CN102580991A - Method for utilizing chenopdium album L to restore soil polluted by high-concentration cesium - Google Patents
Method for utilizing chenopdium album L to restore soil polluted by high-concentration cesium Download PDFInfo
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- CN102580991A CN102580991A CN2012100564823A CN201210056482A CN102580991A CN 102580991 A CN102580991 A CN 102580991A CN 2012100564823 A CN2012100564823 A CN 2012100564823A CN 201210056482 A CN201210056482 A CN 201210056482A CN 102580991 A CN102580991 A CN 102580991A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for utilizing chenopdium album L to restore the soil polluted by high-concentration cesium. The method comprises the steps of flattening and refining the polluted soil, applying 2200-3000kg of thoroughly decomposed excreta of people and animals for each 666.7M<2>, and taking the thoroughly decomposed excreta of people and animals as base fertilizers, planting the chenopdium album L in March to August every year, sowing 100-150g of seeds for each 666.7M<2>, blending fine soils, and sowing uniformly; then keeping 50%-70% of water holding capacity in soil field so as to promote germination and seedling; using a herbicide to removing other plants before the sowing in bare places so as to avoid overshadowing; when the height of the seedling is 50-60cm, harvesting the overground parts, and processing the overground parts intensively; and cleaning the harvesting fields, sowing again, managing and harvesting the chenopdium album L according to the method, thus harvesting the chenopdium album L for three times in one year. According to the method, the operation is simple, the management is convenient, the cost is low and the restoring effect is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to contaminated soil regeneration, be specifically related to utilize the method for phytoremediation contaminated soil.
Background technology
The radionuclide that nuclear test or nuclear accident discharge receives extensive concern as the topmost potential nuclear pollution thing of environment, and under the prerequisite that the optimization of cost interests is analyzed, the bioremediation technology of radionuclide contamination soil becomes hot research in recent years.Existing research shows that most plants is very low to the absorption of radionuclide; So the screening plantation have the plant of higher accumulation ability to radioactive nucleus; Making it the radionuclide in the soil is removed effectively, is one of effective ways that polluted soil carried out biological restoration.The most common radioactive pollutant comprises radionuclide
238U,
40K,
226Ra,
210Po,
131I,
90Sr,
89Sr,
137Cs etc., wherein especially with
137Cs,
90Sr is the most general.Can reach the purpose of removing nucleic, reparation or administering environment through the radioactive pollution phytoremediation technology.
Radioactivity property nucleic continues to increase the potential hazard of nuclear pollution in extensive applications such as industry, agricultural, medical treatment, scientific researches, the especially development of nuclear power station, and nuclear leakage, nuclear explosion occurrence frequency constantly increase.Radioactive nucleus pollutes serious to environmental hazards such as soil, biologies, and lasting period is longer.The radioactive ray of nucleic can directly be detrimental to health, radioactive fallout by plant absorbing after, also can pass through the food chain amplification, get into human body with higher concentration, will produce harm when human body reaches doses.
Nuclear pollution harm is very big, and the large clearing of nuclear pollution is a global problem, and each state has obtained some effects all in the method for seeking to remove nuclear pollution.The employing method has at present: physics method, chemical method, physical-chemical logotype method; Microorganism is removed method, flushing with clean water, the native decontamination method of shovel, ploughs deeply arable land method, forest repairing method etc., and these method costs are higher; Be prone to environment is caused secondary pollution, can not fundamentally solve nucleic and remove problem.Though the forest repairing method can large tracts of land repairing polluted soil, require the nucleic pollution concentration can not be too high, its application has received considerable restraint.[watchtower China, Zhou Congzhi etc. the harm of nuclear pollution and removal method [J] thereof. Logistics Engineering College's journal, 2007, (1): 154～157].
Phytoremediation technology is exactly to utilize root system of plant to absorb the process absorption of moisture and nutrient, the radionuclide in the environment of transferring the pollution (like soil and water), reaches a kind of environmental improvement technology of removing nucleic, repairing the medium purpose.According to repair mechanisms and process, phytoremediation technology can be divided into that plant extract, plant stability, rhizosphere are filtered and four types of phytovolatilizations.The research of plant extract is more relatively, and some engineering tests are also arranged.Plant extract is to utilize the hyperaccumulative plant of certain radionuclide; With nucleic absorption, enrichment in the soil and be transported to above-ground organs; Harvesting plant above-ground organs focus on, and plant and gather in this kind of plant continuously, can make that the content of radionuclide is reduced to acceptable level in the soil.
Because of the insecurity of field radionuclide test is very big, the absorption and the enrichment of stable isotope are predicted that plant is the most frequently used screening rehabilitation plant method to the absorption and the enrichment of radionuclide according to plant.Different plant absorbing are different with the ability of accumulation Cs.Broadley etc. (1997) with 30 kind of plant at 0.1ug Csg
-1Handled 6 hours in the soil; The content of finding different plant Cs differs 20 times; Accumulation differs 100 times of (Broadley M R; Willey N J. DIFFERENCES IN ROOT UPTAKE OF RADIOCAESIUM BY 30 PLANT TAXA.Environmental Pollution, 1997,97 (2): 11-15).After the Qie Er of former Soviet Union Baily nuclear accident, people are in surrounding area cherry, peach, pears, the apple
137Cs measures and shows, in the leaf
137Cs content is relevant with the interdiction capability of leaves of plants, and the transfer among the Ye Xiangguo more relevant (Scott A, Silva S. Foliar absorption and leaf-fruit transfer of with the genetic characteristics of kind and kind
137Cs in fruit trees.Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 1992,16 (2): 97-108).Zhu Yongyi etc. (1985) show that to the research of spring wheat and rape crop leaf is right
137Cs absorbs strong, and is right
90Sr absorbs seldom; On the contrary, crop root is right
90The Sr uptake is big, and is right
137Cs is very difficult to be absorbed (Zhu Yongyi, Qiu Tongcai. spring wheat and rape are through Foliage Absorption
90Sr,
137Cs with
144The research of Ce. atomic energy agricultural use, 1985, (2): 44-48), explain that plant have differing absorption mechanism to different IPs.(arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of 0～20cm) caesium content is 8.24mgCs kg to China's topsoil
-1Soil (China Environmental Monitoring General Station. the Chinese soil background values of elements. the China Environmental Science Press, 1990:87).The concentration of research caesium pollution is lower at present, generally at 20～40mgCs kg
-1Soil (wangdan etc., patent announcement number: CN101905237A (2010.12.08; The side's of news equality. sudangrass is right
133Cs with
88Sr coerces response and absorption and accumulation The Characteristics. radiation research and radiation process journal, 2009,27 (4): 212-217); Almost plant life and growth there are not much threats; And under serious nuclear accident, nuclear pollution dense, serious threat plant life and growth.Therefore, research and screening plant in high concentration nuclear pollution soil can provide technical method for the repairing and treating of serious nuclear accident contaminated soil environment to absorption and the enrichment and the repairing effect thereof of caesium.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art; Through the grey dish of plantation super enriching plant, the high soil (100～500mgCskg of the grey dish repairing and treating of utilization caesium pollution concentration that a kind of biomass is big, improvement speed is fast, cost is low, effective is provided
-1Soil) method.
Content of the present invention is: a kind of method of utilizing plant ass ash dish to repair the high soil of caesium pollution concentration; It is characterized in that: in the high soil of caesium pollution concentration, plant grey dish and carry out cultivation management; When the grey dish height of seedling of ash 50～60cm; Divide harvesting with plant shoot, from contaminated soil, remove and focus on; When contaminated soil need repeatedly be repaired, can carry out the 2nd sowing first after the harvesting, can plant and gather in 3 times in 1 year.
In the content of the present invention: the sowing time of planting grey dish is 3 annual～August, and application rate is every 666.7M
2100～150 grams are mixed fine earth and are broadcasted sowing; Described cultivation management comprises the preceding other plant of removing of bare place sowing, the whole fine earth earth of leveling, and low-lying geographical ditch water discharge, water in the nonirrigated farmland, the preceding basal dressing of sowing; Remove other plant before the said bare place sowing, be meant bare place preceding 2 weeks of sowing, every 667m
2Spray the removing other plant with 10% glyphosate (widely used herbicide on the agricultural) aqua, 400～700 grams, avoid sheltering from heat or light; Said base manure is the people's animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and amount of application is every 667m
22000～3000 kilograms, add 3000 kilograms of dilutions of water, the soil to be sowed of splashing; Grey dish drought resistance is stronger, but like the high concentration caesium contaminated soil of water-retaining quantity among field of soil * 50%, sprinkles water to water-retaining quantity among field of soil 50%～70% to emerge with stratification; Like the high concentration caesium contaminated soil of hypsography low-lying, soil will be managed ditch water discharge before the sowing, avoids accumulated water to rot seedling; Described focusing on is that the grey dish of harvesting is concentrated rotten, and burn dry back, further adopts prior art recovery caesium or direct landfill disposal to the caesium in the ash content.
Grey dish (formal name used at school
Chenopodium albumLinn) be Chenopodiaceae (
Chenopodiaceae) Chenopodium (C
Henopodium) the annual herb plant.Wastelands such as hillside, rand, roadside are born in happiness, also are common upland weedses.Grey dish adaptability is strong, the drought resisting high-output stress-resistance, and disease and pest is few, and seed is many, and breeding potential is high and tiny, fast growth, 3～11 monthly growths.
137Cs is water miscible long-service-life metal nucleic, and is close with the chemical behavior of nutrient K, has important ecological significance, radionuclide
137The accumulator plant of Cs and hyperaccumulative plant mainly are distributed in Amaranthaceae (Amaranthaceae), Chenopodiaceae (chenopodiceae) and the composite family (compositae).
The present invention has following characteristics and beneficial effect:
The present invention be the inventor on the basis of experimental study, from numerous plants, filter out a kind of at the high soil (100～500mgCskg of caesium pollution concentration
-1Soil) in; The normal germination and emergence of ability, fast growth, high, anti-ability and the strong caesium super enriching plant-grey dish of fertility of coercing of biological yield; The cultivation management method of employing science; The grey colza of ash is implanted in receives in the high soil of caesium pollution concentration, absorb and enrichment the pollution problem that can solve caesium in the soil effectively through the grey dish of ash;
Adopt the present invention, less energy consumption, low, simple to operate, the convenient management of expense; Quantities is little, does not destroy soil texture and physicochemical property, when repairing the caesium contaminated soil, has afforested environment, and practical, repairing effect is good.
The specific embodiment
Method of operating given below and embodiment intend the present invention are described further; But can not understand is the restriction to protection domain of the present invention; The technical staff in this field to some nonessential improvement and adjustment that the present invention makes, still belongs to protection scope of the present invention according to the content of the invention described above.
Method of operating:
Collect grey colza of wild ash 10～November;
At soil such as contaminated hillside, wasteland, lands for growing field crops; The soil leveling is whole thin, and people's animal manure adds 3000 kilograms of dilutions of water, the soil to be sowed of splashing for 2000～3000 kilograms every mu with becoming thoroughly decomposed; Broadcast grey colza 100～150 grams for every mu; Because of seed is tiny, need mix the fine earth uniform broadcasting, 3～August of sowing time;
Bare place preceding 2 weeks of sowing, every 666.7M
2Spray the removing other plant with 10% gyphosate solution, 400～700 grams, avoid sheltering from heat or light.Grey dish drought resistance is stronger, but very dried like soil, sprinkles water to water-retaining quantity among field of soil 50%～70% stratification to emerge; Like hypsography low-lying, soil will be managed ditch water discharge before the sowing, avoids accumulated water to rot seedling;
grey dish is grown very fast, and packing was handled after the back height of seedling 50～60cm harvesting aerial part of emerging was concentrated rot decomposition, drying and incinerating;
cleaning harvesting place; Sow, manage and gather in grey dish once more according to preceding method, can plant receipts 3 times in 1 year; It is higher that the grey dish of
harvesting contains caesium, do not do vegetables, feed use.
Embodiment 1 grey dish is 500mgCskg to the caesium pollution concentration
-1
The absorption and the enrichment of the soil caesium of soil
Test soil caesium contaminant capacity is 500mgCskg
-1Soil, (Massas I, Skarlou V, Haidouti C. after 8 weeks of caesium pollution
134Cs uptake by four plant species and Cs – K relations in the soil – plant system as affected by Ca (OH)
2Application to an acid soil [J]. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2010,101:250 – 257.), grey dish is in sowing on May 1,1 all final singlings after emerging, every basin 10 strains.Keep soil moisture 50%～70%.In bu above and below ground results in July 23, measure above and below ground dry weight and caesium content respectively.According to preceding method,,, measure above and below ground dry weight and caesium content respectively in bu above and below ground results in October 3 in August 2 the 2nd sowing and management.
The result shows that at the high soil of caesium pollution concentration, grey dish does not have death, and plant strain growth is more normal, and growing way is better.The 1st harvesting top, grey vegetable plot caesium content 13.03 mg/gDW, every square metre of aerial part is removed caesium 956mg; The 2nd harvesting overground part content 11.25 mg/gDW, every square metre of aerial part is removed caesium 932mg.
Other people research (wangdan, Zhang Xiaoxue etc., patent announcement number: show that CN101905237A (2010.12.08)) red three-coloured amaranth is removed the effect of caesium in low concentration caesium contaminated soil fine.This research shows, at 500mgkg
-1The high concentration caesium of soil pollutes down, and grey dish is removed the effective of caesium, and the removing effect of unit are is superior to the prior art achievement.
Embodiment 2 grey dishes are 300mgCskg to the caesium pollution concentration
-1
The absorption and the enrichment of caesium in the soil of soil
Test soil caesium contaminant capacity is 300mgSrkg
-1Soil, (Massas I, Skarlou V, Haidouti C. after 8 weeks of caesium pollution
134Cs uptake by four plant species and Cs – K relations in the soil – plant system as affected by Ca (OH)
2Application to an acid soil [J]. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2010,101:250 – 257.); Grey dish was sowed March 20; 1 all final singlings after emerging, every basin 10 strains keep soil moisture 50%～70%.In above and below ground results in 11 minutes June, measure above and below ground dry weight and caesium content respectively.According to preceding method, June 15 the 2nd sowing and management in bu above and below ground results in Augusts 8, measured above and below ground dry weight and caesium content respectively; August 11 the 3rd sowing and management in bu above and below ground results in October 12, measured above and below ground dry weight and caesium content respectively.
The result shows that at the high soil of caesium pollution concentration, grey dish plant strain growth is normal, grows fine.The 1st harvesting top, grey vegetable plot caesium content 9.11 mg/gDW, every square metre of aerial part is removed caesium 706mg; The 2nd harvesting overground part content 8.32 mg/gDW, every square metre of aerial part is removed caesium 687mg; The 3rd harvesting overground part content 7.44 mg/gDW, every square metre of aerial part is removed caesium 605mg.
Other people research (wangdan, Zhang Xiaoxue etc., patent announcement number: show that CN101905237A (2010.12.08)) red three-coloured amaranth is removed the effect of caesium in low concentration caesium contaminated soil fine.This research shows, at 300mgkg
-1The high concentration caesium of soil pollutes down, and grey dish is removed the effective of caesium, and the removing effect of unit are is superior to the prior art achievement.
Embodiment 3 grey dishes are 100mgCskg to the caesium pollution concentration
-1
The absorption and the enrichment of caesium in the soil of soil
Test soil caesium contaminant capacity is 100mg Cs kg
-1Soil, (Massas I, Skarlou V, Haidouti C. after 8 weeks of caesium pollution
134Cs uptake by four plant species and Cs – K relations in the soil – plant system as affected by Ca (OH)
2Application to an acid soil [J]. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2010,101:250 – 257.); Grey dish was sowed April 15; 1 all final singlings after emerging, every basin 10 strains keep soil moisture 50%～70%.In bu above and below ground results in June 26, measure above and below ground dry weight and caesium content respectively.According to preceding method, June 28 the 2nd sowing and management in bu above and below ground results in Augusts 16, measured above and below ground dry weight and caesium content respectively; August 20 the 3rd sowing and management in bu above and below ground results in October 26, measured above and below ground dry weight and caesium content respectively.
The result shows that in high concentration caesium contaminated soil, grey dish plant strain growth is normal, grows fine.The 1st harvesting top, grey vegetable plot caesium content 3.23 mg/gDW, every square metre of aerial part is removed caesium 248mg; The 2nd harvesting overground part content 3.01 mg/gDW, every square metre of aerial part is removed caesium 249mg; The 3rd harvesting overground part content 2.46 mg/gDW, every square metre of aerial part is removed caesium 202mg.
Other people research (wangdan, Zhang Xiaoxue etc., patent announcement number: show that CN101905237A (2010.12.08)) red three-coloured amaranth is removed the effect of caesium in low concentration caesium contaminated soil fine.This research shows, is 100mgkg in the caesium pollution concentration
-1Under the situation of soil, grey dish is removed the effective of caesium, and the removing effect of unit are is superior to the prior art achievement.
Claims (8)
1. a method of utilizing grey dish to repair high concentration caesium contaminated soil is characterized in that: in high concentration caesium contaminated soil, plant grey dish and carry out cultivation management; When the grey dish height of seedling of ash 50～60cm, divide harvesting with plant shoot, from contaminated soil, remove and focus on.
2. the method that the grey dish of utilization according to claim 1 is repaired high concentration caesium contaminated soil; It is characterized in that, when contaminated soil need repeatedly be repaired, carry out the 2nd sowing first after the harvesting; When the grey dish height of seedling of ash 50～60cm, divide harvesting with plant shoot; Can plant and gather in 3 times in 1 year.
3. the method that the grey dish of utilization according to claim 1 is repaired high concentration caesium contaminated soil is characterized in that, the sowing time of planting grey dish is 3 annual～August; Application rate is every 667M
2100～150 grams; Mixing fine earth broadcasts sowing.
4. the method for the grey dish repairing and treating of utilization according to claim 1 high concentration caesium contaminated soil is characterized in that, said cultivation management comprises the preceding other plant of removing of bare place sowing; The whole fine earth earth of leveling; Low-lying geographical ditch water discharge; Water in the nonirrigated farmland; Basal dressing before the sowing.
5. the method for the grey dish repairing and treating of utilization according to claim 4 high concentration caesium contaminated soil; It is characterized in that, remove other plant before the said bare place sowing, be meant bare place preceding 2 weeks of sowing; Every mu of usefulness 10% gyphosate solution 400～700 grams spray and remove other plant, avoid sheltering from heat or light.
6. the method for the grey dish repairing and treating of utilization according to claim 4 high concentration caesium contaminated soil is characterized in that described base manure is the people's animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed; Amount of application is 2000～3000 kilograms every mu.
7. the method for the grey dish repairing and treating of utilization according to claim 4 high concentration caesium contaminated soil is characterized in that, to the high concentration caesium contaminated soil of water-retaining quantity among field of soil＜50%, sprinkles water to water-retaining quantity among field of soil 50%～70% and emerges with stratification; To the high concentration caesium contaminated soil of hypsography low-lying, soil will be managed ditch before the sowing, avoids accumulated water.
8. the method that the grey dish of utilization according to claim 1 is repaired high concentration caesium contaminated soil is characterized in that, described focusing on is the grey dish of harvesting to be concentrated rot; Burn dry back; Further adopt routine techniques to reclaim caesium or direct landfill disposal the caesium in the ash content.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103480642A (en) * | 2013-10-03 | 2014-01-01 | 桂林理工大学 | Phytoremediation method for eliminating manganese toxicity in soil |
| CN103894398A (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-07-02 | 西南科技大学 | Method of promoting caesium or/and strontium enrichment of red spinaches by utilizing plant growth regulator |
| CN104014582A (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2014-09-03 | 清华大学 | Method for utilizing sorghum bicolor to restore caesium-contaminated soil |
| CN104429552A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-03-25 | 上海交通大学 | Method for lowering cesium contents in soybeans |
| CN105170643A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-12-23 | 四川师范大学 | Method of using brassica juncea for restoring soil contaminated with cesium |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103480642A (en) * | 2013-10-03 | 2014-01-01 | 桂林理工大学 | Phytoremediation method for eliminating manganese toxicity in soil |
| CN103480642B (en) * | 2013-10-03 | 2015-01-07 | 桂林理工大学 | Phytoremediation method for eliminating manganese toxicity in soil |
| CN103894398A (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-07-02 | 西南科技大学 | Method of promoting caesium or/and strontium enrichment of red spinaches by utilizing plant growth regulator |
| CN104014582A (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2014-09-03 | 清华大学 | Method for utilizing sorghum bicolor to restore caesium-contaminated soil |
| CN104014582B (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2015-10-28 | 清华大学 | A kind of method utilizing sugar grass to repair caesium contaminated soil |
| CN104429552A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-03-25 | 上海交通大学 | Method for lowering cesium contents in soybeans |
| CN105170643A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-12-23 | 四川师范大学 | Method of using brassica juncea for restoring soil contaminated with cesium |
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Application publication date: 20120718 |