CN104031722A - Lubricating oil - Google Patents
Lubricating oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN104031722A CN104031722A CN201410218087.XA CN201410218087A CN104031722A CN 104031722 A CN104031722 A CN 104031722A CN 201410218087 A CN201410218087 A CN 201410218087A CN 104031722 A CN104031722 A CN 104031722A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lubricating oil which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10-25% of detergent dispersant, 5-15% of antioxidation and anticorrosion agent, 5-15% of extreme-pressure antiwear additive, 10-15% of tackifier, 1-3% of ferrite-base magnetic fluid and the balance of base oil. The lubricating oil additives can greatly improve the antiwear and anti-friction properties of the lubricating oil, enhance the heat stability and convert the iron powder and mud oil generated in the crankshaft and connecting rod tile working process into nano balls, thereby reducing the friction of the machine, lowering the oil temperature and prolonging the service life of the lubricating oil and machine.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lubricating oil.
Background technology
Frictional wear is ubiquitous spontaneous phenomenon, and lubricating oil is to reduce friction reduce and resist one of the most effective approach of wearing and tearing, and it is the target that greaser author constantly pursues that wear surface is carried out to original position reparation at the volley always.Lubricating oil is generally comprised of base oil and additive two portions, and base oil is lubricated main body of oil, is determining the essential property of lubricating oil, and additive can make up and improve some performance of base oil.Lubricating oil is by its source minute animal and vegetable oil, petroleum oil and ucon oil three major types.The consumption of petroleum oil accounts for total consumption more than 97%, so lubricating oil often refers to petroleum oil.Be mainly used in reducing the friction between moving parts surface, machinery equipment had to cooling, sealing, anticorrosion, antirust, insulation, power simultaneously and transmit, clean the effects such as impurity, lubricating oil distillate and the residue oil fraction of mainly take from crude unit are raw material.The topmost performance of lubricating oil is viscosity, oxidation stability and oilness, and the composition of they and lubricating oil distillate is closely related.Viscosity is the important quality index of reflection lubricating oil flow, different working conditionss has different viscosity requirements, the machinery of heavy loading and lower velocity will be selected thick oil, oxidation stability represents that oil product is in environment for use, the resistance of oxidation showing due to oxygen in temperature, air and metal catalytic effect.After oil oxidation, according to working conditions, can generate tiny bituminous matter is main carbon shape material, is paint-like material or the paint film of viscous, or the hydrous matter of viscosity, thereby reduces or lose its use properties.Oilness represents the Wear vesistance of lubricating oil.Lubricating oil additive concept is one or more compounds that add in lubricant, so that lubricant obtains certain new characteristic or improves more existing characteristics in lubricant.Additive divides by function types such as mainly containing antioxidant, anti-wear agent, friction modifier (having another name called oiliness improver), extreme-pressure additive, purification agent, dispersion agent, froth suppressor, corrosion prevention rust preventer, flow point activator, viscosity index improver.The additive of selling in market is all generally the combination product of above each single additive, and difference is exactly the composition difference of single additive and the ratio difference of the inner several single additives of composite additive.
The overwhelming majority of research both at home and abroad and application is organic additive at present, and to the research of inorganic additives seldom, it applies phoenix feathers and unicorn horns especially.Along with the deep development of studying in lubricating oil field, people find that a lot of inorganic additivess have demonstrated good performance gradually, some is even obviously better than organic additive, but, because inorganic additives is insoluble or be insoluble in oil, also difficulty is stably dispersed in lubricating oil, and restriction has been received in its application.In the last few years, Chinese scholars, in seeking the process of anti wear and friction reducing additives, found that some nanoparticle can all significantly improve the tribological property of lubricating oil by friction self-repair function, reached the object of antiwear and antifriction.Therefore, using nano particle as slip additive, be applied to the emphasis that research in lubricating oil has become tribological field research in recent years.
In production work, the iron powder of crankshaft-and-connecting-rod watt generation and mud oil, usually can affect the running of apparatus; of a specified duration even accelerate the aging of apparatus; lubricating oil additive of the prior art, antiwear and friction reduction property, thermostability are not also fine, and can not effectively solve iron powder and mud oil problem.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above-mentioned problems of the prior art, a kind of new lubricant is provided, it can improve the antiwear and friction reduction property of lubricating oil greatly, strengthen thermostability, can also make crankshaft-and-connecting-rod watt iron powder and the greasy filth that in work, produce become nano level ball, thereby reduce the friction of machine, reduce oil temperature, extend lubricating oil and service life of a machine.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A lubricating oil, comprises the composition of following weight percent:
Detergent-dispersant additive 10-25%, oxidation and corrosion inhibitor 5-15%, extreme pressure anti-wear additives 5-15%, tackifier 10-15%, iron oxygen based magnetofluid 1-3%, base oil surplus.
Described detergent-dispersant additive is low alkali value synthesized calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate, high base number linear alkyl benzene calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate, long-chain linear alkyl benzene high base number calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate, high base number synthesizes dialkyl benzene sulfonic acids calcium, long-chain linear alkyl benzene high base number synthesizes sulfonic acid magnesium, SULFURIZED CALCIUM ALKYL PHENATE WITH HIGH BASE NUMBER, polyisobutenyl succimide, boronation polyisobutenyl succimide, high molecular weight polyisobutylene base succimide, a kind of in boronation high molecular weight polyisobutylene base succimide or more than one mixing.
Described oxidation and corrosion inhibitor is a kind of in the two pungent primary alkyl zinc salts of the pungent primary alkyl zinc salt of sulphur phosphorus fourth, sulphur phosphorus, the two pungent primary alkyl zinc salts of alkali formula sulphur phosphorus, the pungent secondary primary alkyl zinc salt of sulphur phosphorus third, sulphur phosphorus brothers alkyl zinc salt or more than one mixing.
Described extreme pressure anti-wear additives is olefine sulfide, phosphoric acid ester or nitride.
Described tackifier are one or more the mixing in polyvinyl n-butyl ether, polymethacrylate, polyacrylic ester, polyisobutene, Atactic Polypropelene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber.
Described iron oxygen based magnetofluid is Fe
3o
4magnetic powder.
Described Fe
3o
4the preparation method of magnetic powder is:
A, preparation Fe
3o
4magnetic powder: divalent iron salt and ferric salt solution are mixed in 1:2 ~ 1:1 ratio, at room temperature above-mentioned iron salt solutions alkalescence is added fast in the excessive NaOH solution precipitator that has added oleic acid, it is 9 ~ 10 that pH controls, stirring reaction 8 ~ 12 minutes, then by its precipitate and separate, washing, dry, obtain;
B, Fe
3o
4magnetic powder surface modification: the Fe that steps A is made
3o
4it is in 1 ~ 3% silane coupler solution that powder joins weight percent, carries out ultrasonic dispersion, then stirs, and dry, porphyrize, obtains.
In described steps A, the method for precipitate and separate is, sample is put into large beaker, adds a large amount of distilled water or ethanol, carries out ultrasonic dispersion, then beaker is put into and on magnet, carries out solid-liquid separation.
The preparation method of described silane coupling agent is, first that silane coupling agent is soluble in water, is prepared into 0.5 ~ 2% solution, and then adds Glacial acetic acid, by its pH modulation 5.5, stirs 5 minutes, obtains.
In described step B, the time of ultrasonic dispersion is 30 minutes, and whipping temp is 80 ℃, and churning time is 30 minutes, and drying temperature is 100 ℃, and be 2 hours time of drying.
Detergent-dispersant additive, it is a kind of surface-active material that has, solid grain contamination in its energy adsorbed oil, low temperature greasy filth is scattered in oil, and make pollutent be suspended in oily surface, to filtered in lubrication oil circulation, it is peace and quiet guaranteeing to participate in the lubricated oil circulating, to reduce the formation of high temperature and paint film.It also has washing, the function such as anti-oxidant and anticorrosion simultaneously.The consumption of detergent-dispersant additive of the present invention is also strict control, say in a certain sense, the height of quality of lubrication oil, the key distinction, in the performance of opposing high and low temperature settling and varnish formation, also shows in the performance and add-on of detergent-dispersant additive in lubricating oil.
Use oxidation and corrosion inhibitor, because lubricating oil in use will contact with air, various mechanical means also can produce heat, friction part megadyne temperature degree in running is raise, in addition, the various metal materials in equipment, as copper, iron etc. all can play the deterioration by oxidation that oil product is accelerated in katalysis, be finally that lubricating oil viscosity increases, generate acidic substance corroding metal material, also can generate various charcoal shapes or pitch shape sedimentable matter as blocking pipelines such as paint films.All these change all brings disadvantageous effect to the continuation use of oil product and the normal operation of equipment; therefore require oil product to have good antioxygen and anti-rotten effect; in oil product, add antioxygen and anticorrosion additive; can suppress the oxidation of oil product; thereby passive metal suppresses its katalysis to oxidation, play and extend the object that oil product was used and protected machine.
Extreme pressure anti-wear additives can be under low speed high load or high speed impact load friction condition, on surface of friction and metal react with, generates all compounds lower than virgin metal of shearing force and fusing point, forms extreme pressure solid lubricant film, prevents sintering.Tackifier claim again thickening material, can increase the viscosity of oil product, and can improve the viscosity temperature characteristic of oil product.
Nanometer Fe
3o
4the characteristics such as magnetic powder has that specific surface area is large, diffustivity good, easy-sintering, fusing point are low, therefore with nanometer Fe
3o
4magnetic powder is that new lubricant prepared by additive is applied in friction system, to be different from the mode of action of conventional additive, play antiwear and antifriction effect, this new lubricant not only can form the film that one deck is easily sheared at friction surface, reduce frictional coefficient, and can carry out filling up and repairing to a certain degree to friction surface, play self-repair function.Nanoparticle because of granularity little, high and the easier engaging friction surface of surfactivity, make well separation of friction surface, repair is played at cut or the microcomputer place that can also directly be adsorbed onto part, improve antiwear and antifriction effect, because the form of nanoparticle with similar colloid is dispersed in oil, when oil leak, can be deposited on sliding surface, in case of emergency play lubrication.
The nanometer Fe that the present invention uses
3o
4magnetic powder, its anti-wear and friction-reducing mechanism is mainly realized by following three approach:
1. by similar " micro-bearing " effect, capable of reducing friction resistance, reduces frictional coefficient;
2. under friction condition, nanoparticle forms a smooth protective layer at surface of friction pair;
3. fill micro-hole and the damage location of surface of friction pair, play repair.
Visible, nanoparticle is the new additive agent of a kind of high temperature resistant, high-performance, the dynamic selfreparing of free of contamination original position as slip additive.
In order further to improve lubricity, life cycle and supporting capacity, preferably add rust-preventive agent, pour point depressant, non-emulsifying agent, defoamer etc. in component.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) the present invention is usingd magnetic Nano Fe3O4 particle as a kind of magnetic Nano lubricating oil additive, there is good lubricity, this lubricating oil that contains magnetic-particle has magnetic and mobility under non-uniform magnetic-field effect, not only can be full of exactly lubricated surface and realize continuous lubrication, and in greasing, can offset the effect of gravity and centripetal force, be difficult for again leaking and preventing outside contamination.And its laminated structure itself has self-lubricating function, after modification, can be dispersed in uniformly and stably in base oil, can place and not precipitate for a long time.
(2) lubricating oil of the present invention is arranged in pairs or groups by multiple additives common combination; greatly improved the performance of lubricating oil each side; increase lubricating oil stability; strengthen lubricant effect; in the work-ing life that extends lubricating oil, this lubricating oil can be widely used in power lubrication, can well protect machinery; and energy-saving consumption-reducing, be therefore with a wide range of applications.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further detailed explanation, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
Lubricating oil of the present invention, comprises the composition of following weight percent:
Detergent-dispersant additive 10%, oxidation and corrosion inhibitor 5%, extreme pressure anti-wear additives 5%, tackifier 10%, iron oxygen based magnetofluid 1%, base oil 69%.
Described detergent-dispersant additive is low alkali value synthesized calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate.
Described oxidation and corrosion inhibitor is the pungent primary alkyl zinc salt of sulphur phosphorus fourth.
Described extreme pressure anti-wear additives is olefine sulfide.
Described tackifier are polyvinyl n-butyl ether.
Described iron oxygen based magnetofluid is Fe
3o
4magnetic powder.
Described Fe
3o
4the preparation process of magnetic powder is:
A, preparation Fe
3o
4magnetic powder: divalent iron salt and ferric salt solution are mixed in 1:2 ratio, at room temperature above-mentioned iron salt solutions alkalescence is added fast in the excessive NaOH solution precipitator that has added oleic acid, it is 9 that pH controls, stirring reaction 8 minutes, then by its precipitate and separate, washing, dry, obtain;
B, Fe
3o
4magnetic powder surface modification: the Fe that steps A is made
3o
4it is in 1% silane coupler solution that powder joins weight percent, carries out ultrasonic dispersion, then stirs, and dry, porphyrize, obtains.
In described steps A, the method for precipitate and separate is, sample is put into large beaker, adds a large amount of distilled water or ethanol, carries out ultrasonic dispersion, then beaker is put into and on magnet, carries out solid-liquid separation.
The preparation method of described silane coupling agent is, first that silane coupling agent is soluble in water, is prepared into 0.5% solution, and then adds Glacial acetic acid, by its pH modulation 5.5, stirs 5 minutes, obtains.
In described step B, the time of ultrasonic dispersion is 30 minutes, and whipping temp is 80 ℃, and churning time is 30 minutes, and drying temperature is 100 ℃, and be 2 hours time of drying.
Embodiment 2
Lubricating oil of the present invention, comprises the composition of following weight percent:
Detergent-dispersant additive 18%, oxidation and corrosion inhibitor 10%, extreme pressure anti-wear additives 10%, tackifier 13%, iron oxygen based magnetofluid 2%, base oil 47%.
Described detergent-dispersant additive is high base number linear alkyl benzene calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate.
Described oxidation and corrosion inhibitor is the two pungent primary alkyl zinc salts of sulphur phosphorus.
Described extreme pressure anti-wear additives is phosphoric acid ester.
Described tackifier are polymethacrylate.
Described iron oxygen based magnetofluid is Fe
3o
4magnetic powder.
Described Fe
3o
4the preparation process of magnetic powder is:
A, preparation Fe
3o
4magnetic powder: divalent iron salt and ferric salt solution are mixed in 1:1.5 ratio, at room temperature above-mentioned iron salt solutions alkalescence is added fast in the excessive NaOH solution precipitator that has added oleic acid, it is 9.5 that pH controls, stirring reaction 10 minutes, then by its precipitate and separate, washing, dry, obtain;
B, Fe
3o
4magnetic powder surface modification: the Fe that steps A is made
3o
4it is in 2% silane coupler solution that powder joins weight percent, carries out ultrasonic dispersion, then stirs, and dry, porphyrize, obtains.
In described steps A, the method for precipitate and separate is, sample is put into large beaker, adds a large amount of distilled water or ethanol, carries out ultrasonic dispersion, then beaker is put into and on magnet, carries out solid-liquid separation.
The preparation method of described silane coupling agent is, first that silane coupling agent is soluble in water, is prepared into 1% solution, and then adds Glacial acetic acid, by its pH modulation 5.5, stirs 5 minutes, obtains.
In described step B, the time of ultrasonic dispersion is 30 minutes, and whipping temp is 80 ℃, and churning time is 30 minutes, and drying temperature is 100 ℃, and be 2 hours time of drying.
Embodiment 3
Lubricating oil of the present invention, comprises the composition of following weight percent:
Detergent-dispersant additive 25%, oxidation and corrosion inhibitor 15%, extreme pressure anti-wear additives 15%, tackifier 15%, iron oxygen based magnetofluid 3%, base oil 27%.
Described detergent-dispersant additive is long-chain linear alkyl benzene high base number calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate.
Described oxidation and corrosion inhibitor is the two pungent primary alkyl zinc salts of alkali formula sulphur phosphorus.
Described extreme pressure anti-wear additives is nitride.
Described tackifier are polyacrylic ester.
Described iron oxygen based magnetofluid is Fe
3o
4magnetic powder.
Described Fe
3o
4the preparation process of magnetic powder is:
A, preparation Fe
3o
4magnetic powder: divalent iron salt and ferric salt solution are mixed in 1:2 ~ 1:1 ratio, at room temperature above-mentioned iron salt solutions alkalescence is added fast in the excessive NaOH solution precipitator that has added oleic acid, it is 10 that pH controls, stirring reaction 12 minutes, then by its precipitate and separate, washing, dry, obtain;
B, Fe
3o
4magnetic powder surface modification: the Fe that steps A is made
3o
4it is in 3% silane coupler solution that powder joins weight percent, carries out ultrasonic dispersion, then stirs, and dry, porphyrize, obtains.
In described steps A, the method for precipitate and separate is, sample is put into large beaker, adds a large amount of distilled water or ethanol, carries out ultrasonic dispersion, then beaker is put into and on magnet, carries out solid-liquid separation.
The preparation method of described silane coupling agent is, first that silane coupling agent is soluble in water, is prepared into 2% solution, and then adds Glacial acetic acid, by its pH modulation 5.5, stirs 5 minutes, obtains.
In described step B, the time of ultrasonic dispersion is 30 minutes, and whipping temp is 80 ℃, and churning time is 30 minutes, and drying temperature is 100 ℃, and be 2 hours time of drying.
Adopt vertical friction wear testing machine to carry out antiwear and antifriction test, test method adopts four-ball test method.
Four-ball test standard is: rotating speed 1450r/min, load 392N, time 30min.Test steel ball used and manufacture according to GB/308-89, GCr15, secondary steel ball, diameter 12.7mm, hardness is 64-66HRC.In test, test oil is injected to the lubricating cup that holds steel ball, make liquid level just not have the surface of steel ball, applying vertical load P is 392N, measures moment of friction, has formula: μ=0.233 * T/P(wherein μ is rubbing factor; T is moment of friction) calculate rubbing factor, once for evaluating rubbing factor μ and the abrasion loss of embodiment of the present invention lubricating oil and 20# standard mechanical oil.
The sample of four-ball test is 20# standard mechanical oil, the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 lubricating oil, before and after test, steel ball and ring piece are fully cleaned, then use the abrasion loss of ten thousand/electronic balance weighing test front and back steel ball, with metaloscope, measure the wear scar diameter of steel ball, and whether with the naked eye directly observe in lubricating oil containing iron powder and greasy filth.
Test-results is as shown in the table:
The abrasion loss analytical table of four groups of tests of table 1
| Grouping | Quality (g) before mill | Quality (g) after mill | Quality abrasion loss (g) | Iron powder or greasy filth content |
| 1# sample | 33.4349 | 33.4322 | 0.0027 | On a small quantity |
| 2# sample | 33.4583 | 33.4582 | 0.0001 | Do not contain |
| 3# sample | 33.3667 | 33.3667 | 0.0000 | Do not contain |
| 4# sample | 33.3439 | 33.4381 | -0.0942 | Do not contain |
Note: 1# sample is 20# standard mechanical oil, and 2#, 3#, 4# are the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 lubricating oil.
1# sample is at 392N as can be seen from Table 1, and 1450 r/min, have obvious abrasion loss under 30min wearing test condition, and contain a small amount of greasy filth.And the wearing test of 2# sample, 3# sample, 4# sample has demonstrated small abrasion loss, nothing wearing and tearing and negative wear phenomenon, and containing iron powder and greasy filth.Therefore, the present invention executes each component additive agent in example 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 lubricating oil and has played good antiwear and antifriction and self-repair function, can also eliminate iron powder and greasy filth, strengthens lubricant effect.
Claims (10)
1. a lubricating oil, is characterized in that comprising the composition of following weight percent:
Detergent-dispersant additive 10-25%, oxidation and corrosion inhibitor 5-15%, extreme pressure anti-wear additives 5-15%, tackifier 10-15%, iron oxygen based magnetofluid 1-3%, base oil surplus.
2. lubricating oil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described detergent-dispersant additive is low alkali value synthesized calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate, high base number linear alkyl benzene calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate, long-chain linear alkyl benzene high base number calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate, high base number synthesizes dialkyl benzene sulfonic acids calcium, long-chain linear alkyl benzene high base number synthesizes sulfonic acid magnesium, SULFURIZED CALCIUM ALKYL PHENATE WITH HIGH BASE NUMBER, polyisobutenyl succimide, boronation polyisobutenyl succimide, high molecular weight polyisobutylene base succimide, a kind of in boronation high molecular weight polyisobutylene base succimide or more than one mixing.
3. lubricating oil as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described oxidation and corrosion inhibitor is a kind of in the two pungent primary alkyl zinc salts of the pungent primary alkyl zinc salt of sulphur phosphorus fourth, sulphur phosphorus, the two pungent primary alkyl zinc salts of alkali formula sulphur phosphorus, the pungent secondary primary alkyl zinc salt of sulphur phosphorus third, sulphur phosphorus brothers alkyl zinc salt or more than one mixing.
4. lubricating oil as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described extreme pressure anti-wear additives is olefine sulfide, phosphoric acid ester or nitride.
5. lubricating oil as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described tackifier are one or more the mixing in polyvinyl n-butyl ether, polymethacrylate, polyacrylic ester, polyisobutene, Atactic Polypropelene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber.
6. lubricating oil as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described iron oxygen based magnetofluid is Fe
3o
4magnetic powder.
7. lubricating oil as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: described Fe
3o
4the preparation method of magnetic powder is:
A, preparation Fe
3o
4magnetic powder: divalent iron salt and ferric salt solution are mixed in 1:2 ~ 1:1 ratio, at room temperature above-mentioned iron salt solutions alkalescence is added in the NaOH solution precipitator of excessive interpolation oleic acid fast, it is 9 ~ 10 that pH controls, stirring reaction 8 ~ 12 minutes, then by its precipitate and separate, washing, dry, obtain;
?b, Fe
3o
4magnetic powder surface modification: the Fe that steps A is made
3o
4it is in 1 ~ 3% silane coupler solution that powder joins weight percent, then carries out ultrasonic dispersion, stirs, and dry, porphyrize, obtains.
8. lubricating oil as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: in described steps A, the method for precipitate and separate is, sample is put into large beaker, adds a large amount of distilled water or ethanol, carries out ultrasonic dispersion, then beaker is put into and on magnet, carries out solid-liquid separation.
9. lubricating oil as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: the preparation method of described silane coupling agent is, first that silane coupling agent is soluble in water, is prepared into 0.5 ~ 2% solution, then adds Glacial acetic acid, by its pH modulation 5.5, stirs 5 minutes, obtains.
10. lubricating oil as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: in described step B, the time of ultrasonic dispersion is 30 minutes, and whipping temp is 80 ℃, and churning time is 30 minutes, and drying temperature is 100 ℃, and be 2 hours time of drying.
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