选的脂肪酸残基是C16-C18且可以是饱和的或不饱和的。
然而,本领域技术人员可以理解,这些脂肪酸例如杏仁油、鳄梨油、蓖麻油、椰子油、玉米油、棉籽油、橄榄油、花生油、米糠油、红花油、芝麻油、大豆油、向日葵油、棕榈油和低芥酸菜籽油的天然来源各自由脂肪酸的复杂混合物组成。例如,红花油主要是C18:2亚油酸的来源,但是它可以包含其他脂肪酸,例如亚麻酸(C18:3)和棕榈酸(C16:0)等。因此,本文涉及包含特定脂肪酸残基、例如C18脂肪酸残基的化合物,可以涉及纯的或基本上纯的C18脂肪酸残基或可以涉及具有为C18残基作为主要残基的脂肪酸残基的混合物。优选的脂肪酸残基是C16-C18。
随即式(I)的化合物也可以用这种缩写形式表示。例如,由C18羧酸残基和1-氨基环烷基羧酸残基组成的式(I)的化合物可以用缩写C18-ACCA表示。为简化起见,下文的式(I)的化合物可以用这种缩写表示。
正如才上式(I)中显而易见的,氨基酸残基上的氨基氮原子键合羧酸残基的羰基碳原子,以形成酰胺键。因此,C18-ACCA表示式(I)的化合物,其中1-氨基环烷基羧酸的残基通过其氮原子连接C18羧酸的羰基碳原子。
所述化合物包括C8-ACCA、C9-ACCA、C10-ACCA、C12-ACCA、C14-ACCA、C16-ACCA、C18-ACCA、C20-ACCA和C22-ACCA。
所述化合物包括C8-ACCA、C9-ACCA、C10-ACCA、C12-ACCA、C14-ACCA、C16-ACCA、C18-ACCA、C20-ACCA和C22-ACCA,其中所述羧酸残基是饱和的。
所述化合物包括C8-ACCA、C9-ACCA、C10-ACCA、C12-ACCA、C14-ACCA、C16-ACCA、C18-ACCA、C20-ACCA和C22-ACCA,其中所述羧酸残基是不饱和的且包含1、2或3个双键。所述双键可以是顺式-构型、反式-构型或顺式-和反式-构型的混合物。
所述化合物包括上述指定的那些化合物,其中氨基酸残基上的环烷环是环丙烷(n=1)。
特别优选的化合物是N-棕榈酰基1-氨基-环丙基羧酸(C16:0-ACCA)、N-硬脂酰基1-氨基-环丙基羧酸(C18:0-ACCA)、N-亚油酰基1-氨基-环丙基羧酸(C18:2-ACCA)、N-亚麻酰基1-氨基-环丙基羧酸(C18:2-ACCA)、N-油酰基1-氨基-环丙基羧酸(C18:1-ACCA)、N-(9-棕榈烯酰基)1-氨基-环丙基羧酸(C16:1-ACCA)、N-癸酰基1-氨基-环丙基羧酸(C10:0-ACCA)和N-牻牛儿酰基1-氨基-环丙基羧酸(C10:2-ACCA)。
式(I)的化合物可以通过已知方法、使用商购原料、试剂和溶剂形成,本文中并未进行详细讨论。在本发明的一个实施方案中,可以通过使氨基酸与脂肪酰卤例如酰氯在碱性条件下在水性条件下例如水/THF溶剂系统中反应形成缀合物。可以通过将加热施加于反应混合物改善收率和反应时间。在一个可替代选择的实施方案中,脂肪酸可以与氨基酸在二噁烷中在DCC(二环己基碳二亚胺)和1-羟基吡咯烷-2,5-二酮的存在下反应。
在另一个实施方案中,氨基酸烷基酯可以与脂肪酰氯在碱性条件下在基于水的溶剂例如水/THF溶剂系统中反应。此后,可以在不影响碱性甲醇水溶液中的酰胺键的情况下谨慎地水解酯。
在另一个实施方案中,脂肪酸和氨基酸烷基酯可以在二噁烷中在DCC(二环己基碳二亚胺)和1-羟基吡咯烷-2,5-二酮的存在下反应。可以在不影响稀碱性甲醇水溶液中的酰胺键的情况下谨慎地水解酯。
在另一个实施方案中,脂肪酸的(混合)酸酐与氨基酸在二噁烷中反应。
在另一个实施方案中,脂肪酸烷基酯可以与氨基酸在二噁烷中反应。
在另一个实施方案中,氨基酸烷基酯可以与甘油三酯任选地在共溶剂的存在下反应。然后根据上述方法水解由此形成的氨基酸酯。
在另一个实施方案中,氨基酸与甘油三酯任选地在共溶剂的存在下反应。
在另一个实施方案中,氨基酸与甘油三酯在脂肪酶、酯酶、蛋白酶、肽酶、酰胺酶或酰基酶的存在下任选地在共溶剂和/或水的存在下反应。
在另一个实施方案中,脂肪酸烷基酯与氨基酸在脂肪酶或酰基酶的存在下任选地在共溶剂和/或水的存在下反应。
式(I)的化合物给加入它们的可食用组合物赋予显著的感官特征。特别地,它们赋予非常强烈的、真实的和和谐的香味并且给包含它们的可食用组合物传递完全和丰满的感觉。
更具体地,可以将所述化合物掺入可食用产品以传递显著的口感、本体感和增强的脂肪感觉或增强的鲜味或咸味或清凉感和丰富感。它们特别用于低脂肪、低盐和鲜味中的应用。它们还用于无脂肪制品,例如饮料和口腔护理用品。它们还应用于乳品应用和香草、可可和巧克力。
考虑到当申请人品尝稀水溶液形式的所述化合物时,它们是无味的或显示令人失望的微弱脂肪味道特性,这种发现是格外令人惊讶的。照此,它们显然十分不适用于香料应用。仅它们与香味辅助成分的组合及其应用水平的慎重选择能够发现这些化合物的显著的感官特性。其对可食用组合物的影响十分罕见,即它们实际上补充、提升或强化掺入它们的食品或饮料的基本的或真实的香味和口腔感觉特征,而不是对食品或饮料发挥特征性香味特性。因此,本发明的化合物应用于食品和饮料工业以及保健和身心健康中的广谱应用。
因此,本发明在其另一个方面中提供了赋予可食用组合物香味和/或口感或改善可食用组合物味道和/或口感的方法,该方法包括将本文定义的式(I)的化合物加入到所述组合物中。
当将式(I)的化合物掺入包含一种或多种香味辅助成分的可食用组合物中时,观察到了显著的感官效应。
香味辅助成分可以是糖类、脂肪、盐(例如氯化钠)、MSG、钙离子、磷酸根离子、有机酸、蛋白质、嘌呤类及其混合物。
在一个具体的实施方案中,糖类以占可食用组合物总重0.001%-90%、更具体地为0.001%-50%、仍然更具体地为0.001%-20%的量存在。
在一个具体的实施方案中,脂肪以占可食用组合物总重0.001%-100%、更具体地为0.001%-80%、更具体地为0.001%-30%、仍然更具体地为0.001%-5%的量存在。
在一个具体的实施方案中,盐(例如氯化钠)以占可食用组合物总重0.001%-20%、更具体地为0.001%-5%的量存在。
在一个具体的实施方案中,MSG以占可食用组合物总重0.001%-2%的量存在。
在一个具体的实施方案中,钙以占可食用组合物总重0.001%-50%、更具体地为0.001%-20%、仍然更具体地为0.001%-1%的量存在。
在一个具体的实施方案中,有机酸以占可食用组合物总重0.001%-10%、更具体地为0.001%-7%的量存在。
有机酸的类型包括柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、富马酸、乳酸、乙酸和琥珀酸。包含有机酸的可食用组合物的类型包括饮料,例如碳酸软饮料、普通饮料、果汁、粉状软饮料、液体浓缩物、酒精性饮料和功能性饮料。
在一个具体的实施方案中,磷的存在量至多占可食用组合物重量的0.5%。典型地,磷作为磷酸盐或磷酸存在。
在一个具体的实施方案中,嘌呤类的存在量至多占可食用组合物重量的0.5%。术语“嘌呤类”包括核糖核苷酸,例如IMP和GMP。
尽管其有意义的感官特性,但是申请人发现,配制式(I)的化合物并非轻而易举。所发现的化合物效能启示它们可以以极低水平应用于香味用品,且由此尽管能够使用纯净形式的化合物,但是为了易于与其他成分一起操作、混合和加工,期望通过将它们掺入适合的媒介物例如稀释剂例如溶剂,给所述化合物的物理形式扩充或添加体积。然而,所述化合物在环境温度下是固体或粘性油并且在水中具有极为有限的溶解度。申请人发现,式(I)的化合物的至少约0.01%的储备溶液、更具体地约0.01-1%的储备溶液在可接受溶剂水平方面达到平衡,以易于操作和混合,并且当为适口性、效率、成本等的原因而进一步加工香味组合物和可食用产品中的化合物时,期望限制必需从所述储备溶液中除去的溶剂的量。申请人发现,用于所述储备溶液的适合的溶剂包括乙醇、三醋精、甘油和miglyol。
为了有助于增溶过程和生产储备溶液以及将溶剂的量减少至最低限度,优选使用由羧酸混合物而不是纯羧酸形成的式(I)的化合物。
因此,本发明在其另一个方面中提供了式(I)的化合物的至少约0.01%的储备溶液,更具体地约为0.01-1%的储备溶液。
所述储备溶液可以包含其他材料,例如更完整地描述如下的载体材料和/或佐剂。在一个具体的实施方案中,所述储备溶液包含抗氧化剂,其选自维生素C、维生素E、迷迭香提取物、叔丁基对甲酚(antrancine)、丁羟茴醚(BHA)和丁羟甲苯(BHT)。抗氧化剂优选用于防止或显著地减少作为式(I)的化合物降解结果产生的挥发性异味物质产生。抗氧化剂在式(I)的化合物带有不饱和脂肪酸残基时是特别优选的。如果脂肪酸残基包含1个以上双键,则特别优选抗氧化剂。确定抗氧化剂的有效量属于本领域技术人员的权限,然而,可以存在占所述储备溶液重量约10ppm-1000ppm的量。
在制备本发明的香味组合物的过程中,式(I)的化合物可以以任意物理形式使用。它们可以以纯净形式、上述储备溶液形式使用;它们可以以乳液形式使用;或它们可以以粉末形式使用。如果式(I)的化合物以粉末形式存在,则可以通过分散蒸发方法例如喷雾干燥方法生产粉末形式,正如在下文中更完整地描述的。可以通过使包含式(I)的化合物的液体制品进行分散蒸发过程制备粉末形式。液体制品可以包括包含式(I)的化合物的溶液、混悬液或乳液。特别地,液体制品可以采用上文所述的储备溶液形式。液体制品可以包含其他成分,例如在下文中更完整地描述的载体材料和/或佐剂。
包含式(I)的化合物的粉末构成本发明的另一个方面。
可以将式(I)的化合物单独地或以包含一种或多种香味辅助成分的香味组合物的形式掺入可食用组合物。
包含式(I)的化合物的香味组合物构成本发明的另一个方面。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述香味制品包含式(I)的化合物和至少一种香味辅助成分。
在本发明的一个具体的实施方案中,香味组合物包含:
i)式(I)的化合物;
ii)至少一种香味辅助成分;
iii)任选的载体材料;和
iv)任选的至少一种佐剂。
所谓术语“香味辅助成分”是能够以正面或令人愉快的方式贡献或传递或改变可食用组合物味道的成分。
所有形式的香味辅助成分可以用于本发明的组合物,包括、但不限于天然香料、人造香料、香料调味品、作料等。香味辅助成分包括合成香味油和加香香料和/或油、来源于植物、叶、花、果实等的油性树脂、精油、蒸馏物和提取物和包含至少一种上述成分的组合。
香味油包括留兰香油、肉桂油、冬青油(水杨酸甲酯)、胡椒薄荷油、日本薄荷油、丁香油、桂花油、八角茴香油、桉叶油、百里香油、香柏叶油、肉豆蔻油、多香果、鼠尾草油、肉豆蔻、苦杏仁油和桂皮油;有用的增香剂包括人造、天然和合成水果香料,例如香草和柑橘油,包括柠檬、橙、酸橙、葡萄柚、yazu、史达橘(sudachi)和水果香精包括苹果、梨、桃、葡萄、覆盆子、黑莓、圆醋栗、蓝莓、草莓、樱桃、李子、洋李、葡萄干、可乐、瓜拉那、橙花油、菠萝、杏子、香蕉、甜瓜、杏子、ume、樱桃、覆盆子、黑莓、热带水果、芒果、山竹果、石榴、番木瓜等。
增香剂递送的另外的典型香精包括牛奶香精、黄油香精、干酪香精、奶油香精和酸奶香精;香草香精;茶或咖啡香精例如绿茶香精、乌龙茶香精、茶香精、可可香精、巧克力香精和咖啡香精;薄荷香精例如薄荷香精、留兰香香精和日本薄荷香精;香辣香精例如阿魏香精、香旱芹香精、大茴香香精、当归属香精、小茴香香精、多香果香精、肉桂香精、黄春菊香精、芥茉香精、小豆蔻香精、葛缕子香精、小茴香子香精、丁香香精、胡椒香精、芫荽子香精、黄樟香精、香旱芹菜香精、川花椒香精、紫苏香精、杜松子香精、姜香精、八角茴芹香精、辣根香精、百里香香精、龙艾香精、莳萝子香精、辣椒香精、肉豆蔻香精、罗勒香精、马郁兰香精、迷迭香香精、月桂叶香精和绿芥末(日本辣根)香精;坚果香精例如杏仁香精、榛子香精、坚果香精、花生香精、美洲山核桃香精、阿月浑子香精和胡桃香精;酒精香精例如葡萄酒香精、威士忌酒香精、白兰地酒香精、甜酒香精、杜松子酒香精和利口酒香精;花香精;和蔬菜香精例如洋葱香精、大蒜香精、甘蓝香精、胡萝卜香精、芹菜香精、香茹香精和蕃茄香精。
在一些实施方案中,所述香味辅助成分包括醛类和酯类,例如可以使用乙酸肉桂酯、肉桂醛、柠檬醛二乙缩醛、乙酸二氢葛缕酯、丁子香酚49甲酸酯、对-甲基茴香醇(amisol)等。醛香料的另外的实例包括乙醛(苹果)、苯甲醛(樱桃,杏仁)、茴香醛(甘草,大茴香)、肉桂醛(肉桂)、柠檬醛即α-柠檬醛(柠檬,白柠檬)、橙花醛即β-柠檬醛(柠檬,白柠檬)、癸醛(橙,柠檬)、乙基香草醛(香草,奶油)、天芥菜即胡椒醛(香草,奶油)、香草醛(香草,奶油)、α-戊基肉桂醛(辛香水果香精)、丁醛(黄油,干酪)、戊醛(黄油,干酪)、香茅醛(修饰物,许多类型)、癸醛(柑橘类水果)、醛C-8(柑橘类水果)、醛C-9(柑橘类水果)、醛C-12(柑橘类水果)、2-乙基丁醛(浆果类)、己烯醛即反式-2(浆果类)、甲苯基醛(樱桃,杏仁)、藜芦醛(香草)、2,6-二甲基-5-庚烯醛即甜瓜醛(甜瓜)、2,6-二甲基辛醛(青香果实)和2-十二碳烯醛(柑橘,橘子)等。
其他香味辅助成分的实例可以在National Academy of Sciences的“Chemicals Used in Food Processing”,1274卷,63-258页中找到。
香味辅助成分还可以包括咸味促味剂、鲜味促味剂和风味促味剂化合物。非限制性实例包括:NaCl、KCl、MSG、鸟苷一磷酸(GMP)、肌苷一磷酸(IMP)、核糖核苷酸例如肌苷酸二钠、鸟苷酸二钠、N-(2-羟基乙基)-乳酰胺、N-乳酰基-GMP、N-乳酰基酪胺、γ氨基丁酸、烯丙半胱氨酸、1-(2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-3-(吡啶-2-基)丙-1-酮、精氨酸、氯化钾、氯化铵、琥珀酸、N-(2-甲氧基-4-甲基苄基)-N'-(2-(吡啶-2-基)乙基)草酰胺、N-(庚-4-基)苯并(D)(1,3)间二氧杂环戊烯-5-甲酰胺、N-(2,4-二甲氧基苄基)-N'-(2-(吡啶-2-基)乙基)草酰胺、N-(2-甲氧基-4-甲基苄基)-N'-2(2-(5-甲基吡啶-2-基)乙基)草酰胺、环丙基-E,Z-2,6-壬二烯酰胺。
在本发明的具体的实施方案中,所述香味辅助成分选自WO2005102701、WO2006009425、WO2005096843、WO2006046853和WO2005096844中公开的化合物和组合物,将所有这些文献完整地引入本文参考。
香味辅助成分可以包括已知的咸味促味剂、鲜味促味剂和风味促味剂化合物。非限制性实例包括:NaCl、KCl、MSG、鸟苷一磷酸(GMP)、肌苷一磷酸(IMP)、核糖核苷酸例如肌苷酸二钠、鸟苷酸二钠、N-(2-羟基乙基)-乳酰胺、N-乳酰基-GMP、N-乳酰基酪胺、γ氨基丁酸、烯丙半胱氨酸、1-(2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-3-(吡啶-2-基)丙-1-酮、精氨酸、氯化钾、氯化铵、琥珀酸、N-(2-甲氧基-4-甲基苄基)-N'-(2-(吡啶-2-基)乙基)草酰胺、N-(庚-4-基)苯并(D)(1,3)间二氧杂环戊烯-5-甲酰胺、N-(2,4-二甲氧基苄基)-N'-(2-(吡啶-2-基)乙基)草酰胺、N-(2-甲氧基-4-甲基苄基)-N'-2(2-(5-甲基吡啶-2-基)乙基)草酰胺、环丙基-E,Z-2,6-壬二烯酰胺。
载体材料可以用于本发明的组合物以便将组合物的其他成分包封或俘获在基质中。载体材料的作用仅在于加工助剂或填充剂的作用,或可以用于屏蔽或防止其他成分受到湿气或氧或任意其他攻击性介质的影响。载体材料还可以作为控制香味从可食用组合物中释放的用品起作用。
载体材料可以包括单糖、二糖或三糖、天然或改性淀粉、水胶体、纤维素衍生物、聚醋酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇、蛋白质或果胶。具体的载体材料的实例包括蔗糖、葡萄糖、乳糖、左旋糖、果糖、麦芽糖、核糖、右旋糖、异麦芽酮糖醇(isomalt)、山梨醇、甘露糖醇、木糖醇、拉克替醇、麦芽糖醇、戊糖醇(pentatol)、阿拉伯糖、戊糖、木糖、半乳糖、麦芽糖糊精、糊精、化学修饰的淀粉、氢化淀粉水解物、琥珀酰化或水解淀粉、琼脂、角叉菜胶、阿拉伯树胶、阿拉伯树胶、黄蓍胶、藻酸盐、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、其衍生物和混合物。当然,本领域技术人员可以理解,所引述的材料作为实例并入本文且不解释为限制本发明。
所谓“香味佐剂”是指能够将额外添加的有益性例如颜色、耐光性、化学稳定剂等传递给本发明组合物的成分。适合的佐剂包括溶剂(包括水、醇、乙醇、三醋精、油、脂肪、植物油和miglyol)、粘合剂、稀释剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、着色剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、乳化剂、稳定剂、消结块剂等。在一个具体的实施方案中,所述香味组合物包含抗氧化剂。所述抗氧化剂可以包括维生素C、维生素E、迷迭香提取物、叔丁基对甲酚、丁羟茴醚(BHA)和丁羟甲苯(BHT)。
用于香味组合物的这种载体材料或佐剂的实例可以在例如“Perfume and Flavour Materials of Natural Origin”,S.Arctander,Ed.,Elizabeth,N.J.,1960;“Perfume and Flavour Chemicals”,S.Arctander,Ed.,I&II卷,Allured Publishing Corporation,Carol Stream,USA,1994;“Flavourings”,E.Ziegler和H.Ziegler(ed.),Wiley-VCH Weinheim,1998和“CTFA Cosmetic IngredientHandbook”,J.M.Nikitakis(ed.),第1版,The Cosmetic,Toiletryand Fragrance Association,Inc.,Washington,1988中找到。
香味组合物的其他适合的和期望的成分描述在标准教科书例如“Handbook of Industrial Chemical Additives”,ed.M.和I.Ash,第2版,(Synapse2000)中。
本发明的香味组合物可以以任意适合的物理形式提供。例如,它们可以是在适用于可食用组合物的液体或有机液体中的油、乳液或分散液形式或固体形式,例如粉末。
如果以粉末组合物形式提供所述香味组合物,则可以通过一般为本领域公知的分散蒸发技术例如喷雾干燥制备它们。
因此,在本发明的另一个方面中,提供了形成粉末组合物的方法,所述方法包括下列步骤:提供包含式(I)的化合物和一种或多种任选的选自至少一种香味辅助成分、载体材料和佐剂的成分的液体组合物,并且分散蒸发所述液体组合物,以形成粉末组合物。
按照这种方式,可以提供粉末形式的式(I)的化合物或包含该化合物的香味组合物。
用于制备粉末的液体组合物可以是溶液、乳液、分散液或淤浆的形式。所述液体可以包含水和/或有机液体,例如对用于可食用组合物可接受的乙醇、甘油、三醋精、miglyol(MCT)。
可以根据本领域公知用于以工业化规模生产粉末的方法和设备制备本发明的粉末组合物。特别适合的方法是喷雾干燥。喷雾干燥技术和设备是本领域众所周知的且无需在本文中详细讨论。US2005/0031769和US2013/0022728中所述的喷雾干燥技术、设备和方法和那些对比文件中所述的方法适合于生产本发明的粉末组合物,并且将这些文献完整地引入本文参考。
将式(I)的化合物掺入本发明粉末香味组合物的方式并非关键。例如,可以将所述化合物加入到上述液体组合物中并且与香味组合物的所有其他成分一起进行分散蒸发过程。或者,可以在粉末形成后将化合物加入到香味组合物中。
上文所述的许多香味辅助成分是挥发性的和/或可能对氧化降解、特别是在进行升温和湿度条件下敏感。因此,特别地在将上述香味辅助成分进行分散蒸发过程例如喷雾干燥时,可能产生具体问题。特别敏感性的成分的非详尽清单包括这样的成分,其包含天然或合成的水果香精,例如香草、巧克力、咖啡、可可和柑橘油包括柠檬、莱姆和葡萄柚和水果香糖包括苹果、梨、桃子、草莓、覆盆子、樱桃、李子、菠萝、杏子等。这些香味辅助成分的挥发性成分可以包括、但不限于乙醛、二甲硫、乙酸乙酯、丙酸乙酯、丁酸甲酯和丁酸乙酯。包含挥发性醛类或酯类的香味辅助成分包括,例如乙酸肉桂酯、肉桂醛、柠檬醛、二乙缩醛、乙酸二氢葛缕酯、丁子香酚甲酸酯、对-甲基茴香醇等。乙酸肉桂酯、肉桂醛、柠檬醛、乙缩醛、二氢葛缕醇乙酸酯、甲酸丁香酯、对-甲基茴香醚。可以作为共成分存在的挥发性化合物的其他实例包括乙醛(苹果)、苯甲醛(樱桃,杏仁)、茴香醛(甘草,大茴香)、肉桂醛(肉桂)、柠檬醛即α-柠檬醛(柠檬,白柠檬)、橙花醛即β-柠檬醛(柠檬,白柠檬)、癸醛(橙,柠檬)、乙基香草醛(香草,奶油)、天芥菜即胡椒醛(香草,奶油)、香草醛(香草,奶油)、α-戊基肉桂醛(辛香水果香精)、丁醛(黄油,干酪)、戊醛(黄油,干酪)、香茅醛(修饰物,许多类型)、癸醛(柑橘类水果)、醛C-8(柑橘类水果)、醛C-9(柑橘类水果)、醛C-12(柑橘类水果)、2-乙基丁醛(浆果类)、己烯醛即反式-2(浆果类)、甲苯基醛(樱桃,杏仁)、藜芦醛(香草)、2,6-二甲基-5-庚烯醛即甜瓜醛(甜瓜)、2,6-二甲基辛醛(青香果实)和2-十二碳烯醛(柑橘,橘子);樱桃;或葡萄及其混合物。
申请人令人惊讶地发现,粉末香味组合物中包含式(I)的化合物能够维持通过分散蒸发法转化成粉末形式的香味组合物的香味品质。
因此,本发明在其另一个方面中提供了维持粉末香味组合物的香味品质的方法,所述方法包括在所述粉末香味组合物中包括式(I)的化合物的步骤。
如上所述,可以将式(I)的化合物或包含这种化合物的香味组合物掺入可食用组合物,且包含这种化合物或香味组合物的可食用组合物构成本发明的另一个方面。
术语“可食用组合物”是指受试者、典型地通过口腔消费(尽管消费可以通过非口腔的方式进行,例如吸入)的产品,其至少一个目的在于享乐、营养或保健和身心健康有益性。可食用组合物可以以任意形式存在,包括、但不限于液体、固体、半固体、片剂、胶囊、锭剂、条状物、粉末、凝胶、树胶、糊剂、淤浆、糖浆、气雾剂和喷雾剂。该术语还指,例如膳食和营养补充剂。可食用组合物包括在弃去前置于口腔中一定时间期限、不吞咽的组合物。可以将其在消费前置于口腔中,或将其保留在口腔中一定时间期限,然后弃去。如上文所定义的可食用组合物包括这样的组合物,其味道以本文所述的方式通过添加式(I)的化合物改变或其味道通过加工使得其富含式(I)的化合物而由此改变。
在一个具体的实施方案中,术语“可食用组合物”是指由受试者、典型地通过口腔消费的产品(不过,消费可以通过非口腔方式例如吸入进行),目的之一在于享乐或营养。
在一个更具体的实施方案中,术语“可食用组合物”是指由受试者、典型地通过口腔消费的目的在于享乐的产品(不过,消费可以通过非口腔方式例如吸入进行)。更具体地,该术语是指食品和饮料。
在一个具体的实施方案中,术语“可食用组合物”不涉及药物组合物。
在一个具体的实施方案中,术语“可食用组合物”不涉及营养补充剂。
广泛地说,可食用组合物包括、但不限于所有种类的食品、糖食产品、烘烤制品、甜品、风味产品、发酵产品、乳制品、饮料和口腔护理产品。
典型食品包括、但不限于速冻小吃、甜和风味极佳的小吃、水果小吃、油煎土豆片/炸土豆片、膨化休闲食品、玉蜀黍饼/玉米片、爆玉米花、椒盐卷饼、坚果、其他甜和风味极佳的点心、小吃、低脂肪小饼干、早餐棒、能量棒、水果棒、其他小吃、膳食替代品、减肥产品、恢复性饮料、即食餐、罐头即食餐、冷冻即食食品、干燥好的饭、冷冻即食餐、混合方便饭、速冻比萨、冷冻比萨、汤、汤品罐头、汤粉、速溶汤粉、冷汤、超高温汤、冷冻汤、意面、罐装意面、干意面、冷冻/新鲜意面、面条、阳春面、方便面、杯装/碗装方便面、袋装方便面、油醋汁凉面、方便面、干燥食品、什锦点心、酱油、调料和调味品、草药和香料调味品、糊状食品、果酱和蜜饯、蜂蜜、巧克力酱、基于坚果的酱和基于发酵的粉酱。
典型糖食产品包括、但不限于口香糖(包括糖化口香糖、无糖口香糖、功能性口香糖和泡泡糖)、夹心糖食、巧克力和其他巧克力糖食、含药糖食、脆性硬糖、片剂、软果糕、薄荷糖、标准薄荷糖、强力薄荷糖、软糖、硬糖、硬糖果、呼吸和其他口腔护理膜或条、拐杖糖、棒糖、粘糖、果冻、乳脂软糖、焦糖、硬和脆松糖、乳脂糖、太妃糖、甘草、胶糖、橡皮糖、豆形胶质软糖、奶油杏仁糖、微晶糖膏或一种或多种上述糖食的组合或掺入一种或多种上述糖食的可食用香味组合物。
典型烘烤制品包括、但不限于夹心饼干(alfajores)、面包、包装/工业化面包、散装的/手工面包、面粉糕饼、蛋糕、包装/工业化蛋糕、散装的/手工蛋糕、饼干、巧克力糖皮饼干、三明治饼干、有馅饼干、加调味料的饼干和薄脆饼干、面包替代品。
典型甜品包括、但不限于早点用谷物片、可即食(“rte”)谷物、家庭早点用谷物片、薄片、早餐食品、其他rte谷物、儿童早点用谷物片、热谷物。
典型的风味产品包括、但不限于含盐零食(马铃薯片、薄脆、坚果、炸玉米粉圆饼、椒盐卷饼、干酪零食、玉米零食、马铃薯零食、可即食爆玉米花、可微波烹饪的爆玉米花(microwaveable popcorn)、猪肉皮、坚果、薄脆饼干、薄脆零食、早点用谷物片、肉类、肉冻、腌肉(火腿、咸猪肉)、午餐/早餐肉(热狗、冷吃的肉片、香肠)、番茄产品、人造黄油、花生酱、汤(清汤、罐装汤、奶油、即食汤、UHT)、罐装蔬菜、面酱(pasta sauces)。
典型的乳制品包括、但不限于干酪、干酪调味品、基于干酪的产品、冰淇淋、兴消费的冰淇淋、单份牛奶冰淇淋、单份水冰淇淋、一包多件包装的牛奶冰淇淋、一包多件包装的水冰淇淋、带回家的冰淇淋、带回家的牛奶冰淇淋、冰淇淋甜点、散装冰淇淋、带回家的水冰淇淋、冷冻酸奶、手工冰淇淋、乳制品、乳品、新鲜/巴氏灭菌牛奶、全脂新鲜/巴氏灭菌牛奶、半脱脂新鲜/巴氏灭菌牛奶、保存期较长的/超高温奶、全脂保存期较长的/超高温奶、半脱脂保存期较长的/超高温奶、无脂保存期较长的/超高温奶、羊奶、炼乳/脱水奶、纯炼乳/脱水奶、加味的、功能性和其他炼乳、香味奶饮料、只有调味乳饮料乳制品、含果汁的香味奶饮料、豆浆、酸乳饮料、发酵奶饮料、咖啡白化剂、奶粉、香味奶粉饮料、奶油、酸奶、纯/天然酸奶、加味酸奶、加水果的酸奶、益生菌酸奶、饮用酸奶、定期饮用酸奶、益生菌饮用酸奶、冷冻点心和耐储存点心、基于乳品的点心、基于大豆的点心。
典型饮料包括、但不限于调味的水、软饮料、果汁饮料、基于咖啡的饮料、基于茶的饮料、基于果汁的饮料(包括水果和蔬菜)、基于奶的饮料、胶冻饮料、碳酸或非碳酸饮料、粉末饮料、酒精或非酒精性饮料。
典型的发酵食品包括、但不限于干酪和干酪产品、肉和肉制品、大豆和大豆制品、鱼和鱼制品、谷物和谷物制品、水果和水果制品。
在一个具体的实施方案中,所述消费品选自大豆酱油、干酪、汤、热和冷调味料、水果、蔬菜、蕃茄酱、茶、咖啡、零食例如马铃薯片或挤出的零食。
式(I)的化合物在加入到香味组合物和/或可食用组合物中时对该组合物起作用以补充其香味和/或口感,从而赋予它更多的美味和真实感。所述效应可以是暂时的或与强度相关,例如,化合物可以通过增强、强化、软化、突出香味或形成更多的分泌唾液感觉起作用。式(I)的化合物还可以影响香味的暂时特性,即它们可以影响香味的最初印象、香料的本体感觉或其逗留不去的效应。
式(I)的化合物可以改变可食用组合物的味道或香味的暂时特性的任意方面。特别地,所述化合物改善口感和传递更多的奶油和脂肪样感觉。
可以将式(I)的化合物或包含它们的香味组合物以宽泛的携带量加入到可食用组合物中。用量依赖于所加香的可食用组合物的性质和期望的效应以及存在于所述香味组合物中的成分的性质。为了得到归因于存在的式(I)的化合物的显著有益效果,香味组合物应以这样的用量使用,即使得式(I)的化合物的存在量占可食用组合物总重的1份/10亿份-10份/100万份。而使用高于此的用量,有益效果显而易见较低且不期望的异味逐步明显。
当以1-100ppb的水平使用式(I)的化合物时,包含盐或酒精或清凉化合物的可食用组合物中的有意义的感官效应例如盐、酒精或清凉加强效应可以得以实现。
当以100-250ppb的水平使用式(I)的化合物时,包含鲜味促味剂的可食用组合物中的有意义的感官效应例如鲜味加强效应可以得以实现。
当以250-500ppb的水平使用式(I)的化合物时,可食用组合物中的有意义的感官效应、特别是口感加强效应可以得以实现。
当以500-1000ppb的水平使用式(I)的化合物时,包含脂肪的可食用组合物中的有意义的感官效应例如脂肪加强效应可以得以实现。
特别有利的是将式(I)的化合物掺入在高温条件下例如烘烤、油煎或通过热处理例如巴氏消毒法或在UHT条件下加工形成的可食用组合物。在高制备或加工温度下,挥发性香味成分可能损耗或降解,其结果是香味强度可能减少且主要和真实的香味特征可能下降。这种可食用产品包括乳制品、快餐食品、烘烤制品、粉状软饮料和类似干燥混合物等、脂肪和作料、蛋黄酱、净肉、汤和肉汤和饮料。
本发明的特别优选类型的可食用组合物是粉状软饮料和类似的干燥混合用品。干燥混合用品是本领域公知的且包括粉末形式的产品,其预以在消费前重构。它们包括汤粉、蛋糕粉、粉状巧克力饮品、速溶咖啡、调味品和基料(fonds)等。
通过分散蒸发法例如喷雾干燥形成的干粉代表了极为便利的将香味油品质递送给可食用组合物的媒介物。
令人遗憾的是,香味油且特别是柑橘类香味油特别地对分散蒸发法敏感,尤其是对在高温下进行的方法敏感。香味油倾向于蒸发或降解成具有不利异味的产品。作为结果,粉末香味组合物、特别是包含柑橘油的那些可能具有差品质且显示相对短的贮存期限。
令人惊讶地,将式(I)的化合物或包含它们的香味组合物掺入粉状组合物导致粉末组合物显示用于其制备的香味油印象和真实性,尤其是将香味油的品质维持在粉状香味制品中。
因此,本发明在另一个方面中提供了包含式(I)的化合物和至少另一种香味辅助成分的粉末香味组合物。
本发明在另一个方面中提供了包含式(I)的化合物的粉状软饮料组合物或其他干燥混合组合物。
本发明在另一个方面中提供了包含含有式(I)的化合物的粉末香味组合物的粉状软饮料组合物或其他干燥混合组合物。
在本发明的另一个方面中提供了形成粉末香味组合物的方法,所述方法包括将式(I)的化合物掺入所述组合物的步骤。
在一个具体的实施方案中,可以将式(I)的化合物加入到形成的粉末香味组合物中,或将其加入到香味组合物中,然后形成粉末。
本发明另一类特别优选的可食用组合物是快餐食品。快餐食品是食品工业领域普通技术人员众所周知类型的产品。这些产品如上所述且包括、但不限于椒盐卷饼、玉米片、马铃薯片、膨化制品、挤出产品、玉米粉圆饼片等。更具体地,本发明涉及低脂肪快餐食品组合物。低脂肪快餐食品组合物包含低于30%重量的脂肪,更具体地为5-25%重量的脂肪。
快餐食品组合物中具有减少脂肪的问题在于味道和质地缺失。脂肪以这样的方式起重要作用,即生面团在加工过程中的行为且显著地影响方便食品的质量、香味和质地。当零食产品中的脂肪含量下降或被其他成分(例如不可消化的脂肪、蛋白质、纤维、树胶)替代时,不良感官效应(例如口腔涂抹、干燥、缺乏脆性和缺乏香味)增加。不良感官效应导致产品的适口性下降。
在设计香味组合物的过程中已经花费了相当的努力来克服与低脂肪快餐食品相关的问题。可以将香料作为干粉和/或液体形式(例如基于油、基于水)的局部涂料涂布于快餐食品上。另一种方法在于向生面团中添加香料。
尽管采取这些不同方法来改善消费者对快餐食品且特别是低脂肪快餐食品的吸引力和适口性,但是仍然需要改进的低脂肪快餐食品,其上涂布有全脂快餐食品的视觉吸引力、香味和质地的涂料。
可以将式(I)的化合物或包含它们的香味组合物掺入快餐食品以传递有效的香味和具有显著的完全和丰满的口感。此外,可以在低脂肪快餐食品中实现所述味道和口感效应。
因此,本发明在其另一个方面中提供了包含如上所述的香味组合物的快餐食品。在本发明的一个具体的实施方案中,所述快餐食品具有的脂肪含量占该快餐食品总重的约40%或以下,更具体地约为30%或以下,仍然更具体地为25%或以下,更具体地约为10%或以下,仍然更具体地约为5%或以下,仍然更具体地约为3%或以下。
快餐食品的实例如上所述且包括通过烤箱烘烤、挤出或油煎加工和由马铃薯和/或玉米和/或不同谷物例如稻米或小麦制成的产品。
本发明另一类特别优选的可食用组合物是酒精性饮料。
申请人令人惊讶地发现,掺入酒精性饮料的式(I)的化合物具有增加该饮料酒精印象的作用。
因此,本发明在其另一个方面中提供了包含式(I)的化合物的酒精性饮料。
在本发明的另一个方面中提供了在酒精性饮料中产生增强的酒精印象的方法,通过将式(I)的化合物掺入所述饮料来进行。
可以将式(I)的化合物以1ppb-1ppm的量掺入所述酒精性饮料。
另一类优选的可食用组合物是以片剂、胶囊、粉末、多颗粒等形式摄取的产品。
一类人存在吞咽片剂或胶囊、粉末、多颗粒等困难的问题。该问题在一些消费者类型中特别显著,例如儿童和极老的老年人或虚弱的人。申请人令人惊讶地发现,式(I)的化合物在摄入口腔中时产生显著的分泌唾液效应。将所述化合物掺入这些剂型,特别是作为所述剂型周围包衣衣料的组成部分可以使得消费者的吞咽过程便利,特别是儿童和老年人或虚弱的人。
因此,本发明在其另一个方面中提供了可口服施用的剂型,特别是包含式(I)的化合物的片剂、胶囊、粉末或多颗粒。
另一类优选的可食用组合物是烘烤制品。可以局部或在生面团中掺入式(I)的化合物。掺入1ppb-1ppm水平的式(I)的化合物使得烘烤制品干燥程度较低且更具有多汁性。
其他优选类型的可食用组合物是有热量的或无热量的饮料,其包含碳水化合物甜味剂,例如蔗糖、高果糖玉米糖浆、果糖和葡萄糖;或高强度无营养甜味剂,例如阿斯巴甜、乙酰磺胺酸钾、三氯蔗糖、环己氨基磺酸盐、糖精钠、纽甜、莱鲍迪甙A和/或其他基于甜叶菊的甜味剂;以及其他任选的成分,例如果汁、有机酸例如柠檬酸和功能性成分。
掺入1ppb-10ppm水平的式(I)的化合物给包含低于1%且至多约为20%水平的甜味剂的所述饮料传递上等的甜味和暗示为糖的口感。
其他优选的可食用组合物是风味组合物,特别是为基于大豆的或基于鱼肉的那些组合物。
在包含5-40%盐的基于大豆的组合物(例如大豆酱油)或基于鱼肉的组合物(例如鱼肉调味料)中掺入1ppb-10ppm水平的化合物,发现这些组合物显示逗留不去和丰富的强烈鲜味。
另一种优选的可食用组合物是混浊状饮料组合物。
一些饮料例如果汁具有相对较高的浊度且由此具有不透明的外观。通常期望饮料具有相对高的浊度,这可能期望给具有低果汁含量的饮料提供天然的外观,或可能的原因与掩蔽沉降或“清脆声响(ringing)”(其中在贮存期间香味或色素油升至容器表面)相关。混浊状饮料通常借助于混浊剂形成。混浊剂通常以乳液形式提供,或混浊剂可以是粉状饮料的组成部分,在重构时,形成乳液,从而为饮料提供持久的混浊。
式(I)的化合物除其显著的感官特征外还可以赋予混浊剂和包含它们的饮料组合物产生稳定性。
因此,本发明在其另一个方面中提供了包含混浊状饮料组合物和式(I)的化合物的组合物。
在本发明的一个具体的实施方案中,如本文所定义的香味组合物可以以乳液形式提供。该乳液组合物特别可以用于混浊状饮料用品,特别地,其中预期使用混浊剂。
在本发明的另一个方面中提供了包含混浊剂和式(I)的化合物的混浊状饮料组合物。
其他优选的可食用组合物是通过熟化方法形成的那些组合物。
在食品加工过程中,对于食品而言频繁出现需要在充分确定条件下保持延长时间期限的需求,以得到具有必不可少和公认的品质的食品。用于该过程的常用术语是熟化。熟化是一些类型的干酪、肉类、大豆酱油和葡萄酒以及啤酒香肠、泡菜、天贝(tempeh)和豆腐加工中众所周知的。还存在因特定原因进行的具体步骤(例如除去水或除去异味),它们对食品产生有益作用。其实例是精炼巧克力和干燥面条、蔬菜和水果。改善食品质量的转化通过化学转化、酶催化的转化或发酵转化诱导。所有这些转化均为缓慢的且由此是昂贵的;它们也不完全可预期或可控。
式(I)的化合物在其添加到掺入它们的可食用组合物的真实味道特征方面具有显著特性,可以将式(I)的化合物在熟化方法中添加到可食用产品中,以便减少贮存时间,而不会对熟化产品的味道品质产生不良影响。
因此,本发明在另一个方面中提供了熟化产品的方法,所述产品选自干酪、肉类、大豆酱油和葡萄酒、啤酒、香肠、泡菜、天贝和豆腐,该方法包括在式(I)的化合物的存在下熟化所述产品的步骤。
本发明在另一个方面中提供了精炼巧克力的方法,该方法包括将式(I)的化合物或包含它的香味组合物添加到巧克力中的步骤。
下面是用于示例本发明的一系列非限制性实施例。
合成实施例
1.一般方法
R1是具有9-21个碳原子且包含0-3个双键的直链烃基;
或
R1是[(1E)-2,6-二甲基庚-1,5-二烯-1-基]-基团;
且n=1-4。
根据下述2种方法之一合成属于所述通式的几种化合物。
2.合成
2.1路径A:(DCC方法)
在250mL圆底烧瓶中在二噁烷(50ml)中混合脂肪酸(3.93mmol)与1-羟基吡咯烷-2,5-二酮(0.498g,4.32mmol),得到无色溶液。将该溶液冷却至10℃,加入DCC(0.892g,4.32mmol),同时搅拌。在室温持续搅拌3小时。过滤形成的固体(二环己基脲),将滤液加入到氨基酸(6.48mmol)在2%碳酸氢钠溶液(0.363g,4.32mmol)在水中的溶液中。将该反应混合物在50℃搅拌4小时。蒸发二噁烷,再用水稀释水性残余物,用稀盐酸溶液酸化,用乙酸乙酯萃取。合并有机层,用盐水洗涤,干燥,蒸发,得到1.3g白色固体。通过闪蒸塔色谱法纯化产物,洗脱液为DCM/甲醇。
可以得到1g的85-90%纯的产物。
2.2路径B(使用保护基的DCC方法)
步骤1:
在-15℃向O-甲基化氨基酸(16.51mmol)在DCM(100ml)中的溶液中加入三乙胺(1.519g,15.01mmol)。加入脂肪酸(.01mmol),同时搅拌。在0℃滴加DCC(15.01mmol)在10mL DCM中的溶液。将该反应混合物在0℃搅拌1小时,在室温持续搅拌3小时。通过从该反应混合物中过滤除去二环己基脲。用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液、稀盐酸溶液和水洗涤滤液。分离有机层,干燥,蒸发,得到3g油状物。通过闪蒸塔色谱法纯化该油状物,洗脱液为DCM/甲醇。可以分离中间体酯化合物,纯度为95%。
步骤2:
将O-甲基化N-酰基-氨基-酸(4.91mmol)溶于乙醇(8.00ml)和水(8ml)的混合物。向该混合物中加入32%氢氧化钠溶液(2.453g,19.63mmol),将混合物在室温搅拌3小时。将混合物静置14小时。
14小时后,用浓盐酸溶液(1.612ml,19.63mmol)酸化该混合物,用水稀释,用mtbe萃取。分离有机层,干燥,蒸发。得到1.3g半固体黄色残余物。NMR证实标题化合物的结构,纯度为95%。
2.3路径C(酰氯)
将氨基酸(20mmol)溶于氢氧化钠(54.5mmol)的水(40ml)溶液。
加入四氢呋喃(60ml)。在室温滴加脂肪酰氯(18.18mmol)。持续搅拌2小时。用水稀释混合物,用37%盐酸溶液(2.99ml,36.4mmol)酸化,用乙酸乙酯萃取。
合并有机层,干燥,蒸发。
根据NMR,残余物包含约20%游离脂肪酸。将该固体与庚烷一起搅拌30分钟,过滤,干燥。该步骤得到2.4g标题化合物,为奶油色固体(纯度95%)。
2.4全部合成的产品
给予上述方法,合成了一系列化合物。将全部这些化合物概述在表1中。
表1:所合成的化合物清单
ACC=1-氨基-环丙烷羧酸
3NMR数据(实施例)
3.1结构5,ACC-C18:1
1H NMR(600MHz、氯仿-d)δppm0.88(t,J=7.05Hz,3H,H-C(18))1.09-1.21(m,2H H-C(22,23))1.21-1.1.39(m,20H,H-C(4,5,6,7,12,13,14,15,16,17))1.54-1.68(m,4H,H-C(3,22,23))1.91-2.07(m,4H,H-C(8,11))2.18(t,J=7.73Hz,2H,H-C(2))5.26-5.44(m,2H,H-C(9,10))6.28(s,1H,H-N(19))
13C NMR(150MHz、氯仿-d)δppm14.13(C(18)18.01(C(22,23))22.69(C(17)),25.45(C(3)),27.19(C(11)27.23(C11))29.16(C4))29.18(C6))29.26(C(5))29.33(C(13,15))29.45(C(14))29.72(C(7))29.78(C(12))31.91(C(16,21))33.47(C(2))129.76(C(10))129.99(C(9))175.15(C(1))177.39(C(20))
应用实施例
C18氨基环丙酸(ACCA)衍生物的测试
由专家品尝者制备和评价样品。要求品尝者描述样品,集中于真实味道、口感、丰满感、分泌唾液感、含盐性、鲜味、甜味、多汁性、丰富感、逗留不去感和脂肪感。
对低盐Kikkoman大豆酱油的测试
纯产品的盐水平,5-40%
应用中的盐水平,0.3-1.0%
C18:1-ACCA:0.5ppm:强烈的逗留不去的上等含盐性、极为强烈的含盐性
在鱼肉调味料中的测试
纯产品的盐水平,5-40%
应用中的盐水平,0.3-1.0%
C18:1-ACCA0.5ppm,-强烈的逗留不去的含盐性。强烈的本体口感
在蛋黄酱中的测试
脂肪水平,10-80%
低脂肪蛋黄酱(27%脂肪)
C18:1-ACCA0.5ppm-良好的平衡感、丰满的口感、增加的鸡蛋味
在净肉中的测试
油水平,0.5-50%
酸度PH3-6
低脂肪色拉调味料(13,6%脂肪)
C18:1-ACCA0.5ppm-增加的口感本体感、酸味较低
在汤和肉汤中的测试
脂肪水平,0.1-10%
盐水平,0.3-1.4%
标准鸡肉汤基料
0.7%盐、0.5%脂肪
C18:1-ACCA0.5ppm-更多的本体感和脂肪特征、分泌唾液感和良好余味
C18:1-ACCA0.2ppm-咸味浓、更强烈和更多的鲜味
在肉汁和基料(Fonds)中的测试
牛肉汁
C18:1-ACCA40ppb-更咸、脂肪样、总体特性增强
在干酪中的测试
脂肪水平:1-40%
盐:0.3-2%
可涂抹的干酪ERU
C18:1-ACCA0.5ppm-强烈的鲜味、逗留不去的干酪口感
干酪调味品:5%脂肪、1.6%盐
C18:1-ACCA0.5ppm-强烈鲜味、干酪口感、扩展
Claims (24)
1.下式表示的化合物,
及其可食用盐,
其中
R1是包含6-20个碳原子的烷基残基或包含9-25个碳原子与1-6个双键的烯残基,使得R1与其所连接的羰基一起为羧酸残基,且连接羰基碳原子的氨基酸残基是1-氨基环烷基羧酸(ACCA)的残基,且
n是1、2、3或4。
2.权利要求1的化合物,选自N-棕榈酰基1-氨基-环丙基羧酸(C16:0-ACCA)、N-硬脂酰基1-氨基-环丙基羧酸(C18:0-ACCA)、N-亚油酰基1-氨基-环丙基羧酸(C18:2-ACCA)、N-亚麻酰基1-氨基-环丙基羧酸(C18:2-ACCA)、N-油酰基1-氨基-环丙基羧酸(C18:1-ACCA)、N-(9-棕榈烯酰基)1-氨基-环丙基羧酸(C16:1-ACCA),N-癸酰基1-氨基-环丙基羧酸(C10:0-ACCA)和N-牻牛儿酰基1-氨基-环丙基羧酸(C10:2-ACCA)。
3.储备溶液,包含0.01-1%重量的权利要求1或2的化合物。
4.权利要求3的储备溶液,其中溶剂选自乙醇、三醋精、甘油和miglyol或其混合物。
5.权利要求1或2的化合物在可食用组合物中的用途。
6.香味组合物,包含权利要求1或2的化合物。
7.权利要求6的香味组合物,包含至少一种香味辅助成分。
8.权利要求6或7的香味组合物,包含选自糖类、脂肪、盐、MSG、钙离子、磷酸根离子、有机酸、蛋白质、嘌呤类及其混合物的成分。
9.权利要求6-8任一项的香味组合物,包含载体材料和佐剂。
10.权利要求9的香味组合物,其中所述佐剂是抗氧化剂。
11.权利要求6-10任一项的香味组合物,为乳液形式。
12.权利要求6-10任一项的香味组合物,为粉末形式。
13.权利要求12的香味组合物,其中所述粉末通过喷雾干燥形成。
14.可食用组合物,包含权利要求1或2任一项的式(I)的化合物或权利要求6-13任一项的香味组合物。
15.权利要求14的可食用组合物,为粉状软饮料或干燥混合组合物形式,其包含权利要求1或2的式(I)的化合物或权利要求6-13任一项的香味组合物。
16.权利要求14的快餐食品,包含权利要求1或2的式(I)的化合物或权利要求6-13任一项的香味组合物,将其掺入所述快餐食品或作为粉末局部涂布于所述快餐食品。
17.权利要求14的酒精性饮料,包含权利要求1或2的式(I)的化合物或权利要求6-13任一项的香味组合物。
18.权利要求14的可口服施用的片剂、胶囊、粉末或多颗粒,包含权利要求1或2的式(I)的化合物或权利要求6-13任一项的香味组合物。
19.权利要求14的含热量或无热量饮料,包含碳水化合物甜味剂,其选自蔗糖、高果糖玉米糖浆、果糖和葡萄糖;或高强度无营养甜味剂,其选自阿斯巴甜、乙酰磺胺酸钾、三氯蔗糖、环己氨基磺酸盐、糖精钠、纽甜、莱鲍迪甙A和/或其他基于甜叶菊的甜味剂,所述含热量或无热量饮料包含权利要求1或2的式(I)的化合物或权利要求6-13任一项的香味组合物。
20.权利要求14的基于大豆的可食用组合物,包含权利要求1或2的式(I)的化合物或权利要求6-13任一项的香味组合物。
21.权利要求14的混浊状饮料组合物,包含权利要求1或2的式(I)的化合物或权利要求6-13任一项的香味组合物。
22.权利要求14的可食用产品,通过熟化方法形成,选自干酪、肉类、大豆酱油和葡萄酒以及啤酒香肠、泡菜、巧克力天贝和豆腐,所述可食用产品包含权利要求1或2的式(I)的化合物或权利要求6-13任一项的香味组合物。
23.熟化产品的方法,所述产品选自干酪、肉类、大豆酱油和葡萄酒、啤酒、香肠、泡菜、巧克力天贝和豆腐,所述方法包括在如权利要求1或2中所定义的式(I)的化合物的存在下熟化所述产品的步骤。
24.在如权利要求1或2中所定义的式(I)的化合物的存在下精炼巧克力的方法。
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JP6248092B2 (ja) | 2017-12-13 |
BR112014024323B1 (pt) | 2020-03-10 |
US10201175B2 (en) | 2019-02-12 |
US20150044347A1 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
KR20140146147A (ko) | 2014-12-24 |
KR102045590B1 (ko) | 2019-11-15 |
JP2015516955A (ja) | 2015-06-18 |
SG11201405409PA (en) | 2014-11-27 |
BR112014024323A2 (pt) | 2017-07-11 |
EP2830437A1 (en) | 2015-02-04 |
WO2013148997A1 (en) | 2013-10-03 |
EP2830437B1 (en) | 2018-12-26 |
CA2867329A1 (en) | 2013-10-03 |
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CN104244734B (zh) | 2018-04-03 |
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