CN104058088B - 用于飞行器的翼板 - Google Patents

用于飞行器的翼板 Download PDF

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CN104058088B
CN104058088B CN201410101378.0A CN201410101378A CN104058088B CN 104058088 B CN104058088 B CN 104058088B CN 201410101378 A CN201410101378 A CN 201410101378A CN 104058088 B CN104058088 B CN 104058088B
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eyelid covering
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side wall
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CN104058088A (zh
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马蒂厄·诺尔芒
奥利维耶·弗罗
埃里克·克雷斯托
塞巴斯蒂安·阿藏
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Airbus Operations GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于飞行器翼部的板（10），其中板（10）具有夹层的结构（11、12、13），在夹层的结构（11、12、13）中布置有增强部件（1）。当板（10）附接至托架（15）从而铰接至另一元件时，增强部件（1）设置成在其整个表面上将由托架（15）传递的力（18）分摊至板（10）。

Description

用于飞行器的翼板
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于飞行器的翼板。
背景技术
在飞行器中，翼板总体上形成副翼、扰流板或襟翼。为此，翼板通常通过托架而相对于飞行器的另一个相邻的板或升力表面铰接并致动。
当将板致动时，力经由托架传递至板的结构并且这导致在每个托架处、更具体地在用于组装板与托架的装置处产生极大的应力集中。
发明内容
本发明的特定目的是通过提出一种改进的板来减小这些应力。为此，本文献涉及一种板：该板包括彼此附接的第一蒙皮和第二蒙皮，板包括芯部，芯部布置在由第一蒙皮与第二蒙皮的组件限定的、位于第一蒙皮的内表面与第二蒙皮的内表面之间的容积中，其中板还包括增强部件，增强部件布置在芯部中产生的切除部分中，增强部件包括侧壁和至少一个圆筒形管，其中侧壁具有与第一蒙皮和第二蒙皮中的任一者的内部面平行并接触的一个面，所述至少一个圆筒形管紧固至侧壁、布置成与侧壁的面垂直，每个管在使用位置中围绕组装装置，其中组装装置从第一蒙皮穿过板延伸至第二蒙皮并且具有与第一蒙皮和第二蒙皮中的另一者的外部表面接触的一个端部。
附图说明
通过在下文中参照附图进行的指示性详细描述，本发明的其它特征、细节以及优点将变得更为明显，附图中：
图1在立体分解视图中示出了根据本发明的一种实施方式的板，
图2在横截面视图中示出了根据本发明的一种实施方式的板/增强部件/托架界面的细节，
图3在横截面视图中示出了根据本发明的一种实施方式的配备有增强部件的板，
图4至6以从上方观察的方式示出了根据本发明的多种实施方式的板/增强部件/托架界面，
图7在横截面视图中示出了根据本发明的一种实施方式的板/增强部件/托架界面的细节，
图8在立体视图中示出了根据本发明的一种优选实施方式的增强部件。
在全部的这些附图中，相同的附图标记表示相同或相类似的元件。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的一种实施方式的飞行器翼板10。这种板10具有夹层结构，该夹层结构通常包括第一蒙皮11和第二蒙皮12，蒙皮各自具有外部面和内部面。
在图1中示出的示例中，两个蒙皮大致呈平面。然而这些蒙皮可以具有其它形状。
这两个蒙皮由复合材料制成，例如碳纤维增强塑料（CFRP）。板10还包括由多孔材料制成的芯部13，该芯部13占据了包含于两个蒙皮11、12的内部面之间并且由两个蒙皮11、12的内部面限定的空间。该多孔材料例如为蜂窝结构或聚氨酯型泡沫（mousse）。
这种板10通常经由至少一个托架15而附接/铰接至另一个板或单元。为此，如图1所示，托架包括例如底板，该底板的形状与板10的蒙皮12的外部表面（也就是外部面）互补。托架15的另一部分形成为提供与飞行器的另一个板或与升力表面的附接和/或铰接。托架15以已知的方式包括至少一个孔，该孔使得能够与铰接轴和/或致动杆相接合。
托架15与板10之间的组装界面在底板处具有显著减小的接触表面。这导致施加在作用点17处的任何力18都会经由托架15传递，并且在板10中产生局部化且因此较大的应力。
参照图2，通常使用至少一个组装装置16来进行托架15与板10的组装。
组装装置16在与板10呈横向的优选方向上基本正对地穿过板10和板10的两个蒙皮11、12而延伸。这种组装装置16为螺母-螺栓组件。
在此情况下，在板10的一侧，螺栓的头部压靠蒙皮11的外部面。在托架15的一侧，每个组装装置16通过螺母紧固至托架15，螺母防止组装装置16的穿过托架15的一个端部移动运动。
可替代地，组装装置16为铆钉、销、或是任何其它的等同装置。
板10还包括增强部件1，增强部件1形成为使其能够定位在至少一个托架15与板10之间的组装处。增强部件1包括侧壁2以及与侧壁2相接触的至少一个圆筒形管3。
侧壁2定位在芯部13中制成的切除部分中，并且因此定位在包含于两个蒙皮11、12之间并且由两个蒙皮11、12限定的容积中。
侧壁2包括与蒙皮12的内部表面接触——例如粘合至蒙皮12的内部表面——并且面向另一个蒙皮11的一个面。该面至少覆盖蒙皮12的以下表面：该表面面向与蒙皮12相对的至少一个托架15的底板。如果板10配备有多以一个托架15，如图1中所示，则侧壁2有利地以单个延伸部的方式至少覆盖蒙皮12的、面向与其相对的托架15底板的表面。
每个圆筒形管3在组装位置中围绕组装装置16，并且在组装装置16的基本整个长度上延伸。每个圆筒形管3布置成围绕一个组装装置16并且具有圆形的外部横截面。在一种变型中，该外部横截面例如为方形、椭圆形、六角形、等等。
根据另一特征，更具体地在图3和图7中示出的，增强部件1还包括设置有外缘5的加强部4。
增强部件1形成为使得当侧壁2的一个面与蒙皮12的内部表面接触时，外缘5以与另一蒙皮11基本平行的方式与另一蒙皮11接触。
加强部4相对于侧壁2呈横向并且相对于外缘5呈横向。由侧壁2、加强部4以及外缘5形成的组件的轮廓因此大致呈Z形。加强部4因此相对于两个蒙皮11、12呈横向并且形成了位于蒙皮11、12之间的间隔部，该间隔部有助于产生用于板10的加强部。加强部4因此抵抗作用成使两个蒙皮11朝一起靠近的应力。
通过使侧壁2与加强部4之间具有大致为直角的第一角度，并且使加强部4与其外缘5之间具有大致为直角的第二角度，该构型使得能够有利地加强增强部件1。
根据一种有利的实施方式，外缘5例如通过粘合而紧固至蒙皮11。加强部4因此也抵抗作用成使两个蒙皮11、12分离的应力。
根据另一实施方式，增强部件1可以包括单个加强部4，在加强部之上安装有外缘5。这种构型可以被称为是一维性的。然而，为了突出加强部4带来的刚性效果，有利的是加强部4的形状为二维性的，这如参照从上方观察的图4至6描述的以下实施方式所述。
图4示出了另一实施方式，在该实施方式中设计成用于单个托架15的增强部件1包括加强部4和相联的外缘5，加强部4和相联的外缘5在侧壁2的面与蒙皮12的内部面接触的平面中为圆形。加强部4优选为形成圆弧，并且围绕托架15进而围绕一个或多个圆筒形管3定位。该圆弧能够因此在一个或多个圆筒形管3上居中。
增强部件1还能够设计成用于更多个托架15，这如具有两个这种托架15的图6所示。在具有多个托架15的情况下，加强部4、4’有利地定位成围绕托架15进而围绕圆筒形管3。加强部4、4’因此基本上定中心在多个托架15的圆筒形管3的质心上。
尽管圆形/椭圆形形状的加强部4对于应力分布以及增强部件1的刚性来说是理想的，然而这种形状可能是难以生产的。还有利的是用多边形形状来代替围绕一个或更多个托架15的加强部4的圆形形状。
图5示出了一种示例，在该示例中加强部4在侧壁2的面与蒙皮12的内部面接触的平面中具有能够围绕单个托架15定位的两侧式多边形形状。
图6以叠加的方式示出了由实线表示的实施方式，在该实施方式中加强部4和相联的外缘5具有围绕两个托架15的大致呈椭圆形的形状，并且示出了由虚线表示的替代性实施方式，在该替代性实施方式中加强部4’和相联的外缘5’具有围绕相同的两个托架15的三侧式多边形形状，在此情况下为梯形形状。
为了简化增强部件1的生产，根据制造技术以下会是有利的：增强部件1包括位于侧壁2的整个外周/全部侧面上的加强部4和外缘5。增强部件1因此形成为“盒”。侧壁2形成该盒的基部。该盒在与侧壁2相反的面上敞开。该盒具有围绕其外周的加强部4。
图8中示出了这种增强部件1的一种示例性实施方式。该增强部件1具有大致呈四边形形状——该四边形形状具有四个直的侧边——的加强部4，并且该增强部件1围绕两个托架15。
增强部件1可以由复合材料制成。因此，如同板10的蒙皮11、12，增强部件1可以由碳纤维增强塑料（CFRP）制成。
可替代地，增强部件1可以由金属制成。还可能的是将复合材料与金属相结合来产生增强部件1。
增强部件1可以由单个部件制成，该单个部件包括侧壁2、至少一个加强部4和至少一个外缘5、以及一个或多个圆筒形管3。可替代地，增强部件1可以由若干独立部件制成，之后这些独立部件组装在一起。
因此，例如，包括有侧壁2、一个或更多个加强部4以及一个或更多个外缘5的组件可以在单个步骤中由复合材料制成，并且圆筒形管3可以单独制造且之后附接至侧壁2。
对于板10，如图1所示，由多孔材料制成的芯部6可以有利地添加至增强部件1。在此情况下，芯部6占据了几乎全部的由增强部件1限定的内部容积。因此，在芯部6插入芯部13的切除部分中的情况下，位于板10的蒙皮11、12之间的全部内部容积有利地填充有芯部6和芯部13的多孔材料。
将参照图7来描述本发明的优点。参照该图，托架15通常包括两个孔。朝向板10和托架15的前方AV定位的第一孔用于铰接板10。在托架15的后方AR定位的第二孔17用于附接致动杆。此外，第二孔17是施加至板10——且更具体地施加至蒙皮12——的力18的作用点17。
为了分摊应力并且利用蒙皮11、12的强度，组装装置16从一个蒙皮穿过板10至另一个蒙皮。使用若干组件16从而通过将力18分散以分摊应力。由托架15接收的力18因此产生在板10中，主要在组装装置16穿过板10的厚度的点处产生在板10中。
圆筒形管3紧固至侧壁2，并且由托架15施加的力18传递至组装装置16。之后力18通过圆筒形管3的传导而传递至板10，并且之后借助于圆筒形管3与侧壁2之间的连接而传递至侧壁2。之后侧壁2借助于侧壁2与蒙皮12之间的接触而将力18分摊于蒙皮12的整个表面上。
以此方式产生的的增强部件1——其具有侧壁2和紧固至侧壁2的至少一个圆筒形管16——能够将由托架15传递的力18（主要是该力18的剪切分量）分摊及分散至托架15与板10之间的界面。
当增强部件包括加强部4和外缘5时，加强部4定位在相对于圆筒形管3而言与力的作用点17相反的一侧。根据本发明的板因此能够将力18分摊到整个板10上，这是由于由紧固至侧壁2的加强部4和外缘5构成的装置能够将两个蒙皮11彼此紧固并且因此能够将应力也分摊到蒙皮11中。
此外，圆筒形管3特别地用作板10的两个蒙皮11、12之间的间隔部，从而防止被压在一起的蒙皮11、12将板10压裂，其中蒙皮11、12例如在被收紧的组装装置16的作用下而被压在一起。
因此，增强部件1——特别是在增强部件1包括芯部6的情况下——使得能够将蒙皮12的厚度在侧壁2的范围内局部增加。这对于由复合材料制成的蒙皮12而言是特别有利的。事实上，对于复合材料，厚度的剧烈变化通常是不可能的。相反，厚度的变化必须是极缓慢的并且需要较大的过渡区域。

Claims (7)

1.一种板(10)，所述板(10)包括彼此附接的第一蒙皮(11)和第二蒙皮(12)，所述板包括芯部(13)，所述芯部(13)布置在由所述第一蒙皮和所述第二蒙皮的组件限定的、位于所述第一蒙皮的内部面与所述第二蒙皮的内部面之间的容积中，其中所述板还包括增强部件(1)，所述增强部件(1)布置在所述芯部中产生的切除部分中，所述增强部件包括侧壁(2)和至少一个圆筒形管(3)，所述侧壁(2)具有与所述第一蒙皮和所述第二蒙皮中的任一者的内部面平行并接触的一个面，所述至少一个圆筒形管(3)紧固至所述侧壁、布置成与所述侧壁的所述面垂直，每个圆筒形管在使用位置中围绕组装装置(16)，所述组装装置(16)从所述第一蒙皮穿过所述板延伸至所述第二蒙皮，并且所述组装装置(16)具有与所述第一蒙皮和所述第二蒙皮中的另一者的外部面接触的一个端部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的板(10)，其中，所述增强部件包括联接有外缘(5)的至少一个加强部(4)，所述外缘(5)定位成与所述第一蒙皮和所述第二蒙皮中的所述另一者大致平行并接触，所述加强部(4)将所述外缘(5)联接至所述侧壁(2)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的板(10)，其中，所述加强部(4)相对于所述侧壁(2)呈横向并且相对于所述外缘(5)呈横向。
4.根据权利要求2所述的板(10)，其中，所述加强部(4)在与所述侧壁(2)的所述面平行的平面中具有大致呈多边形的形状，所述大致呈多边形的形状包括围绕所述至少一个圆筒形管(3)的至少一个侧边。
5.根据权利要求4所述的板(10)，其中，所述加强部(4)在与所述侧壁(2)的所述面平行的平面中具有围绕所述至少一个圆筒形管(3)的大致呈圆形的形状。
6.根据权利要求3至5中的任一项所述的板(10)，其中，所述加强部(4)在与所述侧壁(2)的所述面平行的平面中具有围绕所述至少一个圆筒形管(3)的、沿着所述侧壁(2)的整个外周的封闭形状。
7.一种由至少一个托架(15)和一个板(10)经由至少一个组装装置(16)而组装成的组件，所述板(10)包括彼此附接的第一蒙皮(11)和第二蒙皮(12)，所述板包括芯部(13)，所述芯部(13)布置在由所述第一蒙皮和所述第二蒙皮的组件限定的、位于所述第一蒙皮的内部面与所述第二蒙皮的内部面之间的容积中，其中所述板还包括增强部件(1)，所述增强部件(1)布置在所述芯部中产生的切除部分中，所述增强部件包括侧壁(2)和至少一个圆筒形管(3)，所述侧壁(2)具有与所述第一蒙皮和所述第二蒙皮中的任一者的内部面平行并接触的一个面，所述至少一个圆筒形管(3)紧固至所述侧壁、布置成与所述侧壁的所述面垂直，每个圆筒形管在使用位置中围绕组装装置(16)，所述组装装置(16)从所述第一蒙皮穿过所述板延伸至所述第二蒙皮，并且所述组装装置(16)具有与所述第一蒙皮和所述第二蒙皮中的另一者的外部面接触的一个端部，并且其中，所述至少一个组装装置(16)紧固至所述托架(15)并且穿过所述板(10)，被容纳在所述圆筒形管(3)中。
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