CN104029592B - 用于机动车的机电车轮驱动系统 - Google Patents

用于机动车的机电车轮驱动系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104029592B
CN104029592B CN201410080804.7A CN201410080804A CN104029592B CN 104029592 B CN104029592 B CN 104029592B CN 201410080804 A CN201410080804 A CN 201410080804A CN 104029592 B CN104029592 B CN 104029592B
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wheel drive
motor
drive system
wheel
drive shaft
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CN104029592A (zh
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米夏埃尔·梅茨
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的机电车轮驱动系统。根据本发明的车轮驱动系统包括输入轴、车轮驱动轴、用于将输入轴与车轮驱动轴有选择地联接的切换装置、第一电机、第二电机，其中，第一电机具有第一动子，用于将第一车轮驱动份额暂时引入车轮驱动轴中，第二电机具有第二动子，用于将第二车轮驱动份额暂时同样引入车轮驱动轴中。根据本发明，切换装置以如下方式构造，即，切换装置的切换状态能根据在第一电机的动子与第二电机的动子之间的相对转动来调整。

Description

用于机动车的机电车轮驱动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的机电式车轮驱动系统，其用作在低速范围内暂时电动地驱动构造有主驱动装置，例如内燃机的机动车。
发明内容
本发明的任务是提供一种开头提到类型的机电车轮驱动系统，其特征在于具有很高的功能可靠性和有利的机械运行性能。
根据本发明，前面提到的任务通过用于机动车的车轮驱动系统来解决，该车轮驱动系统具有：
-输入轴，
-车轮驱动轴，
-有选择地联接输入轴与车轮驱动轴的切换装置，
-第一电机，其具有第一动子用于将第一车轮驱动份额暂时引入车轮驱动轴中，和
-第二电机，其具有第二动子，用于将第二车轮驱动份额暂时同样引入车轮驱动轴中，
-其中，切换装置以如下方式构造，即，切换装置的切换状态能根据在第一电机的动子与第二电机的动子之间的相对转动来调整。
由此，以有利的方式可能的是，为了实现电的车轮驱动，通过两个在运动学上并联的电动机来产生所需的扭矩，并且通过两个周转的转子之间的可在控制技术上有利地进行主动调整的转动角度差来操作联接环节，该联接环节能够实现有选择地分开或闭合包括输入轴和车轮驱动轴的车轮驱动系。本发明在机动车中得到应用并且尤其是针对低速范围能够实现电的额外驱动。在以电方式行驶期间，由内燃机驱动的驱动系通过联接环节在相对靠近车轮处被脱开。通过这种设计方案，在电动驱动的阶段期间，在此产生的系统摩擦损耗相对于传统的车轮驱动系被倒拖的设计方案减少。
两个电机优选绕车轮驱动系的输入轴同中心地布置。两个电机在此可以径向相互嵌套，或者作为对此的替选也可以轴向布置成列。两个电机优选构造为所谓的旋转磁场电机（Drehfeldmotor），其转子无滑差地跟随定子侧产生的旋转磁场。转子在此可以装备有永磁体。但作为替选，根据本发明的设计方案也可以实施有与此不同的电动机结构形式。
根据本发明的特别的方面，两个电机以如下方式设计，即，这两个电机在相应的操控中可以提供大致相同的功率份额。优选地，两个电机以如下方式构建，即，它们的定子紧固在壳体侧。
驱动装置可以根据特别优选的实施形式以如下方式构造，即，该驱动装置的壳体位于输入轴和与该输入轴同轴线的车轮驱动轴上，并且得到在相邻部件，例如相邻的传动装置，或车身或车轮支架上的扭矩支撑。该扭矩支撑尤其可以通过杠杆元件或臂元件来实现，它们以如下方式与车轮悬挂装置或车身铰接地联接，即，驱动装置的壳体除了扭矩支撑以外还获得了足够的运动自由度。相应的铰接部位尤其可以包括球窝关节或弹性关节卡套（Gelenkbuchse）。壳体自身优选制造为优选由铝材料组成的轻型构件，从而驱动装置自身得到尽可能小的自重。
根据本发明的另一方面，驱动装置可以用如下方式构建，即，第一电机的转子支承在壳体中，尤其是第一定子中。于是，第二转子优选支承在第一转子中。因为两个转子在正常运行中最终同步地运转，并且由此相应的支承装置仅须承受在调整过程中在转子之间出现的相对转速，所以该方式导致轴承负载显著减少。
已经提到的设置用于联接两个电机的功率份额的相加传动装置（Summiergetriebe）优选实施为行星传动装置，以便联接两个转子。在此例如，第一电动机的转子可以驱动相加传动装置的太阳轮，而第二电机的转子可以驱动相加传动装置的齿圈。
驱动装置可以根据本发明特别优选的实施形式以如下方式构造，即，相加传动装置的行星架与接下来的变速传动装置的功率输入端联接。变速传动装置在此可以实施为周转齿轮传动装置。作为对此的替选也可使用其他优选高传动比的传动装置（例如谐波齿轮传动装置（Harmonic Drive Getriebe）或者另外的偏心传动装置“Intermeshing Planetary Gears”）。
根据本发明的驱动装置在运动学上到机动车驱动系统中的集成优选以如下方式实现，即，切换装置的联接元件将变速传动装置的输出端有选择地与驱动系联接，并且同时导致驱动系的分开或闭合。由此，联接元件不仅用于将电驱动系统与车轮侧的驱动系区段有选择地连接或脱开，而且还用于将主驱动系分开。
根据本发明的驱动装置可以用如下方式设计，即，电机可以有选择地与驱动轴或车轮联接。联接元件在此优选可以被带到如下三个在功能上不同的切换位置中：1.将输入轴与车轮驱动轴联接，其中，电驱动装置脱开，2.将输入轴与车轮驱动轴联接，并且将电驱动装置与车轮驱动轴联接，3.将电机与车轮驱动轴联接，其中，输入轴脱开。
根据本发明的特别优选的实施形式，联接元件实施为滑动套筒。作为对此的替选也可以将联接元件制造成爪式离合器的一部分。在将联接元件实施为滑动套筒的实施方案下，该滑动套筒可以用如下方式构造，即，滑动套筒上的啮合部轴向上通过周边槽分段。由此可以提供如下机构，在该机构中，缩短了用于达到各切换位置所需的移动行程。
像已经实施的那样，对联接元件的操作通过引起两个电机的转子之间的转动角度差来实现。操作机构在此可以在结构上以如下方式实施，即，相加传动装置的行星轮具有丝杆，调整环节可通过该丝杆轴向移动。根据两个电机的两个转子之间的转动角度差，调整环节被轴向移动。于是，调整环节操作联接元件，并且将该联接元件带到期望的作用位置中。
根据本发明的驱动单元可以安装在前桥或后桥上。机动车的主驱动装置由内燃机实现。此外，根据本发明的驱动装置也可以位于不通过主驱动系驱动的车桥上，并且由此形成用于否则不被驱动的车轮的额外驱动。于是，通过根据本发明的机构可以有选择地将电机接通，或者将其与配属的车轮脱开。
通过根据本发明的驱动装置，根据本发明的另一方面可以提供一种“全轮驱动机动车”，其中，在低速范围内暂时驱动所有车桥。于是，一个车桥（例如前桥）的驱动通过例如由内燃机驱动的主驱动系实现，而其他车桥的驱动通过根据本发明的、可有选择地脱开的机电驱动装置来实现。机电驱动装置优选在达到特定的速度，或者例如在换出第一挡位时被解除激活和被脱开。
此外，切换装置可以以如下方式构建，即，在进入滑行运行时，或者在达到特定的滑行力矩时，该切换装置自动打开，并且在此将电动驱动与车轮驱动系分离。这可以通过以如下方式构造联接装置来达到，即，该联接装置也提供过载离合装置的功能。在另一实施形式中，在滑行运行中取消自动打开，而取而代之的是电机在能量回收模式下运行。
联接装置的联接元件的定位优选通过锁定机构或锁扣机构以如下方式来辅助，即，使得调整出的切换位置被精确地维持，并直到克服最小调整力后才发生改变。通过该设计方案可以避免意外的切换状态改变。
联接环节的接入可以在以信号技术监控待联接的驱动系区段的相对转速的情况下进行，从而当或者仅当达到足够的同步性时，才允许接入。通过相应地操控电机也可引起同步状态，该同步状态能够实现基本上无负载的切换状态转换。
电机单元原则上可以装在前桥或后桥上。本发明也并不局限于由内燃机驱动的车桥，而是也可以装在未被驱动的车桥上。针对该情况，在电动运行中取消驱动系的脱开。该单元也不再必须布置在输入轴周围，而是取而代之地装入。
根据本发明的设计方案关键在于如下机电驱动单元，其中，两个可单独操控的电机容纳在该机电驱动单元的壳体中，其中，可以通过引起两个电机的转子的转动角度差来操作联接机构。该联接机构可以用如下方式设计，即，该联接机构实现了主驱动系的有选择的分开以及电机单元到车轮侧的驱动系区段上的联接。联接机构也可以用如下方式设计，即，该联接机构仅导致电机单元与通向车轮的车轮驱动轴的有选择的联接或脱开。该特殊方式能够实现在具有通过内燃机驱动的车桥的车辆中“以纯电方式”驱动其他车桥，其中，这种电驱动可以通过操控其驱动电机来联接或脱开。
根据本发明的驱动装置优选以如下方式构造，即，该驱动装置以如下方式可摆动地集成到车辆中，该驱动装置可以跟随车轮驱动轴的摆动运动，并且仅得到用于施加驱动力矩所需的扭矩支撑。
根据本发明的驱动装置尤其是在具有由后桥差速器驱动的后桥的车辆中在运动学上也可以位于该后桥差速器与车辆传动装置之间。于是，根据本发明的驱动装置也能够实现将主驱动系分开，但此外也将后桥差速器用于功率分流。于是，两个后轮的电驱动仅需要一个根据本发明的驱动单元。
在其他情况下，根据本发明的驱动设计方案也可以通过如下方式使用在后桥驱动的车辆中，即，在功率流中，在位于后桥差速器后的区域中构建有两个根据本发明的驱动单元，这些驱动单元本身能够实现有选择地分开位于差速器与两个车轮之间的车桥系统，并且于是同样能够实现分别将驱动力矩以电方式导入各车轮驱动轴中。
附图说明
本发明其他的细节和特征由下面的描述结合附图得出。其中：
图1示出用于阐述根据本发明的具有能通过转子对的相对转动来操控的轴联接装置的驱动装置的第一实施方式的结构的示意图；
图2示出用于阐述根据本发明的同样具有能通过转子对的相对转动来操控的轴联接装置的驱动装置的第二实施方式的结构的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据本发明的用于机动车的机电驱动装置。在输入轴12a周围，两个电机EM1、EM2同轴地布置。电机EM1、EM2在此可以要么径向相互嵌套，要么轴向布置成列。两个电机EM1、EM2的定子1、2相对壳体固定地安装。壳体9又抗扭转地要么支撑在车身上，要么支撑在车轮支架上。两个转子3、4优选通过行星传动装置G1以如下方式联接，即，转子3驱动太阳轮21，而转子4驱动齿圈22。丝杆S1优选装在行星轮5上，通过该丝杆来操作调整环节6。行星传动装置G1用作相加传动装置。相加传动装置的行星架7用作接下来的传动装置G2的输入端。通过传动装置G2来传动电机EM1、EM2的相对较低的总力矩，从而在输出端上存在车轮驱动所需的扭矩。在传动装置G2的输出端上有离合结构10，离合元件11能够通过调整环节6从该离合结构脱离或接入该离合结构并进而能够取消或建立与车轮的连接。
电机单元的壳体9在此通过轴承L1、L2支承在输入轴12a或车轮驱动轴12b上并与此相应地跟随这些驱动轴12a、12b的运动。电驱动系统的质量基于该布置方式必须不仅支撑在车身上而且也支撑在车轮支架上。也就是说，并不是电机单元的所有质量都作为非簧载质量作用到车轮上，而是依赖于选定的重心位置仅有一部分作用到车轮上。由电机EM1、EM2给出到驱动轴上的扭矩经由壳体9来支撑。为此，力矩要么支撑在车身侧（例如传动装置上），要么支撑在车轮支架上。这种支撑不应限制驱动轴12a、12b基于悬架压缩和转向运动的运动。
第一电机EM1的转子3通过轴承L3、L4支承在第二电机EM2的同样相对壳体固定的定子2上。第二转子4通过轴承L5、L6适宜地支承在第一转子3上。该结构提供如下优点，即，对支承装置的要求被最小化。因为仅在调整环节6运动期间发生两个转子3、4之间的相对运动，所以这些轴承仅以很小的转速差且仅不经常地受负载。
用于两个电机EM1、EM2的相加传动装置G1优选是周转传动装置，其中，两个转子3、4驱动太阳轮21或齿圈22。经由行星轮5或行星架7来进行到接着的变速传动装置G2上的输出。作为变速传动装置G2优选使用多级的行星传动装置，但其他结构形式的变速传动装置也是可行的。
相加传动装置G1还具有其他功能。其承担驱动调整环节6的任务，该调整环节操作离合元件11。丝杆S1通过行星轮5来驱动。在调整环节6的包绕驱动轴12的环形区段6a中构造有用于各个丝杆S1的丝杆螺母螺纹。通过该布置方式，环形区段最终像如下行星架那样起作用，该行星架仅能与该环形区段一起旋转，但是可通过丝杆S1/行星轮5绕它们自己的轴线XP的旋转而轴向移动。调整环节6的环形区段6a通过轴承13与联接元件11连接，从而该调整环节可操作该联接元件，也就是说使该联接元件轴向移位。在两个电机EM1、EM2的相同转速下，调整环节6仅绕驱动轴线X旋转。不进行轴向运动。但如果存在转速差，那么行星轮5绕其转动轴线XP旋转。该转动导致调整环节6的轴向运动及进而对联接元件11的操作。轴向运动在此与绕驱动轴线X的转动运动同时进行。可能的是，在相反的转动方向上操控两个电机EM1、EM2，并且由此仅得到轴向运动，而没有旋转，因此也没有输出转速。
离合结构10位于变速传动装置G2的输出端上。该离合结构10的任务是将存在于传动装置G2的输出端上的扭矩传递到在此实施为滑动套筒的联接元件11上并进而传递到驱动轴12b或车轮上。为此，离合元件11优选以如下方式实施，即，该离合元件可以具有三个切换位置。在切换位置1中电机是脱开的。驱动轴12a和车轮驱动轴12b通过滑动套筒11联接。如果滑动套筒11通过调整环节6向右运动一步（切换位置2），那么保持驱动轴12a、12b的联接状态，并且附加地变速传动装置G2被联接。在切换位置3（滑动套筒在最右边）中，电动驱动装置保持联接到车轮驱动轴12b上，但是输入轴12a被脱开。基于该措施可实现以纯电方式的运行，其中，车辆驱动系的不需要的区段是脱开的。由此，倒拖损失被显著减少。
在所描述的优选实施方式中不存在零位置，在该零位置中，内燃机驱动的动力驱动系还有电机驱动的驱动系都没有与车轮驱动轴12b联接。在切换位置2中，为了无中断的力矩传递，内燃机和电机都是联接着的。在另一实施方案中，也可以使切换位置2成为零位置，并且在此，内燃机和电机都不与车轮驱动轴联接。
图2示出根据本发明的驱动装置的另一变型方案。在该变型方案中，关于两个电机仅示出了它们的转子3、4。该简图在左侧以相加传动装置G1开始。代替在根据图1的变型方案中设置的行星传动装置描绘出谐波齿轮传动装置作为变速传动装置G2。在此，相加传动装置G1的行星架16在外直径上是椭圆的，从而该行星架同时用作谐波齿轮传动装置G2的输入元件。可变形的钢套7a（“柔轮套”，Flexspline-Buchse）形成变速传动装置G2的输出端，并且在另一端部上具有内啮合部17。该内啮合部17由周边槽17a中断开，并且啮合到滑动套筒18上的外啮合部18a中。滑动套筒18形成联接元件并且像在变型方案中那样由调整环节6通过轴承L7来操作。其他啮合部18b、18c位于滑动套筒18的内直径上，变速传动装置G2的输出力矩通过这些啮合部传递到驱动轴12a或车轮驱动轴12b上。该啮合部在周边上也具有槽18d。这种开槽能够实现在滑动套筒18的不同的轴向位置的情况下不同的啮合部形成啮合。在此，三个切换位置也是可能的。如果滑动套筒位于切换位置1中（向左移动），那么滑动套筒的外直径上的啮合部没有处于啮合中，并且因此电机被脱开，而内直径上的啮合部与驱动轴或内燃机联接。
在图2中绘出的切换位置2中，不仅17a、18a上的啮合部处于啮合中，而且18b、18c上的啮合部还与轴侧上的啮合部12ac、12bc啮合，并且因此内燃机和两个电机EM都与车轮联接。如果滑动套筒向右被移动到切换位置3中，那么17a、18a上的啮合部联接，并且啮合部18b、12ac相对内燃机分开。这是用于以纯电方式行驶的状态，在该状态中，整个通到内燃机的挂在轴12a上的驱动系区段是脱开的。
在前面描述的实施例中，对离合装置的操作在使用在两个转子之间起作用的传动装置的情况下进行，该传动装置本身允许转动多圈，或者至少允许两个转子的相对大的转动角度。利用该方式可以用非常大的调整力来操作离合装置。如下结构形式也是可能的，其中，操作离合装置仅要求相对小的角度差，例如仅45°。尤其是在这种结构形式中，对于操作离合装置来说足够的是，在两个转子中的一个上存在滑行力矩，该滑行力矩同样导致对离合装置的操作。于是，转动角度差的精确调整不是必需的。设置用于操作离合装置的调整机构可以从预定的转动角度差起到达止动位置，在该止动位置中，两个电机的功率份额相加为驱动力矩，而在此不会出现过量的调整力升高。也可能的是，在驱动装置中设置能以能切换的方式操控的、尤其是可电磁操控的锁定器件或锁止器件，它们不依赖于由电机产生的驱动力矩或制动力矩也可以保持调整出的离合状态。
附图标记列表
1 第一定子
2 第二定子
3 第一动子
4 第二动子
5 行星轮
6 调整环节
6a 环形区段
7 行星架
7a 钢套
9 壳体
10 离合结构
11 离合元件或滑动套筒
12a 输入轴
12b 车轮驱动轴
12ac 啮合部
12bc 啮合部
13 轴承
16 行星架
17 内啮合部
17a 周边槽
18 滑动套筒
18a 啮合部
18b 啮合部
18c 啮合部
18d 周边槽
21 太阳轮
22 齿圈
G1 传动装置
G2 传动装置
EM1 电机
EM2 电机
L1 轴承
L2 轴承
L3 轴承
L4 轴承
L5 轴承
L6 轴承
L7 轴承
S1 丝杆
XP 行星轮的轴线

Claims (11)

1.一种用于机动车的车轮驱动系统，所述车轮驱动系统具有：
-输入轴(12a)，
-车轮驱动轴(12b)，
-用于将所述输入轴(12a)与所述车轮驱动轴(12b)有选择地联接的切换装置，
-第一电机(EM1)，所述第一电机具有第一动子(3)，用于将第一车轮驱动份额暂时引入所述车轮驱动轴(12b)中，以及
-第二电机(EM2)，所述第二电机具有第二动子(4)，用于将第二车轮驱动份额暂时同样引入所述车轮驱动轴(12b)中，
-其中，所述切换装置以如下方式构造，即，所述切换装置的切换状态能根据在所述第一电机(EM1)的动子(3)与所述第二电机(EM2)的动子(4)之间的相对转动来调整。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车轮驱动系统，其特征在于，所述切换装置包括联接机构，所述联接机构在运动学上将两个转子(3、4)联接，其中，所述联接机构以如下方式构造，即，所述联接机构表现为相加传动装置(G1)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车轮驱动系统，其特征在于，所述切换装置包括能被带到三个切换位置中的联接元件(11)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的车轮驱动系统，其特征在于，所述切换装置包括调整机构，用于将所述联接元件(11)带到所述三个切换位置中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的车轮驱动系统，其特征在于，所述调整机构具有至少一个丝杆元件(S1)，所述丝杆元件能根据两个动子(3、4)的相对转动进行转动。
6.根据权利要求5所述的车轮驱动系统，其特征在于，所述丝杆元件(S1)的驱动通过相加传动装置(G1)来实现，其中，所述相加传动装置(G1)具有与所述第一动子(3)联接的第一输入端和与所述第二动子(4)联接的第二输入端。
7.根据权利要求3至6中任意一项所述的车轮驱动系统，其特征在于，两个电机(EM1、EM2)的驱动功率相加地施加到变速传动装置(G2)的输入端上。
8.根据权利要求7所述的车轮驱动系统，其特征在于，所述联接元件(11)将所述变速传动装置(G2)的输出端与所述车轮驱动轴(12b)能切换地连接。
9.根据权利要求7所述的车轮驱动系统，其特征在于，所述变速传动装置(G2)实施为行星传动装置或偏心传动装置。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的车轮驱动系统，其特征在于，两个电机(EM1、EM2)的驱动功率相加地施加到变速传动装置(G2)的输入端上。
11.一种用于机动车的车轮驱动系统，所述车轮驱动系统包括：
-第一电机(EM1)，所述第一电机具有第一动子(3)，用于将第一车轮驱动份额暂时引入车轮驱动轴(12b)中，
-第二电机(EM2)，所述第二电机具有第二动子(4)，用于将第二车轮驱动份额暂时同样引入车轮驱动轴(12b)中，
-用于传动两个电机(EM1、EM2)的驱动份额的传动装置(G2)，以及
-用于将所述传动装置(G2)的输出端与所述车轮驱动轴(12b)有选择地联接或脱开的切换装置，
-其中，所述切换装置能通过联接机构与所述第一电机和所述第二电机(EM1、EM2)联接，并且所述切换装置的切换状态能根据所述第一电机与所述第二电机(EM1、EM2)之间的相对转动来调整。
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