CN104220238B - 通过使用激光进行熔接的密封容器和盖的方法 - Google Patents

通过使用激光进行熔接的密封容器和盖的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104220238B
CN104220238B CN201380017519.4A CN201380017519A CN104220238B CN 104220238 B CN104220238 B CN 104220238B CN 201380017519 A CN201380017519 A CN 201380017519A CN 104220238 B CN104220238 B CN 104220238B
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laser
lid
container
thermoplastic resin
laser beam
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CN104220238A (zh
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泽田诚
筱崎清隆
品川喜昭
山崎洵
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Toyo Seikan Group Holdings Ltd
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Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1677—Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/242—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
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    • B29C66/24221—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being circular, oval or elliptical being circular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/3022—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30223—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined said melt initiators being rib-like
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/542—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining hollow covers or hollow bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/545—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles one hollow-preform being placed inside the other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/65—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/733—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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Abstract

在使用激光焊接密封容器和盖的方法中，容器和盖中的一方由可使激光透过的热塑性树脂得到，而另一方由包括吸收激光并发热的发热物质的热塑性树脂的树脂组合物得到。激光能够照射具有均匀强度分布的矩形束。在盖和容器的焊接界面处由于激光照射而升高的温度的上限在从热塑性树脂的熔点到小于热分解起始温度的范围。通过使用激光焊接的密封，使得在加热时间t(msec)到达上限温度，加热时间t(msec)由公式t(msec)＝L/S表示，其中L是矩形束在扫描方向上的长度(mm)，S是1.65mm/msec或更小的激光扫描速度(mm/msec)，容器和盖能够在短时间内可靠地密封，而不会引起构成容器和盖的树脂的发泡等情况。

Description

通过使用激光进行熔接的密封容器和盖的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及通过使用激光进行熔接来密封由热塑性树脂制成的容器和盖的方法。更具体地，本发明涉及一种能够在短时间内可靠地密封容器和盖的通过激光进行的熔接的方法。
背景技术
作为密封容器与盖的方法，通常可以是例如通过将粘合剂应用于容器与盖的接触表面的粘合方法，和利用可热封树脂形成容器与盖的接触表面、并通过熔接可热封树脂得到密封的技术。通过热封的熔接是简单的方法并通常已被广泛使用。
然而，通过热封的熔接对于熔接的步骤和对于随后的冷却步骤需要较长时间，从生产率的观点来看并不令人满意。此外，热封系统通常使用通用热封条，并且使热量从熔接部的外表面传导到密封面是必要的，因此，当处理厚容器时，需要较长时间来传导热量。因此，为了防止生产率的下降，对厚度进行限制，因此这引起在设计容器和盖形状时只允许较低的自由度的问题。此外，需要预定的时间，直到热封部冷却并且被完全密封。因此，当容器包含具有自生压力的内容物时或当内容物被热填充时，归因于密封的热量而膨胀的上部空间的气体可能逸出熔融状态的密封部，密封可能被剥离。
另一方面，对于熔接诸如容器和盖等的包装体的构件的方法，此前已知通过激光进行熔接。例如，专利文献1提出了通过使用激光进行熔接，将底盖和上盖熔接到容器主体作为单一结构的技术。在通过使用激光进行熔接将包装体的各部分熔接时，密封面可以被熔接而不被构件的厚度过多限制，因此，与热封的情况相比，缩短了熔接所需的时间。
本发明人还提出了一种熔接的方法，通过构造能够将诸如容器和盖等的包装体的构件压在彼此上的自加压机构，使得能在不需要通过使用外部加压机构固定熔接部的情况下得到使用激光进行的熔接，并且即使密封相对厚的包装体的构件也能保持高速和稳定性地密封(专利文献2)。
现有技术文献：
专利文献：
专利文献1：日本特开2000-128166号公报
专利文献2：日本特开2008-207358号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
如上所述，与基于传统的通过热封的熔接相比，容器和盖由激光在更短时间内且更有效率地通过熔接密封。然而，即使当容器和盖要通过使用激光进行熔接来密封时，仍需要在短时间内熔接容器和盖以进一步改善生产效率。
为了进一步改善通过使用激光进行熔接的生产率，能够设法增加激光扫描速度和增加激光输出以在短时间内利用照射可靠地得到熔接。然而，通过激光进行的熔接较大地受到待加热的树脂的性能影响。因此，简单增加激光输出仅产生局部的和过度的热量，因此，引起树脂热分解，导致诸如树脂发泡等问题发生，因此，使得难以在短时间内得到可靠的密封。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种通过使用激光进行熔接的方法，其能够在短时间内可靠地密封容器和盖，而不在树脂中产生发泡等情况。
用于解决问题的方案
根据本发明，提供了一种通过使用激光进行熔接的密封容器和盖的方法，其中
所述容器和所述盖中的一方包括能够透射激光束的热塑性树脂，所述容器和所述盖中的另一方包括包含吸收所述激光束后发热的发热物质的热塑性树脂的树脂组合物，所述激光束能够照射具有均匀强度分布的矩形束，
在所述容器与所述盖之间的熔接界面，由照射激光束引起的升高的温度的上限在如下范围：不低于所述热塑性树脂的熔点但低于所述热塑性树脂的热分解起始温度，以及
所述温度在由以下公式(1)表示的加热时间t到达所述上限，
t＝L/S---(1)
其中，t的单位是msec，L是矩形束在扫描方向上的长度，其单位为mm，S是不高于1.65mm/msec的激光扫描速度，其单位为mm/msec。
在本发明的密封方法中，希望：
1.所述热塑性树脂是苯乙烯树脂、烯烃树脂和聚酯树脂中的任一种。
2.所述容器具有凸缘部并且所述容器在所述凸缘部处通过激光熔接到所述盖。
3.所述容器包括能够透射激光束的热塑性树脂，并且所述盖包括包含吸收所述激光束后发热的发热物质的热塑性树脂的树脂组合物。
4.所述激光扫描速度为1.40mm/msec至1.65mm/msec。
发明的效果
本发明的密封方法使用能够施加均匀强度分布的矩形束的激光束(下文常简称为“矩形激光束”)，使得能够比一般圆点激光更有效地施加激光束，因此能够在短时间内可靠地得到熔接，而不会引起树脂过热。
也就是说，当容器和盖要通过激光熔接在一起时，激光束应当沿容器的开口部圆形地扫描。因此，本发明使用在扫描方向上具有长度L的矩形激光束，这使得与增大一般点激光的直径相比，能够在不浪费能量的情况下增大激光扫描速度，因此能够在保持高达1.65mm/msec的最大扫描速度的情况下，通过使用激光进行熔接来密封容器和盖。
此外，在本发明中，在热塑性树脂与包含吸收激光束后产生热量的发热物质的热塑性树脂的树脂组合物(“激光束吸收树脂组合物”)之间的熔接界面，上限温度设为在如下范围：不低于允许激光束穿过的热塑性树脂(以下常称为“激光束透射热塑性树脂”)的熔点但低于该热塑性树脂的热分解起始温度。这使得能够在可靠地不会引起激光束吸收树脂组合物发泡的情况下，在短时间内可靠地将容器和盖熔接在一起。
此外，在本发明中，激光束透射热塑性树脂和激光束吸收树脂组合物采用使熔接能够在其界面有效地执行的同种热塑性树脂。
附图说明
图1是示出了当容器由聚丙烯制成且盖由包含1000ppm碳黑的聚丙烯的激光束吸收热塑性树脂组合物制成时，密封界面的温度与加热时间之间的关系的图。
图2是图示了容器和盖在凸缘部处的通过激光进行的熔接的图。
图3是图示了容器和盖在其侧面的通过激光进行的熔接的图。
具体实施方式
通过激光进行的熔接基于包含在激光束吸收热塑性树脂组合物中的发热物质吸收激光束并产生热量。然后热量被传导以使热塑性树脂熔融，引起密封界面被熔接。然而，在这里，热量传导需要预定的时间并且该热量引起激光束透射热塑性树脂的温度升高的延时。因此，如果仅为了缩短熔接的时间而试图增加激光输出，那么激光束吸收热塑性树脂组合物将过热并发泡，这对缩短熔接的时间施加了限制。
根据本发明的通过使用激光进行熔接的密封方法，重要的特征在于在扫描方向上具有预定长度L的矩形激光束的使用，以在短时间内在密封界面可靠地得到熔接而不引起激光束吸收热塑性树脂组合物过热，以及在于在熔接时通过激光使容器与盖之间的密封界面的温度升高到如下范围：不低于构成容器和盖的热塑性树脂的熔点，但低于该热塑性树脂的热分解起始温度。
也就是说，通过例如根据使用的激光输出分三个阶段改变激光施加时间，试验性地测量形成容器和盖的激光束透射热塑性树脂和激光束吸收热塑性树脂组合物的温度，计算出温度系数，从而计算出与激光施加时间对应的树脂温度。即，如图1所示，能够得到将激光束透射热塑性树脂和激光束吸收热塑性树脂组合物加热到不低于热塑性树脂的熔点但低于该热塑性树脂的热分解起始温度的温度所需要的加热时间t1(msec)。加热时间是在激光扫描的方向上每单位长度(mm)施加激光束的时间。因此，当使用在激光扫描的方向上具有长度L(mm)的矩形激光束时，加热时间t1通过前面提到的公式(1)表示。
因此，根据本发明，矩形激光束的长度L或扫描速度被设置成上述公式(1)表示的加热时间t变得在加热时间t1之上，使得能在不引起激光束吸收树脂组合物发泡的情况下，在短时间内可靠地将容器和盖熔接在一起。
(激光束透射热塑性树脂)
在本发明中，希望激光束透射热塑性树脂是具有不小于70％、特别是不小于80％的激光束透射因数的热塑性树脂。能够通过使用分光光度计测量得到激光透射因数，光的透射因数对应于所用的激光束的波长。
尽管使用相同的热塑性树脂，但是激光束透射因数根据热塑性树脂的厚度而不同。因此，在本发明中，不小于70％的透射因数对应于当厚度在稍后描述的范围内时的透射因数。
对于热塑性树脂，希望使用诸如耐冲击性聚苯乙烯等的苯乙烯树脂；诸如低密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯和高密度聚乙烯、等规立构聚丙烯、丙烯·乙烯共聚物、聚丁烯-1、乙烯·丙烯共聚物、乙烯·丁烯-1共聚物、丙烯·丁烯-1共聚物和乙烯·丙烯·丁烯-1共聚物等的烯烃树脂；和诸如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯等的聚酯树脂，这些热塑性树脂此前已被用于包装容器。特别地，从热塑性树脂必须被激光束吸收树脂组合物中产生的热量容易地熔融的观点来看，希望使用具有不高于250℃的熔点的热塑性树脂，因为这种热塑性树脂能够被容易地熔融，特别地，希望使用聚乙烯或聚丙烯。
(激光束吸收树脂组合物)
在本发明中，从通过激光束进行熔接的观点来看，希望激光束吸收树脂组合物使用与用于上述激光束透射热塑性树脂的热塑性树脂相同的热塑性树脂。
从激光束透射热塑性树脂能够在密封界面中被容易地熔融的观点来看，在本发明的激光束吸收树脂组合物中，希望树脂组合物均匀地包含发热物质。对于发热物质，例如可以是诸如铁粉等的氧气吸收剂，和诸如碳黑等的颜料。
虽然可能根据发热物质的种类而不同，但通常在每100重量份数的热塑性树脂中使用0.01-0.30重量份数并且特别是0.05-0.15重量份数的发热物质。
(容器和盖)
本发明的密封容器和盖的方法基于通过激光束的熔接，并且不受容器或盖的形状限制，并可应用于容器和盖的各种结合。
在本发明中，容器和盖中的一方由激光束透射热塑性树脂制成，容器和盖中的另一方由激光束吸收热塑性树脂组合物制成。虽然可以是它们中的一方由激光束吸收热塑性树脂组合物制成，但特别地，希望盖由激光束吸收热塑性树脂组合物制成。
对于容器，具体地例如可以是由单层或多层片材通过诸如真空成型、压空成型或柱塞辅助成型等的热成型制成的杯和托盘，和由拉拔成型形成的有底的杯。然而，特别希望容器是具有凸缘部的杯。在这种情况下，容器和盖在凸缘部通过施加不少于550kpa的压力接触在一起，并通过利用激光束照射熔接在一起。
盖能够根据可以是杯或托盘的容器的形状而采用各种形状，并且可以是平面状的盖、中央内凹的凹盖、或具有从顶板的外周端垂下的裙部的上包盖(over-capped lid)的形式。即，形状可以适宜地变化以适合容器的与盖接触的部分。
这里，可以仅容器或盖的熔接部通过使用激光束吸收热塑性树脂组合物形成。例如，可以仅容器的凸缘部通过使用激光束吸收热塑性树脂组合物形成，而容器的主体部和底部可以通过使用不包含发热构件的激光束透射热塑性树脂形成，或可以具有多层结构。或者可以仅盖的凸缘部通过使用激光束吸收热塑性树脂组合物形成，而盖的中央部可以通过使用激光束透射热塑性树脂形成。
在本发明中，希望在熔接部处的容器和盖的由激光束透射热塑性树脂制成的部分的厚度在0.1mm-2.0mm的范围，特别是在0.5mm-1.2mm的范围。如果由激光束透射热塑性树脂制成的部分的厚度小于上述范围，与如果该厚度在上述范围相比，将变得难以可靠地传导熔接。另一方面，如果该厚度大于上述范围，与如果该厚度在上述范围相比，在正常状况下将变得难以使激光束到达由激光束吸收热塑性树脂组合物制成的部分并使得难以可靠地传导熔接。
此外，希望包括激光束吸收热塑性树脂组合物的部分具有范围为0.1mm-2.0mm的厚度，特别是0.5mm-1.2mm的厚度。如果包括激光束吸收热塑性树脂组合物的部分的厚度小于上述范围，那么与如果该厚度在上述范围相比，将变得难以可靠地传导熔接。此外，即使该厚度增加超过上述范围，仅将导致经济上的缺点。
(密封方法)
在本发明中，利用激光束从包括激光束透射热塑性树脂的构件侧照射容器和盖接触在一起的上述部分，使得激光束吸收热塑性树脂组合物产生热量，从而熔融激光束透射热塑性树脂，因此在容器和盖的接触表面将容器和盖熔接在一起。
在本发明的密封方法中，在容器填充内容物之后，以利用激光束扫描容器和盖的将要密封在一起的部分的方式，沿着容器和盖的将要密封在一起的部分的形状移动(转动)容器或激光振荡器。
在激光束照射中，重要的是容器和盖的接触面紧密地装配(fit)在一起，使得将容器和盖有效地熔接在一起。即，如图2和图3所示，通过使用对容器和盖施压并将二者固定在一起的夹具，将容器和盖紧密地装配在一起，或者通过形成实现使得容器和盖能在其接触面处压在彼此上的位置关系的尺寸和形状的容器和盖，将容器和盖紧密地装配在一起。
图2是图示出了在凸缘部处将激光束透射热塑性树脂的容器和激光束吸收热塑性树脂组合物的盖熔接在一起的密封方法的图。这里，容器包括杯10，杯10具有主体部11、底部12和凸缘部13，盖包括具有中央部22的凹状的成形盖20，中央部22在与容器的凸缘部对应的周缘21的内侧向内凹。
杯10安装并固定在转台30上，以成形盖20的周缘21位于杯10的凸缘部13的方式安装成形盖20。从成形盖20的上方施加加载力P以使杯10的凸缘部13与成形盖20的周缘21在其接触面处紧密地装配在一起。
接下来，随着转台30的转动，利用激光束LB从容器和盖的斜下方向照射容器和盖，以使杯10和成形盖20的接触面熔接在一起以完成密封。
施加激光束的方向不仅限于图2的示例；即，激光束可以基于构成容器和盖的树脂或基于将要熔接的部分而从任何方向施加。
例如，参照图3，沿凹状的成形盖20的侧面23形成突起24，并且通过杯10的内侧面被突起24推挤，形成压力装配部。在这种情况下，可以从容器和盖的侧方施加激光束。此外，在图2的示例中，可以容器由激光束吸收热塑性树脂组合物制成，盖由激光束透射热塑性树脂制成，激光束LB从上方施加。在这种情况下，当然的是，施加激光束侧的构件包括激光束透射热塑性树脂。
对于本发明使用的激光，可以使用此前已通过激光进行熔接的激光，诸如气体激光、固体激光或半导体激光等。在这些激光当中，从小型化设备和成本的观点来看，使用半导体激光可能更有利。
希望激光振荡器具有范围为100W至500W的输出，特别是具有200W至350W的输出。为了高速地得到熔接，可以设法增加激光输出，然而，由于前述的热分解的原因，增加激光输出容易引起激光束吸收热塑性树脂组合物发泡。因此，在本发明中，重要意义在于在将输出抑制在此前已通过激光进行熔接采用的范围的同时，实现高速熔接。
在商业意义上，将要使用的激光基于树脂的透射因数、在吸收激光束后发热的物质的性能、激光振荡器的输出、成本和安全性而确定。
在本发明中，重要的是使用矩形束的激光束，即，在与激光束的轴向垂直的截面上具有矩形形状的激光束。这使得能够在短时间内通过使用激光将容器和盖熔接在一起而实现密封。对于如上所述的矩形束的尺寸，矩形激光束在扫描方向上的长度可以基于使用的热塑性树脂、发热物质及其数量和扫描速度而确定。
此外，希望激光束具有范围在50mm至250mm的焦距，特别是100mm至200mm的焦距。
在本发明中，从高速地得到通过激光进行的熔接的观点来看，希望激光束扫描速度基于激光输出和激光束吸收热塑性树脂组合物的热分解起始温度，被设定为不多于1.65mm/msec，特别是在1.40mm/msec至1.65mm/msec的范围。这里，扫描速度(mm/msec)由密封的长度(mm)和激光施加时间(msec)计算，密封的长度(mm)由容器的开口的直径得到。
实施例
如下所述制备杯型容器和凹形的成形盖。
容器：由450μm厚的聚丙烯(杯的外面侧)/30μm厚的粘合剂层/90μm厚的EVOH(乙烯·乙烯醇共聚物树脂)/30μm厚的粘合剂层/400μm厚的聚丙烯(熔点：160℃)(杯的内面侧)的层构造的树脂片通过真空成形方法而形成，杯型容器具有凸缘、开口部外径为80mm、容积为120ml，杯型容器的侧壁被倒锥化成具有向上增加的直径(锥角约为10°)。
成形盖：碳黑以1000ppm的量添加到聚丙烯树脂(熔点160℃)，通过注射成形将其形成0.7mm厚的凹盖。
杯型容器填充有100g的水。通过在杯型容器的堆叠部处使用保持容器的接收板，以将成形盖推入杯型容器使得成形盖的周部载置在杯型容器的凸缘部上的方式载置并固定杯型容器和成形盖。加载力从上方施加在成形盖的周部，使得杯型容器的凸缘部与成形盖的周缘的接触面上的接触压力不小于800kPa，杯型容器的凸缘部的接触面与成形盖的周部的接触面紧密地装配在一起。接下来，在以420rpm的转速转动转台的同时，将激光束从下方位置以60°的施加角度持续0.15秒施加到相对于杯型容器和成形盖的中心轴线的位置，并评价熔接部的强度。
熔接的条件如下：
激光振荡器：由新日本制铁株式会社高科技研究所制造的半导体(砷化镓)激光器(最大激光输出，330W)；波长，806±10nm；激光输出，300W；激光形状(束的截面)1.5mm×4mm。
激光束施加位置的直径：
激光束振荡时间：0.15sec(接收板以420rpm的转速转动；施加持续1.05圈；扫描速度，1.65mm/msec)
接触面的压力：约800kPa(接触面积，约4cm2；加载力，330N)
熔接的强度基于日本工业标准(JIS)Z0238确定，该标准规定了测试密封软包装和容器方法。此外，基于容器能经受的0.02MPa的内压判断出破裂强度，该内压力是在上述测试方法中将受到高温蒸煮灭菌(retort sterilization)的容器所需的破裂强度。已证实保持了熔接的强度，即使容器中的压力升高到0.1MPa，容器也不会破裂，得到了令人满意的密封性能。此外，树脂不会发泡，从中我们可以得知容器与盖之间的熔接界面的温度通过利用激光束照射而升高到不低于丙烯的熔点但低于丙烯的热分解起始温度的范围。
作为比较例，激光束的形状变为1.5mm×3mm，在相同条件下施加该激光束以进行评价。可以得知树脂的温度在杯型容器侧未充分地升高，未能得到所需的熔接强度和密封性。
为了得到足够程度的熔接强度和密封性，需要接收板以330rpm的转速转动(激光振荡时间，0.19sec；束施加1.05圈；扫描速度，1.30mm/msec)。然而，在这种条件下，树脂沿成形盖的周部发泡。
产业上的可利用性
基于通过激光进行的熔接的本发明的密封方法能够在短时间内将容器和盖可靠地熔接在一起。此外，以能使温度升高到不低于热塑性树脂的熔点但低于该热塑性树脂的热分解起始温度的合适的加热时间得到熔接。在不引起树脂发泡的情况下，可靠地得到了熔接。因此，本发明的密封方法的特征在于出色的密封性能和生产率，并可以有利地用于密封批量生产的产品。
附图标记说明
10 杯
13 凸缘部
20 成形盖
21 周部

Claims (3)

1.一种通过使用激光进行熔接的密封容器和盖的密封方法，其中：
所述容器具有凸缘部并且所述容器在所述凸缘部处通过激光熔接到所述盖，所述容器和所述盖中的一方包括能够透射激光束的激光束透射热塑性树脂，所述容器和所述盖中的另一方包括包含吸收所述激光束后发热的发热物质的热塑性树脂的激光束吸收热塑性树脂组合物，在熔接部处的所述容器和盖的由所述激光束透射热塑性树脂制成的部分的厚度在0.1mm-2.0mm的范围，包括所述激光束吸收热塑性树脂组合物的部分具有范围为0.1mm-2.0mm的厚度，所述激光束能够照射具有均匀强度分布的矩形束，
在所述容器与所述盖之间的熔接界面，由照射激光束引起的升高的温度的上限在如下范围：不低于所述热塑性树脂的熔点但低于所述热塑性树脂的热分解起始温度，以及，激光振荡器具有范围为100W至500W的输出，
所述温度在由以下公式(1)表示的加热时间t到达所述上限，
t＝L/S---(1)
其中，t的单位是msec，L是矩形束在扫描方向上的长度，其单位为mm，S是1.40mm/msec至1.65mm/msec的激光扫描速度，其单位为mm/msec。
2.根据权利要求1所述的密封方法，其特征在于：所述热塑性树脂是烯烃系树脂或聚酯树脂。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的密封方法，其特征在于：所述容器包括能够透射激光束的热塑性树脂，并且所述盖包括包含吸收所述激光束后发热的发热物质的热塑性树脂的树脂组合物。
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