JP2936216B2 - Grape suppression cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for suppressing cultivation of grapes using an ultraviolet cut film.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The grape harvesting season is usually around August, although it depends on the variety. However, in order to meet the needs of Japanese people who prefer first-time gifts, and to satisfy the habits of Japanese people who prefer first-time gifts, the harvest season has been advanced due to advances in greenhouse cultivation, especially forcibly cultivation with early heating. Monthly and June tend to be faster. On the other hand, there are a small number of varieties that are harvested during the year of the year, which is another great demand period for gift items. For example, Glow Coleman and the like.

[0003]

However, in the case of forcing cultivation, especially in the case of super-heating or ultra-super-heating in which a premature or extremely precocious variety such as Delaware is heated in a house from December or January, a large amount of energy is required. And the time and effort required for management are also great. Of course, growers will be able to make enough money for that, but from the point of view of energy conservation, I want another ingenuity. On the other hand, extremely late-grown glow coleman, which is harvested from November to December, does not require heating and does not waste energy, but has the disadvantage of having another taste. However, the grapes that are harvested during this period are rare and are traded at fairly high prices on the market.

[0004]

Therefore, the present inventors have attempted to use an ultraviolet-cut film as a plastic film used for coating when a late-ripening type variety harvested from late summer to early autumn is cultivated in the rain (open field cultivation). Was. However, as shown by the dashed line in FIG. 1 (Morgen-Schön), the coloring of the fruit was poor and the ripening degree did not reach the appropriate ripening state (FIG. 11; dashed line, Morgen-Schön). Then, when the film was replaced with a normal ultraviolet ray transmissive film in the middle, the fruit rapidly began to color and the ripening degree gradually increased. The present invention has been completed by paying attention to the fact that the harvest time can be adjusted by changing the time of refilling.

[0005] Incidentally, if the harvest time is simply delayed, it is sufficient to leave the tree as it is, but this is not so easy. That is, since the flesh of the grape is soft, the grape softens and the fruit axis begins to brown after a suitable period of time, and eventually rots, making it impossible to become a commercial product. In other words, it is important that the harvest time can be extended while keeping the fruit color, sugar content, weight of one grain, luster, etc. in an appropriate period, and suppression cultivation is exactly this.

The varieties to be used in the present invention are late-ripening varieties (mainly of European origin) and are harvested from late August to late September even in ordinary open-field cultivation. As varieties of this kind, in addition to the above-mentioned Morgen Shane, red varieties such as Akamine, Koshu, Koshu Sanshaku, Hiro Hamburg, Kaiji, Ruby Okuyama and Baladi, and black purple varieties such as Alphonse sliver Stuff, Newnai, Italy,
There are yellow-green ones such as Muscat (Muscat of Alexandria). In Japan, Morgen Shane and Kaiji (harvested in the open field in mid-September, harvested in mid-September), Akamine and Muscat (also harvested in early September) are cultivated in large numbers.

[0007] When the above-mentioned film replacement is carried out in early October, Morgen Shane and Kaiji begin in early December.
In mid-Akamine and Muscat, even if the harvest is extended from mid-November to late November, the degree of maturity is maintained at an optimum level,
The fruit color and sugar content were good, and it was highly evaluated in the market where it was shipped. This was the year of the end of the year, and prototypes were trading at high prices. However, in the case of Muscat, the fruit color does not change much, and since it is shipped in an immature state (brilliant green), shipment before mid-November to late may be acceptable. In the rain cultivation of grapes, the film is generally covered with a film before germination. In the cultivation of grapes, the expansion of the buds is called sprouting, and the emergence of green buds is called sprouting, and it takes 4 to 5 days from sprouting to sprouting. Also in the present invention, it is preferable to coat with an ultraviolet cut film at least before germination. Of course, it may be before germination, but it is preferable to avoid coating after germination as much as possible. It can be inferred from FIGS. 1 and 11 that the suppression period can be further extended by extending the film replacement after the beginning of October. Conversely, if you change the film before early October, the harvest time can be shortened. However, this is not very meaningful.

[0008] By the way, various ultraviolet cut films are provided. Ultraviolet light has a wavelength
It is said that light having a wavelength of 397 nm or less is used. In the case of the present invention, light having a wavelength in the range of 320 to 390 nm may be absorbed.
More preferably, a film that absorbs light having a wavelength of about 320 to 380 mn or about 330 to 360 mn is preferably used. For example, Super Light (Mitsui Toatsu Chemical Co., Ltd.)
Manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Vinyl Co., Ltd.). As the ultraviolet transmission type film, a vinyl chloride type, for example, a polyethylene type or a vinyl acetate type is used. However, even if it is referred to as an ultraviolet-transmitting film, it does not necessarily transmit 100% of ultraviolet rays, but may be any film that is usually used for cultivating rain of grape.

[0009]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below in detail mainly by taking Morgen Schoen and Akamine as examples. First, as an object of the test, an 8-year-old morgen cultivated Morgen Schön (5 ares) and a 4th-year-old Akamine (10 ares) were cultivated in a single-roof house in the orchard field of the agricultural experimental station. Then, before germination, on April 8, 1992, a film thickness of 0.1 as a UV cut film based on vinyl chloride.
Coated with super light and cut ace of mm,
On October 1, about two months before the maturity (harvest season), a normal ultraviolet-permeable film which was replaced with a 0.1 mm-thick vegetalon (polyethylene) film was used as a treatment section. On the other hand, during the growing period, that is, from April 8, 1992 to the time of harvesting (not the conventional harvesting season, but the time according to the harvest of those in the UV-cut area), a normal UV-transmitting film was used. One coated with a 0.1 mm-thick vegetalon (polyethylene film) was used as a conventional section. Both plots divide the cultivation area into two equal parts.

[0010] In the trees of the above-mentioned two plots, the growth condition of the shoots, the ripening rate, and the fruit quality (fruit color, weight of one grain, free acid content) were investigated (measured and observed). Investigation (measurement, observation)
The method was as follows. In the case of the growth of new shoots, Morgen-Schön used 2 trees in each section and Akamine used 3 trees in each section. The ripening rate is
The same shoots were tested and measured on November 30. The fruit quality survey was carried out using 30 shoots of each tree at intervals of 10 to 14 days from August 12 in the grain softening period using a tree with new shoots. These are shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 (Morgen-Schön) and FIGS. 6 to 10 (Akamine).

FIG. 1 and FIG. 6 are graphs showing the relationship between fruit color and date in an ultraviolet cut section and a conventional section (the two sections have different qualities of light). The scale of the fruit color in the figure is
It is a color chart value of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries fruit tree trial standard. still,
The dashed line in FIG. 1 indicates the measured value of a tree (all cut fields) covered with (cut all over) the ultraviolet cut film over the entire period. 2 and 7 are graphs showing the relationship between the weight of one grain and the date, and FIGS. 3 and 8 are graphs showing the relationship between the refractometer reading and the date. 4 and 9 are graphs showing the relationship between the amount of free acid and date, and FIGS. 5 and 10 are graphs showing the relationship between the shoot length and date.

FIG. 11 is a graph showing the results of observing and measuring the degree of maturity of fruits for the same test object (Morgen-Schön) as in FIG. Where maturity 1
Indicates that it is immature and can not be tasted. Ripeness 2 is strong acidity and sugar content is 14 or less, ripeness 3 is suitable ripeness, and ripeness 4 is that the flesh is slightly softened and the fruit axis is slightly browning. ,
A maturity of 5 indicates that the pulp is softened and is about to decay, and a maturity of 6 indicates that the pulp is extremely softened and almost rotted. In the treatment section (UV cut section) of the product of the present invention, 1
Even in mid-February, the maturity is at most about 3.5, and the product is of sufficient quality.

Further, the number of trees in Muscat and Kai-ji is small (two to three in each section), but they were cultivated in the same manner as Morgen Schoen and Akamine. FIG. 12 is a graph showing the maturity level of Muscat for the treatment area and the customary area, and FIG.
3 is a graph showing the maturity level of Kai Road for the treatment area and the customary area.

Next, the results and consideration will be described. First,
In the case of the above embodiment, the harvesting period (at the time when the plant reached a mature state suitable for harvesting) was from mid-November to late in Muscat and Akamine, and from early to mid-Morgen in Morgen Schoen and Kaiji. That is, the harvesting period arrived 1.5 to 2.5 months after the re-coating of the coated film. However, in the case of Muscat, it is difficult to distinguish by fruit color even before that, and it is possible even earlier. During this period (from the germination period to the harvesting period), the shoot length of Akamine was not different between the two plots until May 8, but it was slightly longer in the conventional plots after that. Resulted in a difference of about 15 cm. Morgen Schön has been longer in the customary plot since April 28, with a difference of about 22 cm during the harvest season.

The ripening rate (the rate at which the shoots became woody and hardened) was higher in the conventional plots in both Akamine and Morgen-Schön varieties. Morgen Schön is 6
2.2%, UV-cut area was 53.1%. In Akamine,
91.8% in the conventional zone and 62.9% in the UV cut zone. This indicates that aging was prevented by the UV cut. Other varieties showed similar trends in shoot length and ripening rate.

[0016] Looking at the change in fruit color after the grain softening period, in Morgen-Schön, the conventional plots remained high until mid-October, but reversed after mid-October, and the UV-cut plots remained slightly higher. In Akamine, although the customary district was high until mid-October, it has remained almost the same since then. In other words, the coloring of the fruit was suppressed during the UV cut, but the coloring rapidly progressed due to the film switching, catching up and overtaking in a short period of time, and finally reaching a denser colored state. Although not shown, Kai Road and Muscat also showed similar progress. However,
Since Muscat is immature, its fruit color is vivid green, so it is usually shipped immature, but if the harvest is delayed until late November, it may turn yellow-green.

Further, the weight of one grain in the UV cut section was heavy in both Morgen-Schön and Akamine varieties. That is,
If the number of grains is the same, the weight of one bunch becomes heavier, and together with the dark fruit color, the appearance looks fine. In addition, the readings of the refractometer showed almost the same change (gradual increase) in both cultivars in both cultivars, but from early October, the UV-cut cultivation showed a somewhat higher level, and the taste was similar to that of the appearance. Ward is higher. However, both free acid contents decreased with time in both groups. In other words, the later the harvest period, the lower the acidity and the higher the sweetness. The other varieties were similar.

From the above, the quality of fruit (appearance and taste)
Regarding fruit color, grain weight and refractometer reading, the treatment section (UV cut section) was better than the conventional section because the UV cut section had a higher ripening rate than the conventional section. Low,
Further, it is considered that since the yellowing of the leaves did not progress, the UV cut was useful for preventing aging, and a healthy state could be maintained for a long time. However, if ultraviolet rays are cut during the entire growth period, the fruit will remain unripe due to delayed coloration of the fruits (chain line in Fig. 1), and it will be harvested for about two months (1.5 to 2.5 months).
It is necessary to replace the UV cut film with a normal UV transparent film before (about May).

[0019]

As described above, the method for suppressing grape cultivation according to the present invention can be applied to rain cultivation covered with a film.
From the beginning (preferably before germination), it is coated with an ultraviolet-cut film, and is replaced with an ultraviolet-transmitting film about two months before the harvest period. Therefore, various excellent effects as described below are exhibited.

It is possible to extend the harvest two to three months from the original harvest time while maintaining the quality or exhibiting a considerably higher quality than the conventional method. Therefore, the gift can be provided to the market at the end of the year, which is the maximum demand period. In addition, the period of photosynthesis is prolonged, so that the quality is improved and the production amount is increased, and the unit price is increased, so that high income can be expected.

On the other hand, two kinds of films, an ultraviolet ray cut film and an ultraviolet ray transmission type film, are prepared, and the film is simply re-exchanged once in the middle, and the fertilizer cost is slightly increased due to long-term cultivation. It takes, but conversely,
The cost and labor required for production are hardly increased as compared with the conventional method, for example, the cost of disinfection is reduced because the occurrence of gray mold disease is suppressed by the UV cut. Also, unlike forcing cultivation, it does not waste energy and makes a very high contribution in viticulture.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of qualitative changes in light on fruit color of Morgen Schön.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of a qualitative change in light on one grain weight of Morgen-Schön.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of qualitative changes in light on Morgen-Schön refractometer readings.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of qualitative changes in light on the free acid of Morgen Shane.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of qualitative changes in light on the shoot length of Morgen-Schön.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of a qualitative change in light on the fruit color of Akamine.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of a qualitative change in light on one grain weight of Akamine.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of qualitative changes in light on Akamine refractometer readings.

FIG. 9 is a graph showing the effect of qualitative changes in light on the free acid of Akamine.

FIG. 10 is a graph showing the effect of a qualitative change in light on the shoot length of Akamine.

FIG. 11 is a graph showing the effect of qualitative changes in light on the maturity of Morgen-Schön.

FIG. 12 is a graph showing the effect of a qualitative change in light on the maturity of Muscat.

FIG. 13 is a graph showing the effect of qualitative changes in light on the maturity of Kai Road.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) A01G 17/02 A01G 13/02 JICST file (JOIS)

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] Claims: 1. In the rain cultivation of grapes, the grape is covered with an ultraviolet ray cut film from the beginning, so that the grape is harvested in a period of 1.5 to 1.5.
2. A method for suppressing grape cultivation, wherein the grape is replaced with an ultraviolet-transmitting film about five months ago.