CN104220609A - 高强度无晶隙低密度钢及所述钢的制备方法 - Google Patents

高强度无晶隙低密度钢及所述钢的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104220609A
CN104220609A CN201380019217.0A CN201380019217A CN104220609A CN 104220609 A CN104220609 A CN 104220609A CN 201380019217 A CN201380019217 A CN 201380019217A CN 104220609 A CN104220609 A CN 104220609A
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刘成
R·拉娜
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Tata Steel Nederland Technology BV
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高强度无晶隙低密度钢及所述钢的制备方法。

Description

高强度无晶隙低密度钢及所述钢的制备方法
本发明涉及高强度无晶隙低密度钢及所述钢的制备方法。
在减少车辆的碳排放的持续努力中，钢铁行业连同汽车制造商持续寻求允许重量降低而不影响钢的加工性能和乘客的安全性的钢。为了满足未来的CO2排放要求，必须减少机动车的燃料消耗。为了这种减少的一种方法是降低车体的重量。具有低密度和高强度的钢可以有助于此。在相同厚度下，低密度钢的使用降低汽车部件的重量。伴随着已知高强度钢的一个问题是它们的高强度损害了在片材成形为汽车部件过程中材料的可成形性。
普通高强度钢例如双相钢，允许使用较薄的片材并且因此降低重量。但是，较薄的零件将对其它性质例如刚度、防撞性和抗凹陷性产生负面影响。这些负面影响只能通过增加钢的厚度来解决，这从而否定了降低厚度(downgauging)的效果，或通过改变部件的几何形状来解决，这也是不希望的。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种低密度钢，其在成品部件中具有高强度，并结合具有优良的可成形性。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种在成形后具有优良的表面品质的高强度钢。
可以通过提供一种无晶隙铁素体钢带材或片材来实现这些目的中的一个或多个，所述的无晶隙铁素体钢带材或片材以重量百分比计包括：
·最多0.01％C_总量；
·最多0.2％Si；
·最多1.0％Mn；
·从6到最多9％的Al；
·最多0.010％N；
·最多0.080％Ti；
·最多0.080％Nb；
·最多0.1％Zr；
·最多0.1％V；
·最多0.01％S；
·最多0.1％P；
·最多0.01％B；
·余量为铁和不可避免的杂质；
其中C_总量<＝最小值[X,Y]
            +最大值[Z,0]
            +12/93*Nb
            +12/91*Zr
            +12/51*V；
其中
·X＝2*12/(2*32)*S；
·Y＝2*12/(4*48)*(Ti-48/14*N)；
·Z＝12/48*(Ti-48/14*N-4*48/(2*32)*S)；
其中，
最小值[X,Y]＝X和Y的较低值，并且如果Y是负数，那么最小值[X,Y]＝0；
最大值[Z,0]＝0和Z的较高值；
其中C_溶质＝C_总量
           -最小值[X,Y]
           -最大值[Z,0]
           -12/93*Nb
           -12/91*Zr
           -12/51*V；
并且其中C_溶质<＝0。
所有组分百分比均以重量百分比计，除非另有说明。C_总量是钢中的总碳含量。根据本发明的钢具有特制的化学组成，从而消除固溶体中的碳(C_溶质)和固溶体中的氮。将这种在固溶体中不具有碳或氮的钢称为无晶隙钢。这种无晶隙钢是抗应变时效的，在将片材成形成汽车部件过程中不形成所谓的Lüders线并且具有高的可成形性。其中C_溶质为负数的情况表明存在过量的结合碳的元素，并且实际上固溶体中游离碳的量(＝C_溶质)为零。
为了避免任何不清楚，应注意以下内容：
X＝2*12/(2*32)*S还可以写成X＝2*((12/(2*32))*S)；
Y＝2*12/(4*48)*(Ti-48/14*N)还可以写成Y＝2*(12/(4*48)*(Ti-((48/14)*N))
Z＝12/48*(Ti-48/14*N-4*48/(2*32)*S)还可以写成Z＝(12/48)*(Ti–(48/14*N)–((4*48/(2*32))*S))
93、91和51分别是Nb、Zr和V的原子质量，并且12是C的原子质量。使用比率12/93、12/91和12/51来计算多少碳被Nb、Zr或V消耗为碳化物，并且因此(例如)12/93*Nb的比率必须读作(12/93)*Nb。图1显示了基于来自JP2005－120399的现有技术钢CA的计算实例。
钛作为合金化元素或作为不可避免的杂质将首先形成TiN。如果存在过量的氮，那么残留的氮将与铝结合。如果存在过量的钛，那么残留的钛将形成Ti4C2S2。在形成TiN和Ti4C2S2后，残留的Ti将形成TiC。最小值[X,Y]因子计算了在将所有游离氮结合为TiN以后通过形成Ti4C2S2消耗了多少碳。如果对于Y该计算导致负值，那么将该因子设置为零。最大值[Z,0]因子计算了通过形成TiC消耗了多少碳。
如果完全不存在钛，那么将不会形成TiN或Ti4C2S2或TiC并且最小值[X,Y]和最大值[Z，0]等于零。
其它三个因子考虑了NbC、ZrC和VC的形成，并且由此连同最小值[X,Y]因子和最大值[Z,0]因子一起确定钢中溶质碳的量。
通过不添加或仅添加少量的钛和/或指定量的Nb，将消除溶质碳。
本发明人发现，为了制备无晶隙钢，应将所有碳和氮与碳化物和氮化物形成元素结合。
JP2005－120399公开了一种钢，其具有0.0015％C、0.05％Si、0.45％Mn、0.008％P、7.5％Al和0.005％N，余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。图1显示根据这种钢的发明的C_溶质的计算，发现C_溶质为0.0015，因为不存在结合碳的元素，如Nb、Zr或V。C_溶质因此不等于或小于零，相反其大于零。在两种情况下最小值[X,Y]和最大值[Z,0]均产生零值。
总碳(C_总量)优选为至多0.005％，并且更优选至多0.004％且甚至更优选至多0.003％。总碳越低，需要的碳化物形成元素的量越小。然而，较低的C_总量变得越来越难以实现，因此在用于将碳含量降低至较低值的成本与用于消除固溶体中的碳而需要添加的昂贵的碳化物形成元素的量之间存在平衡。
氮，尤其是游离氮(即固溶体中的氮)在炼钢中不需要但不可避免。因此应将其保持尽可能地低以减少用于使钢基体不含游离氮而需要的结合氮的元素的量并且减少基体中氮化物的量，因为一些氮化物特别是氮化钛的形状被认为是不需要的。因此，本发明人发现50ppm的最大值是优选的。优选地，氮含量为至多40ppm，并且更优选地氮含量为至多30ppm。
Ti的添加有益于结合氮，但不是严格必要的。钛不论作为合金化元素或还是作为不可避免的杂质将首先形成TiN。如果存在过量的氮，那么残留的氮将与铝结合。然而，钢中大量的铝也可以确保结合所有氮。这意味着该基体在固溶体中基本上不含氮。TiN是立方硬质析出物并且可形成裂纹萌生。因此，优选将钛的量保持尽可能地低以防止TiN析出物不需要的影响。可向该钢添加最多0.08％Ti，以将氮结合为TiN并且控制溶质碳的量。
在一个实施方案中，钛含量为0.019％或更低，例如至多0.018％或0.015％或甚至至多0.012％。如上文所描述的，对于一些应用可优选限制TiN析出物的量。特别但非仅有的是，优选低钛含量与低氮含量组合。如果钛的量不足以结合所有氮，那么钢中的铝将取而代之并且将氮结合为氮化铝。
向高强度晶隙钢添加硼以降低冷加工脆化和/或有助于强度。
根据一个实施方案，根据本发明的铁素体钢的组成具有基本组成：
·最多0.2％Si；
·最多1.0％Mn；
·从6到最多9％的Al；
·最多0.010％N；
·最多0.08％Nb；
·最多0.1％Zr；
·最多0.1％V；
·最多0.01％S；
·最多0.1％P；
·最多0.01％B；
·余量为铁和不可避免的杂质；
在这个实施方案中，没有将钛作为合金化元素添加至该钢并且以痕量存在的任何钛是由炼钢过程所致的不可避免的杂质。这个实施方案覆盖了其中将TiN颗粒的量保持为最少的情况。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，锰含量为至少0.1％。在另一个实施方案中，铝含量为至少6％和/或至多9％，优选至多8.5％。优选地，铝含量为至少6.5％和/或至多8.0％。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，硅含量为至多0.05％。在退火过程期间硅可在钢表面上偏析以形成纳米尺寸的氧化物。因为这些氧化物显示与液体锌差的润湿性，所以在将它们热浸镀锌后在这样的钢表面上有时发现未涂覆(裸露)的点。因此，例如对于这些应用优选将硅含量限制为至多0.05％。
根据前述权利要求任一项的钢，其中该钢的比密度为6800－7300kg/m3。由于添加铝，降低了该钢的比密度。
优选对该钢进行钙处理。因此，化学组成还可以包含与钙处理一致的量的钙。
在根据本发明的钢中，通过添加微合金化元素(Ti、Nb、V、Zr)结合在该钢中总碳含量的优良控制来控制固溶体中的碳量。
Ti或Nb的量应该严格控制。太多的钛或铌将增加成本并且太少的钛或铌不能将所有的氮和碳结合成氮化物和碳化物。
如果作为合金化元素添加钛，那么对于钛含量合适的最小值为0.005％。对于Nb合适的最小值为0.004％。对于V和Zr合适的最小值分别为0.002％和0.004％。
根据第二方面，提供了一种用于制备无晶隙铁素体钢带材的方法，其包括步骤：
·通过以下方式提供钢板坯或厚带材：
○连铸，或
○通过薄板坯连铸，或
○通过带式连铸，或
○通过带坯连铸；
·任选地随后通过在至多1250℃的再加热温度下再加热该钢板坯或带材；
·热轧该板坯或厚带材并且在至少850℃的热终轧温度下完成热轧过程；
·在500－750℃的卷绕温度下卷绕该热轧带材。
在优选的实施方案中，该卷绕温度为至少600℃和/或该热终轧温度为至少900℃。
随后可以在包括下述步骤的方法中进一步处理该热轧带材：
·以40－90％的冷轧压下量冷轧该热轧带材以制备冷轧带材；
·在700－900℃的峰值金属温度下的连续退火过程中或在650－800℃的炉顶温度下的分批退火过程中退火该冷轧带材；
·任选地在热浸镀锌或电镀锌或加热涂覆(heat-to-coat)过程中将该退火的带材镀锌。
在冷轧步骤前通常酸洗和清洗该热轧带材。在一个实施方案中，连续退火过程中的峰值金属温度为至少750℃，优选至少800℃。
在一个实施方案中，该冷轧压下量为至少50％。
在一个实施方案中，该冷轧带材的厚度为0.4－2mm。
现在通过下述的非限制性实施例进一步解释本发明。
将钢制备和处理成厚度为1mm的冷轧钢片材。该冷轧带材的厚度为3.0mm。在表1中给出了该钢的化学组成。
表1—以1/1000wt.％计的化学组成(除了Al以wt.％计)(I＝发明，R＝参比)(tr＝痕量，不可避免的杂质，C_溶质＝固溶体中的碳)。
钢 C Al Mn Si P N Ti Nb Zr V S B C_溶质
1 2.5 8.0 220 10 1 4 45 tr tr tr 4 1.5 0.000 I
2 3 7.0 220 10 1 3 15 25 tr tr 4 tr 0.000 I
3 3 8.0 210 10 1 3 12 25 tr tr 4 1.5 0.000 I
4 3 7.0 220 10 1 3 tr 30 tr tr 4 1.5 0.000 I
5 4 7.5 200 10 1 4 15 tr tr 20 4 tr 0.000 I
6 4 7.0 210 10 1 3 15 tr 30 tr 4 tr 0.000 I
7 40.05 700 220 90 3 45 tr tr tr 5 tr 0.000 R
8 10 7.0 200 10 1 3 15 25 tr tr 5 1.5 6.2 R
通过铸造板坯和在至多1250℃的温度下再加热该板坯来制备该钢。这个温度是最高温度，因为在更高的再加热温度下可发生过度的晶粒生长。在热轧过程中的终轧温度为900℃，卷绕温度700℃，接着酸洗和冷轧(67％)并且在800℃的峰值金属温度下连续退火以及热浸镀锌。
表2—机械性质(NA＝自然时效)

Claims (15)

1.无晶隙铁素体钢带材或片材，以重量百分比计包括：
·最多0.01％C_总量；
·最多0.2％Si；
·最多1.0％Mn；
·从6到最多9％的Al；
·最多0.010％N；
·最多0.080％Ti；
·最多0.080％Nb；
·最多0.1％Zr；
·最多0.1％V；
·最多0.01％S；
·最多0.1％P；
·最多0.01％B；
·余量为铁和不可避免的杂质；
其中C_总量<＝最小值[X,Y]
          +最大值[Z,0]
          +12/93*Nb
          +12/91*Zr
          +12/51*V；
其中
X＝2*12/(2*32)*S；
Y＝2*12/(4*48)*(Ti-48/14*N)；
Z＝12/48*(Ti-48/14*N-4*48/(2*32)*S)；
其中，
最小值[X,Y]＝X和Y的较低值，并且如果Y是负数，那么最小值[X,Y]＝0；
最大值[Z,0]＝0和Z的较高值；
其中C_溶质＝C_总量
          -最小值[X,Y]
          -最大值[Z,0]
          -12/93*Nb
          -12/91*Zr
          -12/51*V；
并且其中C_溶质等于或小于零。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钢，其包括至多0.019％钛。
3.根据权利要求1所述的钢，其中该钢包括仅作为不可避免的杂质的钛。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的钢，其中Al为至少6.5％和/或至多8.5％。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的钢，其中N为至多0.004％(40ppm),优选至多0.003％(30ppm)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的钢，其中Mn为至少0.1％和/或Si为至多0.05％。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的钢，其中该钢的比密度为6800－7300kg/m3。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的钢，其中该钢为冷轧钢片材。
9.制备铁素体钢带材的方法，包括步骤：
·通过以下方式提供钢板坯或厚带材，任选地进行钙处理：
·连铸，或
·通过薄板坯连铸，或
·通过带式连铸，或
·通过带坯连铸；
该钢以重量百分比计包括：
·最多0.01％C_总量；
·最多0.2％Si；
·最多1.0％Mn；
·从6到最多9％的Al；
·最多0.010％N；
·最多0.080％Ti；
·最多0.080％Nb；
·最多0.1％Zr；
·最多0.1％V；
·最多0.01％S；
·最多0.1％P；
·最多0.01％B；
·余量为铁和不可避免的杂质；
其中C_总量<＝最小值[X,Y]
          +最大值[Z,0]
          +12/93*Nb
          +12/91*Zr
          +12/51*V；
其中
X＝2*12/(2*32)*S；
Y＝2*12/(4*48)*(Ti-48/14*N)；
Z＝12/48*(Ti-48/14*N-4*48/(2*32)*S)；
其中，
最小值[X,Y]＝X和Y的较低值，并且如果Y是负数，那么最小值[X,Y]＝0；
最大值[Z,0]＝0和Z的较高值；
C_溶质＝C_总量
          -最小值[X,Y]
          -最大值[Z,0]
          -12/93*Nb
          -12/91*Zr
          -12/51*V；
并且其中C_溶质等于或小于零；
·任选地随后通过在至多1250℃的再加热温度下再加热该钢板坯或带材；
·热轧该板坯或厚带材并且在至少850℃的热终轧温度下完成热轧过程；
·在600－750℃的卷绕温度下卷绕该热轧带材。
10.根据权利要求9的方法，其中该钢包括至多0.019％钛。
11.根据权利要求9的方法，其中该钢包括仅作为不可避免的杂质的钛。
12.根据权利要求9－11中任一项所述的方法，其中在下述步骤中再加热该热轧带材：
·连续退火步骤，任选随后热浸镀锌接着快冷，或
·加热涂覆步骤，随后热浸镀锌和快冷。
13.根据权利要求9－11中任一项所述的方法，包括步骤：
·以40－90％的冷轧压下量冷轧权利要求9或10所述的热轧铁素体钢带材以制备冷轧带材；
·在具有700－900℃的峰值金属温度的连续退火过程中或在650－800℃的炉顶温度下的分批退火过程中退火该冷轧带材；
·任选地在热浸镀锌或电镀锌或加热涂覆过程中将该退火的带材镀锌。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中在连续退火过程中的峰值金属温度为至少750℃，优选为至少800℃。
15.根据权利要求9－14中任一项所述的方法，其中冷轧压下量为至少50％，和/或冷轧带材的厚度为0.4－2mm。
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