CN104014582B - A kind of method utilizing sugar grass to repair caesium contaminated soil - Google Patents
A kind of method utilizing sugar grass to repair caesium contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of sugar grass that utilizes belonging to environment phytoremediation technology field and repair the method for caesium contaminated soil.Sugar grass is planted in being subject in caesium contaminated soil by this technique, aerial part harvesting or entirety is removed by sugar grass, thus reach the object of repairing caesium contaminated soil after maturation.The biomass of energy-source plant sugar grass is high, strong adaptability, and caesium pollutes and do not cause significant impact to the growth of sugar grass, the caesium content that the caesium content that its overground part accumulates accumulates higher than root.The present invention is environmentally friendly, operation and technique simply, convenient management, expense are low, repairing effect good, for effective improvement of radioactive pollution soil provides new selection, may be used for the improvement field of heavy-metal contaminated soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the phytoremediation technology field of environment, be specifically related to a kind of method utilizing crops sugar grass to repair caesium contaminated soil.
Background technology
The extensive use of nuclear technology in many fields such as the energy, scientific research, medical treatment, industry, agricultural, military affairs, traffic, health care brings growing nuclear pollution problem.Great potential threat is there is in these radwastes to environment and public health.Process the difficult problem that these radwastes become global.Long lived nuclides caesium in soil-137 (
137cs) being one of nucleic important in radioactive ash and nuclear fuel waste, 30.17 its half-life, is also one of biologically the most dangerous radionuclide.In soil, the migration velocity of caesium is slow, due to similar with potassium of the same clan, easily absorbed by cropsly enter food chain, thus serious harm human health (what is super. the research that radionuclide shifts from soil to organism. and Chinese radiation hygiene, 2007,16 (4): 501-502; Tang Shirong. lowly in soil-aqueous medium put the biological prosthetic of nucleic pollutant. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002,13 (2): 243-246).
The radionuclide removed in environment is very difficult.For large area low dosage radioactive pollution soil, it is high that low in physical-chemical process process soil-aqueous medium puts nucleic cost, and easily cause secondary pollution, is difficult to operate on the spot.Phytoremediation technology in bioanalysis is the method for a kind of low cost of administering heavy metal pollution of soil, is also effective, likely, the cheap Treatment process repairing radionuclide contamination environment.For physical-chemical process recovery technique, phytoremediation technology be still at present the starting stage (Tang Shirong. lowly in soil-aqueous medium put the biological prosthetic of nucleic pollutant. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002,13 (2): 243-246; Tian Junhua. the phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated with Radionuclides. Sichuan environment, 2007,26 (5): 93-96; Tang Zeping. the phytoremediation that soil radioactivity nucleic pollutes and utilization. Agriculture of Anhui science, 2009,37 (13): 6101-6103).
Domestic carry out in radioactive pollution reparation less, different plant absorption and accumulation Cs ability also different.Have scholar to disclose to utilize red three-coloured amaranth at present, patent of invention (CN102580992A that grey dish, alternanthera philoxeroides etc. repair low concentration caesium (20-40mg/kg) or high-concentration cesium (100-500mg/kg) contaminated soil, CN102580991A, CN101905237A).In the phytoremediation field of contaminated soil, except continuing screening, cultivate and to transform except super enriching plant (biomass is low, growth is slow, be difficult to meet soil remediation actual requirement), screening is large with plantation biomass, grow crops fast comes clean soil, is another important directions that in soil remediation, newly-developed gets up.
Sugar grass is the non-edible crops of a kind of high yield, paid close attention at energy field, in radioactive pollution soil/water pollution control, report is few, has not yet to see the report utilizing crops sugar grass (Sorghum bicolor L.) to repair tropical monsoons marine climate district radioactive pollution soil.Domestic have the report (Huang Renhua utilizing Sorghum halepense (Sorghum haipense) at Mianyang, Sichuan absorption Cs-137, Lu Yunmei, yellow bright .AMF is on Sorghum halepense secretion organic acid and the impact absorbing Cs-137. nuclear agricultural science report 2013, 27 (8): 1203-1208), there is the report (Wu to Cs-133 accumulation utilizing sudangrass Hybrid (Sorghum vulgare × Sorghum vulgare var.sudanensehybrids) to carry out in Shenyang, Liaoning, H., Tang, S., Zhang, X., Guo, J., Song, Z., Tian, S., Smith, D.L., 2009.Using elevatedCO2to increase the biomass of a Sorghum vulgare x Sorghum vulgare var.sudanense hybrid and Trifolium pratense L.and to triggerhyperaccumulation of cesium.J.Hazard.Mater.170, 861-870.), have and utilize Johnson grass (Sorghum halpense L.Persoon) removal news (the harvesting removal 45.5% of 3 seasons) (Entry to Cs-137 in 100 ± 8BqCs-137/kg contaminated soil in greenhouse, J.A., Watrud, L.S., Reeves, M., 2001.Influence of organicamendments on the accumulation of Cs-137and Sr-90from contaminatedsoil by three grass species.Water Air Soil Pollut.126, 385-398.).
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of method utilizing crops sugar grass to repair caesium contaminated soil for tropical monsoons marine climate district, there is lower cost and good environment friendly, the crop growth adopted be quick, biomass greatly, ripe, strong stress resistance more than a year.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of method utilizing sugar grass to repair caesium contaminated soil, its method step is: plant sweet sorghum in the soil containing caesium pollutant and carry out cultivation management, after sugar grass grows to the maturity period, sugar grass overground part is gathered in or its entirety is removed from contaminated soil.
After containing the grown on soil sugar grass of pollutant caesium, sugar grass root can absorb pollutant caesium from caesium contaminated soil, and is transferred to the aerial part (stem, leaf etc.) of sugar grass.After above-mentioned sugar grass entirety is removed from soil, plant a collection of sugar grass again and carry out cultivation management, after sugar grass grows to the maturity period, sugar grass aerial part is gathered in or its entirety is removed from contaminated soil, repeat said process, until the caesium that the caesium content in soil reaches environmental safety standard or thoroughly removes in contaminated soil.According to local climate, soil regime, sugar grass can realize ripe more than a year.Such as, in Hainan, Guangdong, the ground such as Guangxi utilizes its natural conditions to realize three crops per annual.
Preferably utilize sugar grass to repair a method for caesium contaminated soil, in tropical monsoons marine climate district, sugar grass is planted in the soil containing caesium pollutant.
Above-mentioned is 40-400mg/kg containing the concentration of caesium in the soil of caesium pollutant.
The planting patterns of sugar grass is directly sowing or is implanted on the soil containing pollutant caesium by the sugar grass of Seedling Stage.
Above-mentioned cultivation management comprises the whole fine earth earth of leveling, waters, applies fertilizer.
Wherein:
In sugar grass cultivation, according to soil lack of water situation, water, make soil moisture content remain on the 40%-70% of field capacity.
Above-mentioned fertilising refer to containing caesium pollutant soil plant sweet sorghum before basal dressing, and in sugar grass growth course spraying fertilizer.
Above-mentioned base manure is common fertilizer with topdressing.Preferred base manure is Eco-fertilizer, and applied amount is 1kg/25kg soil; Preferably topdress for marine alga support in root liquid manure (1:1000 solution), urea, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer more than one.For the impact that the caesium pollutant in soil grows sugar grass, optionally add corresponding fertilizer, the biomass of sugar grass aerial part can be made to increase, thus improve the recovery rate to caesium in contaminated soil.
Above-mentioned compound potassium sulfate fertilizer is compound potassium sulfate fertilizer that is nitrogenous, each 15wt% of phosphorus, potassium.
Content organic in above-mentioned Eco-fertilizer is greater than 35%, N, the mass fraction of P, K, Ca, Mg is respectively 3.5%, 1%, 1%, 5% and 1%.
According to sugar grass growing state, can also apply agricultural chemicals, this agricultural chemicals is more than one in AVM, thiophanate-methyl.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect: the present invention uses sugar grass to repair caesium contaminated soil (40-400mg/kg soil), this energy-source plant not only has that biomass is high, growth rapidly, growth period short and strong stress resistance advantage, under 100mg Cs/kg pollution condition, growth does not only normally produce any murder by poisoning phenomenon, during the maturity period, the ratio of the caesium content of overground part and root is much larger than 1, there is the super enrichment characteristics of caesium, be suitable for and repair caesium contaminated soil.On the contaminated soil of 400mg/kg caesium, sugar grass growth by impact to a certain extent, but its to the transfer ratio of caesium still much larger than 1, show very strong caesium extractability.Plant restoration method of the present invention operation is with technique is simple, disposal cost is low, convenient management, and not spoiled soil basic structure and character, be applicable to the reparation of large-area caesium contaminated soil, the phytoremediation for caesium contaminated soil provides new selection.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail, but content not thereby limiting the invention.
Following embodiment adopts outdoor potted plant method to plant sweet sorghum, and the crops sugar grass chosen is conventional kind, can also adopt other planting patterns and sugar grass kind in application process.
Fertilizer and pesticide in following embodiment is all buied by the commercial sources of routine.
In embodiment 1. pot experiment, each organ of sugar grass is to the absorbability of caesium
Pot experiment place is in farm, Compounds in Dongfang City of Hainan Province.Not having pollution sources around test site, is the uncontaminated district of heavy metal.Dongfang Shi is positioned at the west and south, Hainan Province, east longitude 108 ° 37 ' to 109 ° 07 ', north latitude 18 ° 43 ' to 19 ° 18 ', east tropical monsoons marine climate directly under the jurisdiction of a municipal government, and sunshine is sufficient, average temperature of the whole year 25 DEG C.1 monthly mean temperature 18.4 DEG C, Annual lowest climate temperature 1.4 DEG C.7 monthly mean temperatures 29 DEG C, Extreme Maximum Temperature is 38.8 DEG C.Average annual rainfall about 1100 millimeters, average year sunshine time about 2500 hours.The soil property of this area's soil is mainly sandy soil, and pot experiment soil used picks up from endosexine, farm, Dongfang Shi soil, and the physicochemical property of soil is as follows:
Table 1 is for examination soil physico-chemical property
In the wild field carry out radionuclide test there is very large insecurity, and due to stable isotope and radio isotope, because atom proton number is identical, belong to a kind of element, except radioactivity difference, the two chemical property is identical, therefore in scientific research, researchers usually use stable isotope to carry out related science test, such as, with caesium-133 (
133cs) replace
137cs.
Sugar grass adopts flowerpot open-air rearing, investigates the accumulation of sugar grass to caesium under different caesium level of pollution.By for experiment soil natural air-dry, smash to pieces, impurities removing, after sieving, stand-by.CsCl being diluted finite concentration and mixes with a certain amount of soil makes Cs concentration in soil reach 40-400mg/kg.
Meanwhile, in soil, add base manure, can select common fertilizer, preferred Eco-fertilizer, further in preferred Eco-fertilizer, organic content is greater than 35%, N, the mass fraction of P, K, Ca, Mg is respectively 3.5%, 1%, 1%, 5% and 1%.Stir after fertilising, pack balance and stability is after 1 month, and the flowerpot putting into model respectively consistent is for subsequent use.1 blank (not adding caesium) is set, and 3 Duplicate Samples are set respectively.
First carry out sugar grass nursery, the sugar grass of Seedling Stage is transplanted in flowerpot, or sweet sorghum seed is directly sowed in flowerpot, cultivate.Nurturing period, unified to water depending on soil moisture content, spraying fertilizer, applying agricultural chemicals, preferably marine alga of wherein topdressing support root liquid manure (1:1000 solution), urea, containing a kind of in the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of N, P, K each 15% or their combination fertile.Meanwhile, the growing state according to sugar grass is optionally gone and buy Chinese medicine, and uses AVM, thiophanate-methyl etc.And make soil moisture content remain on the 40%-70% of field capacity, until sugar grass is ripe, sugar grass maturation needs about 3 months, then gathers in.
Plant pot experiment obtained is divided into root, stem, leaf 3 parts.Stem, leaf successively use running water, deionized water rinsing clean, and segmentation is placed on 105 DEG C of 15min that complete in baking oven, then dries to constant weight at 60-80 DEG C, weighs stem, leaf dry weight.After sugar grass root running water cleans 2 times, soak 15 minutes with 20mmol/L EDTA-2Na, then clean by deionized water, after being placed in baking oven 105 DEG C of 15min that complete, drying at 60-80 DEG C to constant weight, obtain root dry weight.The stem of drying, leaf, root are respectively with swing, and plasma mass spectrograph measures content of beary metal wherein, utilizes SPSS software to carry out data statistic analysis.In sugar grass root, stem, leaf, the content of caesium is as shown in table 2.
Under table 2 different caesium level of pollution, each organ of sugar grass is to the uptake (mg/kg) of Cs
Sugar grass can Cs preferably in Enriching soil, and the Cs in soil can be transferred to plant shoot by root, particularly cane part and leaf part.Sugar grass overground part caesium content, particularly in stem caesium content apparently higher than caesium content in root, namely sugar grass to the transfer ratio of caesium much larger than 1, therefore, sugar grass is suitable for the plant extraction technology governance caesium contaminated soil utilized in phytoremediation technology, removes the object that namely sugar grass can reach rehabilitating soil after the maturity period by cutting aerial part or entirety.
In addition, after sugar grass entirety is removed from contaminated soil, can repeat according to actual needs to plant sweet sorghum and repeatedly repair, until the caesium that the caesium content in soil reaches environmental safety standard or thoroughly removes in contaminated soil.
Embodiment 2. sugar grass is to the enrichment characteristics of caesium in soil
Plantation, sampling and analyzing step are with embodiment 1.But caesium level of pollution is set to 100mgCs/kg and 400mg Cs/kg, gathers in the crops sugar grass when maturation, after segmentation, obtain overground part, the caesium content respectively in survey calculation overground part, underground part and soil.
Result shows, sugar grass overground part caesium accumulation reaches more than 758mg/kg, and root is only 336mg/kg, and transfer ratio (ratio of overground part and root caesium content) reaches more than 2.0, much larger than 1.Meanwhile, the caesium concentration of overground part accumulation is higher than caesium concentration in soil, and namely the concentration coefficient ratio of caesium content (in overground part and the soil), much larger than 1, reaches 6.4.
It can thus be appreciated that under caesium level of pollution is 100-400mg/kg condition, the accumulation of sugar grass to the pollutant caesium in soil shows higher ability, there is very strong Cs transfer, extractability, show the super enrichment characteristics of caesium.And according to bibliographical information, red three-coloured amaranth is under 13.3 ~ 665mg Cs/kg contaminated soil condition, the transfer ratio of red three-coloured amaranth to Cs is approximately 0.17-1.72 (CN101905237A).Obviously, sugar grass has stronger enriched character to Cs, proves that high yield sugar grass is repaired caesium contaminated soil and has larger potentiality and advantage compared to existing plant.
Table 3 sugar grass is to the transfer ratio of Cs and concentration coefficient
The upgrowth situation (plant height) of embodiment 3. sugar grass on caesium contaminated soil
By sweet sorghum seed rudiment in nursery, nursery, the seedling selecting growing way consistent after growing 3 leaves is transplanted in flowerpot at random to be cultivated, and caesium level of pollution is set to 40mgCs/kg, and other plantation step is as embodiment 1.Measure the height of sugar grass when growth 57 days, result is as shown in table 4.In 40mg Cs/kg contaminated soil, the growth of sugar grass is substantially unaffected, and its plant height is even higher than contrast sugar grass.
The height (cm) of table 4 sugar grass under 40mg Cs/kg caesium level of pollution
The upgrowth situation (plant height) of embodiment 4. sugar grass on caesium contaminated soil
Planting sweet sorghum containing on the contaminated soil of 100mg/kg, 400mg/kg caesium, concrete plantation step is with embodiment 1.The results when sugar grass is ripe, measure its plant height with chi, under different caesium level of pollution, the growing height of sugar grass is in table 5.
Result shows, even if on the high-concentration cesium contaminated soil of 100mg Cs/kg, sugar grass also can normal growth, and plant height is even higher than control group.When in soil, caesium level of pollution reaches 400mg Cs/kg, sugar grass growth is by suppression to a certain extent, and plant height reduces by 32%.
According to the data of embodiment 3 and embodiment 4, prove that sugar grass has good anti-adversity to caesium contaminated soil, be suitable for repairing caesium contaminated soil.When caesium level of pollution is at 40-100mgCs/kg, sugar grass growth is unaffected.Under high pollution condition, sugar grass growth is by suppression to a certain extent, and plant height reduces about 1/3.
The growing height (cm) of sugar grass under the different caesium level of pollution of table 5
The upgrowth situation (biomass) of embodiment 5. sugar grass on caesium contaminated soil
Planting sweet sorghum containing on the contaminated soil of 100mg/kg, 400mg/kg caesium, concrete plantation step is with embodiment 1.The overground part of results sugar grass when sugar grass is ripe, and split the position such as cane, leaf, weigh with scale cane weight in wet base, dry weight etc., and concrete outcome is as shown in table 6.
Result shows, when caesium level of pollution is at 100mg Cs/kg, sugar grass energy normal growth, and its biomass is higher by 16.6% than the sugar grass in contrast soil, the caesium pollutant showing under this level of pollution in soil even can promote sugar grass to grow but not remarkable.Therefore, sugar grass caesium level of pollution be 100mg Cs/kg soil higher time still can normal growth, the impact of not contaminated thing caesium.But when Cs is up to 400mg Cs/kg soil, biomass significantly reduces, be only 20% of contrast sugar grass biomass.Document
Cane dry weight (g) of sugar grass under the different caesium level of pollution of table 6
Embodiment 6. sugar grass is to the removal amount of caesium
In the contaminated soil containing 100mg/kg and 400mg/kg caesium, every square metre of plantation 12 sugar grasses, implantation methods is with embodiment 1.Wherein, on 100mg Cs/kg soil, sugar grass is 10.21kg Cs/ha to the removal amount of caesium, is equivalent to 1021mg Cs/m
2; And plant on 400mg Cs/kg contaminated soil, the removal amount of caesium is only 6.95kg Cs/ha, is equivalent to 695mg Cs/m
2.
According to bibliographical information, alternanthera philoxeroides, to the removal amount of Cs, in 500mg Cs/kg contaminated soil, approximately removes 533-554mg Cs/m
2; In 300mg Cs/kg soil, the removal amount of caesium is approximately 353-293mg Cs/m
2; In 100mg Cs/kg soil, caesium removal amount is about 115-163mg Cs/m
2(CN102580992A).Grey dish 100,300, in the contaminated soil of 500mg Cs/kg, the removal amount of caesium is respectively 202-248,605-706,932-956mg Cs/m
2(CN102580991A).Sugar grass unit are is to the elimination effect of caesium, 100mg/kg contaminated soil is better than the achievement of prior art, but on 400mg/kg contaminated soil, when although plant height only reduces by 1/3, but its biomass significantly reduces, cause the repairing effect of sugar grass under high concentration Cs pollution condition to decline to some extent, but still be not less than effect of the prior art.
In sum, sugar grass has very strong tolerance to caesium pollutant, and its concentration coefficient and transfer ratio are all better than prior art, has the potentiality of repairing caesium contaminated soil, the reparation of suitable large area low contamination levels caesium contaminated soil.
Claims (9)
1. the method utilizing crops sugar grass to repair caesium contaminated soil, it is characterized in that, sugar grass to be planted in the soil containing caesium pollutant and to carry out cultivation management, after sugar grass grows to the maturity period, by the harvesting of sugar grass aerial part or its entirety is removed from contaminated soil;
Described is 40-400mg/kg containing the concentration of caesium in the soil of caesium pollutant;
Described sugar grass is greater than 1 to containing the transfer ratio of caesium in the soil of caesium pollutant, and concentration coefficient is greater than 1; Wherein, described transfer ratio is the ratio of sugar grass overground part and root caesium content, and described concentration coefficient is the ratio of caesium content in sugar grass overground part and soil.
2. the method utilizing crops sugar grass to repair caesium contaminated soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, after described sugar grass entirety is removed from contaminated soil, plant a collection of sugar grass again and carry out cultivation management, after sugar grass grows to the maturity period, sugar grass aerial part is gathered in or its entirety is removed from contaminated soil; Repeat said process, until the caesium that the caesium content in soil reaches environmental safety standard or thoroughly removes in contaminated soil.
3. the method utilizing crops sugar grass to repair caesium contaminated soil according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, in tropical monsoons marine climate district, be planted in by sugar grass in the soil containing caesium pollutant.
4. the method utilizing crops sugar grass to repair caesium contaminated soil according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the planting patterns of sugar grass is directly sowing or is implanted on the soil containing pollutant caesium by the sugar grass of Seedling Stage.
5. the method utilizing crops sugar grass to repair caesium contaminated soil according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described cultivation management comprises leveling whole fine earth earth, sterilizing, waters and apply fertilizer.
6. the method utilizing crops sugar grass to repair caesium contaminated soil according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in sugar grass cultivation, water according to soil lack of water situation, make soil moisture content remain on the 40%-70% of field capacity.
7. the method utilizing crops sugar grass to repair caesium contaminated soil according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described fertilising refers to basal dressing before planting sweet sorghum containing caesium pollutant soil, and in sugar grass growth course spraying fertilizer.
8. the method utilizing crops sugar grass to repair caesium contaminated soil according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described base manure is Eco-fertilizer; Described topdress for marine alga support in root liquid manure, urea, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer more than one.
9. the method utilizing crops sugar grass to repair caesium contaminated soil according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, content organic in described Eco-fertilizer is greater than 35%, N, the mass fraction of P, K, Ca, Mg is respectively 3.5%, 1%, 1%, 5% and 1%.
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| CN105170643A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-12-23 | 四川师范大学 | Method of using brassica juncea for restoring soil contaminated with cesium |
| CN105532227A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-05-04 | 新疆农业科学院生物质能源研究所 | Sweet-sorghum field planting method for remedying Cd, Pb and Cr compound contaminated soil |
| CN106269849A (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-01-04 | 北京新源环境有限公司 | A kind of plant bionic and the method for plant combined repairing polluted soil |
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| CN113477704A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-10-08 | 西南科技大学 | Method for repairing cesium-polluted soil by combination of pasture, pasture and microorganisms |
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