CN104204402B - 可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品及使用方法 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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- E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
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- E21B34/14—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by movement of tools, e.g. sleeve valves operated by pistons or wire line tools
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B2200/00—Special features related to earth drilling for obtaining oil, gas or water
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- Geology (AREA)
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Abstract
一种可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品,包括:能够活动的圆筒形部件,其包括第一区段和轴向分开的第二区段,所述第一区段包括具有第一电活性的第一材料,所述第二区段包括具有第二电活性的第二材料,第一电活性大于第二电活性,第一区段与第二区段电隔离;和固定部件,所述固定部件设置在所述圆筒形部件上,并构造成电接触第一区段或第二区段,所述固定部件包括具有中间电活性的中间材料,所述中间电活性处于第一电活性和第二电活性的中间,所述能够活动的圆筒形部件构造成从第一位置移动到第二位置,在第一位置,所述第一区段设置在所述固定部件上,并与所述固定部件电接触,在第二位置,所述第二区段设置在所述固定部件上并与所述固定部件电接触。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2012年2月13日提交的美国申请号13/371788的优先权,该申请的全部内容在此引入作为参考。
背景技术
某些井下作业需要将多个元件放置在井下环境中,所述元件执行其功能,然后被移除。例如,诸如球/球座组件和压裂塞子这样的元件是用于在钻孔中封堵下面区域以便实施液力压裂工艺(在本领域也被称为“压裂”)以破裂储层岩石的不同区域的井下元件。压裂作业之后,球/球座或塞子接着被移除,以允许尤其是流体流动到破碎岩石或者从破碎岩石流出。
球和/或球座和压裂塞子可以由可腐蚀材料形成,这样不必通过物理操作的方式将它们完整地从井下环境移除。这样,当完成涉及球/球座或压裂塞子的作业完成时,球、球座和/或压裂塞子被溶解掉。否则,这些井下物品可能不得不在钻孔中保持比该作业所需时间更长的时间。
为便于移除,这些元件可以由与周围井下环境反应的材料形成,这样,不必通过例如机械操作物理性地移除它们,而是将它们腐蚀或溶解在井下环境中。为了采用溶解或腐蚀来移除井下元件,人们非常希望开发一种井下物品及其使用方法,借此可以选择性地控制这些元件的溶解或腐蚀和移除。
发明内容
在一示例性实施例中,公开了一种可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品。所述物品包括能够活动的圆筒形部件,所述能够活动的圆筒形部件包括第一区段和轴向分开的第二区段,所述第一区段包括具有第一电活性的第一材料,所述第二区段包括具有第二电活性的第二材料,第一电活性大于第二电活性,第一区段与第二区段电隔离。所述物品还包括设置在所述圆筒形部件上的固定部件,所述固定部件构造成电接触第一区段或第二区段,所述固定部件包括具有中间电活性的中间材料,所述中间电活性介于第一电活性和第二电活性的中间,所述能够活动的圆筒形部件构造成从第一位置移动到第二位置,在第一位置,所述第一区段设置在所述固定部件上,并与所述固定部件电接触,在第二位置,所述第二区段设置在所述固定部件上,并与所述固定部件电接触,其中,在第一位置,第一区段构造成可选择性地溶解,以及其中,在第二位置,所述固定部件构可选择性地溶解。
在另一示例性实施例中,公开了一种移除可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品的方法。该方法包括在井下设置可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品,所述井下物品包括:能够活动的圆筒形部件,其包括第一区段和轴向分开的第二区段,所述第一区段包括具有第一电活性的第一材料,所述第二区段包括具有第二电活性的第二材料,第一电活性大于第二电活性,第一区段与第二区段电隔离;和固定部件,所述固定部件设置在所述圆筒形部件上,所述固定部件构造成电接触第一区段或第二区段,所述固定部件包括具有中间电活性的中间材料,所述中间电活性处于第一电活性和第二电活性的中间,所述能够活动的圆筒形部件构造成从第一位置移动到第二位置,在第一位置,所述第一区段设置在所述固定部件上,并与所述固定部件电接触,在第二位置,所述第二区段设置在所述固定部件上,并与所述固定部件电接触,其中,在第一位置,第一区段构造成可选择性地溶解,以及其中,在第二位置,所述固定部件构造成可选择性地溶解。该方法还包括:当所述能够活动的圆筒形部件位于第一位置时,使可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品暴露于井眼第一流体,在这里,所述第一区段可选择性地溶解。该方法还包括:移动所述能够活动的圆筒形部件至第二位置,并使金属制的可选择性地腐蚀的金属制井下物品暴露于井眼第二流体,在这里,所述固定部件可选择性地溶解。
附图说明
现在参照附图,其中同样的元件在这些附图中标记相同。
图1A是可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品的示例性实施例的横截面视图,在此所公开的可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品包括球、球座和位于第一位置的能够活动的圆筒形套筒;
图1B是图1A中可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品的示例性实施例的横截面视图,在此所公开的能够活动的圆筒形套筒位于第二位置;
图2A是在此所公开的包括塞子、塞子座和位于第一位置的能够活动的管状物品的可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品的示例性实施例的横截面视图;
图2B是图2A中可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品的示例性实施例的横截面视图,在此所公开的能够活动的管状的物品位于第二位置;和
图3是移除可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品的方法的示例性实施例的流程图。
具体实施方式
参见这些附图,尤其是参见图1-3,公开了一种从井眼70移除可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品10的方法100。井眼70可以形成在地层2中,并可以包括水泥套管4。井眼还可以包括一衬管6,所述衬管可以包括多个金属管(管状区段)8。可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品10可以包括任何适合的井下物品,包括各种井下工具或部件。在一个实施例中,可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品10可以包括可选择性地腐蚀的球50和球座52(例如压裂球和互补球座),或可选择性地腐蚀的塞子60和塞子座62(例如压裂塞子和互补塞子座)。物品10构造成在充当电解液的适合的井眼流体72、74中可选择性地溶解。
物品10包括能够活动的部件,例如能够活动的圆筒形部件12,所述能够活动的圆筒形部件包括第一区段14和轴向分开的第二区段16。所述第一区段14包括具有第一电活性的第一材料18。所述第二区段16包括具有第二电活性的第二材料20。第一电活性大于第二电活性,使得第一电活性在作为电解液的给定井眼流体中具有更明显的腐蚀倾向。第一区段14与第二区段16电隔离。电隔离可以通过任何适合的电隔离器22实现。适合的电隔离器可以包括任何适合的电绝缘材料,尤其是电绝缘聚合物或陶瓷或它们的组合。
所述物品10还包括设置在所述能够活动的圆筒形部件12上的固定部件24,或者能够活动的圆筒形部件12可以设置在固定部件24内。能够活动的圆筒形部件12和固定部件24二者都是导电的。所述固定部件24构造成电接触第一区段14或第二区段16,所述固定部件24包括具有中间电活性的中间材料26,所述中间电活性处于第一电活性和第二电活性的中间。所述能够活动的圆筒形部件12构造成能够从第一位置28移动到第二位置30,在第一位置28,所述第一区段14设置在所述固定部件24上,并与所述固定部件24电接触,在第二位置30,所述第二区段16设置在所述固定部件24上,并与所述固定部件24电接触。在第一位置28,第一区段14构造成可选择性地溶解,因为第一材料18比中间材料26电活性更大(即,反应性更大)。在第二位置,所述固定部件24构造成可选择性地溶解,因为中间材料26比第二材料20电活性更大。第一材料18、中间材料26和第二材料20均可以是例如具有在此所述的相应活动能力的活性顺序不同的金属。第一材料18、中间材料26和第二材料20在存在包括电解液、例如盐水、酸液、钻进泥浆等等的井眼流体的情况下彼此接触,正如在此所述的。
参见图1A和图1B,可选择性地腐蚀的物品10可以包括球50和球座52。在一个实施例,球50和球座52中的至少一个包括中间材料26。在该实施例中,当球50和球座52中的至少一个包括中间材料26时,球50和球座52中的另一个可以包括电活性比中间材料26小的另一导电材料。例如,球50可以由中间材料形成,球座可以由电活性更小的材料形成,这样球50构造成被移除,正如在此所述的那样。作为选择,球座52可以由中间材料形成,球可以由电活性更小的材料形成,这样球座52构造成从井眼70移除,正如在此所述的那样,球50可以被允许落到井眼70中的较低部分。在另一个实施例中,球50和球座52二者都可以包括中间材料26,并且都可以构造成从井眼70移除,正如在此所述的那样。
参照图2A和2B,可选择性地腐蚀的物品10可以包括诸如压裂塞子的塞子60或塞子座62。在一个实施例中,塞子60和塞子座62中的至少一个包括中间材料26。在该实施例中,当塞子60和塞子座62中的至少一个包括中间材料26时,塞子或塞子座62中的另一个可以包括电活性比中间材料26低的另一导电材料。例如,塞子60可以由中间材料形成,塞子座62可以由电活性更小的材料形成,这样塞子60构造成被移除,正如在此所述的那样。作为选择,塞子座62可以由中间材料形成,塞子60可以由电活性更小的材料形成,这样塞子座62构造成从井眼70移除,正如在此所述的那样,塞子60可以被允许落到井眼70中的较低部分。在另一个实施例中,塞子60和塞子座62二者都可以包括中间材料26,并且都可以构造成从井眼70移除,正如在此所述的那样。
参见图1A和图1B,在一个实施例中,能够活动的圆筒形部件12可以包括设置在一管状物品42内的滑动套筒40,所述管状物品可在井眼70内轴向向上或向下移动。在另一个实施例中,能够活动的圆筒形部件12可以包括能够活动的管状物品44,该能够活动的管状物品可在井眼70内轴向向上或向下移动,如图2A和2B所示。虽然图2A和2B中示出的能够活动的圆筒形部件12的第一区段14相对于第二区段16沿井身更靠近井口(更靠近地面)布置(图2A),使得能够活动的部件12依照在此所述的方法100向井口方向移动(图1B和2B),但是,应当理解,第一区段14和第二区段16的位置可以倒过来,即第一区段14位于第二区段16的井下方向(远离地面),使得能够活动的部件12依照在此所述的方法100向井下方向移动,如图1A和1B所示。
参见图1A和图1B,在一个实施例中,滑动套筒40包括第一区段14,所述第一区段具有一形状,例如圆筒形环或中空圆筒的形状,该形状构造成抵接球座52的下表面,为了在此所述的目的,它们紧密接触而足以形成其间的电接触。由第一材料18形成的第一区段14紧邻一电隔离器22的下端附着,所述电隔离器的下端可以具有任何适合的形状,例如中空圆筒形状,并且第一区段14可滑动地设置在球座52的中心孔内,并构造成从第一位置28(图1A)移动到第二位置30(图1B)。滑动套筒40还包括第二区段16,所述第二区段具有一形状,例如中空截锥盘的形状,该形状构造成能够密封接合球座52的上承坐表面,为了在此所述的目的,它们能够紧密、密封接触而足以形成其间的电接触,以及在其间密封接触。由第二材料20形成的第二区段16紧邻电隔离器22的上端附着。在第一位置28,第二区段16在存在构造成作为电解液的井眼第一流体72的情况下与球座52电隔离,第一区段14与球座电接触。正如在此所述的那样,在该电解液中,第一材料18构造成比球座52的中间材料26电活性更大,由此在第一位置28保护球座免受腐蚀,第一材料构造成在第一流体72中可选择性地腐蚀或溶解。第一位置28可以,例如,表示制备和构造用于完井作业的井眼区段。第一区段14可以由一偏压部件、例如偏压弹簧31偏压到球座52上。偏压弹簧31可以构造成最后通过适当的井眼流体(例如井眼第二流体74)移除,或者可以构造成其在井眼中的存在基本上不妨碍预定的井眼作业。一旦已经构造好井眼,就可以期望通过将一球50插入到井眼第一流体72中(图1A),并对也构造成充当电解液的井眼第二流体74进行加压(如图1B所示),执行诸如压裂的作业。通过对第二流体74加压,驱动球50进入第二区段16,从而使滑动套筒40滑动到第二位置30,在第二位置,所述第二区段与球座52的表面紧密电接触,这样,可以在球50、第二区段16和球座52之间形成的密封上方的井眼的加压部分中执行井眼作业。第一区段14脱离与球座52的电接触,停止提供在第一位置28所给予的电保护。在第二位置30,球座52和/或球50的中间材料,例如,比第二区段16的第二材料20的电活性更大,从而导致球座52和/或球50腐蚀或溶解,为从井眼最终移除作准备。可以选择中间材料26和第二材料20的绝对和相对电活性,建立用于执行所希望的作业、例如压裂的预定时间间隔,包括用于移除球座52和/或球50的预定时间间隔,正如在此所述的那样。由于球座52支撑球50和滑动套筒40,所以,应当理解,球座52的腐蚀或溶解将导致球50和滑动套筒40被从井眼中的所示部位移除,例如掉落到井眼中的更低部分,比如井眼的底部。
第一材料18可以,例如,包括任何适合的可腐蚀的高反应性金属。在一个实施例中,第一材料是镁,其相对于中间材料26和第二材料20来说为阳极。第一材料18可以包括适用于井下环境的任何材料,只要第一材料18在井下环境中的电活性比中间材料26和第二材料20大。尤其是,第一材料18可以从在此所述的用作中间材料26的材料中选择,只要第一材料18选择成比中间材料26电活性更大即可。
中间材料26可以,例如,包括可腐蚀的中间反应性金属。在一个实施例中,中间材料26包括镁、铝、锰、锌、或它们的合金、或包括上述至少一种的组合。镁合金包括可在腐蚀环境下腐蚀的任何合金,所述腐蚀环境包括那些典型遇到的井下环境,例如包括盐(即盐水)或诸如硫化氢、盐酸或其它腐蚀剂的酸或腐蚀剂的含水环境。适用的镁合金包括含有铝(Al)、镉(Cd)、钙(Ca)、钴(Co)、铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、硅(Si)、银(Ag)、锶(Sr)、钍(Th)、锌(Zn)、锆(Zr)、或包括这些元素中的至少一种的组合的镁合金。尤其有效的合金可以由包括那些由熔合有Al、Ni、W、Co、Cu、Fe、或其它金属的镁制备的镁合金颗粒制备。所包括的合金元素或微量元素的量可以变化,以调整镁的腐蚀速率。例如,这些元素中的四种(镉、钙、银和锌)具有适度减缓对腐蚀速率加速的作用,而另外四种(铜、钴、铁和镍)对腐蚀具有更大的加速作用。包括上述合金元素的不同组合以实现不同的耐腐蚀程度的市场上可买到的示例性镁合金包括但不限于,例如,熔合有铝、锶和锰的那些镁合金,例如AJ62、AJ50x、AJ51x、和AJ52x合金,以及熔合有铝、锌和锰的那些镁合金,包括AZ91A-E合金。
应当明白,可以预期腐蚀速率大于以上示例性合金的合金在本申请中也是有效的。例如,已经发现,当所包含的镍的量小于或等于约0.5%(按重量计),尤其是小于或等于约0.4%(按重量计),更尤其是小于或等于约0.3%(按重量计)时,镍在降低镁合金的耐腐蚀性(即提高腐蚀速率)方面是有效的,从而为该可腐蚀井下物品提供有效的腐蚀速率。以上镁合金可用于形成中间材料26,并且可以通过铸造、锻造和机加工形成所期望的形状和尺寸。
在一个实施例,所述镁或镁合金的粉末可作为粉末压块而用于形成固定部件24。镁合金粉末的颗粒大小大体上为从约50μm到约250μm,更尤其为从约60μm到约140μm。该粉末可利用诸如化学气相沉积、阳极电镀等方法涂覆或者利用诸如冷铣、球磨等的物理方法混合金属或金属氧化物,氮化物或碳化物,例如Al、Ni、W、Co、Cu、Fe、或它们的氧化物、氮化物或碳化物,它们的合金,或者它们的组合。涂层可以具有任何适合的厚度,包括平均厚度为约5nm到约2500nm的纳米级涂层。这种涂层粉末在此被称为受控电解材料(CEM)。接着通过例如利用等静压机在约40ksi到约80ksi(约275MPa到约550MPa)的压力下冷压或压锻,将受控电解材料模制或压缩成所需的形状,然后通过挤压、锻造、烧结、或机加工,以提供具有想要的形状和尺寸的芯。受控电解材料可以包括由例如共同受让的2009年12月8日提交的未决美国专利申请序列号12/633,682、2011年8月30日提交的美国专利申请序列号13/220,824、2011年8月30日提交的美国专利申请序列号13/220,832和2011年8月30日提交的美国专利申请序列号13/220,822中所述的粉末材料形成的多孔纳米基体材料,这些专利申请全部内容在此引入作为参考。
应当明白,镁合金或受控电解材料可以因而具有实现物品的预期性能所需的任何腐蚀速率。在一特定实施例中,使用200℉(93℃)的3%(重量计)KCl水溶液,用来形成固定部件24的镁合金或受控电解材料的腐蚀速率为约0.1mg/cm2/小时到约150mg/cm2/小时,尤其是约1mg/cm2/小时到约15mg/cm2/小时。
在一实施例中,基于例如海水所具有的电活性顺序来说,第二材料20为电活性较小的任何材料(具有比第一材料18和中间材料26低的反应性)。第二材料20可以包括低反应性金属,例如各种钢号的钢、钨、铬、镍、铜、钴、铁、它们的合金、或包括上述至少一种的组合。在一个实施例中,第二材料20在井下环境中基本上是非腐蚀性的或惰性的。在另一个实施例中,第二材料20能够耐腐蚀(由腐蚀性材料产生的腐蚀)。在此所使用的"耐"是指,第二材料没有被所遇到的任何腐蚀性井下条件(即压力大于大气压、温度超过50℃的盐水、硫化氢等等)或与在此所述的物品或方法结合使用的任何井眼流体70刻蚀或腐蚀。
通过选择第一材料和第二材料的反应性,使之腐蚀电势具有更大或更小的差别,高反应性材料(例如高反应性金属)分别以较快或较慢速率腐蚀。通常,对于该电活性顺序中的金属来说,金属顺序从更贵重(即活性小、阴极性更强)到不贵重(即活性大,阳极性更强)包括例如钢、钨、铬、镍、钴、铜、铁、铝、锌、和镁。
当在此所述的不同金属组合在存在电解液的情况下电接触时,电活性大的阳极材料与电活性小的阴极材料之间产生电化学电势。不同金属之间的腐蚀电势差别越大,所产生的电势越大。在这样的配置中,阴极材料被阳极材料保护免受腐蚀,在这里,阳极材料作为牺牲阳极被腐蚀。当固定部件24处于与活性大的第一区段14电接触的第一位置时,可以控制(消除或明显减少)固定部件24在例如盐水及其它电解液中的腐蚀。通过利用电解液电耦合阳极材料和阴极材料,也会产生电势,该电势可用来为井下装置提供动力,例如用于井下信号或感测的装置。
参见图3,可以如在此所公开的一样使用可选择性地腐蚀的物品10,更尤其是依照移除可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品10的方法100使用可选择性地腐蚀的物品10。该方法100包括在井下设置可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品10(步骤110),正如在此所述的井下物品。该方法100还包括:当所述能够活动的圆筒形部件位于第一位置时,使可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品暴露于井眼第一流体72(步骤120),在第一位置,所述第一区段可选择性地溶解。该方法100进一步还包括:使能够活动的圆筒形部件移动到第二位置(步骤130)。该方法100然后包括:使可选择性地腐蚀的金属井下物品暴露于井眼第二流体74(步骤140),在这里,所述固定部件可选择性地溶解掉。
在井下设置可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品10的步骤110可以通过任何适合的方式完成,包括利用线缆、钢丝、管柱等传送到井下。能够活动的圆筒形部件12和固定部件24可以作为独立部件设置在井下,或者作为一组件的一部分一起设置在井下。无论是作为安装的一部分还是在之后,所述能够活动的圆筒形部件12都放置在第一位置28,在该第一位置,所述第一区段14设置在所述固定部件24上,并与所述固定部件电接触。
该方法100还包括:一旦所述第一区段14设置在所述固定部件24上,并与所述固定部件电接触,就使可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品暴露于井眼第一流体72(步骤120),这时,所述能够活动的圆筒形部件位于第一位置,在第一位置,所述第一区段可选择性地被溶解掉。井眼第一流体72可以包括含水或无水电解液,这取决于外界条件的应用和可控性。在井下环境中,控制外界条件除湿是不切实际的,因此,在这样的条件下,电解液通常为含水电解液。含水电解液可以包括水或溶解于水中的盐,例如盐水、或酸,或包括上述至少一个的组合。使可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品10暴露井眼第一流体72的步骤120可以包括:执行一井下作业,例如压裂(fracking)。在暴露步骤120期间,能够活动的圆筒形部件12位于第一位置28,在该位置,所述第一区段14设置在所述固定部件24上,并与所述固定部件电接触。在第一位置28,第一区段14的电活性大的第一材料18充当阳极,被选择性地溶解或腐蚀,而固定部件24的电活性小的中间材料26充当阴极,被有选择地保护免受溶解或腐蚀。能够活动的圆筒形部件12,尤其是第一区段14,以及固定部件24可以为井眼作业设计,它们用来为在将要执行的井下作业期间发生的溶解或腐蚀提供足够的材料。
该方法100进一步还包括:使能够活动的圆筒形部件12移动到第二位置30(步骤130)。在第二位置30,所述第二区段16设置在所述固定部件24上,并与所述固定部件电接触。在第二位置30,因为中间材料26比第二材料20电活性更大,所以固定部件24构造成可选择性地溶解。在第二位置30,固定部件24的电活性大的中间材料26充当阳极,被选择性地溶解或腐蚀,而第二区段16的电活性小的第二材料20充当阴极,被选择性地保护而免受溶解或腐蚀。固定部件24和中间材料26也可以选择并为井眼作业而设计,它们将用来例如提供快速溶解或腐蚀以及快速从井眼70移除。移除固定部件24可以,例如,用来打开井眼,便于随后的井眼作业,例如完井或生产作业。
该方法100然后包括:使可选择性地腐蚀的金属井下物品10暴露于井眼第二流体74步骤140,在这里,所述固定部件24被选择性地溶解。这还可以包括其它部件的选择性溶解,例如球50或塞子60,正如在此所述的那样。井眼第二流体可以是与井眼第一流体72相同的井眼流体。作为替换,井眼第二流体74与井眼第一流体72可以是不同的井眼流体。
在此所公开的所有范围都包括端点在内,端点可以相互独立地组合。在此所使用的术语用来包括其限制的术语的单数和复数,从而包括至少一个该术语(例如,着色剂包括至少一种着色剂)。"任选的"或"任选地"是指随后所述的事件或环境可能发生,也可能不发生,而且本说明书包括事件发生的情况和事件没有发生的情况。在此所使用的"组合"包括掺合物、混合物、合金、反应产物等等。所有引用在此引入作为参考。
在描述本发明的上下文中(特别是在下面权利要求书的上下文中)使用的术语“一”、“一个”、“该”和“所述"”及类似词语应当解释为涵盖单数和复数两者,除非在此另有陈述或者根据上下文明确相反。进一步地,还应当注意,在此术语“第一”、“第二”等等不表示任何次序、数量、或重要程度,而是用来区分不同的元件。与数量结合使用的修饰语"约"包括所述的值,并且具有上下文规定的意思(例如,包括与特定数量的测量相关的误差程度)。
虽然已经显示和描述了一个或多个实施例,但是,在没有背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以对此进行许多修改和替换。因此,应当理解,本发明是通过说明和非限制的方式描述的。
Claims (23)
1.一种可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品,其包括:
能够活动的圆筒形部件,其包括第一区段和轴向分开的第二区段,所述第一区段包括具有第一电活性的第一材料,所述第二区段包括具有第二电活性的第二材料,第一电活性大于第二电活性,第一区段与第二区段电隔离;和
固定部件,所述固定部件设置在所述圆筒形部件上,所述固定部件构造成电接触第一区段或第二区段,所述固定部件包括具有中间电活性的中间材料,所述中间电活性处于第一电活性和第二电活性的中间,所述能够活动的圆筒形部件构造成从第一位置移动到第二位置,在第一位置,所述第一区段设置在所述固定部件上,并与所述固定部件电接触,在第二位置,所述第二区段设置在所述固定部件上,并与所述固定部件电接触,其中,在第一位置,第一区段构造成可选择性地被溶解,以及其中,在第二位置,所述固定部件构造成可选择性地被溶解。
2.如权利要求1所述的物品,其中,所述能够活动的圆筒形部件包括一能够活动的管状物品。
3.如权利要求1所述的物品,其中,所述能够活动的圆筒形部件包括设置在一管状物品内的滑动套筒。
4.如权利要求1所述的物品,其中,第一材料包括镁。
5.如权利要求1所述的物品,其中,第二材料包括钢、钨、铬、镍、铜、钴、铁、或它们的合金、或包括上述至少一种的组合。
6.如权利要求1所述的物品,其中,中间材料包括镁、铝、锰、锌、或它们的合金、或包括上述至少一种的组合。
7.如权利要求1所述的物品,其中,第一区段包括受控电解材料。
8.如权利要求1所述的物品,其中,固定部件包括受控电解材料。
9.如权利要求1所述的物品,其中,固定部件包括球或球座。
10.如权利要求1所述的物品,其中,固定部件包括塞子或塞子座。
11.一种移除可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品的方法,其包括:将可选择性地腐蚀的物品设置在井下,所述物品包括:能够活动的圆筒形部件,其包括第一区段和轴向分开的第二区段,所述第一区段包括具有第一电活性的第一材料,所述第二区段包括具有第二电活性的第二材料,第一电活性大于第二电活性,第一区段与第二区段电隔离;和固定部件,所述固定部件设置在所述圆筒形部件上,所述固定部件构造成电接触第一区段或第二区段,所述固定部件包括具有中间电活性的中间材料,所述中间电活性处于第一电活性和第二电活性的中间,所述能够活动的圆筒形部件构造成从第一位置移动到第二位置,在第一位置,所述第一区段设置在所述固定部件上,并与所述固定部件电接触,在第二位置,所述第二区段设置在所述固定部件上,并与所述固定部件电接触,其中,在第一位置,第一区段构造成可选择性地溶解,以及其中,在第二位置,所述固定部件构造成可选择性地溶解;
当所述能够活动的圆筒形部件位于第一位置时,使可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品暴露于井眼第一流体,在第一位置,所述第一区段可选择性地被溶解;
移动所述能够活动的圆筒形部件至第二位置;和
使金属制的可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品暴露于井眼第二流体,在这里,所述固定部件可选择性地溶解。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中,固定部件可选择性地溶解,足以使之从可选择性地腐蚀的井下物品移除。
13.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中,井眼第一流体和井眼第二流体是相同的流体。
14.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中,井眼第一流体和井眼第二流体是不同的流体。
15.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中,所述能够活动的圆筒形部件包括一能够活动的管状物品。
16.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中,所述能够活动的圆筒形部件包括设置在一管状物品上或设置在一管状物品内的滑动套筒。
17.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中,第一材料包括镁。
18.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中,第二材料包括钢、钨、铬、镍、铜、钴、铁、或它们的合金、或包括上述至少一种的组合。
19.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中,中间材料包括镁、铝、锰、锌、或它们的合金、或包括上述至少一种的组合。
20.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中,第一区段包括受控电解材料。
21.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中,固定部件包括受控电解材料。
22.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中,固定部件包括球或球座。
23.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中,固定部件包括塞子或塞子座。
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AU2013219919B2 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
EP2815066B1 (en) | 2017-09-27 |
BR112014018566A2 (pt) | 2017-06-20 |
EP2815066A1 (en) | 2014-12-24 |
CN104204402A (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
CA2871121A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
BR112014018566A8 (pt) | 2021-02-17 |
BR112014018566B1 (pt) | 2021-08-10 |
CA2871121C (en) | 2017-03-21 |
MY171331A (en) | 2019-10-09 |
US20130206425A1 (en) | 2013-08-15 |
DK2815066T3 (da) | 2017-11-13 |
EP2815066A4 (en) | 2015-11-25 |
NO2922557T3 (zh) | 2018-03-03 |
WO2013122712A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
AU2013219919A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
US9068428B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 |
EP2815066B8 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
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