WO2013118861A1

WO2013118861A1 - Fruit bag

Info

Publication number: WO2013118861A1
Application number: PCT/JP2013/053037
Authority: WO
Inventors: 藤井　雄一郎; 征弥池田
Original assignee: 岡山県; テイカ株式会社
Priority date: 2012-02-08
Filing date: 2013-02-08
Publication date: 2013-08-15
Also published as: KR101719289B1; TW201350013A; TWI583300B; JP5877441B2; CN104105398A; JPWO2013118861A1; KR20140133516A

Abstract

Provided is a fruit bag which can inhibit the delay of harvesting time of fruits and which can minimize flesh injury. The fruit bag according to one embodiment contains titanium oxide, wherein the light transmittance of the fruit bag in a wavelength region of 300 to 780nm is 12% or less and that in a wavelength region of 300 to 2500nm is 33% or less, each light transmittance being determined using a spectrophotometer. The fruit bag according to another embodiment comprises a substrate and a titanium oxide-containing coating layer formed on the substrate, wherein the light transmittance of the titanium oxide-containing coating layer in a wavelength region of 1000 to 1400nm is 60% or less as determined using a spectrophotometer.

Description

Fruit bag

The present invention generally relates to a fruit bag, and more specifically, to a fruit bag for preventing delay in harvesting of white peach and the like, and inhibiting skin and fruit damage.

Traditionally, fruit bags are used to protect fruits such as white peaches from diseases and pests. As a fruit bag, what was produced with newspaper, kraft paper, etc. has been used, for example. Thereafter, an improved fruit bag base paper has been proposed in order to improve the sugar content and appearance of white peach and the like.

For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-3176 (Patent Document 1) discloses a spectrophotometer comprising, as a main component, an orange inorganic or organic pigment and a filler having a refractive index of 1.55 to 2.70 in pulp. Describes a base paper for fruit bags having a transmittance in the visible light and ultraviolet region defined by 0 to 5% at 400 to 500 nm and 30 to 50% at 700 to 800 nm. The fruit bag using the base paper for fruit bags described in Patent Document 1 has been put into practical use and is currently mainly used.

Further, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-9441 (Patent Document 2) describes a fruit bag in which a titanium dioxide layer is provided on the surface of a nonwoven fabric. In this fruit bag, it has been proposed that the titanium dioxide layer reflects the sunlight and shields it from heat, thereby suppressing the temperature rise on the fruit bag surface and preventing deterioration of the taste. In addition, it has been proposed that in a fruit bag, by forming a biotite layer or an aluminum layer inside the titanium dioxide layer, a shading rate of 95% or more is obtained and the appearance of the fruit is beautifully finished.

JP 2003-205968 (Patent Document 3) describes a method for producing and using a bag in which titanium oxide and ceramic powder are bonded to a synthetic resin and paper.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-3176 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-9441 JP 2003-205968 A

However, even when a fruit bag using the base paper for fruit bags described in Patent Document 1 is used, the temperature of the growing fruit may increase excessively due to an increase in temperature associated with global warming, and the harvest date Disorders such as delays in the quality of products and reductions in the rate of excellent products due to fruit damage are increasing.

For example, harvesting of peaches begins about 30 to 70 days after bagging. Every year, bags are covered from early May to early July and harvested and sold from June to September. However, due to the effects of global warming, the temperature rises and peach harvest time may be delayed. For example, in Shimizu white peach, when the fruit surface temperature rises during the growth and reaches 35 ° C. or higher, synthesis of growth hormone is suppressed, and the harvest date may be delayed.

In the fruit bag described in Patent Document 2 and the bag described in Patent Document 3, in order to suppress the temperature increase on the surface of the fruit bag, titanium oxide is used by paying attention to ultraviolet rays and visible light in sunlight. However, ultraviolet rays are only a part of sunlight, and visible light is difficult to be converted into thermal energy compared to near infrared rays. Therefore, it is not sufficient to prevent the temperature of the fruit from increasing by simply using titanium oxide in the fruit bag to block ultraviolet rays or visible light. Furthermore, even if the fruit bag which improved the light-shielding property described in patent document 2 was used, not only the skin of a fruit but the inside of a flesh could not be finished beautifully.

White peaches are characterized in that the fruit skin and flesh do not turn brown, but when exposed to specific light during the growth, the flesh turns red and degrades the meat quality. Such flesh disorders include erythroderma. Lecherosis is a phenomenon in which anthocyanins, a polyphenol, are abnormally accumulated in the pulp of mature fruits. In addition to abnormal accumulation of anthocyanins, fruits with red meat disease have poor meat quality due to the decay of the flesh, and there are few δ-decalactone and γ-dodecalactone, which are peculiar sweet scents of peaches, resulting in red meat disease It is characterized by a taste that is not as good. In addition, this obstacle cannot be judged from the appearance immediately after harvesting, but also increases the degree of coloring before consumption, causing symptoms for the first time when eating, causing complaints, and if it occurs frequently the brand image It can be hurt.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a fruit bag capable of preventing the fruit harvest time from being delayed and suppressing the flesh damage.

The inventors of the present invention not only prevent the fruit harvest time delay due to global warming, but also suppress red meat disease, which is a peach flesh disorder, and improve the quality further in the vicinity of sunlight. We focused on infrared and visible light and made extensive studies.

Regarding the above-mentioned leukosis, Okayama University's research has clarified in what kind of environment it is likely to develop. However, a method for suppressing the onset has not yet been found. It is the difference in the pruning method that a clear difference was recognized as a condition that is likely to cause leukosis. Compared to the conventional pruning (strong pruning), especially in winter, when summer pruning is prioritized and weak pruning is used to reduce the amount of pruning in winter, there is a tendency to increase the incidence of lean meat disease. It has become clear. According to the test results of “Pink Shimizu”, one of the peach varieties, the incidence of red meat disease in strong pruned trees is 0-10%, while that in weak pruned trees is 40-80%. became. For this reason, countermeasures such as increasing the amount of compost applied to the farmer's field or performing strong pruning were conducted for the purpose of strengthening the tree, but leukosis could not be suppressed as much as expected.

Therefore, as a result of searching for causes other than the strength of pruning, the relationship between the occurrence of sarcoma and the delayed maturation of fruits has been clarified. It has become clear that it will increase. In particular, it has been found that the fruit ripening is significantly delayed by an abnormally high temperature just before ripening, and it is considered that preventing the occurrence of red meat disease by not exposing the fruit temperature at this time to an abnormally high temperature.

Usually, orange fruit bags are generally orange and absorb deep visible rays and near infrared rays. Therefore, by incorporating a pigment containing specific titanium oxide that reflects near-infrared rays into the fruit bag, it reflects near-infrared rays that are easily converted into heat in sunlight, suppressing the rise in fruit temperature, and preventing delays in harvesting days. Is possible. Furthermore, the effect of preventing coloring of the fruit skin and inside the fruit can be obtained.

Based on the above knowledge, the fruit bag according to the present invention has the following configuration. That is, the fruit bag according to one aspect of the present invention includes titanium oxide, and has a light transmittance of 12% or less at 300 to 780 nm and 33% or less at 300 to 2500 nm.

The fruit bag according to the present invention preferably has a solar transmittance of 300 to 780 nm of 12% or less and a solar transmittance of 300 to 2500 nm of 20% or less.

In the fruit bag according to the present invention, the titanium oxide is preferably titanium oxide having a near-infrared reflecting function.

In the fruit bag according to the present invention, the reflectance of light by a spectrophotometer is preferably 34% or more at 300 to 780 nm, and preferably 46% or more at 300 to 2500 nm.

The fruit bag according to the present invention preferably has a solar reflectance of 36% or more at 300 to 780 nm and 44% or more at 300 to 2500 nm.

The fruit bag according to the present invention includes a base material and a coating layer containing titanium oxide formed on the base material, and the coating layer has a light transmittance of 1000 to 1000 by a spectrophotometer. It is preferably 60% or less at 1400 nm.

In the fruit bag according to the present invention, the coating layer preferably has a light reflectance of 40% or more at 1000 to 1400 nm as measured by a spectrophotometer.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fruit bag capable of preventing the fruit harvest time from being delayed and suppressing the flesh damage.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing spectral transmittance curves of fruit bags of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing spectral reflectance curves of fruit bags of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1. It is a figure which shows the influence which the difference in a fruit bag has on the temperature of the fruit surface in a fruit bag. It is a figure which shows the influence which the difference in titanium oxide content of a fruit bag has on the temperature of the fruit surface in a fruit bag. It is a figure which shows the influence which the difference in the base material of a fruit bag has on the temperature of the fruit surface in a fruit bag. It is a figure which shows the temperature of the fruit surface at the time of using a pear as a fruit. It is a figure which shows the spectral transmittance curve of the coating layer of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 4-6. It is a figure which shows the transmittance | permeability of the coating layer of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 4-6. It is a figure which shows the spectral reflectance curve of the coating layer of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 4-6. It is a figure which shows the reflectance of the coating layer of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 4-6.

The fruit bag according to the present invention has the following configuration. That is, the fruit bag according to one aspect of the present invention includes titanium oxide, and has a light transmittance of 12% or less at 300 to 780 nm and 33% or less at 300 to 2500 nm. The light transmittance of the fruit bag with a spectrophotometer is preferably 10% or less at 300 to 780 nm, and preferably 27% or less at 300 to 2500 nm. Further, it is preferably 32% or less at 780 to 2500 nm.

The fruit bag according to the present invention preferably has a solar transmittance of 300 to 780 nm of 12% or less and a solar transmittance of 300 to 2500 nm of 20% or less. Further, the solar transmittance at 780 to 2500 nm is preferably 33% or less.

In the fruit bag according to the present invention, the reflectance of light by a spectrophotometer is preferably 34% or more at 300 to 780 nm, and preferably 46% or more at 300 to 2500 nm. Further, it is preferably 49% or more at 780 to 2500 nm. The reflectance of light by the spectrophotometer of the fruit bag is more preferably 38% or more at 300 to 780 nm, and more preferably 51% or more at 300 to 2500 nm. Further, it is more preferably 55% or more at 780 to 2500 nm.

The fruit bag according to the present invention preferably has a solar reflectance of 36% or more at 300 to 780 nm and 44% or more at 300 to 2500 nm. Further, it is preferably 54% or more at 780 to 2500 nm. The solar reflectance of the fruit bag is more preferably 44% or more at 300 to 780 nm, and more preferably 51% or more at 300 to 2500 nm. Further, it is more preferably 60% or more at 780 to 2500 nm.

The fruit bag of one embodiment according to the present invention comprises a base material and a coating layer containing titanium oxide formed on the base material, and has a light transmittance of 300 to 300 by a spectrophotometer. It is 12% or less at 780 nm, and 33% or less at 300 to 2500 nm. As a base material, the orange fruit bag generally used can be used, for example. The coating layer containing titanium oxide is formed, for example, by applying an ink composition containing a specific titanium oxide having a function of reflecting near infrared rays on a substrate. Titanium oxide may be included in the fruit bag by being coated on the outer surface or inner surface of the fruit bag to form a coating layer, kneaded into the base of the fruit bag, The base material may be included in the fruit bag by being scrubbed with the fibers constituting the base material, or by impregnating the base material of the fruit bag with a titanium oxide solution.

In the fruit bag, the coating layer preferably contains 1.0 g / m ² or more of titanium oxide. The upper limit of the titanium oxide content is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50.0 g / m ² or less in consideration of workability during coating and economical aspects. More preferably, it is ² or less.

In the fruit bag, the coating layer preferably contains titanium oxide having a near infrared reflection function. Titanium oxide having a near-infrared reflecting function refers to titanium oxide having a near-infrared shielding capability described in, for example, Japanese Patent No. 454634. As a titanium oxide having a near-infrared reflecting function, for example, there is titanium oxide (model number: JR-1000) manufactured by Teika Co., Ltd. Titanium oxide is not contained in the coating layer, but is kneaded into the base material of the fruit bag, or is mixed with the fibers constituting the base material, or the base material is impregnated with a titanium oxide solution. Also when contained in a fruit bag, the titanium oxide preferably has a near-infrared reflecting function.

In the fruit bag, the ink composition for forming the coating layer preferably contains a binder in order to prevent the titanium oxide from falling off the fruit bag after the coating layer is formed. As the binder, various resins such as polyurethane resin, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, polyester resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, and amino resin can be used. In addition, the ink composition may contain various solvents as necessary from the viewpoint of workability at the time of preparing the ink composition or coating the fruit bag. Solvents include water; hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, xylene, styrene; methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol (isopropanol), 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, etc. Alcohol solvents; ester solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate and butyl acetate; ether solvents such as ethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl butyl ketone It is done. The ink composition may further contain various additives such as preservatives, antibacterial agents, insect repellents, growth promoters and water repellents as necessary.

By doing in this way, it is possible to provide a fruit bag that can prevent the fruit harvest time from being delayed and that can suppress the flesh damage. The fruit bag according to the present invention is applicable to various fruits such as citrus fruits such as peaches, pears, grapes, apples and tangerines, loquats, kiwis, melons, mangoes and persimmons.

In order to confirm the above effects, fruit bags of the following Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 were produced and evaluated. Moreover, the field test was done using each fruit bag, and the performance was compared.

(Example 1)
<Preparation of ink composition>
30.0 parts by weight of a polyurethane resin (non-volatile component 30% IB-422 manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 32.6 parts by weight of a mixed solvent (toluene: xylene: isopropanol = 1: 1: 1) are dissolved in advance, and Then, 45 parts by weight of titanium oxide having a near-infrared reflecting function (JR-1000, manufactured by Taika Co., Ltd.) was added, mixed by stirring until uniform, and then dispersed with a paint conditioner for 1 hour. To this dispersion, a solution obtained by previously mixing 20 parts by weight of the polyurethane resin and 9 parts by weight of the mixed solvent was added with stirring to prepare an ink composition. Let down was P (pigment) / B (resin) = 3.0.

<Preparation of ink film>
On the entire surface of the M-4 orange bag (length 190 mm, width 140 mm) manufactured by West Japan Fruit Bag Co., Ltd. using the ink composition prepared as described above as a base material, the content of titanium oxide was 1.3 g. / M ² was applied using a bar coater to form an ink film as a coating layer. The fruit bag thus obtained was used as a fruit bag test piece of Example 1.

(Example 2)
A fruit bag test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the titanium oxide content was 3.0 g / m ² .

(Example 3)
A fruit bag test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the titanium oxide content was 7.5 g / m ² .

(Comparative Example 1)
As a fruit bag of Comparative Example 1, an M-4 orange bag manufactured by West Japan Fruit Bag Co., Ltd. was used. That is, a fruit bag test piece of Comparative Example 1 was used which did not form an ink film on the M-4 orange bag manufactured by West Japan Fruit Bag Co., Ltd. used in Examples 1 to 3.

<Evaluation of ink film>
With respect to the test pieces of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1, spectral transmission spectra were measured with a spectrophotometer U-4100 manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation. Based on the measured spectral transmittance, the solar transmittance was calculated in accordance with the transmittance at 300 nm to 2500 nm and JIS K5602. Also, the solar reflectance at 300 nm to 2500 nm was calculated according to JIS K 5602.

(Field test)
Each of the fruit bags of Examples 1 to 3 and the fruit bag of Comparative Example 1 was covered with a total of 4 trees as Shimizu white peaches as test trees. The effect of promoting the harvest date by each fruit bag, the ratio of skin coloration, and the occurrence of red meat were examined.

<Promotion effect of harvest day>
Using the average harvest date of 50 fruits covered with the fruit bags of Comparative Example 1 as the reference date, the difference between the harvest date of the fruits covered with other fruit bags and the reference date was examined. The average harvest date of 50 fruits covered with the fruit bag of Example 1 was 0.4 days earlier than the reference date. The average harvest date of 50 fruits covered with the fruit bag of Example 2 was 1.0 day earlier than the reference date. The average harvest date of 50 fruits covered with the fruit bags of Example 3 was 1.7 days earlier than the reference date.

<Pericarp coloring ratio>
Skin coloration is 0: no coloring at all, 1: about 1 cm from the top of the fruit top (5% or less of the fruit surface is colored), 2: about 1 to 3 cm from the top of the fruit top (5-10 in total) 3) Colored in the range of 3 cm to 5 cm from the tip of the fruit top (10 to 30% of the whole), 4: The color of 5 cm or more from the tip of the fruit top was judged on the basis of coloring (almost the entire surface). A skin coloring degree of 2 or more is very noticeable and may reduce the commercial value.

<Red meat generation rate>
Lecherosis was judged by observing the side of the fruit after cutting it vertically. The standard is 0: normal fruit with no coloration at all, 1: 10% of the pulp is pink or red, 2: 10-30% of the pulp is pink or red, 3: 30% to 80% of the pulp is pink Or, red, 4: the whole pulp (80% or more) was dark red. The occurrence degree of red meat disease is 3 or more, which is very noticeable and may reduce the merchantability.

Table 1 shows the measurement results of the transmittance and solar transmittance of the fruit bags and the results of the field test.

As shown in FIG. 1 and Table 1, the fruit bags of Examples 1 to 3 all have a lower solar transmittance of 300 to 2500 nm than the fruit bags of Comparative Example 1, and the harvest date is that of Comparative Example 1. It was earlier than the harvest date.

Table 2 shows the measurement results of the solar reflectance of the ink film and the results of the field test.

As shown in FIG. 2 and Table 2, when the fruit bags of Examples 1 to 3 were used, the solar reflectance was higher than that of Comparative Example 1, and in the practical test, the skin was colored. The rate was low and the rate of red meat generation was low.

From the above results, it was found that the fruit bags of Examples 1 to 3 have an effect of promoting harvest date and can suppress a flesh disorder. The fruit bag of Comparative Example 1 did not have the effect of promoting the harvest date, had a relatively high coloring ratio of the peel, and a relatively high occurrence ratio of red meat.

Next, the effect of the difference in the fruit bag on the temperature of the fruit surface in the fruit bag was examined. 50 fruit bags of Example 1 to Example 3, a fruit bag of Comparative Example 1, and a stack of two fruit bags of Comparative Example 1 each, 4 trees in total as Shimizu white peaches as test trees Covered. The temperature of the fruit surface in each fruit bag was measured, and the average value of 50 bags was obtained. In the following description, the numerical value described as the temperature of each example and comparative example is the average value of the temperatures measured for all the fruits that covered the fruit bag of that example or comparative example. The temperature was measured between 13:00 and 14:00 on July 21, 2010.

As shown in FIG. 3, when the outside air temperature exceeded 36 ° C., the temperature of the fruit surface in the fruit bag was lower than the outside air temperature in any fruit bag. In the fruit bags of Examples 1 to 3, the temperature of the fruit surface was particularly low in Examples 2 and 3 in which the amount of titanium oxide contained in the coating layer was relatively large. Moreover, although the fruit bag of the comparative example 1 and the fruit bag of the comparative example 1 which overlapped two sheets of the fruit bag of the comparative example 1, the fruit surface temperature fell slightly, The temperature of the fruit surface was over 35 ° C. From the results shown in FIG. 3 and the results shown in Tables 1 and 2, it was confirmed that the promotion effect of the harvest date was larger as the fruit surface temperature was lower.

(About the influence of titanium oxide content)
Next, fruit bags of Examples 4 and 5 below were prepared, and a field test was performed using the fruit bags of Examples 3 to 5 and Comparative Example 1, and the content of titanium oxide and the binder in the ink composition were measured. The impact of.

(Example 4)
A fruit bag test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the titanium oxide content was 22.5 g / m ² . That is, the titanium oxide content of the fruit bag of Example 4 is three times that of the fruit bag of Example 3.

(Example 5)
In the preparation of the ink composition, acrylic resin (Acridic (registered trademark) A-1712 manufactured by DIC Corporation) was used instead of polyurethane resin, and 20.0 parts by weight of the acrylic resin described above and a mixed solvent (Toluene: butyl acetate = 7: 3) 25.0 parts by weight was dissolved in advance, and further 45 parts by weight of titanium oxide having a near-infrared reflecting function (JR-1000, manufactured by Teika Co., Ltd.) was added and stirred uniformly. After mixing, the mixture was dispersed with a paint conditioner for 1 hour. To this dispersion, 10 parts by weight of the acrylic resin described above was added with stirring to prepare an ink composition. Let down was P (pigment) / B (resin) = 3.0. The amount of titanium oxide was 7.5 g / w on the entire surface of the M-4 orange bag (190 mm long, 140 mm wide) manufactured by West Japan Fruit Bag Co., Ltd. using the ink composition thus prepared as a base material. and m ^2, and the coating was prepared fruit bags specimen by forming an ink film as a coating layer. That is, the titanium oxide content of the fruit bag of Example 5 is the same as that of the fruit bag of Example 3.

(Field test)
Each of the fruit bags of Examples 3 to 5 and Comparative Example 1 was covered with 24 bags as a test tree to a total of 4 Shimizu white peach RS trees. The effect on the fruit temperature by each fruit bag and the promotion effect of the harvest date were investigated.

<Influence on fruit temperature>
The fruit temperature during the daytime at high temperatures was measured from the opening at the bottom of the fruit bag using a radiation thermometer (IR-TAP, manufactured by CHINO). The temperature was measured between 14:00 and 14:45 on July 29, 2011 (107 days after full bloom). Further, the temperature change after 90 days in full bloom was continuously measured at intervals of 10 minutes using a data logger (TR71U) from 90 days to 115 days after full sensor attachment to the fruit surface.

<Promotion effect of harvest day>
The maturity time was grasped in advance by using a chlorophyll meter to ascertain the skin color of the degree of mechanical selection, and the fruits that reached that standard were harvested every day. Using the average harvest date of 24 fruits covered with the fruit bags of Comparative Example 1 as the reference date, the difference between the harvest date of the fruits covered with other fruit bags and the reference date was examined.

Table 3 shows the measurement results of the transmittance, solar transmittance, reflectance, and solar reflectance of the fruit bags of Examples 3 to 5 and Comparative Example 1, and Table 4 shows the results of the field test.

As shown in Table 4 and FIG. 4, in the fruit bags of Examples 3 to 5, the fruit temperature during the hot day was lower by about 1 ° C. than the fruit bag of Comparative Example 1.

The fruit temperature continuously measured from 90 days after full bloom was about 0.6 to 1.9 ° C. lower in the fruit bags of Examples 3 to 5 than in the fruit bags of Comparative Examples with respect to the maximum temperature. Moreover, the integrated time of 35 degreeC or more was the shortest in Example 5, and then was short in order of Example 3 and Example 4, and the fruit bag of the comparative example 1 was the longest.

As for the effect of promoting the harvest date, the average harvest date of 24 fruits covered with the fruit bag of Example 3 was 1.4 days earlier than the reference date. The average harvest date of 24 fruits covered with the fruit bag of Example 4 was 0.9 days earlier than the reference date. The average harvest date of 24 fruits covered with the fruit bag of Example 5 was 1.0 day earlier than the reference date.

As described above, the fruit bags of Examples 3 to 5 were all effective in suppressing the fruit temperature as compared with the fruit bag of Comparative Example 1. The fruit bag of Example 4 contained three times as much titanium oxide as the fruit bag of Example 3, but the fruit temperature inhibitory effect was similar to that of Example 3.

In addition, when the fruit curd was observed at the time of harvest, the incidence of fruit flesh separation fruit was observed in the fruit bag of Example 5 using an acrylic resin as compared with Examples 3 and 4 using a polyurethane resin in the ink composition. Was low. In the fruit bag of Example 5, compared to the fruit bag of Example 3 or Example 4, the fruit bag is less sticky during bagging work and harvesting work, the fruit bags are less likely to adhere to each other, and workability is improved. It was also possible to improve.

(About the influence of the base material)
Next, fruit bags of Examples 6 to 8 below were produced, and a field test was performed using the fruit bags of Examples 5 to 8 and Comparative Example 1 to evaluate the influence of the base material.

(Example 6)
A fruit bag test piece was produced in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the whole M-4 orange bag manufactured by West Japan Fruit Bag Co., Ltd. was used as the base material.

(Example 7)
A fruit bag test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5, except that M-43 orange bag manufactured by West Japan Fruit Bag Co., Ltd., which had a thickness of 90% compared to the base material of Example 5, was used as the base material. did.

(Example 8)
A fruit bag test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5 except that M-4 orange bag manufactured by West Japan Fruit Bag Co., Ltd. having a size of 200 mm in length and 160 mm in width was used as a base material.

(Field test)
Each of the fruit bags of Examples 5 to 8 and Comparative Example 1 was covered with 24 bags as a test tree to a total of 4 Shimizu white peach RS trees. The effect of each fruit bag on the fruit temperature, the effect of promoting the harvest date, and the effect of suppressing the occurrence of red meat were investigated.

<Influence on fruit temperature>
The fruit temperature during the daytime at high temperatures was measured from the opening at the bottom of the fruit bag using a radiation thermometer (IR-TAP, manufactured by CHINO). The temperature was measured on July 25, 2012 (around 105 days in full bloom) between 15:00 and 15:30.

<Red meat generation rate>
Leprosy was judged as described above. That is, it was judged by observing the fruit side surface after cutting it vertically. The standard is 0: normal fruit with no coloration at all, 1: 10% of the pulp is pink or red, 2: 10-30% of the pulp is pink or red, 3: 30% to 80% of the pulp is pink Or, red, 4: the whole pulp (80% or more) was dark red.

Table 5 shows the measurement results of the transmittance, solar transmittance, reflectance, and solar reflectance of the fruit bags of Examples 5 to 8 and Comparative Example 1, and Table 6 shows the results of the field test.

As shown in Table 6 and FIG. 5, in the fruit bags of Examples 5 to 8, the fruit temperature during the high temperature day was clearly lower than that of the fruit bag of Comparative Example 1.

As for the effect of promoting the harvest date, the fruit bags of Examples 5 to 8 all had the effect of promoting the harvest date as compared with the fruit bag of Comparative Example 1. In particular, the harvest date was clearly promoted in the fruit bag of Example 7.

As for the red meat, in the fruit bags of Examples 5 to 8, there was a tendency for the occurrence to be suppressed as compared with the fruit bag of Comparative Example 1. In particular, in the fruit bags of Example 6 and Example 8, the occurrence of red meat was clearly suppressed.

(About the effect on pears)
Pears are known to have a high incidence of fruit damage due to high temperature before harvesting, especially fruits that are directly hit by the western sun. For example, in the cultivar “Shintaka”, which has a large production volume in Japan, 40 It is known that flesh disorders such as mitosis are likely to occur when the fruit temperature after the day rises. Then, the effect of the fruit temperature suppression by the fruit bag of this invention was confirmed using pear as a fruit.

Example 9
A fruit bag test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5 except that a fruit bag (45-2L) manufactured by Trica was used as the base material of the fruit bag.

(Comparative Example 2)
As a control, a fruit bag having no ink film was used as a fruit bag test piece of Comparative Example 2.

The fruit bags of Example 9 and Comparative Example 2 were covered with 10 pear “Shintaka” fruits from the beginning of September 2012 to October 10. A part of the fruit bag was broken at 14:00 on October 10, 2012 on the day of harvesting, and immediately after that, measurement was performed using a radiation thermometer (manufactured by CHINO, IR-TAP). Table 7 shows the measurement results of the transmittance, solar transmittance, reflectance, and solar reflectance of a coating layer containing titanium oxide (Example 9) and a test piece (Comparative Example 2) that does not form an ink film.

As shown in FIG. 6, the fruit bag of Example 9 was 1.2 ° C. lower in fruit temperature than the fruit bag of Comparative Example 2.

(About the effect on grapes)
Conventional grape fruit bags do not place importance on the function of suppressing temperature rise. For this reason, when exposed to an abnormally high temperature, troubles such as abnormal softening of the fruit before and after harvesting, and rapid decline in freshness after harvesting are observed. Then, the effect of the fruit temperature suppression by the fruit bag of this invention was confirmed using grape as a fruit.

(Example 10)
The fruit bag test was carried out in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the conventional white bag (the bottom with a Fuji bag clasp for pione (210 mm x 295 mm) manufactured by Fujii Baguyo) was used as the base material for the fruit bag. A piece was made.

(Comparative Example 3)
As a control, the above-mentioned white bag that does not form an ink film was used as a fruit bag test piece of Comparative Example 3.

Table 8 shows the measurement results of the transmittance, solar transmittance, reflectance, and solar reflectance of the fruit bags of Example 10 and Comparative Example 3.

As a field test, first, 76 fruit of a 12-year-old “Pione” tree (tunnel cultivation) was covered with a fruit bag of Comparative Example 3 on June 29, 2012. Thereafter, (1) one week before softening of the grain (July 6, 2012), (2) softening of the grain (July 15, 2012), (3) two weeks after softening of the grain (July 29, 2012) Day), (4) The fruit bags of Comparative Example 3 were implemented during the period from 4 weeks after the softening of the fruit (August 12, 2012) to 9 weeks after the softening of the fruit (September 14, 2012). The fruit bag of Example 10 was replaced. Each of the above (1) to (4) was replaced with 14 fruit bags.

During the covering period, the temperature in each bag and the temperature of the outside air were measured at intervals of 30 minutes from 6 am to 6 pm using a data logger 3633 manufactured by Hioki Corporation. The results are shown in Table 9.

As shown in Table 9, in the fruit bag of Example 10, the daytime maximum temperature could be kept low by 0.5 ° C. to 0.8 ° C. compared to the fruit bag of Comparative Example 3.

Also, the effect of the fruit bag of the present invention on the fruit temperature of the grapes in the house was examined as follows.

As a field test, firstly, 20 fruit bunches of two fifth graders "Pione" (non-heated and watered fertilization cultivation) were put on a shade on June 19, 2012 (10 days after fruit softening). Then, 3 weeks after fruit softening (July 6, 2012), the shade of 10 fruit bunch was replaced with the fruit bag of Example 10.

The temperature inside each bag, the temperature inside the shade, and the temperature of the outside air during the covering period were measured at intervals of 30 minutes using a data logger 3633 manufactured by Hioki Corporation. The results are shown in Table 10.

As shown in Table 10, in the grapes covered with the fruit bags of Example 10, the daytime maximum temperature is lowered by 0.4 ° C. compared to the grapes not using the fruit bags and only covered with shade. I was able to.

(About the influence of titanium oxide contained in the coating layer)
Next, the effect of the type and amount of titanium oxide contained in the coating layer on the transmittance and reflectance of the coating layer was examined. Instead of using the M-4 orange bag manufactured by West Japan Fruit Bag Co., Ltd. as the base material, the ink films of Examples 1 to 3 described above were formed on a transparent PET film, and the PET film was used as a baseline for the coating layer. The transmittance was measured. Further, the ink films of Examples 1 to 3 described above are formed on the black portion of the concealment rate test paper (specified in JIS K5600-4-1 (1999) 4.1.2), and the reflectance of the coating layer is set. It was measured. The amount of titanium oxide contained in each coating layer was the same as in Examples 1 to 3. Thus, the transmittance | permeability and the reflectance of the coating layer formed on the base material were measured.

Also, coating layer test pieces of Comparative Examples 4 to 6 were prepared as described below, and transmittance and reflectance were measured.

(Comparative Example 4)
<Preparation of ink composition>
30.0 parts by weight of a polyurethane resin (non-volatile component 30% IB-422 manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 32.6 parts by weight of a mixed solvent (toluene: xylene: isopropanol = 1: 1: 1) were dissolved in advance, and Then, 45 parts by weight of titanium oxide for pigment (JR-701, manufactured by Teika Co., Ltd.) was added, mixed by stirring until uniform, and then dispersed with a paint conditioner for 1 hour. To this dispersion, a solution obtained by previously mixing 20 parts by weight of the polyurethane resin and 9 parts by weight of a mixed solvent was added with stirring to prepare an ink composition. Let down was P / B = 3.0.

<Preparation of ink film>
The ink composition prepared as described above was applied to the above-described PET film and concealment rate test paper using a bar coater so that the titanium oxide content was 1.3 g / m ² , and the coating layer As a coating layer test piece of Comparative Example 4, an ink film was formed.
(Comparative Example 5)
The coated layer test piece of Comparative Example 5 was produced in the same manner as Comparative Example 4 except that the coating was performed so that the titanium oxide content was 3.0 g / m ² .

(Comparative Example 6)
The coated layer test piece of Comparative Example 6 was prepared in the same manner as Comparative Example 4 except that the coating layer was coated so that the titanium oxide content was 7.5 g / m ² .

For the coating layers of Examples 1 to 3 and the coating layers of Comparative Examples 4 to 6, the transmission spectra of the coating films on the PET film were measured. Moreover, the reflection spectrum of the coating film on the above-mentioned concealment rate test paper black part was measured. From the measured transmission spectrum and reflection spectrum, the transmittance and reflectance of the coating layer were determined. Table 11 shows the transmittance, and Table 12 shows the reflectance.

As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 and Table 11, the transmittance of the coating layer was generally lower in Examples 1 to 3 than in Comparative Examples 4 to 6. In particular, in the wavelength range of 1000 nm or more, the transmittance of the coating layers of Examples 1 to 3 falls within the range of 60% or less, while the transmittance of the coating layers of Comparative Examples 4 to 6 exceeds 60%. It was. Among Examples 1 to 3, the larger the amount of titanium oxide in the coating layer, the lower the transmittance. Among Comparative Examples 4 to 6, the larger the amount of titanium oxide in the coating layer, the lower the transmittance. Further, Examples 1 to 3 using titanium oxide having a near-infrared reflecting function had lower transmittance at 1000 to 1400 nm than Comparative Examples 4 to 6 using titanium oxide for pigment.

As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 and Table 12, the reflectance of the coating layer was generally higher in Examples 1 to 3 than in Comparative Examples 4 to 6. In particular, in the wavelength range of 1000 nm or more, the reflectance of the coating layers of Examples 1 to 3 is higher than that of Comparative Examples 4 to 6. In Examples 1 to 3, the titanium oxide in the coating layer The greater the amount, the higher the reflectivity. Among Comparative Examples 4 to 6, the higher the amount of titanium oxide in the coating layer, the higher the reflectance. Further, Examples 1 to 3 using titanium oxide having a near-infrared reflecting function showed higher reflectance at 1000 to 1400 nm than Comparative Examples 4 to 6 using titanium oxide for pigment.

As described above, a fruit bag according to another aspect of the present invention includes a base material and a coating layer containing titanium oxide formed on the base material, and the coating layer is spectrophotometric. The light transmittance by the meter is 60% or less at 1000 to 1400 nm. The coating layer preferably contains titanium oxide having a near-infrared reflecting function, and the reflectance of light by a spectrophotometer is preferably 40% or more at 1000 to 1400 nm.

It should be considered that the embodiments and examples disclosed above are illustrative and non-restrictive in every respect. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and includes all modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

</ RTI> By using the fruit bag of the present invention, it is possible to prevent the fruit harvest time from being delayed, and to suppress the flesh damage.

Claims

Containing titanium oxide,
A fruit bag having a light transmittance by a spectrophotometer of 12% or less at 300 to 780 nm and 33% or less at 300 to 2500 nm.
The fruit bag according to claim 1, wherein the solar transmittance at 300 to 780 nm is 12% or less and the solar transmittance at 300 to 2500 nm is 20% or less.
The fruit bag according to claim 1, wherein the titanium oxide is titanium oxide having a near-infrared reflecting function.
The fruit bag according to claim 1, wherein the reflectance of light by a spectrophotometer is 34% or more at 300 to 780 nm and 46% or more at 300 to 2500 nm.
The fruit bag according to claim 1, wherein the solar reflectance is 36% or more at 300 to 780 nm and 44% or more at 300 to 2500 nm.
A substrate;
A coating layer containing titanium oxide formed on the substrate;
The fruit bag according to claim 1, wherein the coating layer has a light transmittance by a spectrophotometer of 60% or less at 1000 to 1400 nm.
The fruit bag according to claim 6, wherein the coating layer has a reflectance of light by a spectrophotometer of 40% or more at 1000 to 1400 nm.