CN104066870A - 发动机部件 - Google Patents
发动机部件 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104066870A CN104066870A CN201280008479.2A CN201280008479A CN104066870A CN 104066870 A CN104066870 A CN 104066870A CN 201280008479 A CN201280008479 A CN 201280008479A CN 104066870 A CN104066870 A CN 104066870A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- subgrade
- coating
- parts
- base material
- silicon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000005334 plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000707 wrist Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/18—Other cylinders
- F02F1/20—Other cylinders characterised by constructional features providing for lubrication
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C16/0272—Deposition of sub-layers, e.g. to promote the adhesion of the main coating
- C23C16/029—Graded interfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/04—Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
- C23C16/045—Coating cavities or hollow spaces, e.g. interior of tubes; Infiltration of porous substrates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/26—Deposition of carbon only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/50—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges
- C23C16/505—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges using radio frequency discharges
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/046—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material with at least one amorphous inorganic material layer, e.g. DLC, a-C:H, a-C:Me, the layer being doped or not
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/048—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material with layers graded in composition or physical properties
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
- Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
- Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified
- Y10T428/24975—No layer or component greater than 5 mils thick
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
Abstract
本发明旨在解决为发动机部件(发动机组或者固定的或可拆卸的套筒)提供涂层时所遇到的问题,所述发动机部件具有至少一个筒形腔体并且主要由铁或铝制成,要为该发动机部件提供涂层(3),该涂层(3)具有沉积在金属基材(1)上的三种不同的层。沉积于基材(1)上的第一亚层(21)包含至少80%的硅,其功能是为金属基材(1)和包含氢化无定形碳的后续的层之间提供能够确保良好粘附性的界面。第二过渡性亚层(22)包含一定百分比的硅和一定百分比的氢化无定形碳(a-C:H:Si)。最后,在工作表面上,第三亚层(23)由纯的氢化无定形碳(a-C:H)构成。所述涂层(3)是利用等离子体化学气相沉积(PECVD)通过空心阴极效应(HCE)而制备的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及发动机组的气缸或内燃机的可拆卸套筒,其具有通过气相化学沉积而施加的无定形碳涂层,该涂层包括含有硅的过渡层,施加所述涂层是为了降低气缸与其各活塞环之间的摩擦系数,提高耐磨性并防止气缸被腐蚀。
背景技术
发动机组的气缸或内燃机组的可拆卸套筒是这样的发动机部件:这些发动机部件因其所进行的工作类型而会经受高磨耗。
随着新型发动机的技术发展,其内部部件已经承受了更大的压力,因此,必须开发出既能够保证更好的性能、又能促使发动机具有更高的可靠性的方案。
基于这一宗旨,众多制造者主要针对发动机组的气缸或内燃机的可拆卸套筒进行了尝试以获得各种各样的技术方案。
能够提高发动机组的气缸或内燃机的可拆卸套筒的性能的可行性方案之一是为气缸的内表面设置涂层。
在目前可获得的多种可能的涂层中,具有无定形碳(a-C:H)的涂层在降低工作表面的摩擦系数方面表现出良好的潜能而备受关注,其能够减轻接触表面的磨损并防止被保护的表面发生腐蚀。然而,与普通涂层一样,具有无定形碳的涂层也需要对其所沉积的基材具有良好的粘附性。
当发动机组的气缸或内燃机的可拆卸套筒的涂层为无定形碳时,在用来将涂层沉积至基材的方法以及确保沉积物具有良好的粘附性这两方面均存在难题。
另一方面,气缸自身的几何形状本身就使得难以将涂层沉积在其内部。例如,活塞环的工作面易于暴露在外,这能够使得涂层的施加工作易于进行,而对于发动机组的气缸或可拆卸套筒而言则不允许这样。此外,假设想要涂覆发动机组的气缸,那么与更为简单的元件(如棒、活塞环等)相比,由于发动机组的尺寸及其相应的机动性,因此沉积工艺将变得甚至更为复杂。
无定形碳涂层在对金属基材的粘附性方面表现出一些困难,这使得在针对将涂层施加在气缸工作表面上的效率时所提到的困难变得更为严重。本领域为了解决这些问题而做出的努力可证明这一点。
在教导使用无定形碳来涂覆气缸的各种现有技术文献中,专利文献EP1783349是与本发明最相关的文献,因为其公开了使用具有硅的无定形碳涂层(DLC-Si),还教导了在活塞、活塞环、气缸和活塞销上也施加该涂层。
该文献提到了DLC涂层的一些优点,例如:降低摩擦系数,从而减轻了部件的磨损,特别是,在部件与润滑油接触的条件下使用该部件时,更能减轻部件的磨损,因此,它们不会依赖于对润滑流体中所存在的添加剂的吸附或反应。该文献还描述了采用具有三种不同类型涂层的部件所作的比较试验,所述三种涂层为:具有硅的无定形涂层(DLC-Si)、仅有无定形碳(DLC)、以及氮化铬(CrN)。这些试验表明:在设有含硅无定形碳涂层(DLC-Si/DLC-Si)的两个部件之间的摩擦,表现出比任何其他类型的涂层界面的摩擦系数降低了至少40%。
为了提高涂层对金属基材的粘附性,所述涂层的组成中包含1%至20%的硅。特别是,对于气缸,该文献公开了可以将该涂层施加至铝气缸和铸铁气缸,它们是发动机组或气缸套筒的组成部件,所述涂层仅包括一层硅含量介于1%和20%之间的无定形碳层。另一方面,无定形碳涂层的工作区域将包含一定百分比的硅元素(a-C:H:Si)。
虽然该文献没有公开气缸可具有的最大尺寸,但是其强调了:气缸的长度与直径之比为大于0.8,当使用直流电通过等离子体CVD(化学气相沉积)法形成膜时,这是有利的。
此外,该文献表明,对于滑动压力较高(例如,100MPa或更高)的工作情形,涂层有可能从气缸的内表面脱落。虽然使用元素硅来辅助涂层的粘附,但是在粘附性方面仍将存在难题。
因此,可清楚地看到,虽然专利文献EP1783349提出了可以将无定形碳涂层施加到气缸及其优点,但是其还试图针对这一功能尝试使用硅来解决与涂层对基材的粘附性有关的问题。
总之,该文献本身提出了用DLC来涂覆气缸的局限性。与所用的沉积技术相比,在接受涂层沉积时气缸所表现出的缺乏暴露表面这一难题成为成功实施该文献所述技术的重要障碍。
因此,在将无定形碳涂层(a-C:H)沉积在发动机组的气缸内壁或可拆卸套筒的内壁时,该文献提出的以及现有技术中所存在的难题就会变得明显。该难题的原因在于气缸必定不具有暴露在外的内壁。如果我们注意到这样的事实:至今使用的沉积方法——化学气相沉积法(CVD)或物理气相沉积法(PVD),是从气缸外部的位置轰击气缸的内壁,那么气缸缺乏暴露表面的问题就会变得更加明显。
这样的沉积难题必定会对沉积在基材上的涂层的均匀性产生很大的影响。其结果是,已经知道,沉积不均匀的涂层将不能充分发挥保护表面的功能,并且需要增加涂层的厚度以确保对表面的整体保护。这将导致涂层中存在内应力,从而不可避免地降低了耐脱落性。
因此,无论化学沉积具有DLC的气缸涂层取得了多大的进步,仍需要促使材料的沉积在具有更高均匀性方面取得技术进步。
现有文献EP1619265提出了一种技术,虽然该技术是应用于其他领域中的,但是,该技术具有很大的相关性,因为其涉及将无定形碳涂层沉积在管状体的几何形状内部。
该文献公开了用于将DLC膜涂覆至预先制备的管道的内表面的方法和系统。所述涂覆通过如下方式进行:使工件作为阴极,并在所述工件的各入口处与阳极连接。在其中一端引入气体源,而在另一端安装真空泵,由此使得所安装的组件保持可提供空心阴极效应(HCE)的条件。
该文献中提到的技术提供了一种与现有技术使用的那些方法完全不同的方法。当然,其应用旨在涂覆管道。然而,其为在管状形式内部沉积DLC开启了新概念。
此外,即使在部分程度上解决了存在的问题,也仍然存在很多生产秩序方面的因素是现有技术尚未深入研究的。其中一个重要因素是相对于无定形碳沉积到内燃机气缸的内表面上的沉积速率而言,涂层的均匀性。
因此,应当指出的是,仍然没有这样的技术方案:该技术方案能够与经济可行且生产率高的方法联合,利用能够获得良好的涂层粘附性的无定形碳涂覆设有至少一个气缸的发动机部件(其中活塞在所述气缸内移动),从而获得这样的气缸,其具有能够提升发动机工业的更优的技术特征。
发明内容
发明目的
因此,本发明的目的是在内燃机气缸的工作表面上设置碳类涂层,该涂层由于含有硅的中间层的存在,能够获得高粘附性。
本发明的目的还在于确保涂层具有低摩擦系数、高机械硬度、低磨耗以及低腐蚀。
发明概述
本发明的目的是通过以下方式来实现的:提供具有至少一个筒形腔体的发动机部件,活塞在所述筒形腔体内移动,所述筒形腔体包括具有金属基体基材的内表面,向所述内表面施加至少一层涂层,所述涂层包括:与所述基材相邻的第一亚层,所述第一亚层包含至少80%的硅并扩散至所述基材;过渡的第二亚层,其设置在所述第一亚层和第三亚层之间,所述第二亚层由氢化无定形碳和硅构成;以及第三亚层,其覆盖所述第二亚层并且包含几乎100%的氢化无定形碳。
附图说明
以下将结合附图中示出的实施方案的例子来更详细地描述本发明。附图如下:
图1是本发明涂层的示意图;
图2是本发明涂层中所存在的化学元素的分布。
具体实施方式
本发明提出了一种类金刚石碳涂层3,该涂层被施加至发动机部件(具有至少一个气缸的发动机组或者固定的或可移动的发动机套筒),所述发动机部件限定至少一个筒形腔体,气缸活塞在所述筒形腔体内移动。
本发明设法获得这样的涂层3:该涂层3表现出低摩擦系数,能够确保接触/工作表面上的磨损较轻,并确保涂层3对基材1具有良好的粘附性。
为了克服现有技术的问题,本发明提出了这样的技术方案:该技术方案提供了具有创新性的化学组成的氢化无定形碳(a-C:H)的涂层3;以及提供了沉积涂层3的方法,对于产品和生产而言,该方法都能够获得极其有益的特性。
图1示出了接收本发明涂层3之后的筒形腔体的一部分(来自发动机组或者来自固定的或可移动的套筒)。为了更好地理解,筒形腔体具有其上将被施加本发明涂层3的内表面,下文将接收所述涂层3的所述内表面的部分称为基材1。本发明中筒形腔体的基材1优选为主要由铸铁、钢或铝构成的金属基体。优选但非限制性的是,所述基材1可以由珠光体球墨铸铁制成。
涂层3被再划分成三个不同的亚层,这些亚层沉积在基材1上。沉积于基材1上的第一亚层21包含至少80%的硅,其作用是在金属基材和后续的亚层之间提供粘附性良好的界面,所述后续的亚层包含氢化无定形碳。
在具有硅的第一亚层21之后沉积第二过渡亚层22,其包含一定百分比的硅和一定百分比的氢化无定形碳(a-C:H)。最终,在外表面或工作表面上,涂层3具有第三亚层23,所述第三亚层23具有纯的氢化无定形碳的组成(a-C:H),其具有基本上100%的a-C:H,该第三亚层23优选延伸至多1微米的深度。
因此,涂层3是由三种不同的亚层组成的,即:第一亚层21,其包含至少80%的硅;接着是第二过渡亚层22,其包含硅和氢化无定形碳;最后为第三亚层23,其包含100%的氢化无定形碳。
还应当注意的是,第二过渡亚层22中硅的量随着涂层3向第三亚层23趋近而降低。类似地,第二过渡亚层22中氢化无定形碳的量随着涂层向第三亚层23趋近而升高,最终达到第三亚层23中的100%的氢化无定形碳的量。由于本发明的涂层3具有这种组成,所以可以描述为:在第一亚层21和第三亚层23之间设置有这样的第二亚层22,该第二亚层22所包含的氢化无定形碳的量和硅的量从第一亚层21至第三亚层23的方向彼此呈相反的变化,并且这种变化是以渐进式进行的。换言之,随着离第一亚层21越来越远,涂层3中硅的量不断降低,而氢化无定形碳的量不断升高,直到其达到第三亚层23中的100%的量(参见图2)。
以这种渐进式存在的元素硅旨在促使金属基材1与由氢化无定形碳形成的第三亚层23之间具有更好的粘附性。由于沉积条件,与基材1相邻的第一亚层21可能与基材1相混,使得构成第一亚层21的元素扩散到构成基材1的材料中。这一细节可以在图2中线I左侧所代表的区域观察到,该区域表示第一亚层21和基材1之间的过渡。对于包含氢化无定形碳的第二亚层22而言,也存在这样的扩散。
应当注意的是,本发明的涂层3的化学组成及其显著的优点仅可以通过所用的沉积技术获得。
因此,类金刚石碳涂层3利用与专利文献EP1783349中所述类似的技术原理。或者,可以通过任何其他的技术原理来沉积涂层3,只要能够确保所述涂层3的性质即可,也就是说,涂层3包括三个亚层21、22、23,即:用于成核/粘附的、与金属基材1相邻的、具有硅的第一亚层21;具有硅和氢化无定形碳的第二过渡亚层22,其覆盖在第一亚层21上;以及最后的具有100%氢化无定形碳的第三亚层23,其覆盖在第二亚层22上。
优选但非限制性的是,所述涂层3是通过利用用于涂覆传导性内表面的新技术而获得的,该技术能够利用等离子体化学气相沉积(PECVD)通过空心阴极效应(HCE)而生成沉积物。
筒形腔体内表面的涂层3是通过以下方式形成的:连接至电压源,使得工件作为阴极,并在所述工件的两个入口处分别连接阳极。随后将气体源引入入口,将真空泵连接至相对的出口。在监控筒体内部压力的条件下形成涂层3,并且利用所得压力信息将条件维持在表现出空心阴极效应的状态下。还可以借助于碳氢化合物、以及利用气体(例如,氩气)通过向筒体施加负压源以将工件的污染物粉碎从而进行前期清洁。在这种情况中,可以使用碳氢化合物(C2H2)作为前体来沉积DLC涂层3,因为其是惰性的并且具有高的耐腐蚀性。
虽然位于金属、陶瓷或DLC上的任何具有所需性质的涂层均可应用该原理,但是,本发明的涂层3利用具有sp3(类金刚石)键的DLC,从而在工作表面上获得具有低摩擦、优异的粘附性和耐腐蚀性的硬质涂层3。
因此,通过利用无定形碳和硅,将所用的元素硅成功地用作除DLC基质以外的掺杂剂,从而提高了涂层3的热稳定性并有助于降低压缩比。
当然,本发明能够进行各种各样的改变,可以通过利用非对称双极直流电(DC)来保持高的等离子体密度,使得可获得数量级至少为1微米/分钟的沉积速率,从而实现优异的结果。应当注意的是,现有技术公开的常规方法能够获得数量级为1微米/小时的沉积速率。因此,本发明提供了显著提高的生产能力,能够获得高达现有技术约六十倍的沉积速率。
关于优点,本发明的涂层3不会改变筒形腔体的原始形貌;与具有常规结构的铸铁相比,能够确保将磨损程度降低至少50%;防止由发动机中的不完全燃烧而产生的煤残余物不利地沉积在气缸内;以及,与不具有涂层3的环相比,极大地降低了摩擦系数。
此外,所讨论的涂层3为筒形腔体赋予了金刚石自身的性质,例如,高的机械硬度以及化学惰性和机电惰性。从摩擦学上来说,该涂层因其低摩擦和低磨耗而极其引人注目,在各种各样的机械应用中、尤其是在具有相对滑移运动的应用中,这些都是非常重要的要点。
当然,这些特征可以根据沉积的条件和方法而大幅改变。因此,本发明的涂层3的厚度可以在1微米至25微米的范围内;氢的量可以在3原子%至40原子%的范围内;其硬度可以在7吉帕斯卡至40吉帕斯卡(GPa)范围内;根据ISO14577,通过划痕测试测量,其粘附力为至少30N并且可以达到150N;内应力优选低于1.5(GPa)。关于粗糙度,其可以表现为任何值,但是其优选为低于0.3微米Rpk、1微米Rk和3微米Rvk。
由此,本发明通过提出具有高生产能力和低排斥力的沉积方法,获得了这样的产品,该产品在机械、化学、摩擦学等性质方面具有多种优点,此外还使所述涂层3的制备变得非常容易。
已经描述了优选实施方案的例子,应当理解的是,本发明的范围包括其他可能的变体,本发明的范围仅通过随附的权利要求书的内容限定,该权利要求书包括可能的等价形式。
Claims (12)
1.一种发动机部件,其具有至少一个筒形腔体,活塞在所述筒形腔体的内部移动,所述筒形腔体包括具有金属基体的基材(1)的内表面,所述基材(1)上施加有至少一层涂层(3),其特征在于,所述涂层(3)包括:
-与所述基材(1)相邻的第一亚层(21),所述第一亚层(21)包含至少80%的硅并扩散至所述基材;
-过渡的第二亚层(22),所述第二亚层(22)设置在所述第一亚层(21)和第三亚层(23)之间,所述第二亚层(22)由氢化无定形碳和硅构成;以及
-覆盖在所述第二亚层(22)上的第三亚层(23),所述第三亚层(23)包含基本上100%的氢化无定形碳,所述涂层(3)沉积在所述金属基材(1)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的部件,其特征在于,所述第二亚层(22)中的无定形碳的量和硅的量从所述第一亚层(21)至所述第三亚层(23)的方向以渐进的方式彼此呈相反的变化。
3.根据权利要求1和2所述的部件,其特征在于,所述基材主要由铁或钢构成。
4.根据权利要求1和2所述的部件,其特征在于,所述基材主要由铝构成。
5.根据权利要求1至4所述的部件,其特征在于,所述涂层(3)的厚度范围为1微米至25微米。
6.根据权利要求1至5所述的部件,其特征在于,所述涂层(3)的硬度范围为7GPa至40GPa。
7.根据权利要求1至6所述的部件,其特征在于,根据划痕测试标准,所述涂层(3)的粘附力范围为30N至150N。
8.根据权利要求1至7所述的部件,其特征在于,所述涂层(3)的内应力为至多2.5GPa。
9.根据权利要求1至8所述的部件,其特征在于,所述涂层(3)是通过等离子体化学气相沉积(PECVD)由空心阴极效应提供的。
10.根据权利要求1至9所述的部件,其特征在于,所述涂层(3)的沉积速率实质上为至少1微米/分钟。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的部件,其特征在于,所述部件为发动机组。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的部件,其特征在于,所述部件为发动机套筒。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI1100176-3 | 2011-02-10 | ||
BRPI1100176-3A BRPI1100176A2 (pt) | 2011-02-10 | 2011-02-10 | componente de motor |
PCT/BR2012/000027 WO2012106791A1 (pt) | 2011-02-10 | 2012-02-09 | Componente de motor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN104066870A true CN104066870A (zh) | 2014-09-24 |
CN104066870B CN104066870B (zh) | 2017-02-08 |
Family
ID=46044121
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201280008479.2A Expired - Fee Related CN104066870B (zh) | 2011-02-10 | 2012-02-09 | 发动机部件 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9175634B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2674512A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2014511449A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN104066870B (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI1100176A2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2012106791A1 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109295433A (zh) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-02-01 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | 一种深长孔管道内壁用超厚碳基润滑涂层的沉积方法 |
CN110777352A (zh) * | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-11 | 通用电气公司 | 具有非晶结构的硅粘合涂层及其形成方法 |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140020555A1 (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2014-01-23 | Marcio Silverio | Piston assembly for alternative compressor |
BR102012012636B1 (pt) * | 2012-05-25 | 2022-01-04 | Mahle Metal Leve S/A | Cilindro para aplicação em um motor de combustão interna |
BR112015026529A2 (pt) * | 2013-05-31 | 2017-07-25 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | membro revestido com carbono e método para fabricação do mesmo |
BR102013031497A2 (pt) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-11-10 | Mahle Int Gmbh | processo de revestimento de um cilindro de um motor a combustão interna e cilindro/camisa de motor |
US20160369737A1 (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2016-12-22 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Internal-combustion engine cylinder block and production method therefor |
JP7083295B2 (ja) * | 2018-08-22 | 2022-06-10 | トヨタ自動車東日本株式会社 | 摺動部材及びその製造方法 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040038033A1 (en) * | 2000-04-12 | 2004-02-26 | Orlaw Massler | Dlc layer system and method for producing said layer system |
CN1890398A (zh) * | 2003-12-02 | 2007-01-03 | 贝卡尔特股份有限公司 | 层状结构 |
CN100529374C (zh) * | 2004-07-06 | 2009-08-19 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 配备有非晶硬质碳膜的活塞环、活塞、汽缸和活塞销 |
CN101711288A (zh) * | 2007-04-13 | 2010-05-19 | R·施泰因 | 向工件和/或材料涂布高强度涂层的方法 |
CN101802253A (zh) * | 2007-06-28 | 2010-08-11 | 分之一技术公司 | 使用类金刚石母体在内表面生成金刚石样碳镀层的方法 |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005314454A (ja) * | 2004-04-27 | 2005-11-10 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 低摩擦摺動部材 |
US7300684B2 (en) * | 2004-07-15 | 2007-11-27 | Sub-One Technology, Inc. | Method and system for coating internal surfaces of prefabricated process piping in the field |
US7541069B2 (en) * | 2005-03-07 | 2009-06-02 | Sub-One Technology, Inc. | Method and system for coating internal surfaces using reverse-flow cycling |
EP1702998B1 (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2020-04-29 | Jtekt Corporation | amorphous-carbon coated member |
JP4954644B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-31 | 2012-06-20 | 日本ピストンリング株式会社 | シリンダライナとピストンリングの組み合わせ |
US20100319647A1 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2010-12-23 | Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. | Combination structure of piston ring and cylinder liner for internal combustion engine |
WO2009140417A1 (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2009-11-19 | Sub-One Technology, Inc. | Method of coating inner and outer surfaces of pipes for thermal solar and other applications |
WO2012173912A1 (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2012-12-20 | Federal-Mogul Corporation | Germanium containing coating for inner surfaces of cylinder liners |
-
2011
- 2011-02-10 BR BRPI1100176-3A patent/BRPI1100176A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2012
- 2012-02-09 JP JP2013552799A patent/JP2014511449A/ja active Pending
- 2012-02-09 US US13/984,845 patent/US9175634B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-02-09 CN CN201280008479.2A patent/CN104066870B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-02-09 EP EP12719244.1A patent/EP2674512A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-02-09 WO PCT/BR2012/000027 patent/WO2012106791A1/pt active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040038033A1 (en) * | 2000-04-12 | 2004-02-26 | Orlaw Massler | Dlc layer system and method for producing said layer system |
CN1890398A (zh) * | 2003-12-02 | 2007-01-03 | 贝卡尔特股份有限公司 | 层状结构 |
CN100529374C (zh) * | 2004-07-06 | 2009-08-19 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 配备有非晶硬质碳膜的活塞环、活塞、汽缸和活塞销 |
CN101711288A (zh) * | 2007-04-13 | 2010-05-19 | R·施泰因 | 向工件和/或材料涂布高强度涂层的方法 |
CN101802253A (zh) * | 2007-06-28 | 2010-08-11 | 分之一技术公司 | 使用类金刚石母体在内表面生成金刚石样碳镀层的方法 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110777352A (zh) * | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-11 | 通用电气公司 | 具有非晶结构的硅粘合涂层及其形成方法 |
CN110777352B (zh) * | 2018-07-31 | 2022-02-25 | 通用电气公司 | 具有非晶结构的硅粘合涂层及其形成方法 |
CN109295433A (zh) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-02-01 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | 一种深长孔管道内壁用超厚碳基润滑涂层的沉积方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2012106791A8 (pt) | 2014-07-31 |
EP2674512A1 (en) | 2013-12-18 |
US20140102399A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
US9175634B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 |
WO2012106791A1 (pt) | 2012-08-16 |
CN104066870B (zh) | 2017-02-08 |
BRPI1100176A2 (pt) | 2013-04-24 |
JP2014511449A (ja) | 2014-05-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN104066870A (zh) | 发动机部件 | |
Tyagi et al. | A critical review of diamond like carbon coating for wear resistance applications | |
Moriguchi et al. | History and applications of diamond-like carbon manufacturing processes | |
CN103608482B (zh) | 具有涂层的滑动件、特别是活塞环和生产滑动件的方法 | |
Gadow et al. | Composite coatings with dry lubrication ability on light metal substrates | |
RU2585603C2 (ru) | Элемент скольжения, в частности, поршневое кольцо с нанесенным покрытием | |
Ye et al. | An analysis on tribological performance of CrCN coatings with different carbon contents in seawater | |
CN101918612B (zh) | 低摩擦元件的制造 | |
CN103620085B (zh) | 用于涂覆活塞环的至少内部面的方法和活塞环 | |
KR100867912B1 (ko) | 비정질 경질 탄소막을 갖는 피스톤 링, 피스톤, 실린더, 및피스톤 핀 | |
JP2011519394A (ja) | ピストンリング | |
CN109023365A (zh) | 一种唇型油封旋转轴耐磨减摩复合涂层及其制备方法 | |
Liskiewicz et al. | DLC coatings in oil and gas production | |
BR102016015392A2 (pt) | Sliding element for internal combustion engines | |
JP2003247060A (ja) | 非晶質炭素被膜の製造方法及び非晶質炭素被覆摺動部品 | |
CN102251213B (zh) | 兼具耐蚀性和耐磨性的镁合金表面气相沉积防护涂层及其制备方法 | |
CN106086812A (zh) | 一种金属表面防腐蚀耐磨损的复合涂层及其制备方法 | |
CN114196913B (zh) | 一种超低摩擦固液复合润滑涂层及其制备方法 | |
KR101354433B1 (ko) | 플루오린이 함유된 박막 제조방법 및 그 박막 | |
Chen et al. | Substrate‐dependent enhancement of the durability of EPD graphene coating as a macroscale solid lubricant | |
Yu et al. | Tailoring the mechanical and high‐temperature tribological properties of Si‐DLC films by controlling the Si content | |
KR101130049B1 (ko) | 다이아몬드상 카본 박막 코팅 피스톤 및 그 제조방법 | |
Lusk et al. | A high density hollow cathode plasma PECVD technique for depositing films on the internal surfaces of cylindrical substrates | |
JP6604557B2 (ja) | ピストンリングおよびエンジン | |
KR102133773B1 (ko) | 유기금속 전구체를 이용한 윤활부품 박막 제조방법 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20170208 Termination date: 20210209 |
|
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |