CN104222991B - 一种烤鱿鱼香精的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种烤鱿鱼香精的制备方法,步骤包括:取鱿鱼皮加水和蔗糖,经匀浆灭菌后,接入米曲霉进行发酵,过滤得鱿鱼发酵液;将鱿鱼发酵液中加入混合氨基酸、酵母粉、硫胺素以及溶剂后进行热反应得烤鱿鱼反应物;将烤鱿鱼反应物中加入盐、味精、I+G、鱿鱼香基和变性淀粉,混合均匀后过胶体磨得膏状烤鱿鱼香精。本发明以天然鱿鱼皮等为原料,利用微生物催化作用和热反应技术制备烤鱿鱼风味的香精,香气丰富协调,口感真实醇厚,成本低廉,具有巨大的应用市场。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品添加剂领域,特别涉及一种利用微生物催化和热反应技术制备烤鱿鱼香精的新方法。
背景技术
现有鱼味反应型香精一般是由鱼肉经过蛋白酶酶解后,加入氨基酸等进行美拉德反应得到,香气真实,但不够丰富,且酶制剂在成本中占比较大。
鱿鱼皮是鱿鱼在被加工成鱿鱼花、鱿鱼干等产品时产生的加工副产物,其含丰富的蛋白质、氨基酸和脂肪酸,但目前基本上是被加工成饲料鱼粉等价值不高的产品或者直接丢弃掩埋,没有很好的进行综合利用。
米曲霉一方面能够产蛋白酶、淀粉酶、糖化酶以及脂肪酶等复合酶,另一方面发酵过程能够产生低碳醇、低碳酯等芳香成分。因此,利用米曲霉对食品原料进行发酵处理,不仅可以利用米曲霉天然的复合酶对食品中的大分子进行降解,生成氨基酸,小肽和还原糖,还可以利用米曲霉自身特有的代谢途径,生成丰富的致香成分。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的不足之处,本发明的目的在于以加工副产物鱿鱼皮为原料,结合微生物催化技术和热反应制备烤鱿鱼香精。
为达到上述目的,本发明所设计的一种烤鱿鱼香精的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
A.制备鱿鱼发酵液:取鱿鱼皮100份,加入纯净水50~500份,蔗糖10~50份,用匀浆机匀浆,高压灭菌,冷却后加入0.01~0.1份米曲霉,于30℃、200rpm条件下发酵24~72h,灭菌后用80目筛过滤,滤液为鱿鱼发酵液;
B.制备烤鱿鱼反应物:取鱿鱼发酵液100份,加入混合氨基酸10~20份、酵母粉0.5~1份、硫胺素1~5份、鱿鱼油1~5份、还原糖10~20份、溶剂200~500份,搅拌使均匀,调整pH至5.0~7.5,在95~140℃反应1~8h,冷却至室温,得到烤鱿鱼反应物;
C.制备烤鱿鱼香精:取烤鱿鱼反应物100份,加入盐8~10份、味精2~5份、I+G0.5~1份、鱿鱼香基1~2份、变性淀粉3~5份,混合均匀后过胶体磨得膏状烤鱿鱼香精。
其中,所述的混合氨基酸是L-半胱氨酸、L-脯氨酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸组成的混合物。
所述的溶剂是丙二醇和甘油中的一种或二种组成的混合物。
所述的还原糖是葡萄糖,果糖,麦芽糖,乳糖、木糖和阿拉伯糖的一种或其混合物。本发明具有以下优点:
(1)以加工副产物鱿鱼皮为原料,提高了鱿鱼的利用价值,实现了鱿鱼资源的综合利用;
(2)以米曲霉的发酵过程代替传统酶制剂酶解过程对成分复杂的鱼原料进行处理,不仅降低了酶制剂的投入成本,更重要的是为后续的热反应提供了更为丰富的原料来源,使反应物的香气更加丰富饱满。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实例对本发明的技术方案做进一步的说明。
实施例1:
取鱿鱼皮100g,加入纯净水100g,蔗糖20g,用匀浆机匀浆,高压灭菌,冷却后加入0.02g米曲霉,于30℃、200rpm条件下发酵48h,灭菌后用80目筛过滤,滤液为鱿鱼发酵液;
取鱿鱼发酵液100g,加入L-半胱氨酸5g、L-脯氨酸1g、甘氨酸2g、谷氨酸2g、天冬氨酸1g、酵母粉0.5g、硫胺素1g、鱿鱼油1g、葡萄糖12g、甘油300g,搅拌使均匀,调整pH至6.0,在100℃反应4h,冷却至室温,得到烤鱿鱼反应物;
取烤鱿鱼反应物100g,加入盐8g、味精2g、I+G0.5g、鱿鱼香基1g、变性淀粉3g,混合均匀后过胶体磨得膏状烤鱿鱼香精。
实施例2:
取鱿鱼皮100g,加入纯净水200g,蔗糖25g,用匀浆机匀浆,高压灭菌,冷却后加入0.03g米曲霉,于30℃、200rpm条件下发酵48h,灭菌后用80目筛过滤,滤液为鱿鱼发酵液;
取鱿鱼发酵液100g,加入L-半胱氨酸3g、L-脯氨酸3g、甘氨酸2g、谷氨酸3g、天冬氨酸2g、酵母粉0.6g、硫胺素3g、鱿鱼油2g、木糖15g、丙二醇500g,搅拌使均匀,调整pH至7.5,在95℃反应8h,冷却至室温,得到烤鱿鱼反应物;
取烤鱿鱼反应物100g,加入盐9g、味精3g、I+G0.8g、鱿鱼香基2g、变性淀粉4g,混合均匀后过胶体磨得膏状烤鱿鱼香精。
实施例3:
取鱿鱼皮100g,加入纯净水200g,蔗糖30g,用匀浆机匀浆,高压灭菌,冷却后加入0.1g米曲霉,于30℃、200rpm条件下发酵24h,灭菌后用80目筛过滤,滤液为鱿鱼发酵液;
取鱿鱼发酵液100g,加入L-半胱氨酸10g、L-脯氨酸2g、甘氨酸3g、谷氨酸1g、天冬氨酸1g、酵母粉0.5g、硫胺素2g、鱿鱼油3g、葡萄糖5g、木糖5g、果糖10g、甘油300g,搅拌使均匀,调整pH至7.0,在120℃反应4h,冷却至室温,得到烤鱿鱼反应物;
取烤鱿鱼反应物100g,加入盐10g、味精3g、I+G0.6g、鱿鱼香基2g、变性淀粉3g,混合均匀后过胶体磨得膏状烤鱿鱼香精。
Claims (2)
1.一种烤鱿鱼香精的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
A.制备鱿鱼发酵液:取鱿鱼皮100份,加入纯净水50~500份,蔗糖10~50份,用匀浆机匀浆,高压灭菌,冷却后加入0.01~0.1份米曲霉,于30℃、200rpm条件下发酵24~72h,灭菌后用80目筛过滤,滤液为鱿鱼发酵液;
B.制备烤鱿鱼反应物:取鱿鱼发酵液100份,加入混合氨基酸10~20份、酵母粉0.5~1份、硫胺素1~5份、鱿鱼油1~5份、还原糖10~20份、溶剂200~500份,搅拌使均匀,调整pH至5.0~7.5,在95~140℃反应1~8h,冷却至室温,得到烤鱿鱼反应物;
所述的混合氨基酸是L-半胱氨酸、L-脯氨酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸组成的混合物;
所述的溶剂是丙二醇和甘油中的一种或二种组成的混合物;
C.制备烤鱿鱼香精:取烤鱿鱼反应物100份,加入盐8~10份、味精2~5份、I+G0.5~1份、鱿鱼香基1~2份、变性淀粉3~5份,混合均匀后过胶体磨得膏状烤鱿鱼香精。
2.根据权利要求1所述的烤鱿鱼香精的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的还原糖是葡萄糖,果糖,麦芽糖,乳糖、木糖和阿拉伯糖的一种或其混合物。
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