CN104137387B - 非接触供电系统、供电装置、受电装置及非接触供电系统的控制方法 - Google Patents
非接触供电系统、供电装置、受电装置及非接触供电系统的控制方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
在非接触供电中,合适地选择供电装置以对受电装置进行供电。受电装置(20)向多个供电装置(10)发送自身要求供电的功率即请求功率,供电装置(10)从受电装置(20)接收请求功率时,基于接收到的请求功率,生成作为受电装置(20)选择供电装置(10)时的判断基准而使用的信息,即判断基准信息(170),将生成的判断基准信息(170)发送给受电装置(20),受电装置(20)接收判断基准信息(170),基于判断基准信息(170)选择自身接受供电的供电装置(10),向选择的供电装置(10)发送供电开始请求,供电装置(10)接收供电开始请求时开始对受电装置(20)的供电。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种非接触供电系统、供电装置、受电装置及非接触供电系统的控制方法,尤其是涉及一种用于合适地选择供电装置来向受电装置进行供电的技术。
背景技术
在专利文献1中记载了一种无线受电装置,具备:接收线圈,其用于接收从无线供电装置发送的包含电场、磁场、电磁场中的某一种的电力信号;桥接电路,其与接收线圈连接,结构为其内部的各开关的接通、断开状态能够以第1状态和第2状态切换;接收器,其接收从供电装置发送的、包含第1状态和第2状态的切换的频率信息以及相位信息的至少一个的控制信号;控制部,其根据控制信号切换桥接电路的第1状态和第2状态。
在专利文献2中记载了一种非接触供电系统,其具备:受电侧天线,其安装在将电能作为动力源使用的设备上;以及交流电力驱动器,其将交流电力向供电侧天线供给,使得由供电侧天线向受电侧天线匹配共振频率,当检测到上述设备进入了供电侧天线的可供电区域内时开始电力供给。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2011-244684号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2011-234565号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
当今,与通过无线电力传输进行供电的非接触供电相关的技术受到瞩目,日本总务省也以2015~2020年为目标,进行面向电气产品的无线化的研究。因此,可以预想到今后对应于非接触供电的电气产品(受电装置)快速普及,用于对这些受电装置进行供电的供电装置将设置在家庭和企业等各个地方。
这里设想以切换等为目的,将多个供电装置邻接配置的情况下,邻接的各个供电装置能够供电的范围(以下称为供电区域。)在供电区域的边界附近等处重叠的情况。因此,受电装置存在于重叠的供电区域内的情况下,需要一种根据受电装置的状况或供电装置的状况,合适地选择供电装置来对受电装置进行供电的机制。
本发明是鉴于这样的背景而提出的,其目的为提供一种非接触供电系统、供电装置、受电装置及非接触供电系统的控制方法,能够合适地选择供电装置来对受电装置进行供电。
用于解决课题的手段
为了达到上述目的,本发明中的一种方式是包含受电装置以及对所述受电装置进行供电的多个供电装置而构成的非接触供电系统,所述受电装置向所述供电装置发送自身请求供电的功率,即请求功率;所述供电装置从所述受电装置接收所述请求功率时,基于接收的所述请求功率,生成作为所述受电装置选择所述供电装置时的判断基准而使用的信息,即判断基准信息,并将生成的所述判断基准信息发送给所述受电装置;所述受电装置接收所述判断基准信息,基于所述判断基准信息选择自身接受供电的所述供电装置,并向选择的所述供电装置发送供电开始请求;所述供电装置接收所述供电开始请求时,开始向所述受电装置的供电。
根据本发明,受电装置基于由各个供电装置基于请求功率生成的判断基准信息选择接受供电的供电装置,因此能够合适地选择供电装置,以向受电装置进行供电。
本发明中的另一种方式是上述非接触供电系统,其与获取所述受电装置的当前位置的位置信息提供装置以能够通信的方式连接,所述供电装置从所述位置信息提供装置获取所述受电装置当前位置,基于获取的所述当前位置,求出从自身到所述受电装置之间的距离,求出与求得的距离对应的、向所述受电装置发送电力时的传输效率,基于接收的所述请求功率和求出的所述传输效率生成所述判断基准信息,将生成的所述判断基准信息发送给所述受电装置。
根据本发明,供电装置求出向受电装置发送电力时的传输效率,基于求出的传输效率和请求功率生成判断基准信息,因此受电装置能够基于请求功率以及传输效率,选择适合于接受供电的供电装置。
本发明中的另一种方式是上述非接触供电系统,所述位置信息提供装置具有多个天线,所述天线相互邻接配置,接收位作为从所述受电装置发送来的无线信号的置标定信号,所述位置信息提供装置基于接收的所述位置标定信号的相位差,求出从自身看过去所述受电装置存在的方向α,基于求出的所述方向α求出该受电装置的当前位置。
根据本发明,能够准确地获取受电装置的当前位置,因此供电装置能够准确地求出向受电装置发送电力时的传输效率,受电装置能够选择适合于接受供电的供电装置并接受供电。
本发明中的另一种方式是上述非接触供电系统,所述供电装置判断所述传输效率是否超过了预先设定的阈值,基于所述判断的结果生成所述判断基准信息,所述受电装置基于所述生成的判断基准信息进行所述供电装置的选择。
根据本发明,受电装置能够基于传输效率是否超过了阈值来选择供电装置,因此受电装置能够选择适合于接受供电的供电装置并接受供电。
本发明中的另一种方式是上述非接触供电系统,所述供电装置存储基于从所述位置信息提供装置获取的所述受电装置的当前位置的所述受电装置的移动履历,基于所述移动履历生成所述判断基准信息,所述受电装置基于所述生成的判断基准信息进行所述供电装置的选择。
根据本发明,受电装置能够基于由供电装置基于该受电装置的移动履历生成的判断基准选择接受供电的供电装置,因此受电装置能够选择适合于接受供电的供电装置并接受供电。
此外,本申请中公开的课题及其解决方法通过具体实施方式一栏以及附图更为清楚。
发明的效果
根据本发明,能够合适地选择供电装置来对受电装置进行供电。
附图说明
图1是表示非接触供电系统1的结构的图。
图2是表示供电装置10的硬件结构的图。
图3是表示供电装置10具备的主要功能的图。
图4是表示受电装置20的硬件结构的图。
图5是表示受电装置20具备的主要功能的图。
图6是表示位置标定信号600的结构的图。
图7是说明供电装置10和受电装置20的位置关系(表示高度及距离的变量的取法)的图。
图8是表示供电装置10的天线群142和受电装置20的关系的图。
图9是表示供电装置10和受电装置20的位置关系(表示高度、距离、角度的变量的取法)的图。
图10是说明供电处理S1000的流程图。
图11是说明供电处理S1000的流程图。
图12是表示请求功率信息1200的数据结构的图。
图13是表示判断基准信息170的数据结构的图。
图14是说明判断基准信息发送处理S1400的细节的流程图。
图15是表示判断基准信息管理表250的一个例子的图。
图16是表示供电开始请求160的数据结构的图。
具体实施方式
以下参照附图对本发明的实施方式进行说明。
图1表示作为本实施方式说明的非接触供电系统1的概略结构。如该图所示,非接触供电系统1包含一个以上的受电装置20、以及对受电装置20进行非接触供电的多个供电装置10(1)、10(2)、10(3)……。如该图所示,对于各供电装置10(1)、10(2)、10(3)……,从通过配电线等电气回路3(1)、3(2)、3(3)与商用电力系统等连接的配电盘2供给驱动电力。
受电装置20为例如便携电话机、便携信息终端、小型家电设备、电动汽车等。供电装置10设置在使用受电装置20的环境(受电装置20的使用者进出的室内、受电装置20的使用者通行的户外等)中。
图2中表示供电装置10的硬件结构。如该图所示,供电装置10具备:电源装置11、供电电力供给电路12、供电元件13、位置信息提供装置14、通信电路15、中央处理装置16、存储装置17、输入装置18、显示装置19以及计时电路51。还有,位置信息提供装置14可以与供电装置10为一体结构,也可以与供电装置10分离设置。
电源装置11为例如开关方式或线性方式的电源,供给用于驱动供电装置10的结构要素的电力。
供电电力供给电路12包含驱动电路(门驱动器、半桥驱动器等),基于从电源装置11供给的电力,生成向供电元件13供给的预定频率的驱动电流。
供电元件13产生用于向受电装置20供给供电电力的磁场、电场、或者电磁场。例如,上述非接触供电以磁场方式(磁场耦合方式、磁共振方式)进行的情况下,供电元件13为线圈等电感性元件。另外,例如上述非接触供电以电场方式(电场耦合方式、电场共振方式)进行的情况下,供电元件13为电容器等电容性元件。另外,例如上述非接触供电以电磁波方式进行的情况下,供电元件13为天线。
位置信息提供装置14具备切换开关141及天线群142,从受电装置20接收后述的用于位置标定的无线信号(以下称为位置标定信号600。)。
通信电路15在受电装置20、其他供电装置10、配电盘2(或者设在配电盘2中的智能电表)之间,经由通信单元(无线LAN(LAN:Local Area Network,局域网)、符合IEEE 802.15.1标准的无线通信、符合IEEE 802.15.4标准的无线通信、IrDA(Infrared Data Association,红外数据组织)、电力线通信(PLC:Power Line Communication)等),进行有线通信或者无线通信。此外,也可以通过将供电信号调制(Modulation),也就是通过将要传达的信息包含在供电信号中进行供电装置10和受电装置20之间的通信。
中央处理装置16使用CPU或MPU等构成,进行供电装置10的总体性控制。存储装置17使用RAM、ROM、NVRAM等构成,存储程序和数据。输入装置18为例如触摸面板和数字键盘等,按照用户的操作输入接受数据的输入。显示装置19为液晶面板或有机EL面板等。计时电路51例如使用RTC(Real Time Clock,实时时钟)构成,生成当前日期时间等日期时间信息(Time Stamp,时间戳)。
图3表示供电装置10具备的主要功能。如该图所示,供电装置10具备:受电装置位置标定部181、移动履历存储部182、传输效率计算部183、电气回路使用率获取部184、请求功率信息接收部185、判断基准信息生成部186、判断基准信息发送部187、供电开始请求接收部188、供电开始处理部189、以及供电区域存储部190。还有,这些功能通过供电装置10的硬件、或者通过供电装置10的中央处理装置14读取存放在存储装置15中的程序并执行来实现。
其中,受电装置位置标定部181从位置信息提供装置14获取受电装置20的当前位置。此外,关于位置信息提供装置14的细节在后面叙述。
移动履历存储部182存储基于从位置信息提供装置14获取的受电装置20的当前位置的受电装置20的移动履历。移动履历存储部182将受电装置20的移动履历作为例如将以二维坐标系表示的受电装置20的位置信息和获取该位置信息的时刻加以对应的数据来存储。
传输效率计算部183基于受电装置位置标定部181获取的受电装置20的当前位置求出从该供电装置10到受电装置20之间的距离,基于求出的距离,求出向受电装置20发送电力时的传输效率η。
电气回路使用率获取部184获取连接有供电装置10的各电气回路3(1)、3(2)……的使用率r(1)、r(2)……。使用率r例如通过相对于最大可供给电流值(考虑到安全率的电流值)的、当前流过该电气回路3的电流值的比例来表示。此外,电气回路使用率获取部184在与例如同样连接在电气回路3上的其他电气产品(包含其他的供电装置10)之间将各自当前消耗的电流值进行信息交换,由此获取各电气回路3(1)、3(2)……的使用率r(1)、r(2)……。另外,电气回路使用率获取部184例如经由上述的通信单元与配电盘2(或者设在配电盘2中的智能电表等)通信,从配电盘2(或者设在配电盘2中的智能电表等)获取各电气回路3(1)、3(2)……的使用率r(1)、r(2)……。
请求功率信息接收部185接收从受电装置20发送来的、将在后面叙述的请求功率信息1200。
判断基准信息生成部186生成作为受电装置20选择供电装置10时的判断基准使用的信息(以下称为判断基准信息170)。关于判断基准信息170的细节将在后面叙述。
判断基准信息发送部187将判断基准信息生成部186生成的判断基准信息170发送给受电装置20。
供电开始请求接收部188接收从受电装置20发送来的供电开始请求。
当供电开始请求接收部188接收到供电开始请求时,供电开始处理部189开始向受电装置20的非接触供电。
供电区域存储部190存储确定供电区域的信息(以下称为供电区域信息。)。供电区域信息用例如二维坐标系表示。
图4中表示受电装置20的硬件结构。如该图所示,受电装置20具备:电动势发生电路21、负载22、位置标定信号发送装置23、消耗功率测量电路24、通信电路25、中央处理装置26、存储装置27、输入装置28、显示装置29以及蓄电装置30。
电动势发生电路21使用受电侧线圈等受电元件211构成。电动势发生电路21中利用从供电装置10发送来的磁场、电场或者电磁场来发生电动势。在电动势发生电路21中发生的电动势被作为受电装置20所具备的硬件的驱动电力和蓄电装置30的充电电力而利用。
例如当受电装置20为电气产品时,负载22是对于使用者帮助实现该电气产品所提供的服务的硬件,例如受电装置20为便携电话机时,负载22为实现便携电话机的通话功能的硬件(接收电路、发送电路等)。
位置标定信号发送装置23包含后述的位置标定信号600的发送电路和发送位置标定信号600的天线231。
消耗功率测量电路24测量受电装置20的硬件的当前的消耗功率。消耗功率中包含例如中央处理装置26和通信电路25的驱动功率、负载22的驱动功率、蓄电装置30的充电功率等。
通信电路25是在与供电装置10之间的、实现经由通信单元(无线LAN、符合IEEE 802.15.1标准的无线通信、符合IEEE 802.15.4标准的无线通信、IrDA等)的无线通信的电路。
中央处理装置26使用CPU或MPU等构成,进行受电装置20的总体性控制。存储装置27使用RAM、ROM、NVRAM等构成,存储程序和数据。输入装置28为键盘和触摸面板等。显示装置29为液晶面板等。
蓄电装置30包含二次电池(锂离子电池、锂聚合物电池、镍氢电池、镍镉电池等)或电容元件(双电层电容器等)等蓄电池、以及用于将基于电动势发生电路21中发生的电动势的电流向蓄电池供给的整流电路、滤波电路、DC/AC转换器、DC/DC转换器等供电电路。还有,受电装置20并不一定具备蓄电装置30。例如受电装置20的结构也可以为将基于电动势发生电路21发生的电动势的电流向负载22直接供给。
图5中表示受电装置20具备的主要功能。如该图所示,受电装置20具备:位置标定信号发送部231、请求功率信息发送部232、判断基准信息接收部233、供电装置选择部234以及供电开始请求发送部235。还有,这些功能通过受电装置20的硬件、或者通过受电装置20的中央处理装置26读取存放在存储装置27中的程序并执行来实现。
其中,位置标定信号发送部231控制位置标定信号发送装置23,从天线231发送位置标定信号600。
请求功率信息发送部232生成将在后面叙述的请求功率信息1200,将其发送给供电装置10。
判断基准信息接收部233接收从供电装置10发送来的判断基准信息170。关于判断基准信息170的细节将在后面叙述。
供电装置选择部234基于从供电装置10发送来的判断基准信息170,选择自身接受供电的供电装置10。
供电开始请求发送部235向供电装置选择部234所选择的供电装置10发送供电开始请求。
另外如该图所示,受电装置20存储有判断基准信息管理表250。关于判断基准信息管理表250的细节将在后面叙述。
<位置标定的结构>
以下对标定受电装置20的当前位置的机制进行说明。此外,作为以下的说明的前提,假定受电装置20以充分短的时间间隔重复(例如周期性地)从天线231发送由被扩频过的无线信号构成的位置标定信号600。另外,假定供电装置10将构成天线群142的多个天线以充分短的周期切换,同时接收从受电装置20发送来的位置标定信号600。
图6中表示位置标定信号600的结构。如该图所示,在位置标定信号600中,包含控制信号611、测定信号612以及终端信息613等信号和信息。
其中,控制信号611包含有调制波和各种控制信号。测定信号612包含有数毫秒程度的未调制波(例如,用于检测受电装置20相对于供电装置10所存在的方向和用于检测从供电装置10到受电装置20的相对距离的信号(例如2048码片的扩散符号))。终端信息613包含对每个受电装置20分配的识别符(受电装置ID)。
图7中表示供电装置10和受电装置20的位置关系(表示高度及距离的变量的取法)。在该例中,受电装置20存在于距离平面Z高度h(m)的位置,供电装置10被固定于距离平面Z高度H(m)的位置。从供电装置10的正下方到受电装置20为止的平面Z上的直线距离为L(m)。
图8中表示供电装置10的天线群142和受电装置20的关系。如该图所示,在这个例子中,天线群142由以位置标定信号600的1个波长以下的间隔(例如位置标定信号600为2.4GHz频带的电波时,以1个波长(12.5cm)以下的间隔)平面性按近正方形状以等间隔邻接配置的4个圆偏振波指向性天线142a~142d构成。
在该图中,若天线群142的高度位置上的水平方向与受电装置20相对于天线群142的方向所成的角为Φ,则它们之间有如下的关系。
Φ=arcTan(D(m)/L(m))=arcSin(ΔL(cm)/6(cm))
此外,ΔL(cm)是构成天线群142的天线中,特定的2个天线与受电装置20之间的传播路径长度差(路径差)。
这里,若通过4个天线142a~142d中特定的2个天线142接收的位置标定信号600的相位差为Δθ,则有如下的关系。
ΔL(cm)=Δθ/(2π/λ(cm))
这里,例如位置标定信号600为2.4GHz频带的电波(波长λ=12.5(cm))的情况下,
Φ=arcSin(Δθ/π)
在可测定范围(-π/2<Δθ<π/2)内,有Φ=Δθ(弧度),能够根据相位差Δθ来确定受电装置20存在的方向Φ。
还有,如图9所示,若设供电装置10的天线群142的高度为H(m)、受电装置20的高度为h(m)、以供电装置10的正下方的平面Z上的位置作为原点来在平面Z上设定直角坐标(X轴、Y轴),取根据上述方向Φ求出的、从供电装置10到受电装置20的方向与X轴所成的角为ΔΦ(x)、从供电装置10到受电装置20的方向与Y轴所成的角为ΔΦ(y),则受电装置20相对于原点的位置可以根据下式求出。
Δd(x)=(H-h)×Tan(ΔΦ(x))
Δd(y)=(H-h)×Tan(ΔΦ(y))
并且,如果取从供电装置10向平面Z垂下的垂线与平面Z相交的点为原点(X1,Y1),则受电装置20的当前位置(Xx,Yy)可以根据下式求出。
Xx=X1+Δd(x)
Yy=Y1+Δd(y)
关于以上说明的位置标定的方法,在例如日本特开2004-184078号公报、日本特开2005-351877号公报、日本特开2005-351878号公报以及日本特开2006-23261号公报等中有详细叙述。
<处理说明>
以下,关于受电装置20从供电装置10接受非接触供电时,在受电装置20和供电装置10之间进行的处理(以下称为供电处理S1000。),与图10及图11所示的流程图一起对供电处理S1000进行说明。
如图10所示,首先从受电装置20发送供电请求(S1011)。供电装置10从受电装置20接收到供电请求时,发送位置标定信号600的发送请求(S1021、S1022),在预定时间之内等待位置标定信号600的接收(S1023)。
供电装置10在预定时间内没能够接收到位置标定信号600的情况下(超时的情况下)(S1023:是),供电装置10在错误计数a上加1(S1051)。
另外,供电装置10判断错误计数a是否超过了容许次数(对于错误计数a预先设定的容许次数)(S1052),当错误计数a超过了容许次数时(S1052:否),中止等待来自受电装置20的位置标定信号600。还有,通过后述的S1033的处理对受电装置20开始供电的情况下,供电装置10停止该供电。
还有,作为上述错误计数a超过容许次数的情况、即从受电装置20无法接收位置标定信号600的案例,有受电装置20中发生了某种故障的情况、受电装置20发送了供电请求(S1011)之后受电装置20移动到了远离供电装置10的地方的情况等。
受电装置20接收到上述发送请求时(S1012),发送位置标定信号600(S1013)。
供电装置10在预定时间内从受电装置20接收到位置标定信号600时(S1023:否,S1024),将错误计数a复位(S1025),使用接收到的位置标定信号600来标定受电装置20当前位置(S1026)。还有,受电装置20存储将标定的受电装置20的当前位置和当前时刻加以对应的数据,作为移动履历。
供电装置10基于S1026中获取的受电装置20的当前位置,判断受电装置20当前是否存在于供电区域内(S1027)。
受电装置20当前存在于供电区域内的情况下(S1027:是)进入S1028,另一方面,受电装置20当前不存在于供电区域内的情况下(S1027:否),供电处理S1000结束。
在S1028中,供电装置10基于S1026中获取的受电装置20的当前位置求出自身与受电装置20之间的距离,根据求出的距离,求出向受电装置20发送电力时的传输效率η。例如,供电装置10基于供电装置10和受电装置20之间的耦合系数(k)(k根据距离确定)与Q值的乘积值S,利用下式求出传输效率η。
η=((1+S^2)^(1/2)×(S^2))/(((1+(1+S^2)^(1/2))×(S^2))+((1+(1+S^2)^(1/2))^2))
另一方面,受电装置20在发送位置标定信号600(S1013)后,生成请求功率P,将设定了所生成的请求功率P的请求功率信息1200发送给供电装置10(S1014)。还有,受电装置20例如基于受电装置20的当前的消耗功率,生成请求功率P。之后,受电装置20在预定时间内等待接收来自供电装置10的判断基准信息170。
图12中表示受电装置20发送的请求功率信息1200的数据结构。如该图所示,请求功率信息1200包含与受电装置ID1211、请求功率1212、以及频率1213各项目对应的信息。
其中,在受电装置ID1211中设定有分配给每一个受电装置20的识别符(受电装置ID)。在请求功率1212中设定有请求功率P。在频率1213中设定有该受电装置20接受供电时使用的信道(供电电力的频率(例如共振频率))。
回到图10,供电装置10接收到请求功率信息1200时(S1029),生成判断基准信息170,将其发送给受电装置20(图11的S1400。以下,将该处理称为判断基准信息发送处理1400。)。
图13中表示判断基准信息170的数据结构。如该图所示,判断基准信息170包含与供电装置ID171、请求功率判断基准172、传输效率判断基准173、移动履历判断基准174、以及电路使用率判断基准175的各个项目对应的信息。
其中,在供电装置ID171中,设定有生成该判断基准信息170的供电装置10的识别符(以下称为供电装置ID)。
在请求功率判断基准172中,设定有基于受电装置20发送来的请求功率信息1200的请求功率1212中设定的请求功率P的判断基准。
另外在传输效率判断基准173中,设定有基于传输效率η的判断基准。
另外在移动履历判断基准174中,设定有基于受电装置20的移动履历的判断基准。
在电路使用率判断基准175中,设定有基于电气回路3的使用率r的判断基准。
图14中表示图11的判断基准信息发送处理S1400的细节。以下,与该图一起对判断基准信息发送处理S1400进行说明。
如该图所示,首先,供电装置10基于请求功率P和S1028中求出的传输效率η,判断请求功率P/(η-α)(其中α为裕量)是否超过了预先设定的阈值(S1431)。
请求功率P/(η-α)为预先设定的阈值(例如根据供电装置10的供电功率设定的最大容许值)以下的情况下(S1431:是),供电装置10在判断基准信息170的请求功率判断基准172中设定“开”(S1432)。之后进入S1435。
另一方面,当请求功率P/(η-α)超过了上述阈值的情况下(S1431:否),供电装置10在判断基准信息170的请求功率判断基准172中设定“关”(S1433)。之后进入S1435。
在S1435中,供电装置10判断S1028中求出的传输效率η是否在容许范围内。具体来说,供电装置10通过将S1028中求出的传输效率η乘以预定的比例(例如,基于计算供电装置10和受电装置20之间的距离时产生的误差、消耗功率测量电路24的测定精度、气压、或者气温所确定的比例)的值与预先设定的阈值比较,来判断传输效率η是否在容许范围内。
传输效率η在容许范围内的情况下(S1435:是),供电装置10在判断基准信息170的传输效率判断基准173中设定“开”(S1436)。之后进入S1439。
另一方面,当传输效率η不在容许范围内的情况下(S1435:否),供电装置10在判断基准信息170的传输效率判断基准173中设定“关”(S1437)。之后进入S1439。
在S1439中,供电装置10判断是否有受电装置20移动的可能性。具体来说,例如,供电装置10参照预定期间内的受电装置20的移动履历,根据该预定期间内的该受电装置20的移动距离是否在预定的阈值以下,判断是否有受电装置20移动的可能性。
供电装置10判断为有受电装置20移动的可能性时(S1439:是)进入S1440。另一方面,供电装置10判断为没有受电装置20移动的可能性时(S1439:否),在判断基准信息170的移动履历判断基准174中设定“开”(S1441)。之后进入S1443。
在S1440中,供电装置10判断自身向受电装置20进行供电时,在这个供电期间中,受电装置20是否一直在自身的供电区域内。例如供电装置10基于受电装置20的移动履历,预测从当前起到预定时间后为止受电装置20所存在的范围(例如,该预测使用卡尔曼滤波等滤波处理进行。),调查预测出的存在范围是否在自身的供电区域内,由此判断供电期间中,受电装置20是否一直在自身的供电区域内。
判断为供电期间中、受电装置20一直在自身的供电区域内时(S1440:是),供电装置10在判断基准信息170的移动履历判断基准174中设定“开”(S1441)。之后进入S1443。
另一方面,当判断为供电期间中、受电装置20有时不在自身的供电区域内时(S1440:否),供电装置10在判断基准信息170的移动履历判断基准174中设定“关”(S1442)。之后进入S1443。
在S1443中,供电装置10基于自身从配电盘2接受电力供给的电气回路3的使用率r,判断自身是否能够对受电装置20进行供电。具体来说,供电装置10进行了与请求功率P对应的供电时,通过调查流过电气回路3的电流值是否超过最大可供给电流值、也就是电气回路3是否为过负载,判断自身是否能够对受电装置20进行供电。还有,作为在上述判断时使用的、与请求功率P对应的供电所必需的电流值,使用例如考虑到传输效率η和裕量α的值。
当判断为自身能够对受电装置20进行供电的情况下(S1443:是),供电装置10在判断基准信息170的电路使用率判断基准175中设定“开”(S1444)。之后进入S1446。
另一方面,当判断为自身不能够对受电装置20进行供电的情况下(S1443:否),供电装置10在判断基准信息170的电路使用率判断基准175中设定“关”(S1445)。之后进入S1446。
在S1446中,供电装置10将如上设定了内容的判断基准信息170发送给受电装置20。
回到图11,在S1015中,受电装置20将等待接收过程中接收的判断基准信息170录入(追记)到判断基准信息管理表250中。
图15中表示判断基准信息管理表250的一个例子。如该图所示,受电装置20每当从供电装置10接收到判断基准信息170时,将接收到的判断基准信息170录入(追记)到判断基准信息管理表250中。
接着,受电装置20基于判断基准信息管理表250选择自身接受供电的供电装置10(S1016)。具体来说,受电装置20在录入到判断基准信息管理表250中的判断基准信息170(记录)中,从电路使用率判断基准175中设定为“开”的记录之中,选择设定“开”最多的记录,将与该记录的供电装置ID对应的供电装置10选择为自身接受供电的供电装置10。
受电装置20选择自身接受供电的供电装置10时,发送供电开始请求160(S1017)。
图16中表示受电装置20发送的供电开始请求160的数据结构。如该图所示,供电开始请求160包含与受电装置ID161、供电装置ID162的各项目对应的信息。其中,在受电装置ID161中设定有发送了该供电开始请求160的受电装置20的受电装置ID。另外,在供电装置ID162中,设定有在S1016中选择的供电装置10的供电装置ID。
供电装置10从受电装置20接受供电开始请求160时,调查供电开始请求160的供电装置ID162中是否对自身设定了供电装置ID(S1032)。在供电装置ID162中对自身设定了供电装置ID时(S1032:是),供电装置10对受电装置20开始供电。之后返回S1021。另一方面,在供电装置ID162中设定了自身以外的供电装置ID的情况下(S1232:否)返回S1021的处理。
供电装置10开始供电后,实时监视来自受电装置20的供电结束请求的接收(S1034),接收到供电结束请求时(S1034:是),结束对受电装置20的供电。此外,受电装置20在例如对受电装置20的输入装置28进行了结束供电的操作输入时发送供电结束请求。
如以上所说明的,在本实施方式的非接触供电系统1中,受电装置20基于由每一个供电装置10生成的判断基准信息170选择接受供电的供电装置10,因此受电装置20能够基于判断基准信息170选择适于自身接受供电的供电装置10。
另外,供电装置10基于传输效率η生成判断基准信息170,因此受电装置20能够基于判断基准信息170选择适于自身接受供电的供电装置10。此外,供电装置10基于位置标定功能获取受电装置20的准确的当前位置,基于它求出传输效率η,因此受电装置20能够选择适于自身接受供电的供电装置10。
另外,供电装置10根据供电装置10基于自身的移动履历所生成的判断基准生成判断基准信息170,因此受电装置20能够基于判断基准信息170选择适于自身接受供电的供电装置10。
另外,供电装置10根据自身正在接受驱动电力的供给的电气回路的使用率r生成判断基准信息170,因此受电装置20能够基于判断基准信息170选择适于自身接受供电的供电装置10。
以上对本发明的实施方式进行了说明,但以上的说明是为了容易地理解本发明,而并不限定本发明。当然,本发明可以在不脱离其宗旨的情况下被变更、改良,同时本发明也包含其等价物。
例如,在以上的说明中,是从受电装置20发送位置标定信号600,供电装置10将其接收,并在供电装置10侧进行受电装置20的位置标定的情况,但也可以与此相反,从供电装置10发送位置标定信号600,受电装置20将其接收,并在受电装置20侧进行位置标定。
符号说明
1 非接触供电系统
10 供电装置
14 位置信息提供装置
20 受电装置
170 判断基准信息
171 供电装置ID
172 请求功率判断基准
173 传输效率判断基准
174 移动履历判断基准
175 电路使用率判断基准
181 受电装置位置标定部
182 移动履历存储部
183 传输效率计算部
184 电气回路使用率获取部
234 供电装置选择部
250 判断基准信息管理表
Claims (9)
1.一种非接触供电系统,其包含受电装置以及对所述受电装置进行供电的多个供电装置而构成,所述非接触供电系统的特征在于,
所述受电装置向所述供电装置发送自身请求供电的功率,即请求功率,
所述供电装置从所述受电装置接收所述请求功率时,基于接收的所述请求功率以及所述供电装置接受电力供给的电气回路的电气回路使用率,生成作为所述受电装置选择所述供电装置时的判断基准而使用的信息,即判断基准信息,并将生成的所述判断基准信息发送给所述受电装置,
所述受电装置接收所述判断基准信息,基于所述判断基准信息选择自身接受供电的所述供电装置,并向选择的所述供电装置发送供电开始请求,
所述供电装置接收所述供电开始请求时,开始向所述受电装置的供电,
其中,所述电气回路使用率是指当前流过所述电气回路的电流值相对于所述电气回路的最大可供给电流值的比例。
2.如权利要求1所述的非接触供电系统,其特征在于,
其与获取所述受电装置的当前位置的位置信息提供装置以能够通信的方式连接,
所述供电装置从所述位置信息提供装置获取所述受电装置当前位置,基于获取的所述当前位置,求出从自身到所述受电装置之间的距离,求出与求得的距离对应的、向所述受电装置发送电力时的传输效率,基于接收的所述请求功率和求出的所述传输效率生成所述判断基准信息,将生成的所述判断基准信息发送给所述受电装置。
3.如权利要求2所述的非接触供电系统,其特征在于,
所述位置信息提供装置具有多个天线,所述多个天线相互邻接配置,接收作为从所述受电装置发送来的无线信号的位置标定信号,
所述位置信息提供装置基于接收的所述位置标定信号的相位差,求出从自身看过去所述受电装置存在的方向α,基于求出的所述方向α求出该受电装置的当前位置。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的非接触供电系统,其特征在于,
所述供电装置判断所述传输效率是否超过了预先设定的阈值,基于判断的结果生成所述判断基准信息,
所述受电装置基于所生成的判断基准信息进行所述供电装置的选择。
5.如权利要求2或3所述的非接触供电系统,其特征在于,
所述供电装置存储基于从所述位置信息提供装置获取的所述受电装置的当前位置的所述受电装置的移动履历,基于所述移动履历生成所述判断基准信息,
所述受电装置基于所生成的判断基准信息进行所述供电装置的选择。
6.如权利要求4所述的非接触供电系统,其特征在于,
所述供电装置存储基于从所述位置信息提供装置获取的所述受电装置的当前位置的所述受电装置的移动履历,基于所述移动履历生成所述判断基准信息,
所述受电装置基于所生成的判断基准信息进行所述供电装置的选择。
7.一种供电装置,是用于权利要求1所述的非接触供电系统的所述供电装置,其特征在于,具备:
从所述受电装置接收所述请求功率时,基于接收的所述请求功率生成作为所述受电装置选择所述供电装置时的判断基准而使用的信息,即判断基准信息的功能;
将生成的所述判断基准信息发送给所述受电装置的功能;以及
接收到所述判断基准信息时开始向所述受电装置的供电的功能。
8.一种供电装置,是用于权利要求2所述的非接触供电系统的所述供电装置,其特征在于,具备:
从所述位置信息提供装置获取所述受电装置的当前位置的功能;
基于获取的所述当前位置,求出从自身到所述受电装置之间的距离的功能;
求出与求得的距离对应的、向所述受电装置发送电力时的传输效率的功能;
基于接收的所述请求功率和求出的所述传输效率生成所述判断基准信息的功能;以及
将生成的所述判断基准信息发送给所述受电装置的功能。
9.一种非接触供电系统的控制方法,所述非接触供电系统包含受电装置以及对所述受电装置进行供电的多个供电装置而构成,
所述非接触供电系统的控制方法的特征在于,包含:
所述受电装置向所述供电装置发送自身请求供电的功率,即请求功率的步骤;
所述供电装置从所述受电装置接收所述请求功率时,基于接收的所述请求功率以及所述供电装置接受电力供给的电气回路的电气回路使用率,生成作为所述受电装置选择所述供电装置时的判断基准而使用的信息,即判断基准信息的步骤;
所述供电装置将生成的所述判断基准信息发送给所述受电装置的步骤;
所述受电装置接收所述判断基准信息的步骤;
所述受电装置基于所述判断基准信息选择自身接受供电的所述供电装置的步骤;
所述受电装置向选择的所述供电装置发送供电开始请求的步骤;以及
所述供电装置接收所述供电开始请求时开始向所述受电装置的供电的步骤,
其中,所述电气回路使用率是指当前流过所述电气回路的电流值相对于所述电气回路的最大可供给电流值的比例。
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EP2822146A1 (en) | 2015-01-07 |
KR20140107359A (ko) | 2014-09-04 |
JPWO2013128597A1 (ja) | 2015-07-30 |
CN104137387A (zh) | 2014-11-05 |
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