CN104072250A - Method for preparing fertilizers by comprehensively utilizing oil residue - Google Patents
Method for preparing fertilizers by comprehensively utilizing oil residue Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing fertilizers by comprehensively utilizing oil residues. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, decomposing grease in the oil residues by using lipase preparation, and further decomposing protein by using a neutral protease preparation so as to generate amino acid and plant active substances; subsequently separating an product, wherein an enzymolysis liquid is taken as a leaf fertilizer and enzymolysis solid is taken as a raw material of an organic fertilizer; and further adding other organic materials for normal fermentation so as to produce the organic fertilizer. By adopting the method, two products, namely, the leaf fertilizer and the solid organic fertilizer are simultaneously produced, and the field experiment shows that the fertilizers prepared by using the method are good in yield-increasing effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to method for preparing fertilizer, particularly a kind of method that fully utilizes dregs of fat production fertilizer, belongs to fertilizer production technology field.
Background technology
The dregs of fat are residuums in cold filtering technology process when squeezing process is produced vegetables oil, also referred to as filter cake.Compare with most of organism of existing production fertilizer, in the dregs of fat, contain more protein, by existing common fermentation method, process, protein is thoroughly decomposed and discharge inorganic nitrogen and absorb for crop, this is a kind of waste to high-quality nitrogenous source in the dregs of fat.The general direct raw material as organic fertilizer of the current dregs of fat, produce fertilizer or organic-inorganic composite fertilizer with other organism mixing secondary fermentation, if CN103497035A, CN 102942423A, CN102992867A, CN102826930A, CN102731207A etc. are this series products and method.Patent document CN101863686A, CN101863691A provide respectively and have utilized biodegradation method, acid hydrolysis method to process the dregs of fat, and quality protein breaks down into amino acids and various bioactivators that the dregs of fat are contained, improved effect of fertilizer.But also there are some deficiencies in above-mentioned biodegradation method and acid hydrolysis method, the one, processing the dregs of fat is only to work to holding labile protein portion in the dregs of fat, and the decomposabilities such as more difficult decomposition part and P contained compound are poor, crop is difficult for absorbing, and is also a kind of waste to nutrients resource; Secondly, these two kinds of methods are directly mixed degraded product or hydrolysate as solid organic fertilizer and are manured into soil with other raw materials, because soil volume is larger, cause amino acid and multiple bioactive ingredients to disperse, contact minimizing with crop root, or because of adsorption by soil, with soil moisture loss etc., can not well utilize effective constituent; Moreover it is that to take four kinds of microbial bacterias be decomposing organism that CN101863686A biological method is processed the dregs of fat, requires aseptic condition, complex process, and that CN101863691A acid hydrolysis method is processed dregs of fat products therefrom composition is comparatively single, can not meet the requirement of crop multiple nutrients.
Although have in prior art by biological degradation or acidolysis, utilize in the dregs of fat and hold labile protein, the decomposabilities such as more difficult decomposition part and P contained compound are poor, and crop is difficult for absorbing, and is also a kind of waste to nutrients resource.For this problem, first the present invention utilizes lipase to decompose the grease in the dregs of fat, and recycling proteases for decomposing protein produces amino acid and active substance of plant.Then resolvent is separated, liquid is for the production of foliage fertilizer, and solid is as the raw material of fertilizer, then adds other organic materials and carry out normal fermentation and produce fertilizer, makes decompose of nutrient wherein more abundant, utilizes better effects if.
3. effect of increasing production is good
The prepared fertilizer of the present invention comprises foliage fertilizer and solid organic fertilizer, and two kinds of fertilizer compounding applications, through field experiment, have been obtained good effect of increasing production.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of method that the dregs of fat are produced fertilizer that fully utilizes, obtain two kinds of products of foliage fertilizer and solid organic fertilizer simultaneously.
Summary of the invention:
First the present invention utilizes lipase preparation to decompose the grease in the dregs of fat; Recycling protease preparation decomposing protein, produces amino acid and active substance of plant; Then fermented product is separated, liquid, as the raw material of producing foliage fertilizer, can be produced various foliage fertilizers by composite different nutritive substance; Solid is as the raw material of fertilizer, then adds other organic materials and carry out normal fermentation and produce fertilizer.The fertilizer process field experiment that the present invention is prepared, has obtained good effect of increasing production.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Fully utilize the dregs of fat and prepare a method for fertilizer, comprise that step is as follows:
(1) prepare dregs of fat zymolyte
A, by mass parts, getting 10~20 parts of the fresh dregs of fat adds in container, add 80~100 parts, water, adjust pH to 7.5~8.2, then add 0.1~0.2 part, lipase preparation, stir 2~5 minutes, under 35~45 ℃ of conditions, place 40~50 hours, every 2 hours, stir once during this time, each 2~4 minutes, obtain the fatty enzymolysis dregs of fat;
B, the fatty enzymolysis dregs of fat prepared by above-mentioned steps A boil 10~15 minutes, cooling rear adjustment pH value to 6.8~7.2, add 0.2~0.5 part of neutral protein zymin, stir 2~5 minutes, under 50~60 ℃ of conditions, place 2~3 hours, every half an hour, stir once during this time, each 1~2 minute, obtain dregs of fat zymolyte;
C, filtration dregs of fat zymolyte, obtain enzymolysis liquid and enzymolysis solid two portions; Standby;
(2) by mass parts, get 65~90 parts of step (1) gained enzymolysis liquid, add 10~20 parts of potassium primary phosphates, 2~10 parts of trace element solutions, 0.2~0.8 part of sanitas, dissolve, mix, obtain foliage fertilizer;
(3) by mass parts, get 30~50 parts of step (1) gained enzymolysis solids, add 10~30 parts of animal excrement, 30~50 parts of crop straws, the fermentation of banking up, dries to obtain powdery fertilizer; Or further technology granulation routinely, obtains granular organic fertilizer.
In aforesaid method of the present invention, the described dregs of fat are after plant oil pressing factory utilizes squeezing process to push raw material, to come unstuck to filter out remaining residue after edible oil, comprise soya-bean oil slag, the peanut dregs of fat, the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of fat, the sunflower seeds dregs of fat, the sesame dregs of fat, can select one of them, also use capable of being combined;
Described trace element solution is, the aqueous solution of the chelated iron of 1-2wt% containing the zinc sulfate of 1-2wt%;
Described sanitas is the salt of ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, dehydroacetic acid (DHA), Sorbic Acid and Sorbic Acid, can select one of them, also use capable of being combined; Addition is 0.15~1% of foliage fertilizer total mass;
Described animal excrement are selected from one of chicken manure, pig manure, cow dung or combination;
Described crop straw is the dry plant of the over-ground parts such as corn, peanut, wheat, paddy rice, vegetables, selects one of them or combines;
Described lipase preparation is selected from SUKAZYM SUKALip lipase, enzyme activity 8,000~16, and 000U/g, the present invention is three kinds of specifications preferably, and SUKALip PW10, SUKALip PW12.5 and SUKALip PW15, can select one of them, also use capable of being combined;
Described neutral protein zymin is selected from SUKAPro NE neutral protease, enzyme activity 30,000~60, and 000U/g, the present invention is two kinds of specifications preferably, and NE PW30 and NE PW50, can select one of them, also use capable of being combined.
Preferred according to the present invention:
In step (1) A: 15 parts of the fresh dregs of fat, add 90 parts, water, pH value 8.0,0.16 part, SUKALip PW12.5 lipase, stirs 4 minutes, and 38 ℃ of temperature are placed 45 hours;
In step (1) B: the fatty enzymolysis dregs of fat boil 12 minutes, adjust pH value to 7.0,0.3 part of SUKAPro NE PW50 neutral protease, stirs 4 minutes, and 55 ℃ of temperature are placed 2.5 hours;
In step (1) C, filter with mesh size 80~100 orders;
Preferred according to the present invention, in step (2), 80 parts of enzymolysis liquid, 16 parts of potassium primary phosphates, 3.5 parts of trace element solutions, 0.5 part of sanitas;
Preferred according to the present invention, in step (3), 40 parts of enzymolysis solids, 30 parts of animal excrement, 30 parts of crop straws; Wherein, crop straw is crushed to length 1-2.5 centimetre; The described fermentation of banking up is by prior art.
Fertilizer application prepared by the present invention, method is as follows:
Powdery of the present invention or granular organic fertilizer are used as base manure, and 600~3000 kilograms of every mu of use, spread fertilizer over the fields before sowing in ground, turn over and bury; Or impose in seed furrow or field planting ditch, and sowing or field planting in the above after mixing with soil; Meanwhile,
Foliage fertilizer of the present invention sprays in crop growth period, dilutes 10~20 times and is sprayed on the crop leaf back side, connects and sprays 2~3 times, 5~15 days, interval.
Excellent results of the present invention:
1. make full use of the quality protein in the dregs of fat
The dregs of fat mainly come from seeds of leguminous plant, not only more general organism protein content is high for they, and the quality of protein is also better, the needed active substance of amino acid kind, quantity and plant producing after decomposing is abundanter, is conducive to increase crop yield and improves quality.But prior art is the fertilizer that the dregs of fat are produced to be all manured into soil, and can not give full play to the advantage of the dregs of fat.The present invention utilizes the soluble fractions after enzyme decomposes to apply as foliage fertilizer, has improved the direct contact of nutrient and crop, absorbs nutrient more easily, efficiently.
2. improve the efficiency of various nutrients in the dregs of fat
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but be not limited to this.Raw material consumption umber in embodiment is mass parts.Per-cent in embodiment (%) is mass percent.The raw material of executing in example is described as follows:
The dregs of fat are that Shandong wide life limited-liability company produces; Lipase preparation SUKAZYM SUKALip lipase, model is that (enzyme activity is respectively 10 for SUKALip PW10, SUKALip PW12.5 and SUKALip PW15,000U/g, 12,500U/g, 15,000U/g), neutral protein zymin is SUKAPro NE, model NE PW50 and NE PW30 (enzyme activity difference 50,000U/g and 30,000U/g), Su Kehan (Weifang) biotechnology company limited produces; Chelated iron is amino acid iron, and Chengdu chelating biotech company produces.
Trace element solution described in embodiment is, the aqueous solution of the chelated iron of 2wt% containing the zinc sulfate of 2wt%.
Embodiment 1:
(1) prepare dregs of fat zymolyte:
A, get 15 kilograms of the fresh soya-bean oil dregs of fat and add in container, add 90 kilograms, water, adjust pH to 8.0, add 0.16 kilogram, lipase preparation (SUKALip PW12.5), stir 4 minutes, under 38 ℃ of conditions, place 45 hours, during every 2 hours, stir once, each 3 minutes, obtain the fatty enzymolysis dregs of fat;
B, the fatty enzymolysis dregs of fat prepared by above-mentioned steps A boil 12 minutes, cooling rear adjustment pH value to 7.0, add 0.3 kilogram of neutral protein zymin (NE PW50), stir 4 minutes, under 55 ℃ of conditions, place 2.5 hours, every half an hour, stir once during this time, each 1.5 minutes, obtain dregs of fat zymolyte;
C, filtration dregs of fat zymolyte, obtain enzymolysis liquid and enzymolysis solid two portions; Be used for following steps:
(2) get 80 kilograms of step (1) gained enzymolysis liquid, add 16 kilograms of potassium primary phosphates, 3.5 kilograms of trace element solutions, 0.5 kilogram of sanitas ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, dissolves and mixes, and obtains foliage fertilizer;
(3) get 40 kilograms of step (1) gained enzymolysis solids, add 30 kilograms of chicken manures and be crushed to 30 kilograms of the corn stalks of 2cm, the technology fermentation of banking up routinely, oven dry, obtains powdery fertilizer.
Embodiment 2:
(1) prepare dregs of fat zymolyte:
A, get 20 kilograms of the green oil vegetable seed dregs of fat and add in container, add 80 kilograms, water, adjust pH to 8.2, add 0.20 kilogram, lipase preparation (SUKALip PW10), stir 5 minutes, under 40 ℃ of conditions, place 50 hours, during every 2 hours, stir once, each 3 minutes, obtain the fatty enzymolysis dregs of fat;
B, the fatty enzymolysis dregs of fat prepared by steps A boil 15 minutes, cooling rear adjustment pH value to 7.2, add 0.4 kilogram of neutral protein zymin (NE PW30 and NE PW50 are with the composition of 1: 1 mass ratio), stir 5 minutes, under 60 ℃ of conditions, place 3 hours, every half an hour, stir once during this time, each 1.5 minutes, obtain dregs of fat zymolyte;
C, filtration, obtain liquid and solid two portions;
(2) get 70 kilograms of step (1) gained enzymolysis liquid, add 20 kilograms of potassium primary phosphates, 9.7 kilograms of trace element solutions, 0.3 kilogram of sanitas dehydroacetic acid (DHA), dissolves and mixes, and obtains foliage fertilizer;
(3) get 30 kilograms of step (1) gained enzymolysis solids, add 20 kilograms of pig manures, be crushed to 50 kilograms of the seedling of Fructus Cucumidis sativi of 1.5cm, the technology fermentation of banking up routinely, dries, and obtains powdery fertilizer.
Embodiment 3:
(1) prepare dregs of fat zymolyte:
A, 10 kilograms of compositions getting fresh flowers oil generation slag and 1: 1 mass ratio of the Semen Flos Carthami dregs of fat add in container, add 100 kilograms, water, adjust pH to 7.5, add 0.10 kilogram, lipase preparation (SUKALip PW15), stir 3 minutes, under 350C condition, place 40 hours, during every 2 hours, stir once, each 3 minutes, obtain the fatty enzymolysis dregs of fat;
B, the fatty enzymolysis dregs of fat prepared by steps A boil 10 minutes, cooling rear adjustment pH value to 6.8, add 0.2 kilogram of neutral protein zymin (NE PW50), stir 2 minutes, under 500C condition, place 2.0 hours, every half an hour, stir once during this time, each 1.5 minutes, obtain dregs of fat zymolyte;
C, filtration, obtain liquid and solid two portions;
(2) get 85 kilograms of step (1) gained enzymolysis liquid, 10 kilograms of potassium primary phosphates, 4.6 kilograms of trace element solutions, 0.4 kilogram of the composition of 2: 1 mass ratioes of sanitas ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate and dehydroacetic acid (DHA), dissolves and mixes, and obtains foliage fertilizer;
(3) get 30 kilograms of step (1) gained enzymolysis solids, add 30 kilograms of the compositions of 1: 1 mass ratio of chicken manure and pig manure, be crushed to 40 kilograms of the peanut straws of 2.5cm, the technology fermentation of banking up routinely, granulation, obtains granular organic fertilizer.
Embodiment 4:
(1) prepare dregs of fat zymolyte:
A, 18 kilograms of compositions getting the fresh soya-bean oil dregs of fat and 1: 1 mass ratio of the sesame dregs of fat add in container, add 95 kilograms, water, adjust pH to 7.8, add 0.13 kilogram, lipase preparation (SUKALip PW10 and SUKALip PW15 are with the composition of 1: 1 mass ratio), stir 2 minutes, under 450C condition, place 48 hours, during every 2 hours, stir once, each 3 minutes, obtain the fatty enzymolysis dregs of fat;
B, the fatty enzymolysis dregs of fat prepared by steps A boil 14 minutes, cooling rear adjustment pH value to 7.1, add 0.5 kilogram of neutral protein zymin (NE PW30), stir 3 minutes, under 530C condition, place 2.8 hours, every half an hour, stir once during this time, each 1.5 minutes, obtain dregs of fat zymolyte;
C, filtration, obtain liquid and solid two portions;
(2) get 75 kilograms of step (1) gained enzymolysis liquid, add 15 kilograms of potassium primary phosphates, 3.5 kilograms of trace element solutions, 0.5 kilogram of the composition of 1: 1 mass ratio of sanitas Sorbic Acid and potassium sorbate, dissolves and mixes, and obtains foliage fertilizer;
(3) get 40 kilograms of step (1) gained enzymolysis solids, add 30 kilograms of the compositions of 1: 1 mass ratio of chicken manure and cow dung, 30 kilograms of the compositions of 1: 1 mass ratio of peanut straw and corn stalk, the technology fermentation of banking up routinely, granulation, obtains granular organic fertilizer.
Comparative example:
Comparative example 1: press the biodegradable oil residue fertilizer fertilizer of CN101863686A (201010194388) embodiment 3 preparations, Shandong Guangda Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd. produces.
Comparative example 2: the fertilizer that contains the dregs of fat that fermentation process is produced routinely, Shandong Guangda Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd. produces.
The effect of above embodiment 1~4 and comparative example is as follows:
1, for studying thing potato, draw No. one experimental cultivar Shandong.Test site: Feicheng county, Shandong Province.Test period: year June in February, 2013 to 2013.
800 kilograms of every mu of application of organic fertilizers, apply in kind of plant hole before potato sowing.Foliage fertilizer enters expanding stage at potato and sprays, and 6 days, interval connects and sprays 3 times.Comparative example is potassium primary phosphate and the trace element water-soluble liquid with embodiment same concentrations with foliage fertilizer.Other control measures are identical.Effect is in Table 1.
Table 1. is compared the potato effect of embodiment 1~4 with comparative example
The inventive method | Than the stimulation ratio % of comparative example 1 | Than the stimulation ratio % of comparative example 2 |
Embodiment 1 | 7.2 | 5.4 |
Embodiment 2 | 6.5 | 5.8 |
Embodiment 3 | 6.7 | 4.6 |
Embodiment 4 | 4.3 | 5.1 |
2, for studying thing plastic tent cucumber, excellent No. 3 of experimental cultivar Tianjin.Test site: Shouguang City, Shandong Province.Test period: year May in November, 2012 to 2013.
2000 kilograms of every mu of application of organic fertilizers, apply in kind of plant hole before cucumber field planting.Foliage fertilizer sprays after cucumber is gathered for the 1st time, and 14 days, interval connects and sprays 3 times.Comparative example is potassium primary phosphate and the trace element water-soluble liquid with embodiment same concentrations with foliage fertilizer.Other control measures are identical.Effect is in Table 2.
Table 2. is compared the cucumber effect of embodiment 1~4 with comparative example
The inventive method | Than the stimulation ratio % of comparative example 1 | Than the stimulation ratio % of comparative example 2 |
Embodiment 1 | 6.0 | 8.1 |
Embodiment 2 | 6.2 | 6.3 |
Embodiment 3 | 5.3 | 4.5 |
Embodiment 4 | 5.8 | 5.8 |
Claims (10)
1. fully utilize the dregs of fat and prepare a method for fertilizer, comprise that step is as follows:
(1) prepare dregs of fat zymolyte
A, by mass parts, getting 10~20 parts of the fresh dregs of fat adds in container, add 80~100 parts, water, adjust pH to 7.5~8.2, then add 0.1~0.2 part, lipase preparation, stir 2~5 minutes, under 35~45 ℃ of conditions, place 40~50 hours, every 2 hours, stir once during this time, each 2~4 minutes, obtain the fatty enzymolysis dregs of fat;
B, the fatty enzymolysis dregs of fat prepared by above-mentioned steps A boil 10~15 minutes, cooling rear adjustment pH value to 6.8~7.2, add 0.2~0.5 part of neutral protein zymin, stir 2~5 minutes, under 50~60 ℃ of conditions, place 2~3 hours, every half an hour, stir once during this time, each 1~2 minute, obtain dregs of fat zymolyte;
C, filtration dregs of fat zymolyte, obtain enzymolysis liquid and enzymolysis solid two portions; Standby;
(2) by mass parts, get 65~90 parts of step (1) gained enzymolysis liquid, add 10~20 parts of potassium primary phosphates, 2~10 parts of trace element solutions, 0.2~0.8 part of sanitas, mix, obtain foliage fertilizer;
(3) by mass parts, get 30~50 parts of step (1) gained enzymolysis solids, add 10~30 parts of animal excrement, 30~50 parts of crop straws, the fermentation of banking up, dries to obtain powdery fertilizer; Or further technology granulation routinely, obtains granular organic fertilizer.
2. the comprehensive utilization dregs of fat as claimed in claim 1 are prepared the method for fertilizer, it is characterized in that the described dregs of fat are selected from one of soya-bean oil slag, the peanut dregs of fat, the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of fat, the sunflower seeds dregs of fat, sesame dregs of fat or combination.
3. the comprehensive utilization dregs of fat as claimed in claim 1 are prepared the method for fertilizer, it is characterized in that described trace element solution is, the aqueous solution of the chelated iron of 1-2wt% containing the zinc sulfate of 1-2wt%.
4. the comprehensive utilization dregs of fat as claimed in claim 1 are prepared the method for fertilizer, it is characterized in that described sanitas is one of salt of ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, dehydroacetic acid (DHA), Sorbic Acid or Sorbic Acid or combination.
5. the comprehensive utilization dregs of fat as claimed in claim 1 are prepared the method for fertilizer, it is characterized in that described animal excrement are to be selected from one of chicken manure, pig manure, cow dung or combination;
6. the comprehensive utilization dregs of fat as claimed in claim 1 are prepared the method for fertilizer, it is characterized in that described crop straw is the dry plant of corn, peanut, wheat, paddy rice, vegetables over-ground part, select one of them or combine.
7. the comprehensive utilization dregs of fat as claimed in claim 1 are prepared the method for fertilizer, it is characterized in that described lipase preparation is selected from SUKAZYM SUKALip lipase, and described neutral protein zymin is selected from SUKAPro NE neutral protease.
8. the comprehensive utilization dregs of fat as claimed in claim 1 are prepared the method for fertilizer, it is characterized in that in step (1) A: 15 parts of the fresh dregs of fat, add 90 parts, water, and pH value 8.0,0.16 part, lipase, stirs 4 minutes, and 38 ℃ of temperature are placed 45 hours; In B: the fatty enzymolysis dregs of fat boil 12 minutes, adjust pH value to 7.0,0.3 part of neutral protease, stirs 4 minutes, and 55 ℃ of temperature are placed 2.5 hours; In C: filter with mesh size 80~100 orders.
9. the comprehensive utilization dregs of fat as claimed in claim 1 are prepared the method for fertilizer, it is characterized in that in step (2) 80 parts of enzymolysis liquid, 16 parts of potassium primary phosphates, 3.5 parts of trace element solutions, 0.5 part of sanitas; In step (3), 40 parts of enzymolysis solids, 30 parts of animal excrement, 30 parts of crop straws; Wherein, crop straw is crushed to length 1-2.5 centimetre.
10. the fertilizer application that prepared by method claimed in claim 1, method is as follows:
Powdery or the granular organic fertilizer of described step (3) are used as base manure, and 600~3000 kilograms of every mu of use, spread fertilizer over the fields before sowing in ground, and turn over and bury, or impose in seed furrow or field planting ditch, and sowing or field planting in the above after mixing with soil; Meanwhile,
The foliage fertilizer of described step (2) sprays in crop growth period, dilutes 10~20 times and is sprayed on the crop leaf back side, connects and sprays 2~3 times, 5~15 days, interval.
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