CN104024012B - 车辆 - Google Patents

车辆 Download PDF

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CN104024012B
CN104024012B CN201180074696.7A CN201180074696A CN104024012B CN 104024012 B CN104024012 B CN 104024012B CN 201180074696 A CN201180074696 A CN 201180074696A CN 104024012 B CN104024012 B CN 104024012B
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vehicle
cells
seat
driver
battery
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CN104024012A (zh
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木村健治
林强
藤原伸得
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/04—Arrangement of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/023—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for transmission of signals between vehicle parts or subsystems
    • B60R16/0231—Circuits relating to the driving or the functioning of the vehicle
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0427—Arrangement between the seats
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)

Abstract

(技术问题)本发明的目的在于提供能够降低电池组的拆下作业所耗费的工时的车辆。(技术方案)本发明的车辆100是具备电池组2的车辆，所述电池组配置在比沿车宽方向并排设置的驾驶席11与副驾驶席12之间的空间S2靠车辆前方Fr且比在驾驶席以及副驾驶席的车辆前方所设置的仪表板31靠车辆后方Rr的位置，该电池组在车室内。根据本发明，在将电池组从车体上拆下时不需要拆下驾驶席以及副驾驶席，与以往相比能够降低电池组的拆下作业所耗费的工时。

Description

车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及搭载有电池组的车辆。
背景技术
在电动汽车和/或混合动力机动车中，搭载有在内部收置有由锂离子电池和/或镍氢电池等构成的电池的电池组，以驱动电动马达(例如专利文献1)。
在专利文献1中，电池组配置在地板上且配置在沿车宽方向并排设置的驾驶席与副驾驶席之间。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2004-345447号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的问题
但是，在专利文献1中，因为电池组配置在驾驶席与副驾驶席之间，所以在更换电池时和/或车辆报废时进行电池组的拆下作业时，需要拆下驾驶席以及副驾驶席，存在花费作业工时这一问题。
本发明的目的在于提供能够降低电池组的拆下作业所耗费的工时的车辆。
用于解决问题的技术方案
为了解决上述问题，本发明的车辆，(1)是一种具备电池组的车辆，其特征在于，所述电池组配置在比沿车宽方向并排设置的驾驶席 与副驾驶席之间的空间靠车辆前方且比仪表板靠车辆后方的位置，该仪表板设置在所述驾驶席以及所述副驾驶席的车辆前方，并且该电池组在车室内。
根据本发明，电池组配置在比驾驶席与副驾驶席之间的空间靠车辆前方且比仪表板靠车辆后方的位置，所以在将电池组从车体上拆下时不需要拆下驾驶席以及副驾驶席，与以往相比能够相应地降低电池组的拆下作业所耗费的工时。
(2)在上述(1)的结构中，也可以设为：所述驾驶席以及所述副驾驶席能够在相对于车辆的车宽方向垂直相交的车辆前后方向上滑移，所述电池组的车辆前后方向上的后端部位于比处在向车辆后方的最大可动位置的所述驾驶席以及所述副驾驶席中的至少一方的车辆前后方向上的前端部靠车辆前方的位置。
根据该发明，通过在更换电池组时使驾驶席以及副驾驶席中的至少一方移动到向车辆后方的最大可动位置，能够使驾驶席以及副驾驶席中的至少一方位于在从车宽方向观察时与电池组不重叠的位置，能够容易地进行电池组的拆下作业。
(3)在上述(1)或者(2)的结构中，也可以设为：在所述电池组中，在车辆前后方向上的前端部有进气用开口部，所述进气用开口部将对所述电池组内进行冷却的冷却空气导入所述电池组内。
一般地，在仪表板的下方配置有制热制冷空调装置，在空调时，从该制热制冷空调装置朝向坐在驾驶席以及副驾驶席上的乘员、即从制热制冷空调装置朝向仪表板附近送出冷风。因此，在空调时，温度比周围低的空气在仪表板附近滞留。
根据该发明，在电池组的前侧有进气用开口部，所以能够通过进气用开口部将在仪表板附近滞留的低温空气良好地导入电池组内，能够充分地冷却电池。
(4)在上述(1)或者(2)的结构中，也可以设为：在所述电池组的内部收置有连接多个单电池而成的电池，在比所述仪表板靠车辆前后方向上的前侧的位置，搭载有与对从所述电池供给到负载的电力的控制相关的电子设备，用于将所述电池与所述电子设备连接的连接部配置在所述电池组内且配置在比所述电池靠车辆前后方向上的前侧的位置。
根据本发明，连接部处在电池组内且处在电池的前侧，所以与连接部处在电池后侧的情况相比，能够缩短连接电子设备和连接部的电缆。
(5)在上述(1)～(4)中任一项的结构中，也可以设为：控制面板部从所述仪表板延伸到所述驾驶席与所述副驾驶席之间的空间，所述电池组配置在地板上且配置在所述控制面板部的下方。
根据本发明，能够有效地利用控制面板部与地板之间的空间。
附图说明
图1是示出车室内的主要部分的立体图。
图2是示出驾驶席的结构的侧视图。
图3是示出驾驶席以及副驾驶席向后方的最大可动位置的俯视图。
图4是示出电池组的剖面结构还同时示出电池组与仪表板、控制面板部、驾驶席的关系的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面，一边参照附图一边说明本发明涉及的实施方式。
图1是示出车辆100的车室内的主要部分的立体图。在图1中，箭头前表示车辆前后方向上的前侧方向，箭头后表示后侧方向，箭头右表示朝向前侧方向时的右侧方向，箭头左表示朝向前侧方向时的左侧方向，箭头上表示上侧方向。以后，将车辆前后方向上的前侧方向简称为前方，将车辆前后方向上的后侧方向简称为后方。另外，将箭头右方向以及箭头左方向称为车宽方向。
在车辆100中，在电池组2内，如后述那样收置有电池21。车辆100是具有使用该电池21的电力来驱动车辆行驶用马达的驱动路径和包含发动机的驱动路径的混合动力机动车。车辆100也可以是能够从在外部设置的商用电源对电池21进行充电的插电式混合动力机动车。车辆100也可以是仅具有使用电池21的电力来驱动马达的驱动路径的电动汽车。
在车辆100的车室内，在地板1上设置有作为前排座椅(first seat)的驾驶席11。另外，虽然在图1中未图示，但是作为前排座椅的副驾驶席12设置在驾驶席11的左方。
在地板1中，在驾驶席11与副驾驶席12之间设置有地板通道13。地板通道13从地板1向上方鼓出并且沿车辆前后方向延伸。地板通道13在内侧收置沿车辆前后方向延伸的传动轴和/或排气管，并具有降低地板高度的功能。在地板1上，在车宽方向两端，设置有作为车辆100的骨架构件的侧梁14。侧梁14沿车辆前后方向延伸，与车辆前后方向垂直的截面成为闭合截面。
在地板1上，设置有沿车宽方向延伸的横梁15、16。横梁15、16是车辆100的骨架构件，与车宽方向垂直的截面成为闭合截面。横梁15、16与地板通道13相交叉，两端分别与车宽方向两侧的侧梁14接合。横梁15、16在与地板通道13相交的相交部分与地板通道13接合。
在车室内，在前侧且在前窗下，从驾驶席11的前方一直到副驾驶席12的前方设置有沿车宽方向延伸的树脂制等的仪表板31。仪表板31指从驾驶席11的前方一直到副驾驶席12的前方所设置的所有内装零件。
在仪表板31的车宽方向中央部，设置有朝向后方延伸的控制面板部32。在控制面板部32中，设置有接触面板321、按钮322以及变速杆323。乘员通过操作接触面板321以及按钮322，能够操作车辆100所具备的空调等各种辅机。
在车室内在被仪表板31覆盖的仪表板31的内部空间S1中，设置有制热制冷空调装置即HVAC41(Heating，Ventilation，and Air Conditioning，暖通空调)。HVAC41向车室内的各部分输送换气用空气、低温空气以及高温空气。例如，HVAC41朝向坐在驾驶席11以及副驾驶席12上的乘员输送低温的空气A1。
在车辆100的前侧，存在通过未图示的前围板等构件与车室隔开的发动机舱。在发动机舱内设置有发动机和/或马达。另外，在发动机舱内设置有电力控制单元42，其作为与从电池21供给到马达等负载的电力的控制相关的电子设备。电力控制单元42通过电力电缆51与电池组2内的电池电连接。电力控制单元42具备：对电池的电压进行升压的变压器；将直流电压变换为交流电压的变换器；以及控制升压变压器和变换器的ECU(ElectricControl Unit：电子控制单元)。
在这样的车辆100中，电池组2配置在比驾驶席11与副驾驶席12之间的空间S2靠前方且比仪表板31靠后方的位置。例如，电池组2配置在地板通道13上，且配置在控制面板部32下方的空间S3中。在电池组2的后方，配置有能够在内部收置小物件等的树脂制的中央控制台杂物箱43。
图2是示出驾驶席11的结构的侧视图。
驾驶席11具备减振座椅111、能够以下端部为中心转动的座椅靠背112以及滑动机构113。滑动机构113与减振座椅111相对，在车宽方向上设置有一对。
滑动机构113具备：从减振座椅111向下方突出的导轨部114；在地板1上设置的一对座脚115；以及导向部116，其被座脚115支撑并且沿前后方向对导轨部114进行导向。滑动机构113支撑减振座椅111以及座椅靠背112，并且使它们相对于地板1沿前方向以及后方向(且相对于车辆的车宽方向垂直相交的方向)滑移。
图3是示出驾驶席11以及副驾驶席12向后方的最大可动位置的俯视图。
由滑动机构113确定的驾驶席11向后方的最大可动位置是在图3中用双点划线示出的位置。副驾驶席12也具备与驾驶席11同样的结构，可向后方移动到与驾驶席11同样的位置。如在图2以及图3中所示，电池组2配置为后端部201位于比处在向后方的最大可动位置的驾驶席11以及副驾驶席12的前端部117靠前方的位置。
图4是示出电池组2的剖面结构还同时示出电池组2与仪表板31、控制面板部32、驾驶席11的关系的示意图。
电池组2具备电池21、电池罩22、进气导管231、232、排气导管233、通风机24、电池监视单元25、接线盒26(连接部)以及外装壳体27。外装壳体27在内部收置上述各构件。
进气导管231从外装壳体27向前方突出，将外装壳体27的外部和通风机24连通。将处在外装壳体27的外部且处在电池组2的前端部的进气导管231的开口部称作进气用开口部2311。进气用开口部2311配置于仪表板31下并处在能够良好地吸入将从HVAC41朝向坐在驾驶席11以及副驾驶席12上的乘员送出的低温空气的位置。进气导管232将从通风机24送来的空气输送到电池21侧。
排气导管233将收置电池21的电池罩22的内部与外装壳体27的外部连通。排气导管233的一端在外装壳体27外部，突出到比进气用开口部2311靠上方的位置。由此，排气导管233能够将电池21冷却后的高温空气排出到远离乘员的位置。
电池罩22在内部收置电池21。在电池21的下侧与电池罩22之间形成有与进气导管232连通的下方冷却空气通路281，在电池21的上侧与电池罩22之间形成有与排气导管233连通的上方冷却空气通路282。
电池21具备：在直线上排列的多个单电池211；位于相邻的单电池211间的间隔件212；以及端板213，其配置在夹着单电池211以及间隔件212的位置。通过间隔件212与单电池211的外表面抵接，在相邻的单电池211间形成连接冷却空气通路281和282的电池间冷却空气通路283。单电池211可以是锂离子电池、镍氢电池等二次电池或者电容器。另外，单电池211既可以是所谓的棱柱型电池，也可以是圆筒型的电池。另外，单电池211既可以是一个单元电池，也可以是连接多个单元电池而成的电池组件。在此，单元电池意味着能够充放电的最小单位的要素。
通过通风机24送出到电池21侧的空气，在通过下方冷却空气通路281、电池间冷却空气通路283以及上方冷却空气通路282而冷却了电池21后，经由排气导管233被排出到外装壳体27的外部。
接线盒26设置在电池21的前方侧。连接电池21和电力控制单元42的电力电缆51连接于接线盒26。
在本实施方式中，电池组2配置在比驾驶席11与副驾驶席12之间的空间S2靠前方且比仪表板31靠后方的位置，所以在将电池组2从车体拆下时不需要拆下驾驶席11以及副驾驶席12，与以往相比能够相应地降低电池组2的拆下作业所花费的工时。
根据本实施方式，因为电力电缆51所连接的接线盒26处在电池组2内且处在电池21前侧，所以与接线盒26处在电池21后侧的情况相比，能够缩短电力电缆51。
根据本实施方式，电池组2的后端部201处在比处在向后方的最大可动位置的驾驶席11以及副驾驶席12的前端部117靠前方的位置。因此，在本实施方式中，在将电池组2从车体拆下时，通过使驾驶席11以及副驾驶席12移动到向后方的最大可动位置，能够使驾驶席11以及副驾驶席12位于在从车宽方向观察时与电池组2不重叠的位置，能够容易地进行电池组2的更换作业。
根据本实施方式，因为在电池组2的前端部存在进气用开口部2311，所以能够良好地吸入要从HVAC41向仪表板31下方送出的低温空气，能够充分地冷却电池21。
此外，在所述实施方式中，电池组2的后端部201处在比处在向车辆后方的最大可动位置的驾驶席11以及副驾驶席12的双方的前端 部117都靠前方的位置，但是也可以处在比任意一方的前端部117靠前方且比另一方的前端部117靠后方的位置。
在所述实施方式中，电池组2的进气位置(进气导管231从外装壳体27突出的位置)以及排气位置(排气导管233从外装壳体27突出的位置)都处在电池组2的前方，但是只要处在适当的位置即可。例如，电池组2的进气位置既可以处在电池21的后方，也可以处在电池21的侧方。另外，电池组2的进气位置虽然在所述实施方式中处在比排气位置靠下侧的位置，但是也可以处于上侧。
在所述实施方式中，例示了电力控制单元42作为与从电池21供给到负载的电力的控制相关的电子设备。但是，作为电子设备，可以是转换器和/或变换器单体，只要是对输出到作为负载的马达和/或HVAC、音频设备等的电力进行控制的电子设备即可，能够采用适当的元件。
附图标记说明
2…电池组，11…驾驶席，12…副驾驶席，21…电池，
26…连接部(接线盒)，
31…仪表板，32…控制面板部，
42…电子设备(电力控制单元)，100…车辆，
117…驾驶席以及副驾驶席的前端部，
201…电池组的后端部，211…单电池，
2311…进气用开口部，S2…驾驶席与副驾驶席之间的空间。

Claims (3)

1.一种车辆，是具备电池组的车辆，其特征在于，
所述电池组配置在比沿车宽方向并排设置的驾驶席与副驾驶席之间的空间靠车辆前方且比仪表板靠车辆后方的位置，该仪表板设置在所述驾驶席以及所述副驾驶席的车辆前方，并且该电池组在车室内，
控制面板部从所述仪表板延伸到所述驾驶席与所述副驾驶席之间的空间，所述电池组配置在地板上且配置在所述控制面板部的下方，
所述驾驶席以及所述副驾驶席能够在相对于车辆的车宽方向垂直相交的车辆前后方向上滑移，所述电池组的车辆前后方向上的后端部位于比处在向车辆后方的最大可动位置的所述驾驶席以及所述副驾驶席中的至少一方的车辆前后方向上的前端部靠车辆前方的位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其特征在于，
在所述电池组中，在车辆前后方向上的前端部有进气用开口部，所述进气用开口部将对所述电池组内进行冷却的冷却空气导入到所述电池组内。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆，其特征在于，
在所述电池组的内部收置有连接多个单电池而成的电池，
在比所述仪表板靠车辆前后方向上的前侧的位置，搭载有与对从所述电池向负载供给的电力的控制相关的电子设备，
用于将所述电池与所述电子设备连接的连接部配置在所述电池组内且配置在比所述电池靠车辆前后方向上的前侧的位置。
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JP5761369B2 (ja) 2015-08-12
WO2013072962A1 (ja) 2013-05-23
US20140345961A1 (en) 2014-11-27
JPWO2013072962A1 (ja) 2015-04-02
EP2781387A1 (en) 2014-09-24
CN104024012A (zh) 2014-09-03

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