CN104031722B - A kind of lubricating oil - Google Patents

A kind of lubricating oil Download PDF

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CN104031722B
CN104031722B CN201410218087.XA CN201410218087A CN104031722B CN 104031722 B CN104031722 B CN 104031722B CN 201410218087 A CN201410218087 A CN 201410218087A CN 104031722 B CN104031722 B CN 104031722B
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lubricating oil
oil
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CN104031722A (en
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丘寿勇
吕王华
丘濠玮
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Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of lubricating oil, comprises the composition of following weight percent: detergent-dispersant additive 10-25%, oxidation and corrosion inhibitor 5-15%, extreme pressure anti-wear additives 5-15%, tackifier 10-15%, iron oxygen based magnetofluid 1-3%, base oil surplus.Lubricating oil additive of the present invention can improve the antiwear and friction reduction property of lubricating oil greatly, strengthen thermostability, the iron powder that crankshaft-and-connecting-rod watt can also be made to produce in work and mud oil become nano level ball, thus reduce the friction of machine, reduce oil temperature, extend lubricating oil and service life of a machine.

Description

A kind of lubricating oil
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lubricating oil.
Background technology
Frictional wear is ubiquitous spontaneous phenomenon, and lubricating oil reduces friction reduce and resist one of the most effective approach of wearing and tearing, and carry out in-situ immobilization at the volley to wear surface is the target that greaser author constantly pursues always.Lubricating oil is generally made up of base oil and additive two portions, and base oil is lubrication main body of oil, and decide the essential property of lubricating oil, additive then can make up and improve some performance of base oil.Lubricating oil is by its source point animal and vegetable oil, petroleum oil and ucon oil three major types.The consumption of petroleum oil accounts for total consumption more than 97%, and therefore lubricating oil often refers to petroleum oil.Be mainly used in reducing the friction between moving parts surface, machinery equipment had to cooling, sealing, anticorrosion, antirust, insulation, power transmission, clean the effects such as impurity simultaneously, mainly with from the lubricating oil distillate of crude unit and residue oil fraction for raw material.The topmost performance of lubricating oil is viscosity, oxidation stability and oilness, and the composition of they and lubricating oil distillate is closely related.Viscosity is the important quality index of reflection lubricating oil flow, different working conditionss has different viscosity requirement, the machinery of heavy loading and lower velocity will select thick oil, oxidation stability represents that oil product is in environment for use, due to the resistance of oxidation that oxygen in temperature, air and metal catalytic effect show.After oil oxidation, can generate tiny bituminous matter according to working conditions is main carbon shape material, the paint-like material in viscous or paint film, or the hydrous matter of viscosity, thus reduces or lose its use properties.Oilness represents the Wear vesistance of lubricating oil.Lubricating oil additive concept is one or more compounds added in lubricant, obtains certain new characteristic or improve more existing characteristics in lubricant to make lubricant.Additive divides by function types such as mainly containing antioxidant, anti-wear agent, friction modifier (having another name called oiliness improver), extreme-pressure additive, purification agent, dispersion agent, froth suppressor, corrosion prevention rust preventer, flow point activator, viscosity index improver.The additive sold in market is all generally the combination product of above each single additive, and difference is exactly the composition difference of single additive and the ratio difference of the inner several single additive of composite additive.
The overwhelming majority of investigation and application is organic additive both at home and abroad at present, and little to the research of inorganic additives, and it applies phoenix feathers and unicorn horns especially.Along with the deep development studied in lubricating oil field, people find that a lot of inorganic additives shows good performance gradually, some is even obviously better than organic additive, but, because inorganic additives is insoluble or be insoluble in oil, also difficulty is stably dispersed in lubricating oil, and its application have received restriction.In the last few years, Chinese scholars, in the process of seeking anti wear and friction reducing additives, found that some nanoparticle all significantly can improve the tribological property of lubricating oil by friction self-repair function, reached the object of antiwear and antifriction.Therefore, nano particle has been become the emphasis of tribological field research in recent years as the research that slip additive is applied in lubricating oil.
In production work, the crankshaft-and-connecting-rod watt iron powder produced and mud oil, usually can affect the running of apparatus; of a specified duration even accelerates the aging of apparatus; lubricating oil additive of the prior art, antiwear and friction reduction property, thermostability are not also fine, and effectively can not solve iron powder and mud oil problem.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above-mentioned problems of the prior art, a kind of new lubricant is provided, it can improve the antiwear and friction reduction property of lubricating oil greatly, strengthen thermostability, the iron powder that crankshaft-and-connecting-rod watt can also be made to produce in work and greasy filth become nano level ball, thus reduce the friction of machine, reduce oil temperature, extend lubricating oil and service life of a machine.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of lubricating oil, comprises the composition of following weight percent:
Detergent-dispersant additive 10-25%, oxidation and corrosion inhibitor 5-15%, extreme pressure anti-wear additives 5-15%, tackifier 10-15%, iron oxygen based magnetofluid 1-3%, base oil surplus.
Described detergent-dispersant additive is low alkali value synthesized calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate, high base number linear alkyl benzene calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate, long-chain linear alkyl benzene high base number calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate, high base number synthesis dialkyl benzene sulfonic acids calcium, long-chain linear alkyl benzene high base number synthesis sulfonic acid magnesium, SULFURIZED CALCIUM ALKYL PHENATE WITH HIGH BASE NUMBER, polyisobutylene succinamide, boronation polyisobutylene succinamide, high molecular weight polyisobutylene base succimide, the mixing of the one or more than one in boronation high molecular weight polyisobutylene base succimide.
Described oxidation and corrosion inhibitor is the mixing of the one or more than one in sulphur phosphorus fourth pungent primary alkyl zinc salt, the two pungent primary alkyl zinc salt of sulphur phosphorus, the two pungent primary alkyl zinc salt of alkali formula sulphur phosphorus, the pungent secondary primary alkyl zinc salt of sulphur phosphorus third, sulphur phosphorus brothers alkyl zinc salt.
Described extreme pressure anti-wear additives is olefine sulfide, phosphoric acid ester or nitride.
Described tackifier are one or more the mixing in polyvinyl n-butyl ether, polymethacrylate, polyacrylic ester, polyisobutene, Atactic Polypropelene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber.
Described iron oxygen based magnetofluid is Fe 3o 4magnetic powder.
Described Fe 3o 4the preparation method of magnetic powder is:
A, preparation Fe 3o 4magnetic powder: divalent iron salt and ferric salt solution are mixed in 1:2 ~ 1:1 ratio, at room temperature above-mentioned iron salt solutions alkalescence is added fast and excessively added in the NaOH solution precipitation agent of oleic acid, it is 9 ~ 10 that pH controls, stirring reaction 8 ~ 12 minutes, then by its precipitate and separate, washing, drying, to obtain final product;
B, Fe 3o 4magnetic powder surface modification: the Fe obtained by steps A 3o 4it is in 1 ~ 3% silane coupler solution that powder joins weight percent, carries out ultrasonic disperse, then stirs, and dry, porphyrize, to obtain final product.
In described steps A, the method for precipitate and separate is, sample is put into large beaker, adds a large amount of distilled water or ethanol, carries out ultrasonic disperse, is then put into by beaker on magnet and carries out solid-liquid separation.
The preparation method of described silane coupling agent is, first that silane coupling agent is soluble in water, is prepared into the solution of 0.5 ~ 2%, and then adds Glacial acetic acid, its pH is modulated 5.5, stirs 5 minutes, to obtain final product.
In described step B, the time of ultrasonic disperse is 30 minutes, and whipping temp is 80 DEG C, and churning time is 30 minutes, and drying temperature is 100 DEG C, and time of drying is 2 hours.
Detergent-dispersant additive, that one has surface-active material, solid grain contamination in its energy adsorbed oil, low temperature greasy filth is scattered in oil, and make pollutent be suspended in the surface of oil, to be filtered in lubrication oil circulation, guarantee that the oil participating in greasing cycle is peace and quiet, to reduce the formation of high temperature and paint film.It also has washing, the function such as anti-oxidant and anticorrosion simultaneously.The consumption of detergent-dispersant additive of the present invention is also strict control, say in a certain sense, the height of quality of lubrication oil, the key distinction in the performance of opposing high and low temperature settling and varnish formation, in the performance alternatively showing detergent-dispersant additive in lubricating oil and add-on.
Use oxidation and corrosion inhibitor, because lubricating oil in use will contact with air, various mechanical means also can produce heat, friction spot temperature in running is raised, in addition, the various metal materials in equipment, as copper, iron etc. all can play the deterioration by oxidation that oil product is accelerated in katalysis, be finally that lubricating oil viscosity increases, generate acidic substance corroding metals material, also can generate various charcoal shape or pitch shape sedimentable matter as blocking pipelines such as paint films.All these changes all normally run the continuation use of oil product and equipment and bring disadvantageous effect; therefore require that oil product has good antioxygen and anti-corruption effect; antioxygen and anticorrosion additive is added in oil product; the oxidation of oil product can be suppressed; passive metal thus suppress it to the katalysis of oxidation, plays and extends oil product and use and protect the object of machine.
Extreme pressure anti-wear additives can under low speed high load or high speed impact load friction condition, on surface of friction and metal react with, generates shearing force and all low than the virgin metal compound of fusing point, forms extreme pressure solid lubricant film, prevent sintering.Tackifier, also known as thickening material, can increase the viscosity of oil product, and can improve the viscosity temperature characteristic of oil product.
Nanometer Fe 3o 4magnetic powder has the characteristics such as specific surface area is large, diffustivity good, easy-sintering, fusing point are low, therefore with nanometer Fe 3o 4magnetic powder is that new lubricant prepared by additive is applied in friction system, antiwear and antifriction effect is played with the mode of action being different from conventional additive, this new lubricant not only can form at friction surface the film that one deck easily shears, reduce frictional coefficient, and filling up and repairing to a certain degree can be carried out to friction surface, play self-repair function.Nanoparticle because of granularity little, surfactivity is high and easier engaging friction is surperficial, friction surface can be well separated, repair is played at cut or the microcomputer place that directly can also be adsorbed onto part, improve antiwear and antifriction effect, because nanoparticle is dispersed in oil with the form of similar colloid, can sliding surface be deposited on when oil leak, in case of emergency play lubrication.
The nanometer Fe that the present invention uses 3o 4magnetic powder, its anti-wear and friction-reducing mechanism realizes mainly through following three approach:
1. by similar " micro-bearing " effect, reducing friction resistance, reduces frictional coefficient;
2., under friction condition, nanoparticle forms a smooth protection layer at surface of friction pair;
3. fill micro-hole and the damage location of surface of friction pair, play repair.
Visible, nanoparticle is the new additive agent of a kind of high temperature resistant, high-performance, the dynamic selfreparing of free of contamination original position as slip additive.
In order to improve lubricity further, life cycle and supporting capacity, preferably add rust-preventive agent, pour point depressant, non-emulsifying agent, defoamer etc. in component.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) the present invention is using Fe3O4-magnetic nanoparticle as a kind of magnetic Nano lubricating oil additive, there is good lubricity, this lubricating oil containing magnetic-particle has magnetic and mobility under non-uniform magnetic-field effect, not only can be full of lubricated surface exactly and realize continuous lubrication, and in greasing, the effect of gravity and centripetal force can be offset, not easily leak again and prevent outside contamination.And its laminated structure itself has self-lubricating function, modifiedly can be dispersed in base oil uniformly and stably, can place for a long time and not precipitate.
(2) lubricating oil of the present invention is arranged in pairs or groups by multiple additives common combination; substantially improve the performance of lubricating oil each side; increase lubricating oil stability; strengthen lubricant effect; extend the work-ing life of lubricating oil, this lubricating oil can be widely used in power lubrication, well can protect machinery; and energy-saving consumption-reducing, be therefore with a wide range of applications.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further detailed explanation, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
Lubricating oil of the present invention, comprises the composition of following weight percent:
Detergent-dispersant additive 10%, oxidation and corrosion inhibitor 5%, extreme pressure anti-wear additives 5%, tackifier 10%, iron oxygen based magnetofluid 1%, base oil 69%.
Described detergent-dispersant additive is low alkali value synthesized calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate.
Described oxidation and corrosion inhibitor is the pungent primary alkyl zinc salt of sulphur phosphorus fourth.
Described extreme pressure anti-wear additives is olefine sulfide.
Described tackifier are polyvinyl n-butyl ether.
Described iron oxygen based magnetofluid is Fe 3o 4magnetic powder.
Described Fe 3o 4the preparation process of magnetic powder is:
A, preparation Fe 3o 4magnetic powder: divalent iron salt and ferric salt solution are mixed in 1:2 ratio, at room temperature above-mentioned iron salt solutions alkalescence added fast and excessively added in the NaOH solution precipitation agent of oleic acid, it is 9 that pH controls, stirring reaction 8 minutes, then by its precipitate and separate, washing, drying, to obtain final product;
B, Fe 3o 4magnetic powder surface modification: the Fe obtained by steps A 3o 4it is in 1% silane coupler solution that powder joins weight percent, carries out ultrasonic disperse, then stirs, and dry, porphyrize, to obtain final product.
In described steps A, the method for precipitate and separate is, sample is put into large beaker, adds a large amount of distilled water or ethanol, carries out ultrasonic disperse, is then put into by beaker on magnet and carries out solid-liquid separation.
The preparation method of described silane coupling agent is, first that silane coupling agent is soluble in water, is prepared into the solution of 0.5%, and then adds Glacial acetic acid, its pH is modulated 5.5, stirs 5 minutes, to obtain final product.
In described step B, the time of ultrasonic disperse is 30 minutes, and whipping temp is 80 DEG C, and churning time is 30 minutes, and drying temperature is 100 DEG C, and time of drying is 2 hours.
Embodiment 2
Lubricating oil of the present invention, comprises the composition of following weight percent:
Detergent-dispersant additive 18%, oxidation and corrosion inhibitor 10%, extreme pressure anti-wear additives 10%, tackifier 13%, iron oxygen based magnetofluid 2%, base oil 47%.
Described detergent-dispersant additive is high base number linear alkyl benzene calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate.
Described oxidation and corrosion inhibitor is the two pungent primary alkyl zinc salt of sulphur phosphorus.
Described extreme pressure anti-wear additives is phosphoric acid ester.
Described tackifier are polymethacrylate.
Described iron oxygen based magnetofluid is Fe 3o 4magnetic powder.
Described Fe 3o 4the preparation process of magnetic powder is:
A, preparation Fe 3o 4magnetic powder: divalent iron salt and ferric salt solution are mixed in 1:1.5 ratio, at room temperature above-mentioned iron salt solutions alkalescence added fast and excessively added in the NaOH solution precipitation agent of oleic acid, it is 9.5 that pH controls, stirring reaction 10 minutes, then by its precipitate and separate, washing, drying, to obtain final product;
B, Fe 3o 4magnetic powder surface modification: the Fe obtained by steps A 3o 4it is in 2% silane coupler solution that powder joins weight percent, carries out ultrasonic disperse, then stirs, and dry, porphyrize, to obtain final product.
In described steps A, the method for precipitate and separate is, sample is put into large beaker, adds a large amount of distilled water or ethanol, carries out ultrasonic disperse, is then put into by beaker on magnet and carries out solid-liquid separation.
The preparation method of described silane coupling agent is, first that silane coupling agent is soluble in water, is prepared into the solution of 1%, and then adds Glacial acetic acid, its pH is modulated 5.5, stirs 5 minutes, to obtain final product.
In described step B, the time of ultrasonic disperse is 30 minutes, and whipping temp is 80 DEG C, and churning time is 30 minutes, and drying temperature is 100 DEG C, and time of drying is 2 hours.
Embodiment 3
Lubricating oil of the present invention, comprises the composition of following weight percent:
Detergent-dispersant additive 25%, oxidation and corrosion inhibitor 15%, extreme pressure anti-wear additives 15%, tackifier 15%, iron oxygen based magnetofluid 3%, base oil 27%.
Described detergent-dispersant additive is long-chain linear alkyl benzene high base number calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate.
Described oxidation and corrosion inhibitor is the two pungent primary alkyl zinc salt of alkali formula sulphur phosphorus.
Described extreme pressure anti-wear additives is nitride.
Described tackifier are polyacrylic ester.
Described iron oxygen based magnetofluid is Fe 3o 4magnetic powder.
Described Fe 3o 4the preparation process of magnetic powder is:
A, preparation Fe 3o 4magnetic powder: divalent iron salt and ferric salt solution are mixed in 1:2 ~ 1:1 ratio, at room temperature above-mentioned iron salt solutions alkalescence is added fast and excessively added in the NaOH solution precipitation agent of oleic acid, it is 10 that pH controls, stirring reaction 12 minutes, then by its precipitate and separate, washing, drying, to obtain final product;
B, Fe 3o 4magnetic powder surface modification: the Fe obtained by steps A 3o 4it is in 3% silane coupler solution that powder joins weight percent, carries out ultrasonic disperse, then stirs, and dry, porphyrize, to obtain final product.
In described steps A, the method for precipitate and separate is, sample is put into large beaker, adds a large amount of distilled water or ethanol, carries out ultrasonic disperse, is then put into by beaker on magnet and carries out solid-liquid separation.
The preparation method of described silane coupling agent is, first that silane coupling agent is soluble in water, is prepared into the solution of 2%, and then adds Glacial acetic acid, its pH is modulated 5.5, stirs 5 minutes, to obtain final product.
In described step B, the time of ultrasonic disperse is 30 minutes, and whipping temp is 80 DEG C, and churning time is 30 minutes, and drying temperature is 100 DEG C, and time of drying is 2 hours.
Adopt vertical friction wear testing machine to carry out antiwear and antifriction test, test method adopts four-ball test method.
Four-ball test standard is: rotating speed 1450r/min, load 392N, time 30min.Test steel ball used to manufacture according to GB/308-89, GCr15, secondary steel ball, diameter 12.7mm, hardness is 64-66HRC.In test, test oil is injected the lubricating cup holding steel ball, make liquid level just not have the surface of steel ball, applying vertical load P is 392N, measures moment of friction, has formula: μ=0.233 × T/P(wherein μ is rubbing factor; T is moment of friction) calculate rubbing factor, once for evaluating rubbing factor μ and the abrasion loss of embodiment of the present invention lubricating oil and 20# standard mechanical oil.
The sample of four-ball test is 20# standard mechanical oil, the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 lubricating oil, before and after test, steel ball and ring block are fully cleaned, then ten thousand/electronic balance weighing is used to test the abrasion loss of front and back steel ball, measure the wear scar diameter of steel ball with metaloscope, and whether with the naked eye directly observe in lubricating oil containing iron powder and greasy filth.
Test-results is as shown in the table:
The abrasion loss analytical table of four groups, table 1 test
Grouping Quality (g) before mill Quality (g) after mill Mass Loss (g) Iron powder or greasy filth content
1# sample 33.4349 33.4322 0.0027 On a small quantity
2# sample 33.4583 33.4582 0.0001 Do not contain
3# sample 33.3667 33.3667 0.0000 Do not contain
4# sample 33.3439 33.4381 -0.0942 Do not contain
Note: 1# sample is 20# standard mechanical oil, and 2#, 3#, 4# are the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 lubricating oil.
1# sample has obvious abrasion loss under 392N, 1450r/min, 30min wearing test condition as can be seen from Table 1, and containing a small amount of greasy filth.And the wearing test of 2# sample, 3# sample, 4# sample shows small abrasion loss, nothing wearing and tearing and negative wear phenomenon, and not containing iron powder and greasy filth.Therefore, the present invention executes each component additive agent in example 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 lubricating oil and serves good antiwear and antifriction and self-repair function, can also eliminate iron powder and greasy filth, strengthens lubricant effect.

Claims (8)

1. a lubricating oil, is characterized in that the composition comprising following weight percent:
Detergent-dispersant additive 10-25%, oxidation and corrosion inhibitor 5-15%, extreme pressure anti-wear additives 5-15%, tackifier 10-15%, iron oxygen based magnetofluid 1-3%, base oil surplus;
Described iron oxygen based magnetofluid is Fe 3o 4magnetic powder;
Described Fe 3o 4the preparation method of magnetic powder is:
A, preparation Fe 3o 4magnetic powder: divalent iron salt and ferric salt solution are mixed in 1:2 ~ 1:1 ratio, at room temperature above-mentioned iron salt solutions alkalescence is added in the NaOH solution precipitation agent of excessive interpolation oleic acid fast, it is 9 ~ 10 that pH controls, stirring reaction 8 ~ 12 minutes, then by its precipitate and separate, washing, drying, to obtain final product;
B, Fe 3o 4magnetic powder surface modification: the Fe obtained by steps A 3o 4it is in 1 ~ 3% silane coupler solution that powder joins weight percent, then carries out ultrasonic disperse, stirs, and dry, porphyrize, to obtain final product.
2. lubricating oil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described detergent-dispersant additive is low alkali value synthesized calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate, high base number linear alkyl benzene calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate, long-chain linear alkyl benzene high base number calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate, high base number synthesis dialkyl benzene sulfonic acids calcium, long-chain linear alkyl benzene high base number synthesis sulfonic acid magnesium, SULFURIZED CALCIUM ALKYL PHENATE WITH HIGH BASE NUMBER, polyisobutylene succinamide, boronation polyisobutylene succinamide, high molecular weight polyisobutylene base succimide, the mixing of the one or more than one in boronation high molecular weight polyisobutylene base succimide.
3. lubricating oil as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described oxidation and corrosion inhibitor is the mixing of the one or more than one in sulphur phosphorus fourth pungent primary alkyl zinc salt, the two pungent primary alkyl zinc salt of sulphur phosphorus, the two pungent primary alkyl zinc salt of alkali formula sulphur phosphorus, the pungent secondary primary alkyl zinc salt of sulphur phosphorus third, sulphur phosphorus brothers alkyl zinc salt.
4. lubricating oil as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described extreme pressure anti-wear additives is olefine sulfide, phosphoric acid ester or nitride.
5. lubricating oil as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described tackifier are one or more the mixing in polyvinyl n-butyl ether, polymethacrylate, polyacrylic ester, polyisobutene, Atactic Polypropelene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber.
6. lubricating oil as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described steps A, the method for precipitate and separate is, sample is put into large beaker, adds a large amount of distilled water or ethanol, carries out ultrasonic disperse, is then put into by beaker on magnet and carries out solid-liquid separation.
7. lubricating oil as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the preparation method of described silane coupling agent is, first that silane coupling agent is soluble in water, is prepared into the solution of 0.5 ~ 2%, then adds Glacial acetic acid, its pH is modulated 5.5, stirs 5 minutes, to obtain final product.
8. lubricating oil as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step B, the time of ultrasonic disperse is 30 minutes, and whipping temp is 80 DEG C, and churning time is 30 minutes, and drying temperature is 100 DEG C, and time of drying is 2 hours.
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