CN104115847A - Application of natamycin to mushroom raw material cultivation - Google Patents
Application of natamycin to mushroom raw material cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- CN104115847A CN104115847A CN201310146005.0A CN201310146005A CN104115847A CN 104115847 A CN104115847 A CN 104115847A CN 201310146005 A CN201310146005 A CN 201310146005A CN 104115847 A CN104115847 A CN 104115847A
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Abstract
The invention discloses application of natamycin to mushroom raw material cultivation, and belongs to the field of edible mushroom cultivation. The invention also discloses a mushroom raw material cultivation material containing natamycin, namely the mushroom raw material cultivation material contains natamycin, and the proportion of natamycin is 4-15 g of natamycin in per 1000 kg of dry mixture. The invention also discloses a mushroom cultivation method by using the mushroom raw material cultivation material containing natamycin. The natamycin contained in the mushroom raw material cultivation material provided by the invention can specifically inhibit fungi such as mold and saccharomycetes, and the invention uses a stacking fermentation method to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, so that mushroom raw material cultivation can be carried out, and infectious microbe pollution can be avoided; secondly, the cultivation material provided by the invention does not require high temperature and high pressure sterilization treatment, saves energy, results in small loss of nutrients, and has low production cost; in addition, the invention has inoculation amount less than 5%, and low usage amount of bacteria; and the mushrooms cultivated by the method have high yield and good quality, and is safe for eating.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cultivating method for edible fungi, be specifically related to the application of natamycin on mushroom cultivation in raw material; And the method for utilizing the mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating mushroom culture that contains natamycin.
Background technology
Mushroom (Lentinula edodes) is important food medicine dual-purpose bacterium, and its aromatic flavour is nutritious, contains 18 seed amino acids, and wherein 7 seed amino acids are essential by human body.That the cultivation method of mushroom mainly contains is segment wood cultivated, substituting stuff cultivation and cultivation in raw material etc., the segment wood cultivated log of need to using wherein, exist raw material sources restricted, yield poorly and the shortcoming such as difficult quality guarantee, substantially need not now.Substituting stuff cultivation (also claiming grog cultivation) is extensive, sufficient owing to having raw material sources, method is easy, cost is relatively low, advantages such as income is fast and become the Main Cultivation method of mushroom, but substituting stuff cultivation must carry out high-temperature sterilization, exist and facility to be required to the shortcomings such as high, energy resource consumption large, raw material nutritive loss large, waste raw material, output is relatively low, the relative cultivation in raw material height of production cost.Therefore, people turn to cultivation in raw material sight, and except having the advantage of substituting stuff cultivation, owing to not needing high pressure-temperature sterilizing, mushroom cultivation in raw material has the energy of saving, simple to operate, raw material nutritive loss is little, output is high, quality is good, low cost and other advantages.Raw material improve output 27% than grog, and production cost reduction 29%[opens cutting edge of a knife or a sword, food engineering, the 2nd phase in 2008].But the greatest problem that cultivation in raw material exists be the pollution that is easily subject to miscellaneous bacteria (Luo Xinchang etc. edible mushroom, the 01st phase of nineteen eighty-two).Conventionally the main method that solves living contaminants is in raw material, to add bacteriostatic agent, as in raw material, add carbendazim (Zhang Guangduo. hubei agricultural science, the 6th phase in 2008).But carbendazim is not the bactericide for edible mushroom, and it is to low toxicities such as people, animal, fish, honeybees; Skin and eyes are had to stimulation, poison through the mouth occurs dizzy, nauseating, vomiting, therefore, there is serious safety problem in carbendazim; Secondly, carbendazim is water insoluble, and raw material mix difficulty, easily generating portion pollution problem; In addition, add carbendazim, also can increase production cost.Therefore the bacteriostatic agent that, cultivating Xianggu mushroom by crude materials also needs to find safely, efficient, cost is low.
Natamycin (English name is: is Natamycin) a kind of polyene macrolide antifungal agent, can suppresses nearly all fungies such as yeast and mold in obligate ground, and invalid to bacterium and virus.Natamycin is extremely safe antibiotic, and it does not have acute toxicity.Be generally used for the surface anticorrosion of food.Medically, natamycin is used to treat fungal infection.EFSA (EFSA) thinks that natamycin is safe as food additives.In June nineteen eighty-two, united states drug and food control office (FDA) official approval natamycin be as food preservative, be FDA approval in food, use only have one of two kinds of biological preservatives.Within 1997, China Ministry of Public Health official approval natamycin is as food preservative.
Through retrieval, do not find the report that natamycin is applied in cultivation of edible fungi raw material.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to provide the application of natamycin on mushroom cultivation in raw material.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating that contains natamycin.
The present invention's the 3rd object is to provide the method for utilizing the mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating mushroom culture that above-mentioned utilization contains natamycin.
Realize technical scheme of the present invention as follows:
The application of natamycin on mushroom cultivation in raw material.
A kind of mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating that contains natamycin of the present invention, contains natamycin in described mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating; The ratio of wherein said natamycin is to add natamycin 4～15g in every 1000kg dry mixture; The constituent of described dry mixture and mass percent thereof are: hardwood sawdust 83～89%, wheat bran or rice bran 10～15%, gypsum 1～2%.
The above-mentioned mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating that contains natamycin, is prepared as follows:
(1) according to mass percent by hardwood sawdust 83～89%, wheat bran or rice bran 10～15%, gypsum 1～2%, mixes, and obtains dry mixture;
(2) according to the quality of 1:1, than ratio, in dry mixture, add water, stir, obtain wet compound;
(3) the wet compound of step (2) gained is built to heap, plastic covering film, fermentation 2～5d, raises plastic foil ventilation 15～20min every night; When stockpile center temperature reaches 50～55 ℃, keep 24h, then turning, translates into middle level by upper layer material, and middle material is translated into lower floor, and lower layered material is translated into upper strata; Measure material central temperature every 2h daytime, if temperature surpasses 65 ℃, raises plastic foil cooling until central temperature drops to 55 ℃, plastic covering film, keeps 55～65 ℃ of 24h of material central temperature again, carries out turning for the second time and measures central temperature, method is the same, circulates 2～3 times; Until windrow is dark brown, there are fermenting aroma (without ammonia taste), quality soft, obtain fermented and cultured material;
(4) according to the ratio of every 1000kg dry mixture interpolation 4～15g, take natamycin, natamycin is dissolved in the water that is equivalent to dry mixture weight 20～50%, stirring and dissolving is even, obtains natamycin solution; Natamycin solution is mixed with the fermented and cultured material of step (3) gained, measure composts or fertilisers of cultivating water content, make water content 55～62%, not enough moisturizing, must contain the mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating of natamycin.
Windrow fermentation described in above-mentioned mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating step (3), the high 1.0～1.2m of being of heap that it builds heap, piles the wide 1～1.5m of being, is trapezoidal.
The method of utilizing the above-mentioned mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating mushroom culture that contains natamycin, comprises the steps:
(1) pack, inoculation: by the above-mentioned mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating pack that contains natamycin, plastic sack specification is polyethylene or the polypropylene plastics pocket of 17cm * 55cm, during pack, upper and lower composts or fertilisers of cultivating degree of tightness is consistent, in bag one side, at a distance of 8～10cm place, with tapered rod, each makes a call to an aperture, hole diameter 0.8～1.0cm, fills up aperture with bacterial classification piece, then puts polyethylene or polypropylene plastics pocket that a specification is 17cm * 55cm, use packing rope tying, obtain bacterium rod;
(2) postvaccinal bacterium rod is cultivated under 15～22 ℃, dark condition;
(3) when bacterium rod surface has after 30～40% overstrikes, start to urge flower bud; The artificial day and night temperature that keeps is that 5～10 ℃, relative air humidity are 80～90% condition 3～5 days, and mushroom flower bud occurs in a large number, enters management of producing mushroom; Described management of producing mushroom is 80～90% for keeping room temperature at 5～25 ℃, relative air humidity, and each ventilates once sooner or later, each ventilation time 20～30min; Fruit body is grown to 7～8 maturations, does not gather during parachute-opening.
The management of producing mushroom that said method step (3) is described, different according to mushroom kind, keep different room temperatures, as high temperature modification remains on 20～25 ℃, middle warm type remains on 15～20 ℃, and low form remains on 5～10 ℃.
Compared with prior art, the advantage that the present invention has and beneficial effect are: the natamycin containing in (1), mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating of the present invention, can obligate the fungi such as ground mould fungus inhibition, saccharomycete; And the present invention suppresses the growth of noxious bacteria by the method for windrow fermentation, raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating of the present invention is only suitable in mushroom growth, and be unfavorable for mould, saccharomycete and bacterial growth, thereby make mushroom carry out cultivation in raw material in the situation that do not add harmful bacteriostatic agent.(2), save the energy, cost is low.When prepared by mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating of the present invention, do not need the sterilization treatment through HTHP, not only saved the energy, and greatly reduced production cost.(3), save sowing quantity.With respect to the bacterial classification inoculum concentration of 10-15% in traditional cultivation in raw material, the present invention produces inoculum concentration in the method for mushroom, lower than 5%, greatly reduces bacterial classification usage amount.(4), the mushroom production of the inventive method cultivation is high, quality is good.Raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating of the present invention is because of without high temperature high pressure process, and nutritive loss is little, thereby output is higher; And because of good antimicrobial effect, the quality of its mushroom that produces is good.(5) the mushroom edible safety that, application the inventive method is produced.In existing cultivation in raw material, need in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, add harmful bacteriostatic agent so that the generation of Antifungi and bacterium, the mushroom that produces contains residual bacteriostatic agent, harmful; And contained natamycin is widely used in food additives in composts or fertilisers of cultivating of the present invention, harmless.(6), the inventive method is simple.
Embodiment:
The preparation of the mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating that embodiment 1 the present invention contains natamycin
Carry out in accordance with the following steps:
(1) take hardwood sawdust 178kg, wheat bran 20kg, gypsum 2kg, mixes, and obtains dry mixture 200kg;
(2) add water: dry mixture 200kg is added to 200L water, stir, obtain wet compound;
(3) windrow fermentation: the wet mixing of gained in step (2) is closed to stockpile material, the trapezoidal heap of the high 1m of windrow, wide 1.2～1.5m, bottom, windrow plastic covering film are goed deep in surrounding punching, windrow fermentation 2～5d, raise plastic foil ventilation 15～20min every night, when stockpile center temperature reaches 50～55 ℃, keep 24h, then turning, upper layer material is translated into middle level, and middle material is translated into lower floor, and lower layered material is translated into upper strata; Measure material central temperature every 2h daytime, if temperature surpasses 65 ℃, raises plastic foil cooling until central temperature drops to 55 ℃, cover plastic foil, keep 55～65 ℃ of 24h of material central temperature, carry out turning for the second time and measure central temperature, method is the same, circulates 2 times; Until windrow is dark brown, there are fermenting aroma (without ammonia taste), quality soft, obtain fermented and cultured material.Fermented and cultured material is divided into two heaps that weight is identical.
(4) add natamycin solution: take 900mg natamycin, be dissolved in 30L water, stir, make it abundant dissolving; A pile in two heap fermentation materials of natamycin solution and step (3) gained identical weight is mixed, and then measured moisture content, makes water content be 60%, not enough moisturizing, must contain natamycin and mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating, standby.
(5) add 30L water to mix in another heap fermented and cultured material of step (3), measured moisture content then, making water content is 60%, not enough moisturizing obtains the mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating that do not contain natamycin, in contrast, standby.
Embodiment 2 utilizes the comparative trial of the mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating mushroom culture that contains natamycin
Carry out as follows:
(1) test material:
(1) the mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating that contains natamycin that prepared by embodiment 1 step (4).
(2) contrast: for embodiment 1 step (5) preparation does not contain the mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating of natamycin.
(2) test method:
(1) inoculation: the mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating that contains natamycin of embodiment 1 step (4) gained and embodiment 1 step (5) are not packed respectively containing the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of natamycin, plastic sack specification is polyethylene or the polypropylene plastics pocket of 17cm * 55cm, during pack, upper and lower composts or fertilisers of cultivating degree of tightness is consistent, aperture bag one each dozen of side at a distance of 8～10cm, bore dia 1cm, with mushroom L808(country, assert kind) bacterial classification piece fills up aperture, put again polyethylene or the polypropylene plastics pocket of a 17cm * 55cm, use packing rope tying, obtain bacterium rod.
(2) send out bacterium: by postvaccinal bacterium rod, sending out bacterium chamber code one-tenth " well " word, control room temperature at 15～22 ℃, under dark condition, cultivate.Measure a bacterium speed of the bacterium bag that adds natamycin and do not add natamycin, pollution rate.Result shows: the bacterium bag pollution rate that adds natamycin is low, and it is fast that mycelia sends out bacterium speed; The contrast bacterium bag pollution rate that does not add natamycin is high, and it is slow that mycelia sends out bacterium speed.
(3) management of producing mushroom: picking does not have the bacterium rod polluting, when bacterium rod surface has after 30～40% overstrikes, starts to urge flower bud; Manually widen 5～10 ℃ of day and night temperatures, keep under relative air humidity 80～90% conditions 3～5 days, mushroom flower bud can occur in a large number, enters management of producing mushroom.What this test adopted is mushroom L808 kind, controls temperature at 15～22 ℃, and in mushroom room, the relative moisture of air remains on 90%, and each ventilates once sooner or later.Fruit body grow to 7～8 one-tenth ripe, do not gather during parachute-opening.Record output.
Claims (8)
1. the application of natamycin on mushroom cultivation in raw material.
2. a mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating that contains natamycin, is characterized in that containing natamycin in described mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating.
3. according to the mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating that contains natamycin claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that the ratio of described natamycin is to add natamycin 4～15g in every 1000kg dry mixture.
4. according to the mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating that contains natamycin claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that constituent and the mass percent thereof of described dry mixture is: hardwood sawdust 83～89%, wheat bran or rice bran 10～15%, gypsum 1～2%.
5. the mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating that contains natamycin claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that being prepared as follows:
(1), according to mass percent by hardwood sawdust 83～89%, wheat bran or rice bran 10～15%, gypsum 1～2%, mixes, and obtains dry mixture;
(2), according to the quality of 1:1, than ratio, in dry mixture, add water, stir, obtain wet compound;
(3), the wet compound of step (2) gained is built to heap, plastic covering film, fermentation 2～5d, raises the plastic foil 15～20min that ventilates every night; When stockpile center temperature reaches 50～55 ℃, keep 24h, then turning, translates into middle level by upper layer material, and middle material is translated into lower floor, and lower layered material is translated into upper strata; Measure material central temperature every 2h daytime, if temperature surpasses 65 ℃, raises plastic foil cooling until central temperature drops to 55 ℃, plastic covering film, keeps 55～65 ℃ of 24h of material central temperature again, carries out turning for the second time and measures central temperature, method is the same, circulates 2～3 times; Until windrow is dark brown, there are fermenting aroma (without ammonia taste), quality soft, obtain fermented and cultured material;
(4), the ratio of adding 4～15g according to every 1000kg dry mixture takes natamycin, and natamycin is dissolved in the water that is equivalent to dry mixture weight 20～50%, stirring and dissolving is even, obtains natamycin solution; Natamycin solution is mixed with the fermented and cultured material of step (3) gained, measure composts or fertilisers of cultivating water content, make water content 55～62%, not enough moisturizing, must contain the mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating of natamycin.
6. according to the mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating that contains natamycin claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that the windrow fermentation described in its step (3), the high 1.0～1.2m of being of heap that it builds heap, piles the wide 1～1.5m of being, is trapezoidal.
7. the method for utilizing the mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating mushroom culture that contains natamycin described in claim 2,3,4 or 5, comprises the steps:
(1), by the mushroom raw material composts or fertilisers of cultivating that the contains natamycin pack described in claim 2 or 3, plastic sack specification is polyethylene or the polypropylene plastics pocket of 17cm * 55cm, during pack, upper and lower composts or fertilisers of cultivating degree of tightness is consistent, in bag one side, at a distance of 8～10cm place, with tapered rod, each makes a call to an aperture, hole diameter 0.8～1.0cm, fills up aperture with bacterial classification piece, then puts polyethylene or polypropylene plastics pocket that a specification is 17cm * 55cm, use packing rope tying, obtain bacterium rod;
(2), postvaccinal bacterium rod is cultivated under 15～22 ℃, dark condition;
(3), when bacterium rod surface has after 30～40% overstrikes, start to urge flower bud; The artificial day and night temperature that keeps is that 5～10 ℃, relative air humidity are 80～90% condition 3～5 days, and mushroom flower bud occurs in a large number, enters management of producing mushroom; Described management of producing mushroom is 80～90% for keeping room temperature at 5～25 ℃, relative air humidity, and each ventilates once sooner or later, each ventilation time 20～30min; Fruit body is grown to 7～8 maturations, does not gather during parachute-opening.
8. according to the method for mushroom culture claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that the management of producing mushroom that its step (3) is described, different according to mushroom kind, keep different room temperatures, high temperature modification remains on 20～25 ℃, and middle warm type remains on 15～20 ℃, and low form remains on 5～10 ℃.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310146005.0A CN104115847A (en) | 2013-04-24 | 2013-04-24 | Application of natamycin to mushroom raw material cultivation |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018530531A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2018-10-18 | アレク コープ プロテクション ベイフェイＡｒｅｃ Ｃｏｒｐ Ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ｂ．Ｖ． | Antifungal compositions comprising natamycin and C4-C22 fatty acids, monoglycerides of these fatty acids and / or derivatives of these fatty acids |
| CN110419387A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-11-08 | 宋炳言 | A kind of pure cultivation in raw material method of mushroom |
-
2013
- 2013-04-24 CN CN201310146005.0A patent/CN104115847A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018530531A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2018-10-18 | アレク コープ プロテクション ベイフェイＡｒｅｃ Ｃｏｒｐ Ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ｂ．Ｖ． | Antifungal compositions comprising natamycin and C4-C22 fatty acids, monoglycerides of these fatty acids and / or derivatives of these fatty acids |
| CN110419387A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-11-08 | 宋炳言 | A kind of pure cultivation in raw material method of mushroom |
| CN110419387B (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2021-09-21 | 宋炳言 | Cultivation method of mushroom pure raw material |
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Application publication date: 20141029 |