CN109115698A - A method of environmental pollution caused by detection fertilising - Google Patents
A method of environmental pollution caused by detection fertilising Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method for detecting environmental pollution caused by fertilising, and establish the threshold limit value model of organic fertilizer environmental pollution, by the content for detecting each nutritional ingredient and heavy metal component in organic fertilizer in advance, and the loss amount of each nutritional ingredient and heavy metal component in crop planting environment, in conjunction with crops to nutritional ingredient and each heavy metal component demand, come calculate meet crop growth needed for organic manure application rate, and prejudge the organic manure application rate whether can to plantation soil bring heavy metal pollution.Method of the invention has anticipation property, its accuracy for assessing heavy metal pollution caused by fertilising is up to 100%, it can be used for before fertilising prejudging fertilizer applications and being adjusted, avoid fertilising may be to soil bring heavy metal pollution problem and nitrification, P pollution problem.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to organic agriculture fields, and in particular to the environmental pollutions such as a kind of application chicken manure, pig manure, organic fertilizer
Threshold limit value detection method and its application.
Background technique
The excrement waste that the animal husbandry in China generates is most in the world, and greatly there is no reasonable
Handled and utilized, this causes huge pollution to the ecological environment in China.Processing reprocessing is carried out to feces of livestock and poultry, is made
It is made organic fertilizer to enter in agricultural production, is a kind of important recycling means.Organic fertilizer is important in agricultural production
Material base, be the important fertilizer in agricultural production.Using organic fertilizer carry out agricultural production be both agriculture Self substances and
Energy circulation, and be purification human environment, carry out the effective way of resource reutilization.It keeps ecological balance, Development of Organic Agriculture,
Production green food is increasingly valued by people.Meanwhile pollution problem of the feces of livestock and poultry to environment how is solved, make
Waste in agricultural turns evil as benefit, builds to Chinese society doctrine and realizes that the sustainable development of agricultural is all of great significance.
Pig breeding is fast, the number of animals raised is big, is suitable for stable breeding, has the characteristics that collected manure quantity is big and muck is high-quality.Therefore, pig manure
Urine is the important source of manure of Chinese countryside.Pig manure quality is thin, complicated component, mainly cellulose, hemicellulose, face lignin compared with
It is few, in addition, also containing protein and its decomposition product, fats, organic acid and various inorganic salts and the micro- life of more ammonification
Object.After compost, the more other animal manures of amount for forming humus are high, and according to data introduction, total humic quality of formation accounts for carbon
25.98%, it is higher by 1.19% than total humic quality that sheep dung is formed, it is higher by 2.18% than cow dung, it is higher by 2.38% than horsehit, have
Good Soil building effect；In pig urine then based on water soluble urea, uric acid, hippuric acid, inorganic salts, pH neutrality meta-alkali.Root
According to national organic fertilizer quality grading standard, pig manure is chosen as second level.
Raising all parts of the country of chicken are very universal, with poultry technology development, mechanization, the raising of the degree of automation,
Poultry production is concentrated increasingly, and scale is increasing, and the number of animals raised ranks first in poultry, and the national number of animals raised is more than 40 within 1994
Hundred million.For chicken using cereal, small worm as feed, drinking-water is few, therefore fertilizer point is dense, and with the popularization of mixed feed, there are many microelements
It lets out and stays in excrement.Therefore, the more other animal manures of nutrient content in chicken manure are high.In terms of fresh sample, average total nitrogen content 1.03%；Full phosphorus
Rich content is only second to pigeon dung, is 0.41%, is 4.1 times of cow dung；Full potassium 72%, is 3.1 times of cow dung content；Water content
52.3%, thick organic matter 23.8%, the more other animal dungs of C/N are low, are 14.03, pH mostly 7.7~7.9；Micronutrient element contains
Amount: copper 14.4mg/kg, zinc 65.9mg/kg, iron 3540mg/kg, manganese 164mg/kg, 5.4mg/kg, molybdenum 0.50mg/kg；Calcium, magnesium,
Chlorine, sodium, sulfur content are respectively 1.35%, 0.26%, 0.13%, 0.17%, 0.16%.The nutrient content of chicken manure is high, high-quality,
And also containing various amino acid, sugar, nucleic acid, vitamin, fat, organic acid and auxin etc. in chicken manure.By the whole nation
Organic fertilizer quality grading standard divides, chicken manure category second level.
But the applying fertilizers such as feces of livestock and poultry are improper to bring environmental hazard, be mainly reflected in water body and soil
Pollution and harm.When feces of livestock and poultry is discharged into water body, and total amount is more than the purification ability of water body, the chemistry of water body
Property, physical property and its biological bacteria fall composition and can change, and then destroy the quality of water body.Water body is by the dirt of excrement
Dye mode mainly have biopathogen pollution, eutrophication and due to the organic matter in excrement corruption and caused by the product that decomposes
Three kinds of pollution.Containing substances such as excrement slag and N, P in the waste water of excrement and flushing excrement, can be made by rainwash
Surface water is contaminated, can also be by penetrating into soil polluted underground water.Contain excessive N, P in surface water, will lead to
The eutrophication of water consumes the dissolved oxygen in water, fishes and shrimps are dead, and then make water to make to breed a large amount of algae substances in water
The ecological environment of body is affected.
When the product of the polluter or decomposition of excrement and its carrying enters soil, if it exceeds the self-cleaning of soil itself
When ability, composition of the soil and character generation will change, and its original basic function will be destroyed.Soil is dirty
Dye can endanger people and animals by water and food.Heavy metal and mineral element can be caused to pollute using feces of livestock and poultry is improper, soil
The pollution of earth N, P, microbial contamination and medicament residue pollution etc..A large amount of N, P enter after soil, will be transformed into phosphate
And nitrate, although it is that plant growth must that too high levels, which can make soil lose N, P in the value feces of livestock and poultry of production,
Must, but if N, P content in soil are excessively high, cannot not only play the role of infertile field, the growing way of crops can be made instead
It is excessively vigorous, and cause the quality of agricultural and sideline product to decline, and yield can be reduced accordingly.
It is still quasi- without energy in the prior art for soil contamination problem of the organic fertilizer applications such as feces of livestock and poultry caused by improper
The really modeling and appraisal procedure of environmental pollution caused by assessment fertilising, producing in solid line is often after continuous annual fertilising
Just there is heavy metal in detection discovery soil and mineral element pollutes, there is hysteresis quality.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in, for organic fertilizer heavy metal Cu present in organic agriculture, Cd,
The Overdosing problems such as Pb, Zn provide a kind of method for detecting environmental pollution caused by fertilising, by organic fertilizer ingredient and micro member
Plain characteristic, the analysis detection of soil characteristic and to organic vegetable growing nutrient demand analysis, calculate ring brought by fertilizer applications
Greatest contamination threshold limit value is polluted in border, can be used for Instructing manufacture practice, probes into the optimum spraying amount of organic fertilizer in organic plantation, protects
The quality safeties of products such as card vegetables simultaneously avoid heavy metal and mineral element pollution.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that providing environment caused by a kind of detection fertilising
The method of pollution, comprising the following steps:
The content of each nutritional ingredient and heavy metal component in step 1, detection organic fertilizer measures above-mentioned each nutritional ingredient and again
Loss amount (Leaching loss) of the metal component in crop planting environment (soil and/or water body).
Nutritional ingredient refers to that crops account for the sum of uptake of certain mineral elements in different growth and development stages
The required nutritional ingredient of 80% or more mineral element of gross absorption, different crops is variant, generally comprises N, K, P, Ca
Equal elements.Heavy metal component generally comprises the elements such as Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, Cd.The loss amount be soil permeability number of dropouts with
The summation of the number of dropouts of rainwash.Detection method is first to prepare measurement sample solution and blank solution, then using light splitting light
Degree method, atomic absorption spectrography (AAS) or atomic fluorescence spectrometry carry out containing measurement nutritional ingredient each in organic fertilizer and heavy metal component
It is fixed.
The loss meter of step 2, each nutritional ingredient that each nutritional ingredient demand and step 1 are measured according to crops
The magnitude of recruitment for obtaining each nutritional ingredient is calculated, according to each nutrition in the magnitude of recruitment of each nutritional ingredient and step 1 organic fertilizer detected
The Rate of Organic Fertilizer for meeting each nutritional ingredient demand is calculated in the content of ingredient, from meeting having for each nutritional ingredient demand
Select suitable value as practical organic manure application rate in machine fertilizer dosage.
Wherein, the summation of the loss amount of the magnitude of recruitment of nutritional ingredient=nutritional ingredient demand and nutritional ingredient meets battalion
Form the content of Rate of Organic Fertilizer=nutritional ingredient magnitude of recruitment ÷ nutritional ingredient of point demand.
The content of each heavy metal component calculates in step 3, the organic fertilizer detected according to practical organic manure application rate and step 1
The total input amount for obtaining each heavy metal component measures each heavy metal component demand and step 1 according to crops each heavy
The general output of each heavy metal component is calculated in the loss amount of metal component.
Wherein, total input amount=organic manure application rate × heavy metal component content of heavy metal component, heavy metal component
General output=heavy metal component demand and heavy metal component loss amount (Leaching loss).
Step 4, the size and calculating difference for comparing the total input amount of heavy metal and general output, using the difference as heavy metal
The judgment criteria of contaminant capacity: when the total input amount of general output >=heavy metal component of heavy metal component, the heavy metal component
Contaminant capacity be 0；When total input amount of the general output < heavy metal component of heavy metal component, the pollution of the heavy metal component
Measure the difference for total input amount of heavy metal component and the general output of heavy metal component.
Method of the invention can also include step 5, according to the general output and step of the maximum heavy metal component of contaminant capacity
The content of each heavy metal component is converted into the organic manure application rate that contaminant capacity is 0 in the organic fertilizer of rapid 1 detection, is according to contaminant capacity
The content of each nutritional ingredient, crops are to each nutritional ingredient demand in 0 organic manure application rate, step 1 organic fertilizer detected
The loss amount of each nutritional ingredient that amount and step 1 are measured, which is converted into, to be met each nutritional ingredient demand and should additionally supplement
The nutritional ingredient magnitude of recruitment additionally supplemented is added in the organic manure application rate that contaminant capacity is 0 and is used for by nutritional ingredient magnitude of recruitment
Fertilising.
The method of environmental pollution caused by detection fertilising provided by the invention, can respectively be sought by being detected in organic fertilizer in advance
Form point and the content of heavy metal component and each nutritional ingredient and heavy metal component crop planting environment (soil and/or
Water body) in loss amount meet crop growth in conjunction with crops to nutritional ingredient and each heavy metal component demand to calculate
Required organic manure application rate, and prejudge which kind of heavy metal pollution whether the organic manure application rate can bring to the soil of plantation.
Method of the invention has anticipation property, and the accuracy rate for being used to assess heavy metal pollution is 100%, can be used for before fertilising to applying
Fertile scheme is prejudged and is adjusted, and avoids fertilising may be to soil bring heavy metal pollution problem.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 be cucumber organic manure application rate threshold detection method model structure, wherein organic fertilizer include self-prepared organic fertilizer,
The organic fertilizer of the forms such as chicken manure, pig manure.
Specific embodiment
Clear, complete description is carried out to technical solution of the present invention below in conjunction with attached drawing, it is clear that described implementation
Example is a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, the common skill in this field
Art personnel every other embodiment obtained without making creative work belongs to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
By taking the plantation of crops cucumber as an example, press specific embodiment illustrate method of the invention for detect fertilising
Caused by environmental pollution method, wherein embodiment 1 apply self-prepared organic fertilizer, embodiment 2 apply chicken manure, embodiment 3 apply pig
Excrement.Unspecified detection method in following the description can refer to the reported detection method in this field, by the routine of this field
Detection method carries out detection or executes by the examination criteria of this field.
1. the content of each nutritional ingredient and heavy metal component in step 1, detection organic fertilizer, measure above-mentioned each nutritional ingredient and
Loss amount (Leaching loss) of the heavy metal component in crop planting environment (soil and/or water body).
Wherein, heavy metal detection method is as follows:
(1) it measures the preparation of sample solution: weighing 5~8g of sample, be placed in 400ml beaker in tall form, 30ml hydrochloric acid is added
With 10ml nitric acid, cap upper surface ware heats on electric hot plate, after waiting fierceness anti-, moves slightly apart from surface plate and continues to heat, make
Sour be all evaporated to closely is dried up, to catch up with most nitric acid.50ml hydrochloric acid solution is added after cooling, dissolves by heating, adds after being cooled to room temperature
Enter 50ml hydrochloric acid solution, dissolves by heating, be transferred to after being cooled to room temperature in 250ml volumetric flask, be diluted with water to scale, be mixed
It is even, filtering is done, abandons initial several milliliters of filtrates, for use.
(2) preparation of blank solution: in addition to style is not added, other steps are consistent with preparing for sample solution.
(3) content of beary metal measures: A: spectrophotometry is used, according to langbobier law, under certain wavelength, one
The absorbance value of fixed concentration samples solution is directly proportional to its content；B: atomic absorption spectrography (AAS) is used, outer layer is mainly utilized
Electronics and substance generation act on, thus resoance radiation of the generation wavelength between Uv and visible light, according to radiation intensity with to
The relationship of analytical element content carries out the analysis method of analysis measurement；C: atomic fluorescence spectrometry, atomic fluorescence spectrometry are used
(AFS) principle is similar with atomic emission spectrum (AES) and atomic absorption spectrum (AAS), usually the ground state of steam condition
The radiation of the suitable specific frequency of Atomic absorption and excite to upper state, then launched in the form of light radiation in excitation process
The fluorescence of characteristic wavelength.By the fluorescence intensity in measurement sample, the method that assay is carried out to the element of sample.
The specific instrumentation of above method is detailed in pertinent instruments operation manual.The detection method of content of each nutritional ingredient with
The above method is similar, or measures by conventional method in that art.Each nutritional ingredient and heavy metal component are in crop planting environment (soil
Earth and/or water body) in loss amount (Leaching loss) press ordinary skill in the art canonical measure.
Nutrient ingredient in 1.1 detection self-prepared organic fertilizers, chicken manure and pig manure
Self-prepared organic fertilizer is using sufficiently decomposed mushroom slag: chicken manure: vegetable castoff=1:4:2,3000kg/667m2.Inspection
Survey method uses NY 525-2012, and testing result is as shown in table 1 below:
Table 1: the content of nutrient ingredient N, P, K in self-prepared organic fertilizer, chicken manure and pig manure
| Organic fertilizer | Total nitrogen content RN/ (%) | Available phosphorus content RP/ (%) | Effective potassium content RK/ (%) |
| Self-prepared organic fertilizer | 4.0 | 3.6 | 2.98 |
| Chicken manure | 2.25 | 0.078 | 0.595 |
| Pig manure | 2.90 | 0.074 | 0.47 |
The content of heavy metal component in 1.2 detection self-prepared organic fertilizers, chicken manure and pig manure
China does not formulate the Con trolling index of feces of livestock and poultry heavy metal also at present, according to the Ministry of Agriculture of China organic fertilizer industry mark
Quasi- (NY/525-2012, the standard do not make limitation to Cu, Zn content), the application critical value (mg/kg) of Cd and Pb are respectively 3
With 50.According to the pollutant catabolic gene standard (GB4284-1984) in China's agricultural sludge, the application critical value (mg/ of Cu and Zn
It kg) is 250 and 500.Therefore according to existing measurement result, Cu's and Zn in fowl and animal excrement is exceeded generally existing, unreasonable
Application will lead to Soil Environmental Pollution.Testing result is as shown in table 2 below:
Table 2: the content of heavy metal component Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in self-prepared organic fertilizer, chicken manure and pig manure
The loss amount (Leaching loss) of each nutritional ingredient of 1.3 detections and heavy metal component in the soil
By taking certain the Shanghai nonirrigated farmland experimental plot for planting cucumber as an example, the average value of detection nitrogen leakage flow vector is 138.34kg/
hm2, the average value of phosphorus leakage flow vector is 0.213kg/hm2；The average value of nitrogen Loss in Runoff amount is 72kg/hm2, phosphorus runoff stream
The average value of vector is 26.5kg/hm2；It is 154kg/hm in total Leaching loss of the entire breeding time Potassium in Soils of cucumber2；It also examines simultaneously
The leaching loss data of check weighing metal component Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb, calculating its Leaching loss is respectively 1.101kg/hm2、6.71kg/hm2、
267.2kg/hm2And 26.72kg/hm2.Specific detection data and the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3: the loss amount (Leaching loss) of each nutritional ingredient and heavy metal component in the soil
2. step 2, the magnitude of recruitment for calculating each nutritional ingredient calculate the Rate of Organic Fertilizer for meeting each nutritional ingredient demand,
Select suitable value as practical organic manure application rate from the Rate of Organic Fertilizer for meeting each nutritional ingredient demand.
2.1 cucumber different growing stages mineral element demands
In entire growth phase, cucumber plant Mineral Elements Content is constantly accumulated, the change of different Mineral Element Accumulation amounts
Change trend is almost the same.As shown in table 4, different phase cucumber absorbs the variation of mineral element absorption amount.
Table 4: different phase cucumber absorbs the variation of mineral element absorption amount
It is calculated by this test seeding row spacing 30cm × 100cm, per hectare can be colonized 3.33 ten thousand plants, and average product is
177500kg/hm2.Further according to 3 different stages of growth cucumber single plant mineral element average absorption amount of table, so that it may estimate greenhouse
The Winter-Spring stubble per hectare cucumber plant nutritional amt that different stages of growth are absorbed under the yield (table 5), the data can be used as
Determine the important evidence of cucumber dose.
Table 5: present greenhouse winter-spring cucumber different growing stages mineral element demand
Using same method, calculating cucumber number of days 0-100 after emergence is 154.52g/hm to cadmium Cd demand2,
It is 57.176 × 10 to lead Pb demand-3g/hm2,
2.2 embodiments 1 are for applying self-prepared organic fertilizer, according to cucumber in different growth and development stages, to N, K, P tri-
The sum of kind mineral element absorption amount accounts for 80% or more of gross absorption.Therefore with the big nutrition member of N, K, P tri- of growth cycle
Underlying parameter of the demand of element as cucumber normal growth organic manure application rate analogy method, in conjunction in growth course three big members
The content of nutrient in the wastage and organic fertilizer of element calculates and maintains the self-prepared organic fertilizer of cucumber healthy growth practical
Amount of application.
Simulated by method model of the invention, the interpretation of result of embodiment 1 is as follows: during cucumber growth, to nitrogen and
Potassium element has the call, respectively 168.3kg/hm2And 169.5kg/hm2, it is less for the demand of P elements, be
43.8kg/hm2.Respectively in connection with the loss amount of three big nutrient ingredient N, K, P, to calculate magnitude of recruitment be respectively 378.64kg/
hm2、323.5kg/hm2And 70.5kg/hm2, further according to the content for each accounting for self-prepared organic fertilizer, calculated self-prepared organic fertilizer is applied
Dosage is 9466kg/hm2、10855.7kg/hm2And 1958.33kg/hm2, for the capacity production for guaranteeing cucumber, take amount of application
Maximum value be the practical amount of application 10855.7kg of self-prepared organic fertilizer that should apply of final per hectare.
2.3 embodiments 2 are by taking chicken manure as an example, according to cucumber in different growth and development stages, to tri- kinds of mineral elements of N, K, P
The sum of uptake accounts for 80% or more of gross absorption.Therefore with the demand of the big nutrient of N, K, P tri- of growth cycle
As the underlying parameter of cucumber normal growth chicken manure amount of application simulation, wastage and chicken in conjunction in growth course three big elements
The content of nutrient in excrement calculates the practical amount of application of chicken manure for maintaining cucumber healthy growth.
Simulated by method model of the invention, the interpretation of result of embodiment 2 is as follows: during cucumber growth, to nitrogen and
Potassium element has the call, respectively 168.3kg/hm2And 169.5kg/hm2, it is less for the demand of P elements, be
43.8kg/hm2.Magnitude of recruitment is calculated respectively in connection with the loss amount of three big nutrient ingredient N, K, P, further according to each accounting for chicken manure
The calculated chicken manure amount of application of content be 16828.4kg/hm2、54369kg/hm2And 90478kg/hm2, due to each in chicken manure
Content of beary metal is excessively high, and to reduce heavy metal pollution, the practical amount of application of chicken manure that choosing per hectare at this time should apply is
16828.4kg/hm2.K, the difference of P is supplemented by the K in soil, P element background values, does not influence the normal growth of crop.
2.4 embodiments 3 are by taking pig manure as an example, according to cucumber in different growth and development stages, to tri- kinds of mineral elements of N, K, P
The sum of uptake accounts for 80% or more of gross absorption.Therefore with the demand of the big nutrient of N, K, P tri- of growth cycle
As the underlying parameter of cucumber normal growth pig manure amount of application simulation, wastage and pig in conjunction in growth course three big elements
The content of nutrient in excrement calculates the practical amount of application of pig manure for maintaining cucumber healthy growth.
Simulated by method model of the invention, the interpretation of result of embodiment 3 is as follows: during cucumber growth, to nitrogen and
Potassium element has the call, respectively 168.3kg/hm2And 169.5kg/hm2, it is less for the demand of P elements, be
43.8kg/hm2.Magnitude of recruitment is calculated respectively in connection with the loss amount of three big nutrient ingredient N, P, K, further according to each accounting for pig manure
The calculated pig manure amount of application of content be 13056.6kg/hm2、68829kg/hm2And 95368kg/hm2, due to each in pig manure
Content of beary metal is excessively high, and to reduce heavy metal pollution, the practical amount of application of pig manure that choosing per hectare at this time should apply is
13056.6kg/hm2.K, the difference of P is supplemented by the K in soil, P element background values, does not influence the normal growth of crop.
3. step 3, the total input amount for calculating each heavy metal component, calculate the general output of each heavy metal component.
In 3.1 embodiments 1, according to the content of the heavy metal component in the amount of application and self-prepared organic fertilizer of self-prepared organic fertilizer,
It calculates application of organic fertilizers and gives soil bring heavy metal input quantity, the total of tetra- heavy metal species ingredient of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn is calculated
Input amount is respectively as follows: 2.8455kg/hm2、0.2648kg/hm2、0.0675kg/hm2And 2.98kg/hm2。
, to the demand of heavy metal and the Leaching loss of heavy metal in soil, to calculate weight in soil during cucumber growth
The input quantity of metal, the general output of tetra- heavy metal species of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn are as follows: 1.24kg/hm2、0.18124kg/hm2、
0.324376kg/hm2And 7.215kg/hm2。
In 3.2 embodiments 2, according to the content of heavy metal component in the amount of application and chicken manure of chicken manure, calculates application chicken manure and give
Soil bring heavy metal input quantity, total input amount of tetra- heavy metal species of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn are respectively as follows: 2.238kg/hm2、
0.00236kg/hm2、0.0081kg/hm2And 6.3275kg/hm2。
, to the demand of heavy metal and the Leaching loss of heavy metal in soil, to calculate weight in soil during cucumber growth
The general output of the input quantity of metal, tetra- heavy metal species of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn is respectively as follows: 1.24kg/hm2、0.18124kg/hm2、
0.324376kg/hm2And 7.215kg/hm2。
In 3.3 embodiments 3, according to the content of heavy metal component in the amount of application and pig manure of pig manure, calculates application pig manure and give
Soil bring heavy metal input quantity, total input amount of tetra- heavy metal species of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn is respectively 5.714kg/hm2、
0.0027kg/hm2、0.104kg/hm2And 17.7086kg/hm2。
, to the demand of heavy metal and the Leaching loss of heavy metal in soil, to calculate weight in soil during cucumber growth
The general output of the input quantity of metal, tetra- heavy metal species of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn is respectively as follows: 1.24kg/hm2、0.18124kg/hm2、
0.324376kg/hm2And 7.215kg/hm2。
4. step 4, the difference for calculating heavy metal total input amount and general output, using the difference as heavy metal pollution amount
Judgment criteria.When the difference≤0, i.e. the general output of total input amount≤heavy metal component of heavy metal component, the heavy metal
The contaminant capacity of ingredient is 0；As difference > 0, i.e. the general output of total input amount > heavy metal component of heavy metal component should
Difference machine is denoted as the contaminant capacity of the heavy metal component.
In 4.1 embodiments 1, total input amount of Cd, Pb and Zn are respectively less than its general output, therefore the pollution of Cd, Pb and Zn
Amount is 0kg/hm2；Total input amount of Cu is greater than general output, calculates the difference 1.6055kg/hm of total input amount and general output2
For the contaminant capacity of Cu.That is, the existing pollution of the fertilizer applications of self-prepared organic fertilizer used in Example 1 is that Cu pollutes,
Pollution condition is not present in other heavy metals.
In 4.2 embodiments 2, total input amount of Cd, Pb and Zn are respectively less than its general output, therefore the pollution of Cd, Pb and Zn
Amount is 0kg/hm2；Total input amount of Cu is greater than general output, calculates the difference 0.9982kg/hm of total input amount and general output2
For the contaminant capacity of Cu.That is, the existing pollution of the fertilizer applications of the chicken manure used in embodiment 2 is Cu pollution, other are heavy
Pollution condition is not present in metal.
In 4.3 embodiments 3, total input amount of Cd and Pb are respectively less than its general output, therefore the contaminant capacity of Cd and Pb is
0kg/hm2；Total input amount of Cu and Zn is greater than general output, calculates the difference 4.475kg/hm of total input amount and general output2For
The contaminant capacity of Cu, and the contaminant capacity of Zn is 10.49kg/hm2.That is, the fertilizer applications of the pig manure used in embodiment 3 are deposited
Pollution be Cu pollution and Zn pollution.The circular of each parameter in the step 2-4 of embodiment 1-3 is as shown in table 6.
The circular of each parameter of table 6
It by means of the present invention, can be real for other mineral elements such as Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, B, Mo etc. in soil
Existing effective monitoring, can predict that the temporal regularity of above-mentioned each mineral element environmental pollution and environment are most when application of organic fertilizers
Big bearing capacity.
To sum up, method of the invention, by detection organic fertilizer nutritional ingredient and heavy metal element characteristic, by analyzing soil
Characteristic, in conjunction with the nutritional need of crop growth phase, can prejudge before fertilising may using the fertilizer applications of the organic fertilizer
Can be caused by soil the case where heavy metal pollution, the maximum of the temporal regularity and environment of predicting the organic fertilizer environmental pollution is held
Carrying capacity has great theory directive significance for organic fertilizer amount of application in production practices.On the basis of method of the invention, build
Found relevant organic fertilizer scientific and efficient can be managed animal waste comprehensive utilization using with management measure, guarantee
The pollution of Organic Manure on Soil and surrounding enviroment is controlled while resource makes full use of.
5. in order to assess the accuracy of the threshold limit value model for the organic fertilizer environmental pollution that method of the invention is established and
Validity, the present invention provide following comparative example:
Embodiment 1,2,3 self-prepared organic fertilizers detected, chicken manure, pig manure is respectively adopted in comparative example 1,2,3, and presses embodiment
1,2, the 3 calculated dose of institute, carries out 1 hectare of green cucumber respectively on same nonirrigated farmland experimental plot, complete by one
The cucumber growth period (number of days 0-100 after emergence), detect the Heavy Metal Accumulation in 0~20cm soil in the nonirrigated farmland experimental plot
Amount.
Through detecting, in comparative example 1,2, the content of Cd, Pb and Zn have no increase in soil, and the content of Cu has obvious increasing
Add.In comparative example 3, the content of Cd and Pb has no increase in soil, and Zn and Cu content is significantly increased.This explanation uses this hair
The threshold limit value model for the organic fertilizer environmental pollution that bright method is established predicts the result of heavy metal pollution in embodiment 1,2,3
Be actually consistent, accuracy rate is up to 100%.In the actually detected heavy metal pollution amount of comparative example 1,2,3 and embodiment 1,2,3
Predict the error of heavy metal pollution amount less than 5%.
6. the threshold limit value model for the organic fertilizer environmental pollution that method of the invention is established can refer in production practice
Lead organic fertilizer amount of application.For example, can detecte out the total defeated of the maximum heavy metal component of contaminant capacity by means of the present invention
Output, in conjunction with step 1 detect organic fertilizer in each heavy metal component content, can be converted into the maximum heavy metal of contaminant capacity at
Organic manure application rate corresponding to the general output divided (applies fertilizer, the contaminant capacity of the heavy metal component is theoretically by this amount of application
0), according to the calculated organic manure application rate, the content of each nutritional ingredient, crops in step 1 organic fertilizer detected
The loss amount for each nutritional ingredient that each nutritional ingredient demand and step 1 are measured is converted into meet each nutritional ingredient demand
The nutritional ingredient magnitude of recruitment that should additionally supplement is measured, nutritional ingredient magnitude of recruitment may be appropriately used N fertilizer, K fertilizer, P fertilizer, will additionally mend
The nutritional ingredient magnitude of recruitment filled is added in the aforementioned organic manure application rate selected in one's power for applying fertilizer.According to these mineral elements
In the absorption characteristics of cucumber different stages of growth, production mineral battalion can be imposed for cucumber according to absorbing rule is planned
It supports.
By above-mentioned application, the cultivation fertilizer requirement in field can be evaluated whether to mineral element absorption amount according to crops, but practical
These numerical value will be a certain deviation under the conditions of upper varying environment.The organic manure application rate that this research calculates can carry out science
The Nutrition Management of arviculture, this is not only avoided fertilising insufficient to a certain extent or fertilizer is caused to waste, and also can avoid supporting
Divide unbalance, control environmental pollution.
In conclusion the various embodiments described above and attached drawing are only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to limit this
The protection scope of invention, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done all are answered
It is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of environmental pollution caused by detection fertilising, which comprises the following steps:
The content of each nutritional ingredient and heavy metal component, measures above-mentioned each nutritional ingredient and heavy metal in step 1, detection organic fertilizer
Loss amount of the ingredient in crop planting environment；Measurement sample solution and blank solution are first prepared, spectrophotometric is then used
Method, atomic absorption spectrography (AAS) or atomic fluorescence spectrometry carry out containing measurement nutritional ingredient each in organic fertilizer and heavy metal component
It is fixed；
Step 2 is calculated according to loss amount of the crops to each nutritional ingredient that each nutritional ingredient demand and step 1 are measured
The magnitude of recruitment of each nutritional ingredient out, according to each nutritional ingredient in the magnitude of recruitment of each nutritional ingredient and step 1 organic fertilizer detected
Content the Rate of Organic Fertilizer for meeting each nutritional ingredient demand is calculated, from the organic fertilizer for meeting each nutritional ingredient demand
Practical organic manure application rate is filtered out in dosage；
The content of each heavy metal component is calculated in step 3, the organic fertilizer detected according to practical organic manure application rate and step 1
Total input amount of each heavy metal component, each heavy metal that each heavy metal component demand and step 1 are measured according to crops
The general output of each heavy metal component is calculated in the loss amount of ingredient；
Step 4, the size and calculating difference for comparing the total input amount of heavy metal and general output, using the difference as heavy metal pollution
The judgment criteria of amount: when the total input amount of general output >=heavy metal component of heavy metal component, the dirt of the heavy metal component
Dye amount is 0；When the general output of heavy metal component is less than total input amount of heavy metal component, the contaminant capacity of the heavy metal component
For the difference of the general output of total input amount and heavy metal component of heavy metal component.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the nutritional ingredient includes N, K, P, Ca element.
3. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the heavy metal component includes Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, Cd element.
4. method as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, which is characterized in that the crops be cucumber, the nutritional ingredient be N, K,
P element, heavy metal component Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd element.
5. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 1, loss amount be soil permeability number of dropouts with
The summation of the number of dropouts of rainwash.
6. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 2, magnitude of recruitment=nutrition of the nutritional ingredient
The summation of the loss amount of composition requirements amount and nutritional ingredient meets Rate of Organic Fertilizer=nutritional ingredient of nutritional ingredient demand
The content of magnitude of recruitment ÷ nutritional ingredient.
7. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 2, when organic fertilizer is chicken manure or pig manure, choosing
Taking the minimum value in the Rate of Organic Fertilizer for meeting each nutritional ingredient demand is practical organic manure application rate.
8. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 2, when organic fertilizer is self-prepared organic fertilizer, choosing
Taking the maximum value in the Rate of Organic Fertilizer for meeting each nutritional ingredient demand is practical organic manure application rate.
9. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 3, total input amount of the heavy metal component=
Organic manure application rate × heavy metal component content, general output=heavy metal component demand of the heavy metal component with again
The loss amount of metal component.
10. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include step 5, according to the maximum heavy metal of contaminant capacity at
The content of each heavy metal component is converted into the organic fertilizer that contaminant capacity is 0 and applies in the organic fertilizer that the general output and step 1 divided detects
Organic manure application rate that dosage is 0 according to contaminant capacity, the content of each nutritional ingredient, crops in step 1 organic fertilizer detected
Each nutritional ingredient demand is converted into meet to the loss amount for each nutritional ingredient that each nutritional ingredient demand and step 1 are measured
Measure the nutritional ingredient magnitude of recruitment that should additionally supplement, the nutritional ingredient magnitude of recruitment additionally supplemented is added to contaminant capacity to be had for 0
For applying fertilizer in machine fertilizer amount of application.
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