CN109821875A - Match the method for applying passivator for cadmium pollution vegetable plot - Google Patents
Match the method for applying passivator for cadmium pollution vegetable plot Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method matched for cadmium pollution vegetable plot and apply passivator, it calculated by soil sample detection, vegetables sample detection, passivator amount of application, prepare four steps of dedicated passivator, the cadmium content of part, the performance difference of different passivator passivation cadmium available states, the method for proposing to reasonably select passivator and dosage are eaten according to total cadmium content of soil, available Cd content, vegetables.Match the method for applying passivator for cadmium pollution vegetable plot, the cadmium pollution risk of reduction vegetables that can be scientific and efficient guarantees Crop securify, and this method can realize quantitative application passivator, and save the cost is particularly suitable for large-scale cadmium pollution heavy metal pollution of vegetable field soil and administers.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to farming land heavy metal pollution regulation field, it is related to matching the side for applying passivator for cadmium pollution vegetable plot
Method.
Background technique
It is the most universal with heavy metal pollution in Farmland Soil Pollution, it is also most difficult to administer.Agricultural land soil is by heavy metal pollution
Afterwards, impact of heavy metals soil physico-chemical property, and toxic action is generated to plant, wherein available heavy metal can be inhaled by plant
Receive, be enriched in human body via food chain, when heavy metal people's cylinder accumulation arrive certain content when, will seriously threaten human body be good for
Health.In particular, vegetables, as the essential food of human lives, existing relevant report shows a huge sum of money in Chinese vegetable field soil
The exceeded situation belonged to is more serious than crop field, and especially cadmium pollution is more serious, and the cadmium pollution that vegetables are subject to is especially serious.
In the technical research and engineering construction of remediating heavy metal cadmium pollution vegetable field soil, to reduce cadmium available state in soil
Content evades cadmium and is absorbed by the body by plant, controls agricultural non-point source pollution problem, so that heavy metal is fixed on soil using passivator
It is current application in earth compared with wide, the faster technology of effect.But it is undeniable to be, in application passivating technique to realize control environment
When pollution risk, raising ecological safety index, due to edible to Present Situation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, crops in specific farmland massif
Heavy metals exceeding standard problem, the selection of passivator and dosage lack global pool in part, so still having problems.
Soil testing and fertilizer recommendation strategy is advocated in the agricultural development in China always, i.e., needs fertilizer special according to soil fertility, crops
Property, reasonably select fertilizer type and dosage, avoid as Fertilizer application it is improper caused by loss of soil nutrient, soil physico-chemical index
Situations such as unbalance, pollution of area source.With the growth requirement of heavy metal pollution farming land reparation, also the promotion " will survey soil to apply for we
Fertilizer " theory applies in soil remediation, is especially applied to repair the vegetable field soil of pollution.
In conclusion in the restoring cadmium polluted vegetable field soil of application passivator soil testing and fertilizer recommendation theory should be learnt, i.e., according to soil
The passivation effect evaluation etc. of part cadmium content, passivator is eaten in the cadmium pollution status of earth, vegetables, science formulates passivation reparation side
Method, the present invention proposes to survey soil for cadmium pollution vegetable plot with the method for applying passivator as a result,.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to reach the mesh of soil remediation precisely with passivator is applied according to cadmium pollution situations different in agricultural land soil
's.Purpose to realize the present invention, used technical solution are as follows:
A method of match for cadmium pollution vegetable plot and apply passivator, including following implementation steps:
1) soil sample detects；2) vegetables eat Subsampling detection；
3) passivator amount of application calculates；
4) dedicated passivator is prepared.
Preferably, the total cadmium content of soil and effective cadmium content of soil are taken in soil sample detection.
Preferably, the edible Subsampling detection of vegetables takes vegetables to eat the total cadmium content in part.
Preferably, the passivator amount of application, which calculates, uses following formula:
M= MMost preferably×ρSoil×h×666.67m2/ mu
Wherein M indicates that passivator usage amount in vegetable plot to be measured, unit are kg/ mus；MMost preferablyIndicate the optimum spraying amount of passivator, unit
For %；ρSoilIndicate the bulk density of soil, unit kg/m3；H indicates soil remediation depth, unit m.
Preferably, the MMost preferablyIt is to be obtained by the test of laboratory earth culture, potted plant experiment and field experiment.
Preferably, the passivator uses lime, peat soil, kaolin, bentonite, zeolite, charcoal, organic matter
Matter, potassium dihydrogen phosphate it is one or more.
The invention has the benefit that
1) content of the heavy metal cadmium according to contained in different soils, and the heavy metal cadmium content that can be absorbed by plant, have
It is targetedly repaired with passivator, has reached and matched the method for applying passivator for cadmium pollution vegetable plot, drop that can be scientific and efficient
The cadmium pollution risk of low vegetables guarantees Crop securify, and this method can realize quantitative application passivator, and save the cost is especially suitable
Large-scale cadmium pollution heavy metal pollution of vegetable field soil is closed to administer.
2) present invention devises the specific formula of passivator dosage according to the practical experience of many years, and cadmium pollution soil is carried out
The a series of experiments such as the test of laboratory earth culture, potted plant experiment and field experiment are directed to as a result, acquisition passivator optimum spraying amount
Reach reparation target to property.
3) passivator of the present invention is made of natural materials, is not destroyed to soil result, not will cause soil hardening, can
The gas permeability of soil is effectively kept, and does not generate secondary pollution, passivator dosage is suitable for that will not destroy the soda acid structure of soil,
It has no toxic side effect to soil.
Specific embodiment
The present invention program is described in further detail below with reference to embodiment, following the description is merely to explain this hair
It is bright, its content is not defined.Experimental method in following embodiments is unless otherwise specified conventional method.It is following
Test material used in embodiment and reagent are unless otherwise specified conventional biochemical reagent, are purchased from Reagent Company.
The invention discloses a kind of methods matched for cadmium pollution vegetable plot and apply passivator, including soil sample detection, vegetables
Edible Subsampling detection, dedicated passivator are prepared, passivator amount of application calculates.
The soil and vegetables edible part sample detection the following steps are included:
(1) it samples
Centered on planning sampling point, soil and vegetables determine sampling area with reference to relevant criterion according to same point while sampling method
And implement to sample.
(2) pre-treatment
With reference to relevant criterion, pre-treatment is made to soil and vegetables.
(3) Data Detection
Soil acidity or alkalinity measurement uses pH meter method；The total Cadmium detrmination of soil uses graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry；
Soil available Cadmium detrmination uses diethylene triamine pentacetic acid (DTPA) extraction-inductively coupled plasma emission spectrography；Vegetables food
Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry is used with the measurement of cadmium content in part；The measurement of the soil weight uses core cutter method.Detect skill
Art is executed according to relevant criterion.
(4) data are analyzed
With reference to relevant criterion, analyzes soil sample total cadmium and available Cd, vegetables eat the detection data of part cadmium content.Wherein
The total cadmium content of soil is more than the risk screening value in following table, but not super risk control value.In vegetables, the cadmium that leaf vegetables eats part contains
More than 0.2mg/kg, the cadmium content that legume vegetable, root tuber and stem tuber vegetables, stem class vegetables (except celery) eat part is more than amount
0.1mg/kg, the cadmium content that celery, day lily eat part is more than 0.2mg/kg, other fresh vegetables eat the cadmium content of part
More than 0.05mg/kg.
1 farming land soil pollution risk screening value of table and control value (except paddy field) unit: mg/kg
| pH≤5.5 | 5.5<pH≤6.5 | 6.5<pH≤7.5 | pH>7.5 | |
| Risk screening value | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
| Risk control value | 1.5 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 |
The dedicated passivator prepare the following steps are included:
(1) passivator selects
It is single or multiple that lime, peat soil, kaolin, bentonite, zeolite, charcoal, organic substance, potassium dihydrogen phosphate etc. may be selected
Condensation material.
(2) passivation test
Firstly, cadmium pollution soil is taken to carry out heavy metal passivation reparative experiment room earth culture test, the amount of application of passivator is according to soil
The degree of quality carries out gradient design, quantitatively applies passivator and carries out test, and the amount of application for obtaining best passivator (is used
M01It indicates, unit %).
Secondly, taking cadmium pollution soil to carry out heavy metal passivation repairs pot experiment, the amount of application of passivator is with M01On the basis of
Amount of application carries out gradient design, quantitatively applies passivator and carries out test, the amount of application for obtaining best passivator (uses M02It indicates, it is single
Position is %).
Finally, carrying out passivation on cadmium pollution vegetable plot repairs cell experiment, the quality of cell soil is M1(unit kg),
The amount of application of cell passivator is with M02Gradient design is carried out for benchmark amount of application, quantitatively applies passivator and carries out test, obtain blunt
The optimum spraying amount of agent (uses MMost preferablyIt indicates, unit %).
(3) amount of application calculates
The passivator amount of application calculates as follows:
It has been determined that the optimum spraying amount of passivator in field experiment result (uses MMost preferablyIndicate, unit %), with topsoil in vegetable plot
It is m) ρ to repair depth h(unitSoilIndicate the bulk density of soil, unit kg/m3, calculate the passivator amount of application in 1 mu of farmland
(being indicated with M, unit is kg/ mus), formula is as follows:
M= MMost preferably×ρSoil×h×666.67m2/ mu.
Embodiment 1
Hechi City, Guangxi Nandan County vegetable field soil, planting vegetable type are cabbage.Early period carries out science to topsoil
The cadmium content detection of soil pH value and soil, cabbage is made in sampling and sample pretreatment.The measurement of soil pH value is using " soil
The measurement of earth pH " (NY/T 1377), the total Cadmium detrmination method of soil is using " soil quality lead, Cadmium detrmination sampling Graphite Furnace Atomic
Absorptiometry " (GB/T 17141), soil available Cadmium detrmination method is using " the survey of 8 kinds of available state elements of soil
Determine diethylene triamine pentacetic acid (DTPA) extraction-inductively coupled plasma emission spectrography " (HJ 804), cadmium content in cabbage
Measurement use " measurement of national food safety standard cadmium in foods " (GB 5009.15-2014), the measurement side of the soil weight
Method uses " the 4th part of Soil K+adsorption: the measurement of the soil weight " (NY/T 1121.4-2006).Detection data are as follows: soil pH value
It is 6.08, the total cadmium content of soil is 5.641 mg/kg, and effective cadmium content of soil is 1.55 mg/kg, and cadmium contains in cabbage
Amount is 0.31mg/kg, and the bulk density of soil is 1.55 × 103kg/m3.With reference to " soil environment quality farming land soil pollution risk
Control standard (tentative) " (GB 15618-2018) standard, the total cadmium content of soil is between farming land risk screening value and risk control
Cadmium content between value, and in cabbage is limited the quantity more than food pollution, so being passed through based on safe utilization for the vegetable plot
The content of soil available Cd is reduced, the cadmium content in cabbage is reduced.
The raw material for determining passivator are organic substance, bentonite and lime, and wherein organic substance is silkworm excrement.
Firstly, carrying out the test of laboratory earth culture, the amount of application of passivator is executed according to soil quality 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%.
It weighs pretreated be sieved early period and air-dries 500 g of contaminated soil, be added in the beaker of 500 mL, according in table 2
Data apply passivator, 3 repetitions of every group of setting, not add the contaminated soil of passivator as control.
2 lab scale passivator of table proportion
Passivator is added, stirs evenly, distilled water is added, soil moisture content is kept to maintain 65% left side of maxmun field capacity
The right side is stablized 10 days at room temperature.
After 10 days, cadmium bio-available Zn concentration in soil is measured, the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 adds the variation unit of Cadmium in Soil available state after passivator: mg/kg
| Amount of application | Silkworm excrement: bentonite: lime=2:1:1 | Silkworm excrement: bentonite: lime=1:2:1 |
| CK | 1.55 | 1.55 |
| 0.5% | 0.98 | 1.17 |
| 1.0% | 0.77 | 0.98 |
| 1.5% | 0.76 | 0.87 |
Above data shows to match silkworm excrement: bentonite in passivator: when lime=2:1:1 and amount of application are 1% and 1.5%, cadmium
Bio-available Zn concentration reduces close, it is contemplated that rehabilitation cost selects 1% for the amount of application of best passivator.
Secondly, carrying out pot experiment, passivator selects proportion silkworm excrement: bentonite: lime=2:1:1, amount of application is according to soil
Quality 0.5%, 0.8%, 1% executes, 3 repetitions of each experimental design；Vegetable cultivation cabbage.
Milled 10 mesh after taking soil natural to air-dry is distributed into experiment basin, every 2.5 kg of basin soil, fills basin in soil
Preceding unified application compound fertilizer, applies passivator according to design passivator dosage, after passivator and soil are mixed well, tiling is arrived
It tests in basin, water is conveyed in the percolation that water conservancy soil capillary is added into collet and reaches wetting soil in entire soil
During which the effect of earth keeps soil moisture content the 65% of maxmun field capacity, cultivates 20 d.Knot when by length to 5-8 piece leaf
Cabbage seedling band Tu Tuo is transplanted into experiment basin, and it is 10cm that spacing in the rows, which is arranged, in transplanting plant spacing, totally two rows, and every basin plants 12 plants, is moved
It waters immediately after cultivation, during which keeps soil moisture.
Heading stage to cabbage, locality upper edible part and soil were detected, and the results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 adds after passivator the variation of cadmium content in cadmium available state and cabbage in soil
| Amount of application | Cadmium bio-available Zn concentration (mg/kg) in soil | Cadmium content (mg/kg) in cabbage |
| ck | 1.55 | 0.28 |
| 0.5% | 0.93 | 0.17 |
| 0.8% | 0.86 | 0.13 |
| 1.0% | 0.85 | 0.16 |
Above data shows to match silkworm excrement: bentonite in passivator: when lime=2:1:1 and amount of application are 0.8% and 1.0%, cadmium
Bio-available Zn concentration reduce close, in conjunction with cadmium content in cabbage, select 0.8% for the amount of application of best passivator.
Finally, carrying out field experiment, passivator selects proportion silkworm excrement: bentonite: lime=2:1:1, amount of application is according to soil
Quality 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.8% executes, 3 repetitions of each experimental design；Vegetable cultivation cabbage.
Cadmium pollution field is divided equally, for half for applying passivator processing, the other half is used for blank control.It is blunt according to designing
Agent dosage applies passivator, and passivator is uniformly applied in farmland together with base manure, and deep plough to farmland, it is even to harrow, blunt
After agent is uniformly blended into arable layer, pouring water is sufficiently humidified so as to the soil body, and balances planting vegetable after 30 d.When by length to 5-8 piece leaf
Cabbage seedling band Tu Tuo transplant to vegetable plot, it is 30cm, line-spacing 35cm that spacing in the rows, which is arranged, in transplanting plant spacing, during which keeps soil
Moisture.
Heading stage to cabbage, locality upper edible part and soil were detected, and the results are shown in Table 5.
Table 5 adds after passivator the variation of cadmium content in cadmium available state and cabbage in soil
| Amount of application | Cadmium bio-available Zn concentration (mg/kg) in soil | Cadmium content (mg/kg) in cabbage |
| ck | 1.48 | 0.30 |
| 0.2% | 0.84 | 0.13 |
| 0.5% | 0.83 | 0.15 |
| 0.8% | 0.80 | 0.19 |
Above data shows to match silkworm excrement: bentonite in passivator: lime=2:1:1 and amount of application are 0.2%, 0.5% and 0.8%
When, the bio-available Zn concentration of cadmium reduces close, in conjunction with cadmium content in cabbage, selects 0.2% for the amount of application of best passivator
(MMost preferably).
The reparation depth of Hechi City, Guangxi Nandan County vegetable field soil is 0.2 m, and the bulk density for measuring soil is 1.55 × 103
kg/m3, cabbage is planted, then the amount of application of passivator are as follows:
M= MMost preferably×ρSoil×h×666.67m2/ mu
=0.2%×1.55×103 kg/m3×0.2 m×666.67m2/ mu
=413 kg/ mus
Wherein, MSilkworm excrement=206.5 kg, MBentonite=103.25 kg, MLime=103.25 kg。
So the cadmium pollution for the vegetable plot plot is passivated reparation, passivator and dosage are respectively as follows: 206.5 kg of silkworm excrement,
103.25 kg of bentonite, 103.25 kg of lime.
Embodiment 2
Hechi City, Guangxi Nandan County vegetable field soil, planting vegetable type are capsicum.Early period carries out scientific sampling to topsoil
And sample pretreatment, make the cadmium content detection of soil pH value and soil, capsicum.The measurement of soil pH value uses the " survey of soil pH
It is fixed " (NY/T 1377), the total Cadmium detrmination method of soil is using " soil quality lead, the light splitting of Cadmium detrmination sampling Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption
Photometry " (GB/T 17141), soil available Cadmium detrmination method is using " the measurement divinyl of 8 kinds of available state elements of soil
Pentaacetic acid extraction-inductively coupled plasma emission spectrography " (HJ 804), the measurement of cadmium content is using " food in capsicum
The measurement of the safe national standard cadmium in foods of product " (GB 5009.15-2014), the measuring method of the soil weight is using " soil inspection
Survey the 4th part: the measurement of the soil weight " (NY/T 1121.4-2006).Detection data are as follows: soil pH value 6.08, soil is total
Cadmium content is 5.641 mg/kg, and effective cadmium content of soil is 1.55 mg/kg, and cadmium content is 0.11mg/kg, soil in capsicum
Bulk density be 1.55 × 103kg/m3.With reference to " soil environment quality farming land soil pollution risk management and control standard (tentative) " (GB
15618-2018) standard, the total cadmium content of soil is between farming land risk screening value and risk control value, and the cadmium in capsicum
Content is limited the quantity more than food pollution, so for the vegetable plot based on safe utilization, by reducing containing for soil available Cd
Amount reduces the cadmium content in capsicum.
The raw material for determining passivator are biomass carbon, zeolite and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Firstly, carrying out the test of laboratory earth culture, the amount of application of passivator is executed according to soil quality 0.8%, 1%, 1.2%.
It weighs pretreated be sieved early period and air-dries 500 g of contaminated soil, be added in the beaker of 500 mL, according in table 6
Data apply passivator, 3 repetitions of every group of setting, not add the contaminated soil of passivator as control.
6 lab scale passivator of table proportion
Passivator is added, stirs evenly, distilled water is added, soil moisture content is kept to maintain 65% left side of maxmun field capacity
The right side is stablized 10 days at room temperature.
After 10 days, cadmium bio-available Zn concentration in soil is measured, the results are shown in Table 7.
Table 7 adds the variation unit of Cadmium in Soil available state after passivator: mg/kg
| Amount of application | Biomass carbon: zeolite: potassium dihydrogen phosphate=2:1:1 | Biomass carbon: zeolite: potassium dihydrogen phosphate=2:2:1 |
| CK | 1.55 | 1.55 |
| 0.8% | 1.02 | 1.22 |
| 1.0% | 0.77 | 0.74 |
| 1.2% | 0.75 | 0.73 |
Above data shows to match biomass carbon: zeolite in passivator: potassium dihydrogen phosphate=2:1:1 and amount of application are 1% and 1.2%
When, the bio-available Zn concentration of cadmium reduces close, it is contemplated that rehabilitation cost selects 1.0% for the amount of application of best passivator.
Secondly, carrying out pot experiment, passivator selects proportion biomass carbon: zeolite: potassium dihydrogen phosphate=2:1:1, amount of application
It is executed according to soil quality 0.4%, 0.7%, 1%, 3 repetitions of each experimental design；Vegetable cultivation capsicum.
Milled 10 mesh after taking soil natural to air-dry is distributed into experiment basin, every 2.5 kg of basin soil, fills basin in soil
Preceding unified application compound fertilizer, applies passivator according to design passivator dosage, after passivator and soil are mixed well, tiling is arrived
It tests in basin, water is conveyed in the percolation that water conservancy soil capillary is added into collet and reaches wetting soil in entire soil
During which the effect of earth keeps soil moisture content the 65% of maxmun field capacity, cultivates 20 d.It is peppery when by length to 2-3 piece leaf
Green pepper seedling band Tu Tuo is transplanted into experiment basin, and it is 15cm that spacing in the rows, which is arranged, in transplanting plant spacing, totally two rows, and every basin plants 8 plants, is stood after transplanting
It waters, during which keeps soil moisture.
Locality upper edible part and soil are detected when capsicum maturation, the results are shown in Table 8.
Table 8 adds after passivator the variation of cadmium content in cadmium available state and capsicum in soil
| Amount of application | Cadmium bio-available Zn concentration (mg/kg) in soil | Cadmium content (mg/kg) in capsicum |
| ck | 1.55 | 0.12 |
| 0.4% | 0.88 | 0.06 |
| 0.7% | 0.75 | 0.04 |
| 1.0% | 0.73 | 0.04 |
Above data shows to match biomass carbon: zeolite in passivator: potassium dihydrogen phosphate=2:1:1 and amount of application are 0.7% He
When 1.0%, the bio-available Zn concentration of cadmium reduces close, in conjunction with cadmium content in capsicum, selects 0.7% for the amount of application of best passivator.
Finally, carrying out field experiment, passivator selects proportion biomass carbon: zeolite: potassium dihydrogen phosphate=2:1:1, amount of application
It is executed according to soil quality 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 3 repetitions of each experimental design；Vegetable cultivation capsicum.
Cadmium pollution field is divided equally, for half for applying passivator processing, the other half is used for blank control.It is blunt according to designing
Agent dosage applies passivator, and passivator is uniformly applied in farmland together with base manure, and deep plough to farmland, it is even to harrow, blunt
After agent is uniformly blended into arable layer, pouring water is sufficiently humidified so as to the soil body, and balances planting vegetable after 30 d.When by length to 2-3 piece leaf
Pepper seedling band Tu Tuo transplant to vegetable plot, it is 20cm, line-spacing 35cm that spacing in the rows, which is arranged, in transplanting plant spacing, during which keeps the soil water
Point.
Locality upper edible part and soil are detected when capsicum maturation, the results are shown in Table 9.
Table 9 adds after passivator the variation of cadmium content in cadmium available state and capsicum in soil
| Amount of application | Cadmium bio-available Zn concentration (mg/kg) in soil | Cadmium content (mg/kg) in capsicum |
| ck | 1.48 | 0.12 |
| 0.3% | 0.76 | 0.05 |
| 0.5% | 0.73 | 0.03 |
| 0.7% | 0.74 | 0.03 |
Above data shows to match biomass carbon: zeolite in passivator: potassium dihydrogen phosphate=2:1:1 and amount of application be 0.3%,
When 0.5% and 0.7%, the bio-available Zn concentration reduction of cadmium is close, in conjunction with cadmium content in capsicum, selects 0.5% applying for best passivator
Dosage (MMost preferably).
The reparation depth of Hechi City, Guangxi Nandan County vegetable field soil is 0.2 m, and the bulk density for measuring soil is 1.55 × 103
kg/m3, capsicum is planted, then the amount of application of passivator are as follows:
M= MMost preferably×ρSoil×h×666.67m2/ mu
=0.5%×1.55×103 kg/m3×0.2 m×666.67m2/ mu
=1033 kg/ mus
Wherein, MBiomass carbon=516.5 kg, MZeolite=258.25 kg, MPotassium dihydrogen phosphate=258.25 kg。
So the cadmium pollution for the vegetable plot plot is passivated reparation, passivator and dosage are respectively as follows: biomass carbon 516.5
Kg, 258.25 kg of zeolite, 258.25 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Embodiment 3
Guangxi Chongzuo City Daxin County vegetable field soil, planting vegetable type are capsicum.Early period carries out scientific sampling to topsoil
And sample pretreatment, make the cadmium content detection of soil pH value and soil, capsicum.The measurement of soil pH value uses the " survey of soil pH
It is fixed " (NY/T 1377), the total Cadmium detrmination method of soil is using " soil quality lead, the light splitting of Cadmium detrmination sampling Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption
Photometry " (GB/T 17141), soil available Cadmium detrmination method is using " the measurement divinyl of 8 kinds of available state elements of soil
Pentaacetic acid extraction-inductively coupled plasma emission spectrography " (HJ 804), the measurement of cadmium content is using " food in capsicum
The measurement of the safe national standard cadmium in foods of product " (GB 5009.15-2014), the measuring method of the soil weight is using " soil inspection
Survey the 4th part: the measurement of the soil weight " (NY/T 1121.4-2006).Detection data are as follows: soil pH value 5.68, soil is total
Cadmium content is 3.52 mg/kg, and effective cadmium content of soil is 1.26 mg/kg, and cadmium content is 0.08mg/kg, soil in capsicum
Bulk density be 1.62 × 103 kg/m3.With reference to " soil environment quality farming land soil pollution risk management and control standard (tentative) " (GB
15618-2018) standard, the total cadmium content of soil is between farming land risk screening value and risk control value, and the cadmium in capsicum
Content is limited the quantity more than food pollution, so for the vegetable plot based on safe utilization, by reducing containing for soil available Cd
Amount reduces the cadmium content in capsicum.
The raw material for determining passivator are organic substance, peat soil and kaolin, and wherein organic substance is silkworm excrement.
Firstly, carrying out the test of laboratory earth culture, the amount of application of passivator is executed according to soil quality 0.4%, 0.7%, 1.0%.
It weighs pretreated be sieved early period and air-dries 500 g of contaminated soil, be added in the beaker of 500 mL, according in table 10
Data apply passivator, 3 repetitions of every group of setting, not add the contaminated soil of passivator as control.
10 lab scale passivator of table proportion
Passivator is added, stirs evenly, distilled water is added, soil moisture content is kept to maintain 65% left side of maxmun field capacity
The right side is stablized 10 days at room temperature.
After 10 days, cadmium bio-available Zn concentration in soil is measured, the results are shown in Table 11.
Table 11 adds the variation unit of Cadmium in Soil available state after passivator: mg/kg
| Amount of application | Silkworm excrement: peat soil: kaolin=1:2:2 | Silkworm excrement: peat soil: kaolin=2:2:1 |
| CK | 1.26 | 1.26 |
| 0.4% | 0.85 | 0.64 |
| 0.7% | 0.66 | 0.58 |
| 1.0% | 0.64 | 0.57 |
Above data shows to match silkworm excrement: peat soil in passivator: when kaolin=2:2:1 and amount of application are 0.7% and 1.0%,
The bio-available Zn concentration of cadmium reduces close, it is contemplated that rehabilitation cost selects 0.7% for the amount of application of best passivator.
Secondly, carrying out pot experiment, passivator selects proportion silkworm excrement: peat soil: kaolin=2:2:1, amount of application is according to soil
Loamy texture amount 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7% executes, 3 repetitions of each experimental design；Vegetable cultivation capsicum.
Milled 10 mesh after taking soil natural to air-dry is distributed into experiment basin, every 2.5 kg of basin soil, fills basin in soil
Preceding unified application compound fertilizer, applies passivator according to design passivator dosage, after passivator and soil are mixed well, tiling is arrived
It tests in basin, water is conveyed in the percolation that water conservancy soil capillary is added into collet and reaches wetting soil in entire soil
During which the effect of earth keeps soil moisture content the 65% of maxmun field capacity, cultivates 20 d.It is peppery when by length to 2-3 piece leaf
Green pepper seedling band Tu Tuo is transplanted into experiment basin, and it is 15cm that spacing in the rows, which is arranged, in transplanting plant spacing, totally two rows, and every basin plants 8 plants, is stood after transplanting
It waters, during which keeps soil moisture.
Locality upper edible part and soil are detected when capsicum maturation, the results are shown in Table 12.
Table 12 adds after passivator the variation of cadmium content in cadmium available state and capsicum in soil
| Amount of application | Cadmium bio-available Zn concentration (mg/kg) in soil | Cadmium content (mg/kg) in capsicum |
| ck | 1.26 | 0.08 |
| 0.2% | 0.78 | 0.06 |
| 0.5% | 0.64 | 0.03 |
| 0.7% | 0.63 | 0.03 |
Above data shows to match silkworm excrement: peat soil in passivator: when kaolin=2:2:1 and amount of application are 0.5% and 0.7%,
The bio-available Zn concentration of cadmium reduces close, in conjunction with cadmium content in capsicum, selects 0.5% for the amount of application of best passivator.
Finally, carrying out field experiment, passivator selects proportion biomass carbon: zeolite: potassium dihydrogen phosphate=2:1:1, amount of application
It is executed according to soil quality 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 3 repetitions of each experimental design；Vegetable cultivation capsicum.
Cadmium pollution field is divided equally, for half for applying passivator processing, the other half is used for blank control.It is blunt according to designing
Agent dosage applies passivator, and passivator is uniformly applied in farmland together with base manure, and deep plough to farmland, it is even to harrow, blunt
After agent is uniformly blended into arable layer, pouring water is sufficiently humidified so as to the soil body, and balances planting vegetable after 30 d.When by length to 2-3 piece leaf
Pepper seedling band Tu Tuo transplant to vegetable plot, it is 20cm, line-spacing 35cm that spacing in the rows, which is arranged, in transplanting plant spacing, during which keeps the soil water
Point.
Locality upper edible part and soil are detected when capsicum maturation, the results are shown in Table 13.
Table 13 adds after passivator the variation of cadmium content in cadmium available state and capsicum in soil
| Amount of application | Cadmium bio-available Zn concentration (mg/kg) in soil | Cadmium content (mg/kg) in capsicum |
| ck | 1.32 | 0.08 |
| 0.1% | 0.68 | 0.06 |
| 0.3% | 0.65 | 0.03 |
| 0.5% | 0.65 | 0.03 |
Above data shows to match silkworm excrement: peat soil in passivator: kaolin=2:2:1 and amount of application are 0.1%, 0.3% and
When 0.5%, the bio-available Zn concentration of cadmium reduces close, in conjunction with cadmium content in capsicum, selects 0.3% for the amount of application of best passivator
(MMost preferably).
The reparation depth of Guangxi Chongzuo City Daxin County vegetable field soil is 0.2 m, and the bulk density for measuring soil is 1.62 × 103
kg/m3, capsicum is planted, then the amount of application of passivator are as follows:
M= MMost preferably×ρSoil×h×666.67m2/ mu
=0.3%×1.62×103 kg/m3×0.2 m×666.67m2/ mu
=648 kg/ mus
Wherein, MSilkworm excrement=259.2 kg, MPeat soil=259.2 kg, MKaolin=129.6 kg。
So the cadmium pollution for the vegetable plot plot is passivated reparation, passivator and dosage are respectively as follows: 259.2 kg of silkworm excrement,
259.2 kg of peat soil, 129.6 kg of kaolin.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
The change or replacement expected without creative work, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention
Protection scope should be determined by the scope of protection defined in the claims.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of match the method for applying passivator for cadmium pollution vegetable plot, which is characterized in that including following implementation steps:
1) soil sample detects；2) vegetables eat Subsampling detection；
3) passivator amount of application calculates；
4) dedicated passivator is prepared.
2. according to claim 1 match the method for applying passivator for cadmium pollution vegetable plot, which is characterized in that the soil
Sample detection takes the total cadmium content of soil and effective cadmium content of soil.
3. according to claim 1 match the method for applying passivator for cadmium pollution vegetable plot, which is characterized in that vegetables eat portion
Point sample detection takes vegetables to eat part cadmium content.
4. according to claim 1 match the method for applying passivator for cadmium pollution vegetable plot, which is characterized in that the passivator
Amount of application, which calculates, uses following formula:
M=MMost preferably×ρSoil×h×666.67m2/ mu
Wherein M indicates that passivator usage amount in vegetable plot to be measured, unit are kg/ mus；MMost preferablyIndicate the optimum spraying amount of passivator, unit
For %；ρSoilIndicate the bulk density of soil, unit kg/m3；H indicates soil remediation depth, unit m.
5. according to claim 4 match the method for applying passivator for cadmium pollution vegetable plot, which is characterized in that the MMost preferablyIt is
It is obtained by the test of laboratory earth culture, potted plant experiment and field experiment.
6. according to claim 1 match the method for applying passivator for cadmium pollution vegetable plot, which is characterized in that the passivation
Agent using lime, peat soil, kaolin, bentonite, zeolite, charcoal, organic substance, potassium dihydrogen phosphate it is one or more.
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