CN109707816A - 功率分支的无级传动设备 - Google Patents
功率分支的无级传动设备 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109707816A CN109707816A CN201811220174.3A CN201811220174A CN109707816A CN 109707816 A CN109707816 A CN 109707816A CN 201811220174 A CN201811220174 A CN 201811220174A CN 109707816 A CN109707816 A CN 109707816A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- gear set
- planetary gear
- relative rotation
- drive apparatus
- drive shaft
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
- F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
- F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
- F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
- F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
- F16H37/086—CVT using two coaxial friction members cooperating with at least one intermediate friction member
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
- B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
- B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
- B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/62—Gearings having three or more central gears
- F16H3/66—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
- B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
- B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H15/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
- F16H15/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members without members having orbital motion
- F16H15/04—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
- F16H15/06—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B
- F16H15/26—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a spherical friction surface centered on its axis of revolution
- F16H15/28—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a spherical friction surface centered on its axis of revolution with external friction surface
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
- F16H2003/442—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion comprising two or more sets of orbital gears arranged in a single plane
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
- F16H37/021—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings toothed gearing combined with continuous variable friction gearing
- F16H2037/023—CVT's provided with at least two forward and one reverse ratio in a serial arranged sub-transmission
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
- F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
- F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
- F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
- F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
- F16H2037/088—Power split variators with summing differentials, with the input of the CVT connected or connectable to the input shaft
- F16H2037/0886—Power split variators with summing differentials, with the input of the CVT connected or connectable to the input shaft with switching means, e.g. to change ranges
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
- F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
- F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
- F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
- F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
- F16H2037/0893—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT characterised in the ratio of the continuously variable transmission is different from zero when the output shaft speed is zero
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
- F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
- F16H2200/0039—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising three forward speeds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
- F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
- F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
- F16H2200/201—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with three sets of orbital gears
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
- F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
- F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
- F16H2200/2038—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with three engaging means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
- F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
- F16H2200/2097—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion comprising an orbital gear set member permanently connected to the housing, e.g. a sun wheel permanently connected to the housing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
- Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及功率分支的无级传动设备。变速器单元固定在抗相对转动的构件上,变速器单元的主侧与驱动轴抗相对转动地连接并且其副侧与第一行星齿轮组的第一元件抗相对转动地连接,驱动轴经由第二切换元件与第二行星齿轮组的第二元件抗相对转动地连接并与第三行星齿轮组的第一元件抗相对转动地连接,第一行星齿轮组的第二元件经由第一切换元件连接,第二行星齿轮组的第一元件与第三行星齿轮组的第三元件抗相对转动地连接,第一行星齿轮组的第三元件与第二行星齿轮组的第三元件抗相对转动地连接,第三行星齿轮组的第二元件与输出轴抗相对转动地连接且还经由第三切换元件与第一行星齿轮组的第三元件和第二行星齿轮组的第三元件抗相对转动地连接。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的功率分支的无级传动设备,尤其是无级行星齿轮传动设备。本发明还涉及一种根据权利要求12所述的机动车驱动系。
背景技术
在US20160109002A1中公开了这种可无级调节的传动装置,其被视为最接近的现有技术。
在WO2014179717中公开了一种可无级调节的传动装置,其包括NuVinci变速器、正行星齿轮组、负行星齿轮组以及带有多个离合器的设施,该传动装置提供两个前进行驶范围和一个后退行驶范围。
在DE102013223243中公开了一种功率分支的无级传动设备,其具有综合行星齿轮传动装置;至少一个另外的行星齿轮组和变速器,它们在轴的区域中彼此作用连接并且为了实现至少三个传动比范围而可以在其他轴的区域中经由切换元件彼此耦联。传动比可以在传动比范围之内经由变速器无级地改变。变速器构成为具有至少三个轴的机械摩擦齿轮变速器。综合行星齿轮传动装置、至少一个另外的行星齿轮组和变速器彼此同轴地布置。在其中一个传动比范围中,所有功率可以在传动装置输入轴与传动装置输出轴之间经由变速器引导。附加地,变速器的摩擦齿轮至少局部地、至少近似锥形地构成。
无级的传动装置也称为CVT传动装置(连续可变的传动Continuously VariableTransmission)例如可以借助所谓的变速器无级地调节在最短的和最长的传动比之间的传动比。不同于在典型传动装置中,其中,设置有一列预定的(离散的)传动比。CVT传动装置可以构造为例如缠绕式传动装置形式的机械无级传动装置或者构造为实施成锥环传动装置或超环面传动装置的滚动体传动装置。
机械的无级传动装置的基本作用原理与其结构上的实施方式无关地始终是相同的。功率传递在无能量形式转换的情况下以力锁合的方式(kraftschlüssig)通过两个或更多个相对彼此运动的接触体的摩擦锁合(reibschlüssig)的接触实现,通常主盘和副盘也称作主侧和副侧,其中,两个盘由成对布置的锥形盘构成并且设有传递转矩的缠绕元件,其在两个锥形盘对之间绕转。
根据结构类型,在此情况下非常高的全负荷效率是可能的,其明显超过流体静力的全负荷效率。机械CVT的传动比始终通过其有效的摩擦半径比确定,即当前的传动比通过缠绕元件的运转半径限定,所述运转半径又是锥形盘的轴向位置的函数,并且由此受制于几何形状的边界,所述边界防止起动过程的直接实现。
为了取消机械CVT的扩展限制,适宜的是,该机械CVT以功率分支的传动结构运行,例如以一个或多个行星齿轮传动装置与无级传动装置组合地运行。这样的传动装置,也称IVT传动装置(可无限变化的传动Infinitely Variable Transmission),能够在固定的传动比值之间沿着传递方向任意缓慢地即连续地或也沿着相反方向即以为负的方式运行,从而受驱动的轴转动,而输出的轴静止。
利用该传动装置通过带有无功功率的运行在低速度时可以扩大变速器的扩展,使得可以直接实现起动过程,即车辆在“连续”传动比的情况下在发动机运行时无需附加的分离离合器地运转。
通过使用为功率分支传动装置,可以经由一个或多个功率路径引导功率流。例如,功率可以沿着第一路径通过变速器或沿着第二路径通过行星齿轮传动装置来引导。功率也可以向回引导到变速器中,由此变速器在无级传动装置运行期间的负荷被提高。
发明内容
本发明的任务是提供一种替选的无级传动设备,该无级传动设备具有简单的结构和紧凑的结构形式。
根据本发明,传动设备包括:驱动轴和输出轴;设置在驱动轴与输出轴之间的第一行星齿轮组;与第一行星齿轮组连接且设置在驱动轴与输出轴之间的第二行星齿轮组;与第二行星齿轮组连接且设置在驱动轴与输出轴之间的第三行星齿轮组;变速器单元,该变速器单元构造用于无级地将功率从驱动轴传递到第一行星齿轮组,其中,设置有第一、第二和第三切换元件,通过有选择地操作这些切换元件能够在提供第一、第二和第三行驶范围的情况下实现驱动轴与输出轴之间的不同的动力流引导。
“轴”在本发明的意义下可理解为传动设备的能旋转的构件,传动设备的分别所属的部件经由该能旋转的构件轴向地和/或径向地以抗相对转动的方式彼此连接或在操作相应的切换元件的情况下经由该能旋转的构件可以建立这种连接。相应的轴也可以作为中间件存在,经由该中间件例如径向地联结相应的部件。
本发明现在包括如下技术教导:变速器单元固定在抗相对转动的构件上,变速器单元的主侧与驱动轴抗相对转动地连接并且变速器单元的副侧经由第三轴与第一行星齿轮组的第一元件抗相对转动地连接。
此外,驱动轴经由第二切换元件与第二行星齿轮组的第二元件能抗相对转动地连接并且与第三行星齿轮组的第一元件抗相对转动地连接。
第一行星齿轮组的第二元件固定在抗相对转动的构件上。第二行星齿轮组的第二元件可以经由第一切换元件与抗相对转动的构件固定。
第二行星齿轮组的第一元件与第三行星齿轮组的第三元件抗相对转动地连接。第一行星齿轮组的第三元件与第二行星齿轮组的第三元件抗相对转动地连接。第三行星齿轮组的第二元件与输出轴抗相对转动地连接并且此外经由第三切换元件可以与第一行星齿轮组的第三元件和第二行星齿轮组的第三元件抗相对转动地连接。
换言之,在根据本发明的传动设备中,驱动轴抗相对转动地与变速器单元连接,而输出轴抗相对转动地与第三行星齿轮组的第二元件连接。
第一行星齿轮组的第二元件永久地与传动设备的抗相对转动的构件以抗相对转动的方式连接。在操作第一切换元件时,第一行星齿轮组的第二元件与第二行星齿轮组的第二元件抗相对转动地连接并由此防止第二行星齿轮组的第二元件转动运动。
在操作第二切换元件的情况下,第二行星齿轮组的第二元件与驱动轴抗相对转动地连接。
在操作第三切换元件的情况下,第二行星齿轮组的第三元件和第一行星齿轮组的第三元件与第三行星齿轮组的第二元件并因此与输出轴抗相对转动地连接。
传动设备的抗相对转动的构件根据本发明是传动设备的永久处于静止的部件,优选是传动设备壳体或这种传动设备壳体的一部分。
在根据本发明的传动设备中,第一切换元件设计为制动器,该制动器在操控传动设备的各所属的部件的情况下被减速到静止状态并且固定在抗相对转动的构件上。而第二切换元件和第三切换元件分别作为离合器存在,其在操作时分别将传动设备的各所属的能旋转的部件在其转动运动中彼此一致并且接下来抗相对转动地彼此连接。
这些切换元件不仅可以构成为形状锁合(formschlüssig)的而且也可以构造为力锁合的切换元件。对于形状锁合的切换元件的实例是所谓的齿切换元件,齿切换元件(其也作为爪式切换元件已知)或能同步切换的切换元件。力锁合的或摩擦锁合的切换元件的实例是片组式切换元件。
行星齿轮组的可旋转的元件的相应的抗相对转动的连接根据本发明优选经由一个或多个在其间的轴实现,所述轴在此在这些元件于空间上紧密地布置时也可以作为轴向的和/或径向的短的中间件存在。具体而言,行星齿轮组的永久抗相对转动地彼此连接的元件在此可以分别地要么作为抗相对转动地彼此连接的单个部件存在要么也可以一件式地存在。在提到的第二种情况下,相应的元件和必要时存在的轴通过共同的构件形成,其中,这尤其是当传动设备中的相应的元件在空间上紧密地彼此贴靠时才实现。
在行星齿轮组的通过操作相应的切换元件而彼此抗相对转动地连接的元件的情况下,同样优选经由一个或多个在中间的轴来实现连接。
已证明的是,通过本发明可以提供传动设备,该传动设备具有:简单的结构,其具有恰好三个行星齿轮组和三个切换元件;该传动设备还具有紧凑的结构形式,并且特征还在于小的传动损耗。不同于最接近的现有技术(其中,变速器单元针对各个行驶范围被跨接),根据本发明,功率能始终至少部分地经由变速器单元来实现,即,变速器单元参与所有三个行驶范围。此外,传动设备具有仅很小的构件负荷并且尤其具有很小的变速器负荷。传动设备特别适合作为前置横向或后置横向布置,其具有侧向的输出装置。
原理上,可考虑最常见的机械的变速器,其具有从主侧到副侧的反转的转动方向。针对机械变速器的实施例是锥环变速器或行星滚子变速器。
根据实施形式优选的是,变速器是行星滚子变速器,因为这种变速器不具有在其两个侧之间的转动方向反转。
此外优选的是,从传动设备的驱动轴的联接部位开始,三个行星齿轮组轴向上相邻地布置。“轴向”在本发明的意义下指的是沿着轴线方向的定向,第一行星齿轮组和第二行星齿轮组沿着该轴线彼此间同轴地布置。
在替选的实施方式中优选的是,第二行星齿轮组径向地布置在第三行星齿轮组之外。由此可以实现轴向上更紧凑的结构形式。“径向”于是可理解为在该轴线上的轴的直径方向上的定向。
由于简单的结构形式,传动设备是优选的,其中,第一、第二和第三行星齿轮组分别构成为负行星齿轮组,其中,第一行星齿轮组的第一元件是太阳齿轮,第一行星齿轮组的第二元件是行星齿轮架并且第一行星齿轮组的第三元件是齿圈,其中,第二行星齿轮组的第一元件是太阳齿轮,第二行星齿轮架的第二元件是行星齿轮架并且第二行星齿轮组的第三元件是齿圈,其中,第三行星齿轮组的第一元件是太阳齿轮,第三行星齿轮组的第二元件是行星齿轮架并且第三行星齿轮组的第三元件是齿圈。
允许联结各个元件能够使负行星齿轮组转化为正行星齿轮组,其中,相对于实施为负行星齿轮组,齿圈和行星齿轮行星架联结彼此互换,并且定轴传动比提高了一。相反,正行星齿轮组也可以通过负行星齿轮组替代,只要这能够通过传动设备的元件的联结来实现。在此于是与正行星齿轮组相比齿圈与行星齿轮行星架联结同样彼此互换,并且定轴传动比减小了一。
优选的是,第一和第三行星齿轮组构成为负行星齿轮组,而第二行星齿轮组构成为正行星齿轮组,其中,第一和第三行星齿轮组的第一元件是太阳齿轮,第一和第三行星齿轮组的第二元件是行星齿轮架并且第一和第三行星齿轮组的第三元件是齿圈,其中,第二行星齿轮组的第一元件是太阳齿轮,第二行星齿轮组的第二元件是齿圈并且第二行星齿轮组的第三元件是行星齿轮架。
此外优选的是,第一和第二行星齿轮组构成为负行星齿轮组,而第三行星齿轮组构成为正行星齿轮组,其中,第一和第二行星齿轮组的第一元件是太阳齿轮,第一和第二行星齿轮组的第二元件是行星齿轮架并且第一和第二行星齿轮组的第三元件是齿圈,其中,第三行星齿轮组的第一元件是太阳齿轮,第三行星齿轮组的第二元件是齿圈并且第三行星齿轮组的第三元件是行星齿轮架。
负行星齿轮组也作为单排行星齿轮组而已知。负行星齿轮组已知地具有可扭转地支承在行星齿轮架即行星架上的行星齿轮,所述行星齿轮与该行星齿轮组的太阳齿轮和齿圈啮合,从而齿圈在行星齿轮架保持固定且太阳齿轮转动的情况下沿着与太阳齿轮转动方向相反的方向转动。
负行星齿轮组已知地具有在其行星齿轮架上可转动地支承德并且彼此齿接合的内部的和外部的行星齿轮,其中该行星齿轮组的太阳齿轮与内部的行星齿轮啮合而该行星齿轮组的齿圈与外部的行星齿轮啮合,使得齿圈在行星齿轮保持固定且太阳齿轮转动时沿着与太阳齿轮转动方向相同的方向转动。
此外优选的是,在第一切换元件接合的情况下实现无级功率分支的第一行驶范围,尤其是前进行驶范围,并且/或者其中,在第三切换元件接合的情况下实现可无级变化的第二行驶范围,尤其是第二前进行驶范围,并且/或者其中,在第二切换元件接合的情况下,实现无级功率分支的第三行驶范围,尤其是第三前进行驶范围。第一行驶范围可以通过调节变速器单元来取反,即,实现后退行驶范围。
功率分支指的是,在驱动轴与输出轴之间的动力流引导不仅经由变速器单元而且也经由至少一个另外的行星齿轮组进行。与之相反,可变地表示:在驱动轴与输出轴之间的动力流引导仅经由变速器单元进行。动力流引导不仅在功率分支的行驶范围中而且在可变的行驶范围中无级地进行。
已表明:在第二行驶范围中可以实现小的变速器负荷。
在本发明的改进方案中,设置有电机,该电机的转子与传动设备的可旋转的构件中的一个构件抗相对转动地耦联,即,与驱动轴、输出轴、这些轴中的一个轴或行星齿轮组的三个元件中的一个元件抗相对转动地耦联。优选地,电机的定子抗相对转动地与传动设备的抗相对转动的构件连接。此外,电机在此情况下尤其以电动机方式和/或以发电机方式运行,以便实现不同的功能。尤其是,在此可以实施纯电动行驶、经由电机的增压、经由电机制动和回收和/或在传动设备中的同步。电机的转子在此可以与相应的构件同轴地或相对于相应的构件轴线错开动地布置,其中,在后一种情况下经由一个或多个在其间的变速级(例如以圆柱齿轮级形式)或经由牵引机构传动件如链条传动机构或皮带传动机构来实现。
但优选地,电机的转子与驱动轴抗相对转动地耦联,其中,由此以合适的方式和方法实现机动车的纯电动行驶。此外,切换元件中的一个或多个切换元件优选用作用以电动行驶的内部起动元件。但作为替选方案也可以应用独立的起动离合器,其定位在电机与变速器单元之间。
根据本发明的另一设计可能性(其尤其是与电机的上述布置组合地实现)还设置有分离离合器,经由该分离离合器,驱动轴能与联接轴抗相对转动地连接。联接轴于是在车辆驱动系之内用于联结到驱动机上。分离离合器的设置在此具有如下优点:在纯电动行驶的过程中可以不中断至驱动机的连接,由此该驱动机不会被一同拖拽。分离离合器在此优选实施为力锁合的切换元件,例如实施为片组式离合器,但同样也可以良好地作为形状锁合的切换元件,例如作为爪式离合器或锁止同步装置。
根据本发明的传动设备尤其是机动车驱动系的一部分并且布置在机动车的尤其设计为内燃机的驱动机与驱动系的其他沿着至机动车的驱动轮的动力流方向的部件之间。在此情况下,传动设备的驱动轴要么永久抗相对转动地与内燃机的曲轴耦联要么可以经由在其间的分离离合器或起动元件与该曲轴连接,其中,在内燃机与传动设备之间还可以设置有扭转振动减震器。在输出侧,变速器在机动车驱动系之内优选与机动车的驱动桥的车桥传动装置耦联,然而其中,这里也可以存在至中心差速器的联结,经由该中心差速器来进行至机动车的多个受驱动的车桥上的分配。车桥传动装置或中心差速器在此可以与传动设备一起布置在共同的传动设备壳体中。同样,也可以将扭转振动减震器一起整合到传动设备壳体中。
传动设备的两个构件抗相对转动地“连接”,即“耦联”,也就是说“彼此间处于连接”,在本发明的意义下指的是这些构件的永久的连接,从而这些构件不能相对彼此独立地旋转。就此而言,在这些构件之间未设置有切换元件,而是对应的构件彼此间刚性地耦联,这些构件可以是传动设备的行星齿轮组的元件和/或轴和/或抗相对转动的构件。
而如果切换元件设置在传动设备的两个构件之间,则这些构件并非永久地彼此抗相对转动地耦联,而是抗相对转动的耦联通过操作在其间的切换元件来进行。在此,对切换元件的操作在本发明的意义下表示:所涉及到的切换元件转变为接合的状态中并且随后使直接耦联到其上的构件在其转动运动方面彼此一致。在所涉及到的切换元件构成为形状锁合的切换元件的情况下,由此直接抗相对转动地彼此连接的构件在相同的转速下运转,而在力锁合的切换元件的情况下也可以在操作切换元件之后在构件之间存在转速差。期望的或不期望的状态在本发明的范畴中还被称作相应的构件经由切换元件的抗相对转动的连接。
本发明并不限于独立权利要求和从属于其的权利要求的特征的所说明的组合。此外,得到如下可能性,即,只要能够从权利要求、后续的对本发明的优选的实施形式的描述或直接从附图中得到,那么就将各个特征组合起来。通过使用附图标记使权利要求引用附图不应限制权利要求的保护范围。
附图说明
参照后续的附图详细地阐述了本发明。在附图中:
图1示出了在优选的第一实施形式中的根据本发明的传动设备的示意图;
图2示出了在优选的第二实施形式中的根据本发明的传动设备的示意图;
图3示出了根据图1的传动设备的切换阵列;
图4示出了在优选的第三实施形式中的根据本发明的传动设备的示意图;
图5示出了在优选的第四实施形式中的根据本发明的传动设备的示意图;
图6示出了在优选的第五实施形式中的根据本发明的传动设备的示意图;
图7示出了在优选的第六实施形式中的根据本发明的传动设备的示意图;
图8示出了在另一优选的实施形式中的根据本发明的传动设备的示意图;
图9示出了在另一优选的实施形式中的根据本发明的传动设备的示意图;
图10示出了在另一优选的实施形式中的根据本发明的传动设备的示意图;
图11示出了在另一优选的实施形式中的根据本发明的传动设备的示意图;
图12示出了在另一优选的实施形式中的根据本发明的传动设备的示意图;以及
图13示出了在另一优选的实施形式中的根据本发明的传动设备的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了功率分支的无级传动设备100的示意图,该传动设备呈机械IVT传动设备的形式,该机械IVT传动设备在驱动轴1的区域中与未示出的驱动机直接地也就是在没有耦联设备的情况下作用连接。驱动机可以是呈柴油内燃机或汽油发动机形式的内燃机。
由驱动机提供的并且在驱动轴1的区域中存在的转矩可以经由多个功率路径引导,其中,设置有用于改变相应的功率路径的传动比的变速器10,由此经由变速器10可以在所期望的范围中无级地改变传动设备100的总传动比。
在传动设备输入侧于驱动轴1的区域中的转矩的经由功率路径引导的份额沿着输出轴2地受引导。
此外,传动设备100包括切换元件B1、K1和K2以及与变速器10连接的第一行星齿轮组RS1。此外,传动设备100包括与第一行星齿轮组RS1连接的第二行星齿轮组RS2。此外,传动设备100包括与第二行星齿轮组RS2连接的第三行星齿轮组RS3。切换元件B1构成为制动器,切换元件K1和K2分别构成为离合器。变速器10、切换元件B1、K1和K2以及三个行星齿轮组RS1、RS2和RS3设置在传动设备100的驱动轴1与输出轴2之间。这三个行星齿轮组RS1、RS2和RS3构成为单排(负)行星齿轮组。
对于负行星齿轮组适用如下对应关系:第一元件是太阳齿轮,第二元件是行星齿轮架即行星架,并且第三元件是齿圈。
第一行星齿轮组RS1包括第一、第二和第三元件E11、E12和E13,其中,第一元件E11对应于太阳齿轮SO1,第二元件E12对应于行星齿轮架或行星架PT1,并且第三元件E13对应于齿圈HO1。
已知地,太阳齿轮SO1与一个或多个可转动地支承在行星齿轮架PT1上的行星齿轮PR1啮合,所述行星齿轮就其自身而言与齿圈HO1啮合,使得齿圈HO1在行星齿轮架PT1保持固定而太阳齿轮SO1转动时沿着与太阳齿轮转动方向相反的方向转动。行星架PT1永久地固定在构成为传动设备壳体GG的抗相对转动的(drehfest)构件上,这通过附图标记0表示。
第二行星齿轮组RS2包括第一、第二和第三元件E21、E22和E23,其中,第一元件E21对应于太阳齿轮SO2,第二元件E22对应于行星齿轮架或行星架PT2,并且第三元件E23对应于齿圈HO2。
已知地,太阳齿轮SO2与一个或多个可转动地支承在行星齿轮架PT2上的行星齿轮PR2啮合,所述行星齿轮就其自身而言与齿圈HO2啮合,使得齿圈HO2在行星齿轮架PT2保持固定而太阳齿轮SO2转动时沿着与太阳齿轮转动方向相反的方向转动。
第三行星齿轮组RS3包括第一、第二和第三元件E31、E32和E33,其中,第一元件E31对应于太阳齿轮SO3,第二元件E32对应于行星齿轮架或行星架P31,并且第三元件E33对应于齿圈HO3。
已知地,太阳齿轮SO3与一个或多个可转动地支承在行星齿轮架PT3上的行星齿轮PR3啮合,所述行星齿轮就其自身而言与齿圈HO3啮合,使得齿圈HO3在行星齿轮架PT3保持固定而太阳齿轮SO3转动时沿着与太阳齿轮转动方向相反的方向转动。
变速器10构成为行星滚子变速器。已知地,行星滚子变速器具有主侧11和副侧12。此外,该行星滚子变速器固定也就是说稳固在传动设备壳体GG上。主侧11与传动设备100的驱动轴1抗相对转动地连接。
变速器10的副侧12经由第三轴3与第一行星齿轮组RS1的太阳齿轮SO1抗相对转动地连接。此外,驱动轴1经由离合器K1与第六轴6并且由此能与第二行星齿轮组RS2的行星架PT2抗相对转动地连接。此外,驱动轴1与太阳齿轮SO3抗相对转动地连接。
齿圈HO2经由第五轴5与齿圈HO1抗相对转动地连接。齿圈HO3与太阳齿轮SO2经由第四轴4抗相对转动地连接。行星架PT3与输出轴2抗相对转动地连接。
在操作也就是接合制动器B1时,行星架PT1与行星架PT2抗相对转动地连接,由此行星架PT2在制动器B1接合时固定在传动设备壳体GG上并且由此阻止转动。在离合器K1接合时,驱动轴1与第六轴6并因此与行星架PT2抗相对转动地连接。在离合器2接合时,齿圈HO1和HO2也就是说第五轴5与行星架PT3即与输出轴抗相对转动地连接。
在此,在传动设备100中通过选择性地对切换元件B1、K1和K2进行切换而表现出三个传动比范围,即,用于前进行驶的行驶范围FB1、FB2和FB3,其中,行驶范围FB1通过调整变速器10可以取反,也就是说可以表现为后退行驶范围。在行驶范围之间的转换通过在转速同步点中交替地断开和接合其中两个切换元件来实现。
为了能够在径向方向上以安装空间有利的方式实施传动设备100,行星齿轮组RS1、RS2和RS3轴向上相邻地设置。第一行星齿轮组RS1在轴向上设置在变速器10与第二行星齿轮组RS2之间。第二行星齿轮组RS2在轴向上设置在第一行星齿轮组RS1与第三行星齿轮组RS3之间。根据图1的传动设备100以具有同轴的输出装置的标准布置方案的形式构成。
通过选择合适的传动比,第三行星齿轮组RS3的太阳齿轮SO3(经由驱动机、固定的传动比)和齿圈HO3(经由变速器、可无级调节的传动比)以相同的、但却相反的周向速度运行,使得进行输出的行星架PT3静止,即其转速等于零(齿轮传动中性点)。现在,如果齿圈HO3的转速通过调整变速器传动比来改变,则行星架PT3开始转动。车辆起动。这样有利地可以省去起动离合器。
与图1不同,根据图2的传动设备构成为所谓的带有侧向输出轴的前横置布置。
图3示出了传动设备100的表格式切换表。从切换表中获知的是,为了实现用于前进行驶的第一传动比范围FB1,接合第一切换元件B1,而其他切换元件K1和K2处于断开的运行状态中。如果存在相应要求来实现用于前进行驶的第二传动比范围FB2,则第一切换元件B1在当前挂入的用于前进行驶的第一传动比范围FB1的情况下断开并且接合第三切换元件K2,而第二切换元件K1保留在断开的运行状态中。如果又存在对应的要求来实现用于前进行驶的第三传动比范围FB3,接合第二切换元件K1,而第三切换元件K2转换到断开的运行状态中,而第一切换元件B1保持在断开的运行状态中。如上文已经描述的那样,切换元件K1和K2是离合器而切换元件B1是制动器。
倒退行驶通过第一行驶范围FB1实现,其方式是:调整即反转变速器10。
在挂入用于前进行驶或倒退行驶的传动比范围FB1时,经由驱动轴1导入传动设备100中的转矩的较小的第一部分经由变速器10朝着输出轴2的方向引导,而所述转矩的较大的第二部分经由驱动轴1与太阳齿轮SO3的直接连接引导到第三行星齿轮组RS3中。因此,在传动比范围FB1中功率流以功率分支的方式实现。
在挂入用于前进行驶的传动比范围FB3时,经由驱动轴1导入到传动设备100中的转矩的较小的第一部分同样经由变速器10朝着输出轴2的方向引导,而所述转矩的较大的第二部分经由离合器K1引导到第二行星齿轮组RS2中并且经由与太阳齿轮SO3的直接连接引导到第三行星齿轮组RS3中。因此,在传动比范围FB3中功率流以功率分支的方式实现。
在挂入用于前进行驶的传动比范围FB2的情况下,整体上经由驱动轴1导入传动设备100中的转矩经由变速器10朝着输出轴2的方向在没有功率分支的情况下引导,第一传动比范围FB1因此实现所谓的直接行驶范围,其扩展对应于变速器10的扩展。
传动设备100的传动比可以在行驶范围FB1、FB2和FB3之内经由变速器分别无级地发生变化。
图4示出了嵌套的齿轮组设施中的传动设备,即,第二行星齿轮组RS2径向上设置在第三行星齿轮组RS3之外。这由于固定的太阳齿轮-齿圈耦接而是可行的,也就是说,在第二行星齿轮组RS2的太阳齿轮SO2与第三行星齿轮组RS3的齿圈HO3之间的固定的连接。由此,传动设备100的轴向上更紧凑的实施形式是可行的。
图5示出了另一实施形式中的传动设备100。该传动设备100具有正行星齿轮组,其中,第二行星齿轮组RS2实施为正行星齿轮组。
对于正行星齿轮组适用如下对应关系:第一元件是太阳齿轮,第二元件是齿圈并且第三元件是行星齿轮架,即行星架。
在图5中,第二行星齿轮组RS2同样具有的太阳齿轮SO2,内行星齿轮PR21和外行星齿轮PR22以及齿圈HO2(第二元件E22),所述行星齿轮可转动地支承在行星架PT2(第三元件E23)上。通过交换,第二行星齿轮组RS2的行星架PT2与第一行星齿轮组RS1的齿圈HO1可连接并且经由离合器K2能与行星架PT3连接,而第一行星齿轮组RS1的行星架PT1与能第二行星齿轮组RS2的齿圈HO2抗相对转动地连接。第一行星齿轮组RS1的行星架PT1在操作制动器B1的情况下与第二行星齿轮组RS2的齿圈HO2抗相对转动地连接。在离合器K1接合时,驱动轴1与第二行星齿轮组RS2的齿圈HO2抗相对转动地连接。根据图5的传动设备100以具有同轴的输出装置的标准布置方案构成。
未示出地,但却同样优选的是如下传动设备,在该传动设备中,第一和第二行星齿轮组分别构成为负行星齿轮组,而第三行星齿轮组构成为正行星齿轮组。
与图5不同,根据图6的传动设备构成为所谓的具有侧向的输出轴的前横置布置。
图8至图13示出了混合动力应用中的传动设备100的三个实施形式。尤其是驱动轴1适合于联结电机EM。
根据图8的传动设备具有电机EM,其定子S固定在抗相对转动的构件GG上,而电机EM的转子R与驱动轴1抗相对转动地连接。此外,驱动轴1可以在联接部位1-A处经由在其间的分离离合器K0与联接轴AN抗相对转动地连接,所述分离离合器在此构成为片组式切换元件,所述联接轴又与驱动机的曲轴连接(未示出)。由于转子R与驱动轴1的抗相对转动的连接,电机EM与驱动轴1同轴地安置。
经由电机EM在此可以实现纯电动行驶,其中,在此情况下分离离合器K0被断开,以便驱动轴1与联接轴AN脱开并且并未连同拖拽内燃机。所有无级的行驶范围也可以电动地使用。起动到内燃机的行驶范围中始终是可能的。另外,根据图8的实施形式对应于根据图1的变型方案,从而参考针对于此的描述。
此外,图9示出了根据本发明的另一设计可能性的传动设备100的示意性视图,该另一设计可能性在此基本上对应于在前的根据图8的变型方案。在此不同的是,电机EM并非与驱动轴1同轴地设置而是相对于驱动轴1轴线错开地设置。因此,电机EM的在此未详细示出的转子与驱动轴1并不抗相对转动地彼此连接,而是经由在其间的圆柱齿轮级SRS彼此耦联。在此,圆柱齿轮级SRS的圆柱齿轮SR1抗相对转动地安置在驱动轴1上并且与圆柱齿轮SR2啮合,所述圆柱齿轮SR2抗相对转动地设置在电机EM的输入轴EW上。输入轴EW于是在电机EM之内建立至转子的连接。另外,根据图9的实施形式对应于根据图8的变型方案,从而参考针对于此的描述。
此外,在图10中示出了根据本发明的另一实施形式的传动设备100的示意图,该传动设备也同样基本上对应于根据图8的变型方案。如已经在根据图9的设计方案中那样,但在此电机EM并不与驱动轴1同轴地安置,而是相对于驱动轴1轴线错开地安置。在驱动轴1与电机EM的未示出的转子之间的抗相对转动的耦联在此经由牵引机构传动件ZT实现,其优选作为链式传动件存在。牵引机构传动件ZT在此将驱动轴1与电机EM的输入轴EW耦联起来。另外,根据图10的变型方案对应于根据图8的实施形式,从而参考针对于此的描述。
与图8至图10不同,根据图11至图13的传动设备实施为所谓的具有侧向输出装置的前横置布置。
混合动力应用参照根据图1的实施形式来描述。当然,剩余的实施形式也可以混合动力化,即,根据图2至图7的实施形式以及未示出的但描述的正行星齿轮组变型方案也可以考虑用于混合动力应用。
借助根据本发明的设计方案,可以实现具有紧凑的结构和良好的效率的传动设备。
附图标记
1 驱动轴
2 输出轴、第二轴
3 第三轴
4 第四轴
5 第五轴
6 第六轴
10 变速器单元、变速器、行星滚子变速器
11 变速器单元的主侧
12 变速器单元的副侧
100 功率分支的无级传动设备,无级行星传动设备
An 联接轴
B1 第一切换元件、制动器
E11 第一元件
E12 第二元件
E13 第三元件
E21 第一元件
E22 第二元件
E23 第三元件
E31 第一元件
E32 第二元件
E33 第三元件
EM 电机
FB1 第一行驶范围、前进或后退
FB2 第二行驶范围、前进
FB3 第三行驶范围、前进
HO1 第一齿圈
HO2 第二齿圈
HO3 第三齿圈
K0 分离离合器
K1 第二切换元件、离合器
K2 第三切换元件、离合器
PR1 行星齿轮
PR2 行星齿轮
PR3 行星齿轮
PR21 内行星齿轮
PR22 外行星齿轮
PT1 第一行星齿轮架、行星架
PT2 第二行星齿轮架、行星架
PT3 第三行星齿轮架、行星架
RS1 第一行星齿轮组
RS2 第二行星齿轮组
RS3 第三行星齿轮组
R 转子
S 定子
SO1 第一太阳齿轮
SO2 第二太阳齿轮
SO3 第三太阳齿轮
SRS 圆柱齿轮级
SR1 圆柱齿轮
SR2 圆柱齿轮
ZT 牵引机构传动件
Claims (9)
1.一种功率分支的无级传动设备,其包括:驱动轴(1)和输出轴(2);设置在所述驱动轴(1)与所述输出轴(2)之间的第一行星齿轮组(RS1);与所述第一行星齿轮组(RS1)连接且布置在所述驱动轴(1)与所述输出轴(2)之间的第二行星齿轮组(RS2);与所述第二行星齿轮组(RS2)连接且布置在所述驱动轴(1)与所述输出轴(2)之间的第三行星齿轮组(RS3);变速器单元(10),所述变速器单元构造用于以无级的方式将功率从所述驱动轴(1)传递到所述第一行星齿轮组(RS1),其中,设置有第一切换元件(B1)、第二切换元件(K1)和第三切换元件(K2),通过有选择地操作这些切换元件能够在提供第一行驶范围(FB1)、第二行驶范围(FB2)和第三行驶范围(FB3)的情况下实现所述驱动轴(1)与所述输出轴(2)之间的不同的动力流引导,其特征在于,
-所述变速器单元(10)固定在抗相对转动的构件(GG)上,所述变速器单元(10)的主侧(11)与所述驱动轴(1)抗相对转动地连接并且所述变速器单元(10)的副侧(12)与第一行星齿轮组(RS1)的第一元件(E11)抗相对转动地连接,
-此外,所述驱动轴(1)
经由所述第二切换元件(K1)与所述第二行星齿轮组(RS2)的第二元件(E22)能够抗相对转动地连接,并且
与所述第三行星齿轮组(RS3)的第一元件(E31)抗相对转动地连接,
-所述第一行星齿轮组(RS1)的第二元件(E12)固定在抗相对转动的构件(GG)上,
-所述第二行星齿轮组(RS2)的第二元件(E22)能够经由所述第一切换元件(B1)与所述抗相对转动的构件(GG)固定,
-所述第二行星齿轮组(RS2)的第一元件(E21)与所述第三行星齿轮组(RS3)的第三元件(E33)抗相对转动地连接,
-所述第一行星齿轮组(RS1)的第三元件(E13)与所述第二行星齿轮组(RS2)的第三元件(E23)抗相对转动地连接,
-所述第三行星齿轮组(RS3)的第二元件(E32)与所述输出轴(2)抗相对转动地连接并且此外经由所述第三切换元件(K2)能够与所述第一行星齿轮组(RS1)的第三元件(E13)和所述第二行星齿轮组(RS2)的第三元件抗相对转动地连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的传动设备,
其中,三个行星齿轮组(RS1、RS2、RS3)轴向上相邻地布置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的传动设备,
其中,所述第二行星齿轮组(RS2)在径向上布置在所述第三行星齿轮组(RS3)之外。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的传动设备,其中,
-在所述第一切换元件(B1)接合的情况下,实现无级功率分支的第一行驶范围(FB1),
-其中,在所述第三切换元件(K2)接合的情况下,实现无级变速的第二行驶范围(FB2),并且
-其中,在第二切换元件(K1)接合的情况下,实现无级功率分支的第三行驶范围(FB3)。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的传动设备,
其中,设置有电机(EM),所述电机的转子(R)与所述驱动轴(1)、与所述输出轴(2)或与其余的轴(3至6)中的一个轴连接。
6.根据权利要求5所述的传动设备,
其中,设置有分离离合器,所述驱动轴(1)能够经由所述分离离合器与联接轴抗相对转动地连接。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的传动设备,
其中,所述电机(EM)相对于所述驱动轴(1)同轴地布置。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的传动设备,
其中,所述电机(EM)相对于所述驱动轴(1)轴线平行地布置。
9.一种机动车驱动系,其包括根据权利要求1至8中任一项或多项所述的传动设备(100)。
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