CN1041207A - 组合轴 - Google Patents
组合轴 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1041207A CN1041207A CN89106307A CN89106307A CN1041207A CN 1041207 A CN1041207 A CN 1041207A CN 89106307 A CN89106307 A CN 89106307A CN 89106307 A CN89106307 A CN 89106307A CN 1041207 A CN1041207 A CN 1041207A
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- embolism
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- pipe fitting
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- 208000005189 Embolism Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000038 chest Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000039 congener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
- F16C3/04—Crankshafts, eccentric-shafts; Cranks, eccentrics
- F16C3/06—Crankshafts
- F16C3/10—Crankshafts assembled of several parts, e.g. by welding by crimping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C27/00—Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C27/02—Sliding-contact bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
- F16C35/02—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of sliding-contact bearings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
- F16D1/06—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end
- F16D1/064—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end non-disconnectable
- F16D1/072—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end non-disconnectable involving plastic deformation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
- F16D1/06—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end
- F16D1/08—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key
- F16D1/0852—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key with radial clamping between the mating surfaces of the hub and shaft
- F16D1/087—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key with radial clamping between the mating surfaces of the hub and shaft due to other loading elements in the hub or shaft
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L3/00—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets
- F16L3/08—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets substantially surrounding the pipe, cable or protective tubing
- F16L3/10—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets substantially surrounding the pipe, cable or protective tubing divided, i.e. with two or more members engaging the pipe, cable or protective tubing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
- Pulleys (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种用管件或空心轴颈制成的组合轴,特别是曲拐轴,管件上有以构形接合或传力接合固定在其上的传动件或支承件,在空心轴颈或管件的一个开口端上至少各有一个适合于耦合件或传动件内通孔截面的栓塞沿轴向插入耦合件或传动件内,以产生径向预应力。
Description
本发明涉及一种用管件或空心轴颈制成的组合轴,管件上,在通孔中有以构形接合或传力接合固定在其上的耦合件,传动件或支承件。本发明特别涉及一种曲轴或类似的轴,在这种轴上,耦合件配有许多通孔,在通孔中插有不同的空心轴颈或管件以构成曲拐或类似另件。作为传动件可以考虑用齿轮或凸轮,作为支承件可以配置简单的轴套。
已知的上述类型的轴有出版同一申请人的未经预先公开的德国专利申请第P3738808号。在其中,靠近耦合件或其同类物范围内的管件或空心轴颈予以液压扩径,以便形成传力耦合。还是同一申请人的同样未经预先公开的德国专利P3803688号中,管件或空心轴颈和相应的通孔,其接合部位的截面不是园的,而是多角形的,因而,形成一种构形接合以代替传力接合。
在这两种情况下,可传递的转矩与所用的管件或空心轴颈的壁厚有关。在这里,接合部位出现的负荷,对于一个薄壁的构件是难以经受的,结果接合部位就会变形,这种变形将使组合轴遭到破坏,或者耦合件相对于管件发生扭曲。
已知的还有一种欧洲专利EP0212577中所述的组合轴,在其中一个实心的栓杆作为曲拐轴颈压入曲拐臂的开孔中形成构形接合。它的优点是其制造成本比锻造件低,但其重量则与普通的实心曲轴相同。
本发明的目的在于提供一种在开头时所述的利用空心轴颈或管件制成的轴,其重量比较轻,与上述的轴相比,在将空心轴颈或管件固定于耦合件或传动件的部位处具有较高的强度,达到这目的的方法是在考虑到管件或空心轴颈壁厚的情况下,至少将一个与耦合件或传动件上的通孔截面相适应的栓塞轴向地插入耦合件或传动件中,以形成径向预应力。这样就形成一种适合于高转矩负荷的纯传力接合的或者在一定条件下也可能是构形接合的挤压接合,这种接合就有可能减小所用的管件或空心轴颈的壁厚从而减轻其重量。这里就可以不需要用铲背,而是管件或空心轴颈可由平滑的拉管组成。通过这种接合方法,只能应用高调质的管件,因为在这种情况下,运用目前现有技术的液压扩径法是难以达到目的的。
为形成这样的连接管件先进行扩径,然后使管件发生塑性变形,而耦合件发生弹性变形,在此同时,将拴塞挤入其内。为简便起见,在具体的耦合件和插入的管件之间还可以有一个余隙配合或过渡配合,而通过引入拴塞使管件发生弹性或塑性变形,而耦合件发生弹性变形。
这里作为适当的方法是,第一,将拴塞按轴向的方向挤入,其次,通过耦合件在通孔内的收缩或将拴塞胀大来实现这种接合,这样,各个部件都预先经过加热发生予应力,并通过温度平衡产生压配合。
一种特殊的方法是,把在冷状态下的管件有余量地轴向压入加热过的耦合件的通孔中,然后这管件也予以加热。在这个接合件中再轴向地压入一个过冷的拴塞,拴塞的温度随后就与在第一阶段接合的部件的温度相融合适应。
这种接合方法的优点在于,在第一阶段中,管件和耦合件的温度得到均衡后,在管件的接合区段的范围处产生一个加压预应力,这个预应力在第二阶段时,也就是在压入过冷的拴塞时就减小了,或者转变成管件的小量的拉伸预应力,这与基本上在管件进行扩径时所产生的强大拉伸预应力相比,不论在弯曲负荷或者扭曲负荷时都是非常有利的。此外,通过这种收缩-膨胀-加压过程,必要的压力就减少了,从而在接合阶段各部件的负荷也相应减小了。
最简单的拴塞形式就是实心的销。然而,一个经过修整的钢挤压件拴塞,在这种情况下,它还有一个底部,也同样地能适合于这种接合。此外,一个钻有膛孔的销或钻穿的销也可用作拴塞。
如上面提到过的较早的申请一样,耦合件,管件或空心轴颈和拴塞的通孔的截面都是园形的。此外,为补充传力接合的不足,也可能添加通过把部件做成多角形形状的构形接合。这里尤其可能的是管件或空心轴颈由于插进的拴塞在耦合件之间的区域内变形为园的而在耦合件的通孔内变形为多角形。从一个截面变换为另一个截面在这里可以是多种多样的。为了通过轴向拉伸,自身遏制管件或空心轴颈在径向预加应力的接合部位和连接在其上受有扭转负荷的轴部位之间的管件或空心轴颈在材料上突然变化的负荷状态,栓塞的直径至少在其一端应当逐渐地小下来。最好是这里拴塞能轴向地向外伸展超过相连的耦合件或传动件。特别是拴塞超出耦合件或传动件的轴向伸展部份的节段相对于中间不变部分的直径予以减小。
为了使从接合部位至相连的轴的自由部位的负荷状态在它径向应力方面更加稳定,可以或者将栓塞,至少在超过相连的传动件或耦合件的轴向伸展部份的节段上制成空心的或者在耦合件至少一个端面上离通孔一段距离处形成一个环形缺口。这样在栓塞,管件和耦合件之间就产生了轴向的连续变化的预应力。
根据上文就直径而言,这应当把相互间相似形式的多角形截面的变化也包括在内。
下面根据附图对本发明的轴的一个最佳实施例予以说明,图中仅详细显示了能说明本发明本质的传动元件,管件和栓塞之间的接合部位。
图1显示出一个纵断面的接合部位。
图2显示出相对于图1的栓塞的三种变形。
图1显示管件1的一个部份,在一个通孔3的范围内,利用一个插进管件1内的栓塞4把传动件或耦合件固定其上。
通孔,管件和轴颈的截面可以是园的或者是多角形的,离通孔3一段距离处在耦合元件上有环形缺口5,6,它由一个中间底座部位9和旁侧的朝外增大的弹性支承部位7,8组成,栓塞4的两个端头部位10,11,其直径较其中间部位12的直径逐渐减小,特别是这端头部位10,11轴向地超过耦合元件的伸展部份。这是可以理解的,即为了避免负荷断裂,管件1内对底座部份9或中间部位12两边的径向预应力应逐渐减小。
图2的a是一个其直径朝着一头缩小的实心栓塞14;b是一个在直径缩小的区段内带有钻孔13的栓塞24;c是一个作为空心挤压件制成的栓塞34。
两个相反方向对立的箭头从两条虚线向外分开,其间是一个中间部位,在这个部位管件1超出材料的弹性极限而变形,而两边与其相连的部位逐渐地减少变形,这里没有达到材料的弹性极限。
Claims (16)
1、一种用管件或空心轴颈制成的组合轴,特别是曲拐轴,管件上在通孔中有以构形接合或传力接合固定在其上的耦合件,传动件或支承件,其特征在于至少有一个适合于耦合件或传动件(2)内通孔(3)截面又顾及管件(1)或空心销壁厚的栓塞(4,14,24,34)轴向插入耦合件或传动件(2)内,以产生径向预应力。
2、根据权利要求1的轴,其特征在于栓塞(4,14)是制成实心的栓塞。
3、根据权利要求1的轴,其特征在于栓塞(24)至少在一部份内钻有钻孔。
4、根据权利要求1的轴,其特征在于栓塞(34)是制成精密成型的钢栓塞。
5、根据权利要求1至4中之一的轴,其特征在于栓塞(4,14,24,34)至少在一个端头上,其直径逐渐减少。
6、根据权利要求1至5中之一的轴,其特征在于栓塞(4,14,24,34)轴向超出相配合的传动件或耦合件(2)。
7、根据权利要求1至6中之一的轴,其特征在于栓塞(4)至少在其超出相配合的传动件或耦合件(2)的轴向伸展部份的端头部位(10,11),使其直径相对于中间部位(12)的直径逐渐减少。
8、根据权利要求1至7中之一的轴,其特征在于栓塞(4)至少在其超出相配合的传动件或耦合件(2)的轴向伸展部份的端头部位(10,11)是空心的。
9、根据权利要求1至8中之一的轴,其特征在于传动件或耦合件(2)的通孔(3),管件(1)或空心轴颈以及栓塞(4,14,24,34),其截面都是园形的。
10、根据权利要求1至9中之一的轴,其特征在于传动件或耦合件(2)的通孔(3),管件(1)或空心轴颈以及栓塞(4,14,24,34),其截面都是多角形的。
11、根据权利要求1至10中之一的轴,其特征在于管件(1)在每两个耦合件之间是园形的而在耦合件(2)的通孔(3)内,通过各个栓塞(4,14,24,34)变形成多角形的。
12、根据权利要求1至13中之一的轴,其特征在于耦合件(2)至少在一个端面上,离其通孔(3)一段距离处有一个环形缺口(5,6)。
13、根据权利要求1至14中之一的轴,其特征在于管件(1)通过栓塞(4,14,24,34)的中间部位(12)发生超过弹性极限的变形,并且通过至少一个栓塞的端头部位(10,11)转入纯弹性变形。
14、根据权利要求1至13中之一的轴,其特征在于管件(1)通过栓塞(4,14,24,34)发生不超出弹性极限的变形。
15、根据权利要求13至14中之一的轴,其特征在于:栓塞(4,14,24,34)使管件(1)直径扩大,进而使传动件或耦合件(2)发生纯弹性的径向变形。
16、根据权利要求1至15中之一的轴,其特征在于,第一步把冷管件压入加热状态的传动件或耦合件,第二步在冷却状态下把栓塞压入管件,使传动件或耦合件发生径向弹性变形。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3831235A DE3831235A1 (de) | 1988-09-14 | 1988-09-14 | Aufgebaute welle |
DEP3831235.2 | 1988-09-14 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1041207A true CN1041207A (zh) | 1990-04-11 |
Family
ID=6362934
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN89106307A Pending CN1041207A (zh) | 1988-09-14 | 1989-07-31 | 组合轴 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH02102911A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR900005110A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1041207A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR8904065A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE3831235A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2013940A6 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2636385A1 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2222866A (zh) |
IT (1) | IT8905210A0 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4143528C2 (de) * | 1990-10-23 | 1996-08-29 | Gkn Glaenzer Spicer | Verbindung zwischen einer rohrförmigen Welle aus einem Faserverbundwerkstoff und einem Metallzapfen |
DE4107222C2 (de) * | 1990-10-23 | 1994-12-15 | Gkn Automotive Ag | Verbindung zwischen einer rohrförmigen Welle aus einem Faserverbundwerkstoff und einem Metallzapfen, sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
DE19605894C1 (de) * | 1996-02-17 | 1997-04-10 | Supervis Ets | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Vorrichtung zum Verbinden eines Kerbverzahnten, der Übertragung von Drehmomenten dienenden Wellenzapfens |
FR3017430B1 (fr) * | 2014-02-07 | 2016-09-02 | Ntn-Snr Roulements | Bague de roulement, et roulement, assemblage et procede d'assemblage associes a cette bague |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE589451C (de) * | 1932-09-12 | 1933-12-11 | Skf Svenska Kullagerfab Ab | Verbindung, insbesondere fuer zusammengesetzte Kurbelwellen |
DE587859C (de) * | 1932-11-22 | 1933-11-09 | Skf Svenska Kullagerfab Ab | Verbindung fuer Kurbelwellen |
DE849942C (de) * | 1946-11-13 | 1952-11-17 | Sir Harry Ralph Ricardo | Nabenverbindung fuer Hohlwellen bzw. Wellen mit Hohlwellenenden |
GB989997A (en) * | 1962-08-17 | 1965-04-22 | Pacific Scientific Co | Torsion joint structure |
JPS4122324Y1 (zh) * | 1964-02-22 | 1966-11-08 | ||
GB1128021A (en) * | 1964-09-19 | 1968-09-25 | Massey Ferguson Gmbh | Improvements in combine harvesters |
GB1062610A (en) * | 1964-11-19 | 1967-03-22 | Stone Manganese Marine Ltd | Improvements relating to the attachment of components to shafts |
GB1117816A (en) * | 1965-07-31 | 1968-06-26 | Gkn Screws Fasteners Ltd | Improvements relating to cam shafts |
JPS5175660A (ja) * | 1974-12-26 | 1976-06-30 | Takefu Tokushu Kozai Kk | Kosokudokoseikanzaio hikanshita fukugobozaino seizohoho |
JPS6241419A (ja) * | 1985-08-14 | 1987-02-23 | Hitachi Ltd | クランクシヤフト |
DE3738808A1 (de) * | 1987-11-15 | 1989-05-24 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Gebaute kurbelwelle |
JPH0637411A (ja) * | 1992-07-17 | 1994-02-10 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | 充電式電気機器 |
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1988
- 1988-09-14 DE DE3831235A patent/DE3831235A1/de active Granted
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1989
- 1989-06-26 ES ES8902234A patent/ES2013940A6/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-28 JP JP1194396A patent/JPH02102911A/ja active Pending
- 1989-07-31 CN CN89106307A patent/CN1041207A/zh active Pending
- 1989-08-11 BR BR898904065A patent/BR8904065A/pt unknown
- 1989-09-08 GB GB8920373A patent/GB2222866A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-09-12 KR KR1019890013257A patent/KR900005110A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-09-14 IT IT8905210A patent/IT8905210A0/it unknown
- 1989-09-14 FR FR8912070A patent/FR2636385A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2636385A1 (fr) | 1990-03-16 |
KR900005110A (ko) | 1990-04-13 |
JPH02102911A (ja) | 1990-04-16 |
BR8904065A (pt) | 1990-03-27 |
IT8905210A0 (it) | 1989-09-14 |
GB8920373D0 (en) | 1989-10-25 |
GB2222866A (en) | 1990-03-21 |
ES2013940A6 (es) | 1990-06-01 |
DE3831235A1 (de) | 1990-03-22 |
DE3831235C2 (zh) | 1991-04-04 |
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