CN104017520B - 萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂及其在锂离子电池负极或超级电容器中的应用 - Google Patents

萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂及其在锂离子电池负极或超级电容器中的应用 Download PDF

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CN104017520B
CN104017520B CN201410229082.7A CN201410229082A CN104017520B CN 104017520 B CN104017520 B CN 104017520B CN 201410229082 A CN201410229082 A CN 201410229082A CN 104017520 B CN104017520 B CN 104017520B
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CN104017520A (zh
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张灵志
仲皓想
唐道平
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SHENZHEN XINCHANGLONG NEW MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
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Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion of CAS
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Abstract

本发明提供了萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂在锂离子电池负极或超级电容器中的应用，所述的萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂是由萜烯树脂乳液和羧甲基纤维素按一定比例配成，萜烯树脂与羧甲基纤维素的质量比为100:1-1:100。所述的含有该萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂构成的锂离子电池负极或超级电容器，其组成的比例为：活性材料:导电剂:(萜烯树脂+羧甲基纤维素)＝70-95:1-20:4-10。本发明采用天然环保的萜烯树脂作为锂离子电池或超级电容器水系粘结剂，能极大提高电池的整体循环稳定性和倍率性能，并能显著降低电池的成本。

Description

萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂及其在锂离子电池负极或超级电容器中的应用
技术领域
本发明属于电化学和新能源材料领域，公开了萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂及其在锂离子电池负极或超级电容器中的应用。
背景技术
在电池或超级电容器制造过程中，均需使用粘结剂将电极活性物质粘结加工。传统的有机溶剂型粘结剂聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)，易吸收电解液而发生溶胀，导致粘结性能下降，不能有效的抑制颗粒在充放电过程中体积的变化。另外，PVDF所利用的有机溶剂虽然具有分散性好的特点，但易挥发、易燃易爆、且毒性大，严重污染大气环境。与有机溶剂型粘合剂相比，水性粘结剂具有无溶剂释放，符合环境要求，成本低，不燃，使用安全等特点，成为锂离子电池粘结剂的重要发展方向。
自从JP5-74461公开采用羧甲基纤维素(CMC)与丁苯橡胶乳液(SBR)混合作为锂离子电池负极材料的水系粘结剂，水系粘结剂目前已经得到了迅速的发展，CMC/SBR水性粘结剂在锂离子电池石墨负极已经商业应用。然而，石墨负极使用CMC/SBR水性粘结剂的商业锂离子电池中，电解液形成固态电解质膜(SolidElectrolyteInterface)阻抗较大，不利于锂离子的脱嵌，影响电池的长期循环性能以及电池的高倍率性能(J.PowerSources,147,249(2005))。最近，US20120088155A1公开了海藻酸盐作为锂离子电池负极材料(主要是硅基负极材料)的水性粘结剂，能显著改善电池的循环稳定性和倍率性能。
萜烯树脂是一系列萜类化合物的总称，是分子式为异戊二烯整数倍的烯烃类化合物。萜烯是一类广泛存在于植物体内的天然来源碳氢化合物，可从许多植物，特别是针叶树得到。除了在植物中大量存在萜类化合物外，在海洋生物体内也提取出了大量的萜类化合物。萜烯树脂具有低气味、无毒、不结晶、耐稀酸稀碱、耐热、耐光、抗老化、粘接力强、高附着力、热稳定性好，相容性和溶解性好等诸多优点。
本发明萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂应用于锂离子电池负极或超级电容器中，能显著提高其高倍率性能和循环稳定性，与目前商业锂离子电池负极水性SBR/CMC粘结剂体系比较，萜烯树脂原料来源广泛，绿色环保，成本低廉。研究开发新型的水系粘结剂，对解决极板浆料的分散性，推动锂离子电池和超级电容器电极板制备的绿色工艺发展，降低生产成本，以及推动电动汽车和新能源产业的发展具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂及其在锂离子电池负极或超级电容器中的应用。本发明的另一目的在于提供采用所述萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂的锂离子电池或超级电容器电极片及其制备方法；最后，本发明还提供了含有所述锂离子电池负极或超级电容器电极片的锂离子电池或超级电容器。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂，包含萜烯树脂乳液和羧甲基纤维素，所述萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂用于锂离子电池负极或超级电容器电极片。所述萜烯树脂乳液为萜烯树脂和高分子表面活性剂乳化而成，本发明所用萜烯树脂乳液可直接购买于市场。
作为本发明所述萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂的优选实施方式，其中萜烯树脂与羧甲基纤维素的质量比为100:1～1:100。
作为本发明所述萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂的优选实施方式，所述萜烯树脂乳液中萜烯树脂的质量浓度为55％。所述的萜烯树脂乳液为粘结剂，所述的羧甲基纤维素作为增稠剂。所述的萜烯树脂乳液的粘度为4000-5000mPa·s。
所述的萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂，适用于作为锂离子电池负极或超级电容器用粘结剂，尤其适用于石墨、活性炭碳材料、硅以及钛酸锂等。
如上所述萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂在锂离子电池负极或超级电容器电极片中的用途。
本发明还提供了锂离子电池负极或超级电容器电极片，所述锂离子电池负极或超级电容器电极片采用如上所述萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂作为粘结剂，且所述锂离子电池负极或超级电容器电极片中活性材料、导电剂和萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂中萜烯树脂与羧甲基纤维素质量比为活性材料：导电剂：(萜烯树脂+羧甲基纤维素)＝70～95:1～20:4～10。
作为本发明所述锂离子电池负极或超级电容器电极片的优选实施方式，所述活性材料为石墨、活性炭、硅或钛酸锂；所述导电剂为乙炔黑。
本发明还提供了如上所述锂离子电池负极或超级电容器电极片的制备方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将活性材料和导电剂混合搅拌至均匀分散；
(2)将萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂中的羧甲基纤维素加入去离子水制成羧甲基纤维素水溶液，然后将制得的羧甲基纤维素水溶液加入到步骤(1)的混合物中，搅拌均匀；
(3)将萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂中的萜烯树脂乳液加到步骤(2)所得的混合物中，再加适量去离子水，搅拌均匀，得到电极浆料；
(4)将步骤(3)制备得到的电极浆料均匀涂覆于Cu箔或Al箔上，充分干燥，即得锂离子电池负极或超级电容器电极片。
优选地，所述步骤(3)中得到的电极浆料的固体含量为30～45％，电极浆料的粘度为2500-4000mPa·s。所述步骤(4)中得到的电极片的干燥条件是80-90℃，恒温真空干燥24-48h。
在锂离子电池负极或超级电容器电极片制备过程中以去离子水作为溶剂来制备电极浆料，其固体含量为30-45％；在制备锂离子电池电极时，烘膜温度为80～90℃。
最后，本发明还提供了含有如上所述的锂离子电池负极或超级电容器电极片组成的的锂离子电池或超级电容器。
上述所述锂离子电池或超级电容器包括电池壳、极芯和电解液，所述的极芯和电解液密封于电池壳内，所述的极芯包括电极和位于电极之间的隔膜，所述电极包括含萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂的电极。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优势：
1)本发明提供的萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂应用于锂离子电池负极或超级电容器，能降低其界面阻抗；
2)本发明提供的萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂在锂离子电池负极或超级电容器中的应用，能较大改善材料的高倍率性能以及电池循环稳定性能；
3)本发明提供的萜烯树脂广泛来源于天然植物，绿色环保，应用于水系粘结剂能显著降低电池的成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1石墨及对比电极在0.2C充放电电流密度下的循环性能测试曲线。
图2为本发明实施例2石墨及对比电极在不同充放电电流密度下的循环性能测试曲线。
图3为本发明实施例3石墨及对比电极在0.2C倍率下阻抗测试对比图。
图4为本发明实施例4石墨及对比电极在1C倍率下阻抗测试对比图。
图5为本发明实施例5硅电极在0.1C充放电电流密度下的首次充放电曲线。
图6为本发明实施例6钛酸锂负极在0.5C电倍率下的循环性能曲线。
图7为本发明实施例7活性炭电极在200mA/g电流密度下的循环稳定性曲线
其中：萜烯树脂简写为TX
具体实施方式
本发明列举出利用萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂制备锂离子电池或超级电容器电极的方法，并将萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂的锂离子电池与其他粘结剂的锂离子电池或超级电容器进行电化学性能的对比测试：
本发明制备锂离子电池或超级电容器电极片的具体步骤为：
(1)将活性材料和导电剂混合搅拌至均匀分散；
(2)将萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂中的羧甲基纤维素加去离子水制成羧甲基纤维素水溶液，然后将制得的羧甲基纤维素水溶液加到步骤(1)的混合物中，搅拌均匀；
(3)将萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂中的萜烯树脂乳液加到步骤(2)所得的混合物中，再加适量去离子水，搅拌均匀，得到电极浆料；
(4)将步骤(3)制备得到的电极浆料均匀涂覆于Cu箔或Al箔上，充分干燥；
(5)将充分干燥过的极片裁片称重后即可装配电池。
本发明具体实施例中所用萜烯树脂乳液购自广州松宝化工有限公司，型号为8218水性萜烯树脂增粘乳液。
实施例1：
一、测试电极的配制：
石墨、导电剂和萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂中萜烯树脂和羧甲基纤维素质量和的质量比为95:1:4。将石墨和导电剂混合搅拌至均匀分散；再将羧甲基纤维素加入去离子水制成羧甲基纤维素水溶液，将制得的羧甲基纤维素水溶液加入上述体系中搅拌均匀；然后将萜烯树脂乳液加到上述所得的混合物中(TX/CMC＝3/2)，再加适量去离子水，搅拌均匀，得到石墨电极浆料(固含量为45％)；将制得的浆料均匀涂覆于Cu箔上，90℃真空干燥，即得石墨负极片。将真空干燥过的极片裁片称重后，将之在手套箱中组装在2025电池壳内，以锂片为对电极，以聚乙烯膜为隔膜，以1MLiPF6EC/DMC/DEC(v/v/v＝1/1)为电解液组装电池进行恒电流充放电测试。
二、对比电极的配制：
利用SBR/CMC作为粘结剂，按同样的方法配制对比电极。
三、电化学测试：
对测试电极、对比电极的充放电循环稳定性进行电化学测试。
四、结果分析：
图1为本实施例测试电极及对比电极在0.2C的充放电电流密度下的循环性能测试曲线，表2为其相应的比容量及首次充放电效率。从表中可以看出，采用TX/CMC作为粘结剂的石墨电极的首次效率为92.2％，高于SBR/CMC的首次效率(91.5％)。此外，采用TX/CMC作为粘结剂制备的石墨电极经过50圈循环，其比容量几乎不衰减，而采用SBR/CMC粘结剂石墨的比容量出现明显的衰减。
表2为采用不同粘结剂制备石墨负极材料的首次效率
粘结剂 石墨首次效率
TX/CMC 92.2
SBR/CMC 91.5％
实施例2：
一、测试电极的配制：
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于，测试电极采用的TX/CMC作为粘结剂，其中TX/CMC＝4:1。
二、对比电极的配制：
同实施例1。
三、电化学测试：
对测试电极、对比电极的充放电循环稳定性、倍率性能进行电化学测试。
四、结果分析：
图2为本实施例测试电极及对比电极在不同充放电电流密度下的循环性能测试曲线。从图中可以看出，采用TX/CMC作为石墨的粘结剂显示良好的高倍率特性。当倍率高于0.5C时，采用TX/CMC作为粘结剂的石墨远高于SBR/CMC。倍率为1C时，采用TX/CMC作为粘结剂制备石墨的比容量为339mAh/g，显著高于采用SBR/CMC粘结剂的石墨比容量(329mAh/g)。
实施例3：
一、测试电极的配制：
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于，测试电极采用的TX/CMC作为粘结剂，其中TX/CMC＝100:1。
二、对比电极的配制：
同实施例1。
三、电化学测试：
对测试电极、对比电极循环3圈后的阻抗测试。
四、结果分析：
图3为本实施例测试电极及对比电极在0.2C倍率下，分别采用TX/CMC和SBR/CMC作为粘结剂，石墨电极循环3圈后的阻抗测试结果。由图可见，采用TX/CMC为粘结剂，石墨电极的阻抗值比SBR/CMC相对减小。
实施例4：
一、测试电极的配制：
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于，测试电极采用TX/CMC作为粘结剂，其中TX/CMC的质量比为1:100。
二、对比电极的配制：
同实施例1。
三、电化学测试：
对测试电极、对比电极循环5圈后的阻抗测试。
四、结果分析：
图4为本实施例测试电极及对比电极在1C倍率下，分别采用TX/CMC和SBR/CMC作为粘结剂，石墨电极循环5圈后的阻抗测试结果。由图可见，采用TX/CMC为粘结剂，石墨电极的阻抗值较之SBR/CMC减小。
实施例5：
一、测试电极的配制：
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于，测试电极也是采用萜烯树脂乳液作为粘结剂，但采用硅(Si)作为活性材料。硅、导电剂和萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂中萜烯树脂和羧甲基纤维素质量和的质量比为70:20:10。将硅粉和导电剂混合搅拌至均匀分散；再将羧甲基纤维素加入去离子水制成羧甲基纤维素水溶液，将制得的羧甲基纤维素水溶液加入上述体系中搅拌均匀；然后将萜烯树脂乳液加到上述所得的混合物中(TX/CMC＝3/2)，再加适量去离子水，搅拌均匀，得到电极浆料(固含量为30％)；将制得的浆料均匀涂覆于Cu箔上，充分干燥，即得硅负极片。将真空干燥过的极片裁片称重后，将之在手套箱中组装在2025电池壳内，以锂片为对电极，以聚乙烯膜为隔膜，以1MLiPF6EC/DMC/DEC(v/v/v＝1/1)为电解液组装电池进行恒电流充放电测试。
二、电化学测试：
对测试电极首次充放电进行测试。
三、结果分析：
图5为本发明实施例Si电极在0.1C充放电电流密度下的首次充放电曲线，其首次效率为80％，首次放电比容量为1800mAh/g。
实施例6：
一、测试电极的配制：
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于，测试电极也是采用萜烯树脂乳液作为粘结剂，但采用钛酸锂(LTO)作为活性材料。钛酸锂、导电剂和萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂中萜烯树脂和羧甲基纤维素的质量和的质量比为80:10:10。将钛酸锂和导电剂混合搅拌至均匀分散；再将羧甲基纤维素加入去离子水制成羧甲基纤维素水溶液，将制得的羧甲基纤维素水溶液加入上述体系中搅拌均匀；然后将萜烯树脂乳液加到上述所得的混合物中(TX/CMC＝3/2)，再加适量去离子水，搅拌均匀，得到钛酸锂电极浆料(固含量为40％)；将制得的浆料均匀涂覆于Al箔上，充分干燥，即得钛酸锂负极片。将真空干燥过的极片裁片称重后，将之在手套箱中组装在2025电池壳内，以锂片为对电极，以聚乙烯膜为隔膜，以1MLiPF6EC/DMC/DEC(v/v/v＝1/1)为电解液组装电池进行恒电流充放电测试。
二、电化学测试：
对测试电极充放电循环稳定性进行测试。
三、结果分析：
图6为本发明实施例钛酸锂电极在0.5C充放电倍率下的循环性能测试。首次效率为84％，经过60圈的循环，容量保持率达到99％。
实施例7：
一、测试电极的配制：
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于，测试电极也是采用萜烯树脂乳液作为粘结剂，但采用活性炭(C)作为活性材料。活性炭、导电剂和萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂中萜烯树脂和羧甲基纤维素的质量和的质量比为85:10:5。将活性炭和导电剂混合搅拌至均匀分散；再将羧甲基纤维素加入去离子水制成羧甲基纤维素水溶液，将制得的羧甲基纤维素水溶液加入上述体系中搅拌均匀；然后将萜烯树脂乳液加到上述所得的混合物中(TX/CMC＝3/2)，再加适量去离子水，搅拌均匀，得到活性炭电极浆料(固含量为40％)；将制得的浆料均匀涂覆于Al箔上，充分干燥，即得活性炭电极片。将真空干燥过的极片裁片称重后，将极片和隔膜放入扣式电池壳中，滴加电解液后封口组装成对称型活性炭超级电容器，进行循环稳定性测试。
二、电化学测试：
测试电极在200mA/g电流密度下的循环稳定性测试。
三、结果分析：
图7为采用TX/CMC粘结剂制备的活性炭电极，在200mA/g电流密度下，(0-2.5V)电压范围内的循环稳定性曲线。首次比电容为110F/g，经过200次的循环，电容保持率达96.9％，该电容器表现出良好的循环稳定性。

Claims (9)

1.萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂，其特征在于，包含萜烯树脂乳液和羧甲基纤维素，所述萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂用于锂离子电池负极或超级电容器电极片；其中萜烯树脂与羧甲基纤维素的质量比为100:1～1:100。
2.如权利要求1所述的萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂，其特征在于，所述萜烯树脂乳液中萜烯树脂的质量浓度为55％，所述萜烯树脂乳液的粘度为4000～5000mPa·s。
3.如权利要求1～2任一所述萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂在锂离子电池负极或超级电容器电极片中的用途。
4.锂离子电池负极或超级电容器电极片，其特征在于，所述锂离子电池负极或超级电容器电极片采用如权利要求1～2任一所述萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂作为粘结剂，且所述锂离子电池负极或超级电容器电极片中活性材料、导电剂和萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂中萜烯树脂与羧甲基纤维素质量比为活性材料：导电剂：(萜烯树脂+羧甲基纤维素)＝70～95:1～20:4～10。
5.如权利要求4所述的锂离子电池负极或超级电容器电极片，其特征在于，所述活性材料为石墨、活性炭、硅或钛酸锂；所述导电剂为乙炔黑。
6.如权利要求4所述锂离子电池负极或超级电容器电极片的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)将活性材料和导电剂混合搅拌至均匀分散；
(2)将萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂中的羧甲基纤维素加入去离子水制成羧甲基纤维素水溶液，然后将制得的羧甲基纤维素水溶液加入到步骤(1)的混合物中，搅拌均匀；
(3)将萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂中的萜烯树脂乳液加到步骤(2)所得的混合物中，再加适量去离子水，搅拌均匀，得到电极浆料；
(4)将步骤(3)制备得到的电极浆料均匀涂覆于Cu箔或Al箔上，充分干燥，即得锂离子电池负极或超级电容器电极片。
7.如权利要求6所述锂离子电池负极或超级电容器电极片的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(3)中得到的电极浆料的固体含量为30～45％，电极浆料的粘度为2500-4000mPa·s。
8.如权利要求6所述的锂离子电池负极或超级电容器电极片的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(4)中得到电极片的干燥条件是80-90℃，恒温真空干燥24-48h。
9.含有如权利要求4～5任一所述锂离子电池负极或超级电容器电极片的锂离子电池或超级电容器。
CN201410229082.7A 2014-05-27 2014-05-27 萜烯树脂基水系粘结剂及其在锂离子电池负极或超级电容器中的应用 Active CN104017520B (zh)

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