CN104160905A

CN104160905A - Loquat cultivation method for preventing sunscald and fruit cracking

Info

Publication number: CN104160905A
Application number: CN201410357607.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈俊伟; 孙钧; 朱跃进; 徐红霞; 李晓颖; 王井华
Original assignee: Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2014-07-20
Filing date: 2014-07-20
Publication date: 2014-11-26

Abstract

The invention discloses a loquat cultivation method for preventing sunscald and fruit cracking. The method comprises the following steps of designing fruit bags, adopting waterproof paper double-layer bags for fruit bagging, wherein outer layers of the double-layer bags are white bags, and the inner layers of the double-layer bags are yellow-outside black-inside bags or white bags; during a young fruit period, thinning fruits, removing small fruits, diseased fruits and malformed fruits, reserving 3 to 6 fruits each ear, spraying 70% of 700-800-fold thiophanate methyl after fruit thinning, finishing bagging within five days after the solution is dry, fully plumping up the fruit bags to enable the fruits not to be in contact with the fruit bags during bagging and protecting tomenta on the surfaces of the fruits; clearing up weeds and leveling up the earth's surface within 25 to 30 days before fruit harvesting, forming gradient within a water drip line range of each crown from inside to outside to enable water to flow out easily, and then performing film mulching in the whole garden. The defect that fruit cracking and sunscald cannot be completely prevented by using traditional single-layer paper bags is overcome, moisture penetration is decreased through the film mulching, and the fruits are prevented from absorbing moisture and being irradiated by sunlight through double-layer bagging so as to prevent the sunscald and fruit cracking of loquats.

Description

A kind of loquat is burnt for anti-day, the cultivation method of anti-fruit-cracking

Technical field

The present invention relates to loquat cultivation field, be specifically related to that a kind of loquat anti-day is burnt, the cultivation method of anti-fruit-cracking.

Background technology

Loquat is south China characteristic fruit, and fruit is ripe early summer, because its local flavor is good, soft and succulency is well received by consumers.But the loquat maturing stage adverse weathers such as 30 ℃ of above high temperature and unbroken rainfall of meeting more, high temperature causes burning fruit surface day, chance rain rots; After fruit expanding period and annesl maturing stage chance rain, particularly fine day high temperature, meeting rain will make fruit water suction excessively cause skin crack, produce dehiscent fruit.At present, day burning with dehiscent fruit is to cause the loquat unsettled Main Factors of White Pulp Loquat output that particularly pericarp is thinner.Therefore, be badly in need of a kind of anti-fruit-cracking and day bright method of being suitable for of exploitation.

Tradition anti-fruit-cracking with day burn to be should to be used for realizing by bagging technique.But the loquat to some sand loams in good water permeability or the high soil cultivation of grittiness, because of this class soil good water absorption, still enters fruit because plant sucks excess moisture from soil after bagging, and dehiscent fruit ratio is still very high.In addition, traditional fruit bag is that black single-layer paper bag can not effectively solve a day bright problem in outer Huang, high in illumination, humidity is low, in calm situation, day burn still very high.

Summary of the invention

For addressing the above problem, the invention provides that a kind of loquat anti-day is burnt, the cultivation method of anti-fruit-cracking, overcome conventional sleeve single-layer paper bag anti-fruit-cracking and day bright defect completely, by ground covering with plastic film, reduced moisture and enter and overlap anti-fruit-cracking that double-ply bag protected to realize loquat and day burn.

For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:

Loquat is burnt for anti-day, a cultivation method for anti-fruit-cracking, comprises the steps:

S1, the design of fruit bag, fruit bagging adopts double-ply bag, and the skin of double-ply bag is that white reflection bag, internal layer are black bag or white bag in outer Huang, and material is waterproof papery bag;

S2, at young fruit period, remove fruitlet, sick fruit, malformed fruit, every fringe stays 3-6 fruit, depending on kind.After fruit thinning, spray 70% thiophanate methyl 700-800 times liquid, at liquid, do in latter 5 days and complete bagging, during bagging, fruit bag is fully heaved, fruit is not contacted, protection fruit surface fine hair with fruit bag;

S3, before fruit harvesting 25-30 days, earth's surface leveling, weeds are cleaned out, ditch between furrow is put in order, within the scope of tree crown drip, forming the gradient from inside to outside, current are easily flowed out, is that 2-2.5m mulch film is along the both sides paving of tree by wide cut, middle overlapping cements with waterproof and enters with transparent rubberized fabric, wherein, film needs juxtaposition at furrow ditch place, and waterproof is infiltrated furrow ditch;

Wherein, described young fruit period refers to that fruit diameter is in 1cm, when fine hair does not take off.

Wherein, described fruit bag size is wide 15-17cm, long 22-24cm.

Wherein, described mulch film can be selected silver grey reflective membrane, white gas permeability reflective membrane or black mulch film, for anti-grass is without hyaline membrane.

The present invention has following beneficial effect:

The one, fruit bag changes, and the white reflection of outer bag, inner bag is light tight or increase one deck printing opacity bag than traditional single ply bag or the double-deck yellow bag cooling reflective better effects if of taking shelter from rain.Therefore, anti-ly day burn, the physiological disease effect such as dehiscent fruit than traditional other bag good.

The 2nd, bagging technique is combined with plastic mulching.Plastic mulching can reduce 60-80% rainwater and enter soil, and the dehiscent fruit that substantially suppresses fine day after rain occurs.

Meet bad climate application the present invention, dehiscent fruit rate is below 5%, and employing single ply bag dehiscent fruit is at 50-60%, and bagging dehiscent fruit rate is not more than 80%.Day bright incidence is below 5%, and do not burn peripheral fruit day of bagging 90%, cover burns at 30-40% single ply bag day.In per mu yield 300-500kg, reduce dehiscent fruit, day bright loss 150-200kg, remarkable in economical benefits.

Embodiment

In order to make objects and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.

Embodiment 1

March down to 4 months at the beginning of, to ' soft white sand ' White Pulp Loquat garden, carry out young fruit fruit thinning, remove fruitlet, sick fruit, malformed fruit, every fringe stays 3-6 fruit.After fruit thinning, spray 70% thiophanate methyl 700-800 times liquid or other bactericide, at liquid, do in latter 5 days and complete bagging.During bagging, fruit bag is fully heaved, fruit is not contacted, protection fruit surface fine hair with fruit bag.Fruit bagging adopts double-ply bag, skin white bag, the outer yellow interior black bag of internal layer or white bag, and material is waterproof papery bag.Big or small 15-17 * the 22-24cm of fruit bag.

After bagging three weeks, 25-30 days before fruit maturation, carried out full garden plastic film mulch, mulch film black mulch film.Before covering, earth's surface leveling, weeds are cleaned out, the ditch between furrow is put in order, forms the gradient from inside to outside within the scope of tree crown drip, and current are easily flowed out.Behind whole good ground, by wide cut, be that 2-2.5m mulch film spreads along the both sides of setting, middle overlapping cements with waterproof and enters with transparent rubberized fabric.Film is at furrow ditch place juxtaposition, and waterproof is infiltrated furrow ditch.

After this technology application dehiscent fruit rate with day bright incidence in 5% left and right, and adopt single ply bag dehiscent fruit with day bright production loss about 50-60%, bagging, not spreading production loss be not more than 80%.

Embodiment 2

March down to 4 months at the beginning of, to work as fruit diameter be the Loquat Garden below 1cm in choosing, carries out young fruit fruit thinning, removes fruitlet, sick fruit, malformed fruit, every fringe stays 3-6 fruit.After fruit thinning, spray 70% thiophanate methyl 700-800 times liquid, at liquid, do in latter 5 days and complete bagging.During bagging, fruit bag is fully heaved, fruit is not contacted, protection fruit surface fine hair with fruit bag.Fruit bagging adopts double-ply bag, skin white bag, the outer yellow interior black bag of internal layer, and material is waterproof papery bag.Big or small 15-17 * the 22-24cm of fruit bag.

After bagging three weeks, 25-30 days before fruit maturation, carried out full garden plastic film mulch, and mulch film adopts silver grey reflective membrane or gas permeability reflective membrane.Before covering, earth's surface leveling, weeds are cleaned out, the ditch between furrow is put in order, forms the gradient from inside to outside within the scope of tree crown drip, and current are easily flowed out.Behind whole good ground, by wide cut, be that 2-2.5m mulch film spreads along the both sides of setting, middle overlapping cements with waterproof and enters with transparent rubberized fabric.Film is at furrow ditch place juxtaposition, and waterproof is infiltrated furrow ditch.

After this technology application dehiscent fruit rate with day bright incidence below 5%, and adopt single ply bag dehiscent fruit with day bright production loss about 50-60%, bagging, not spreading production loss be not more than 80%.

In sum, the method that this concrete enforcement adopts the outer white double-ply bag of cover to combine with ground plastic mulching, by mulch film, apply minimizing moisture and enter root system, cover double-ply bag minimizing fruit face absorption moisture with effective anti-loquat dehiscent fruit, by applying double-deck fruit bag effectively isolation fruit face white bag outer with contacting of sunlight being reflective, reduce fruit surface temperature, thereby it is bright to have reduced day of loquat simultaneously.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

Loquat anti-day burn, the cultivation method of anti-fruit-cracking, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:

S1, the design of fruit bag, fruit bagging adopts double-ply bag, and the skin of double-ply bag is that white reflection bag, internal layer are black bag or white bag in outer Huang, and material is waterproof papery bag;

S2, at young fruit period, remove fruitlet, sick fruit, malformed fruit, every fringe stays 3-6 fruit, after fruit thinning, spray 70% thiophanate methyl 700-800 times liquid, at liquid, do in latter 5 days and complete bagging, during bagging, fruit bag is fully heaved, fruit is not contacted, protection fruit surface fine hair with fruit bag;

S3, before fruit harvesting 25-30 days, earth's surface leveling, weeds are cleaned out, ditch between furrow is put in order, within the scope of tree crown drip, forming the gradient from inside to outside, current are easily flowed out, is that 2-2.5m mulch film is along the both sides paving of tree by wide cut, middle overlapping cements with waterproof and enters with transparent rubberized fabric, wherein, film needs juxtaposition at furrow ditch place, and waterproof is infiltrated furrow ditch.
A kind of loquat according to claim 1 anti-day burn, the cultivation method of anti-fruit-cracking, it is characterized in that, described young fruit period refers to that fruit diameter is in 1cm, when fine hair does not take off.
A kind of loquat according to claim 1 anti-day burn, the cultivation method of anti-fruit-cracking, it is characterized in that, described fruit bag size is wide 15-17cm, long 22-24cm.
A kind of loquat according to claim 1 anti-day burn, the cultivation method of anti-fruit-cracking, it is characterized in that, described mulch film can be selected silver grey reflective membrane, white gas permeability reflective membrane or black mulch film, for anti-grass is without hyaline membrane.