CN104003764A - Fermentation device for rapid thorough decomposition of livestock excrements and using method thereof - Google Patents
Fermentation device for rapid thorough decomposition of livestock excrements and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104003764A CN104003764A CN201410238260.2A CN201410238260A CN104003764A CN 104003764 A CN104003764 A CN 104003764A CN 201410238260 A CN201410238260 A CN 201410238260A CN 104003764 A CN104003764 A CN 104003764A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Abstract
The invention discloses a fermentation device for the rapid thorough decomposition of livestock excrements and a using method and effects thereof. The device is beautiful and practical in design, has hollow cylinder shaped appearance, and comprises a fermentation system, a monitoring system, a ventilation system, a percolation and collection system and a heat preservation system. The device can carry out sensing determination on temperature and humidity, gas and pressure, and in combination with sampling analysis, provides timely and comprehensive data for the fermentation of livestock; the device can be subjected to full-sealed heat preservation, the temperature and pressure of the device can be controlled, the highest fermentation temperature is 55-60 DEG C, and the pressure is 0.02-0.03 Mpa; according to sampling, discharging, cleaning and appearance requirements, auxiliary tools such as a sampling tube and a discharge scraping rake are arranged and a design for preventing materials from falling into an air distribution chamber from a fermentation chamber is performed; under the action of temperature and pressure control and the like, the device is adopted for fermenting livestock excrements, through contrast in the aspects of available nutrients, bacterial count, escherichia coli and fermentation period, the fermentation effect of the device is better than those of temperature/pressure-uncontrollable devices and comparable common plastic buckets with a same volume, temperature/pressure-controllable fermentation is implemented in 12-15 days, and temperature/pressure-uncontrollable fermentation is implemented in 18 days, 42 days in contrast.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biological fermentation and process feces of livestock and poultry technical field, relate to a kind of fermentation unit for feces of livestock and poultry quick composting and using method and effect.
Background technology
Nuisanceless, green agriculture, Organic farming and industrialized agriculture develop on a large scale, mean and will constantly increase the demand of the organic fertilizer as base manure.At present, the source of fertilizer in facilities vegetable plantation, the overwhelming majority is supplied by traditional feces of livestock and poultry stack retting method, because the time of banking up is long and extensive, ferments not thorough, does not conform to completely with the step of greatly developing industrialized agriculture.The application of organic fertilizer in industrialized agriculture plantation, except only a few is from organic fertilizer production enterprise purchases decomposed manure product, the overwhelming majority is near plant, to buy excrement by peasant oneself, then bank up near booth and carry out spontaneous fermentation, do not carry out the adjusting of moisture content, do not carry out the process of killing of disease worm's ovum yet, more do not carry out the aerobic fermenting process that becomes thoroughly decomposed, even banking up of having immediately used for several days, during use, moisture content is large, distribute stench, burn seedling and disease and pest phenomenon serious, strengthened pesticides application amount, the Quality Safety of agricultural-food in serious threat.
The construction of conservation culture be unable to do without to be processed fast and effectively to countryside wastes such as feces of livestock and poultry, and the supervision of agricultural product security be unable to do without the use to the correct safety of the organic fertilizer such as feces of livestock and poultry.Fertilizer is as a kind of base manure, and in facilities vegetable plantation, tool plays a very important role, and therefore, the tradition of the feces of livestock and poultry fermentation process of banking up, certainly will have influence on the quality and yield of facilities vegetable, also will finally affect and hinder the developing goal of industrialized agriculture.Therefore, work out a kind of new device, product innovation or new technology of feces of livestock and poultry quick composting of can making imperative.At present, the research of domestic fermentation unit is a lot, but in 55 ℃～60 ℃ temperature ranges and the research of carrying out livestock manure fermented under 0.02～0.03Mpa pressure condition also do not relate to.
Based on this, special proposition the present invention.This invention relates to a kind of fermentation unit for feces of livestock and poultry quick composting, can quick composting feces of livestock and poultry, there are fermentation and monitoring two large experiential functions.Device fully-closed, is equipped with Insulation and demand system, is provided with convenient and practical thief hole and discharge port, and the sight vane of being convenient to observation is installed.
Summary of the invention
The feces of livestock and poultry quick composting fermentation unit that the invention provides a kind of design science, attractive in appearance, acid and alkali-resistance, heatproof, practicality and can monitor.This device can carry out the sensing determination of temperature, humidity, gas and pressure; in conjunction with sampling analysis; for livestock manure fermented provides timely and comprehensive experimental data; to instruct feces of livestock and poultry mass-producing quick fermentation production; can solve the pollution of area source problem of feces of livestock and poultry on the one hand, can be on the other hand agriculture production organic fertilizer source is safely and efficiently provided in a large number.
For achieving the above object, disclosure of the invention a kind of fermentation unit for feces of livestock and poultry quick composting, the cylinder that the profile that it is characterized in that it is hollow, comprises fermentation system, Monitoring systems, ventilation system, permeated liquid system and the large system of heat-insulation system 5; Described fermentation system is connected with Monitoring systems, and Monitoring systems is carried out reading, store, manage and printing of data by microcomputer and printer;
Wherein fermentation system comprises: proving room 1, thief hole 2, discharge port 3, inner core 4, urceolus 5, thermal insulation layer 6, flange seal insulation cover 7, opening for feed 8, sight vane 9, support 23 and set screw nut 24, also comprise the various holes of opening to other system;
Thief hole 2 is opened in the middle of proving room 1 one sides, discharge port 3 is opened in the bottom of proving room 1, put down in the surface of gas distribution porous plate 18 discharge port bottom, thief hole 2 is opened in the same side of proving room 1 with discharge port 3, the center of circle is on same vertical line, inner core 4 is positioned in urceolus 5, and fix in welded top, two equal vertical parallel of inside and outside wall, and form a cavity, fill insulating cotton in cavity after, form thermal insulation layer 6, at the top of inner/outer tube junction, be provided with a circle edge section that protrudes from cylindrical shell and be parallel to ground, be flange-like, and in the upper nut bore that has, flange seal lid 7 is also flange-like, also edge has nut bore again, the edge section arranging with inner/outer tube top by set screw nut 24 is fixed and is connected, opening for feed 8 is opened in a side of flange seal insulation cover 7 thermal insulation layers, protrude from flange seal insulation cover and form flange-like, can be fixed and be connected with opening for feed 8 sealing thermal insulation lids, sight vane 9 is opened in the central authorities of opening for feed 8 sealing thermal insulation lids, in the middle of urceolus 5 outer walls, symmetrical place, both sides is respectively provided with 1 handles, support 23 is installed on the bottom of fermentation unit.
Monitoring systems comprises: humidity gas sensor 10, temperature and pressure transmitter 11, data transducer 12 and microcomputer 13;
Open between flange seal insulation cover 7 centers of circle and inner core 4 inwalls in humidity gas sensor 10 holes and temperature and pressure transmitter 11 holes, with internal thread, punch, on sensor, there is outside screw, can be fixed on flange seal insulation cover 7, sensor is connected with data transducer 12, and data transducer 12 is connected on microcomputer 13.
Ventilation system comprises gas blower 14, temperature controller, time controller, pressure controller and under meter 15, gas distributing pipeline 16, cloth air chamber 17, gas distribution porous plate 18, gas distribution porous plate draw ring 19, outlet pipe 20;
Gas blower 14 is connected with under meter 15 with temperature controller time controller pressure controller, controller 15 is connected with gas distributing pipeline 16, gas distributing pipeline 16 enters from cloth air chamber 17 through urceolus 5 and inner core 4, cloth air chamber 17 barrels are provided with an outstanding annular collar, gas distribution porous plate 18 is placed on outstanding annular collar, gas distribution porous plate is removable, near symmetrical place on limit, is provided with two gas distribution porous plate draw rings 19, and outlet pipe 20 is installed on a side on flange seal insulation cover 7.
Permeated liquid system comprises: collecting chamber 17(is cloth air chamber), diafiltration porous plate 18(is gas distribution porous plate), slope 21 and percolate pipeline valve 22; Collecting chamber 17(is cloth air chamber) bottom is for slope;
Collecting chamber (17) bottom is slope 21, and percolate outlet is positioned at lowest part, and drainage pipeline 25 is connected with percolate outlet, and percolate pipeline valve 22 is installed on bottom of device.
Heat-insulation system comprises: thief hole 2 insulation plugs, discharge port 3 insulation plugs, inner core 4, urceolus 5, thermal insulation layer 6, flange seal insulation cover 7, opening for feed 8 insulation covers and sight vane 9 insulation plugs.
Thief hole 2 insulation plugs and discharge port 3 insulation plugs are by the airtight fermentation unit side that is connected and fixed on of set screw nut 24, flange seal insulation cover 7 is by the airtight fermentation unit top that is connected and fixed on of set screw nut 24, opening for feed 8 sealing thermal insulation lids are connected and fixed on flange seal insulation cover 7 by set screw nut 24 is airtight, and sight vane 9 sealing thermal insulation plugs directly insert in sight vane 9.
Profile of the present invention is the cylinder height 1220mm of hollow, inner core 4 diameter 500mm, urceolus 5 diameter 600mm, thermal insulation layer 6 thickness 50mm.
Described inner core 4 materials are polypropylene material; Urceolus 5 materials are stainless material; Thermal insulation layer 6 materials are insulating cotton.
Described thief hole 2 internal diameter 80mm, discharge port 3 internal diameter 260mm, opening for feed 8 internal diameter 200mm; Flange seal lid 7 is also filled insulating cotton and is set up sealing-ring, is provided with nut bore, by nut 24 with nut bore be set on cylinder be connected, make can closely fix between stopper and cylinder, reach and be incubated and airtight effect.
Described flange seal covers 7 overall diameter 700mm, thermal insulation layer section diameter 500mm, and thickness 50mm, and nut bore edge section, thickness is 20mm; Sight vane 9 is opened in the central authorities of opening for feed insulation cover 8, for transparent material, makes, and is installed on the nexine of opening for feed insulation cover, and internal diameter is 60mm, and is furnished with insulation plug.Sight vane 9 is used for observing the physical state of livestock manure fermented, for transparent material, makes, and is installed on the nexine of opening for feed insulation cover, and internal diameter is 60mm, while not observing, with insulation plug jam-pack, is beneficial to insulation; Open between the flange seal lid center of circle and inner core edge in humidity gas sensor 10 holes and temperature and pressure transmitter 11 holes, use internal thread to punch, diameter is 25mm, the used time is not with stopper beyond the Great Wall, used time is plugged various sensors, and the high 150mm of support 23, facilitates the operation and maintenance of percolate pipeline, in the middle of cylinder outer wall, symmetrical place, both sides is respectively provided with 1 handles, facilitates the carrying of experimental installation.
The high 900mm of described proving room, the high 100mm of cloth air chamber 17, two Room separate by gas distribution porous plate 18, and gas distribution porous plate aperture is 2mm, 3mm or 4mm.
Thief hole 2 of the present invention, discharge port 3 and opening for feed 8 are all filled insulating cotton and are set up sealing-ring and make the stopper with handle, the long 60mm of handle, be provided with nut bore, can by nut 24 with nut bore be set on cylinder be connected, make can closely fix between stopper and cylinder, reach insulation and airtight effect.
The present invention further discloses the method that adopts the fermentation unit of feces of livestock and poultry quick composting to ferment, it is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
(1) raw materials pretreatment: feces of livestock and poultry, bacterial classification are mixed with other auxiliary material, make the carbon-nitrogen ratio of fermentation materials reach 25～30:1, moisture reaches 55～60%; Described feces of livestock and poultry refers to the ight soil being produced by livestock and poultry such as ox, pig, chicken, sheep, horse, ducks; Bacterial classification refers to feces of livestock and poultry decomposing microbial inoculum, subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), streptomyces microflavus (Streptomyces microflavus), long handle wood mould (Trichoderma longbrachiatum) and Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus), consists of.Other auxiliary material refers to mushroom residue and brown coal etc.; Feces of livestock and poultry: other auxiliary material: the ratio of weight and number of bacterial classification is 80:19.9:0.1.
(2) preparation before charging: first the flange insulation plug that is equipped with sealing-ring is inserted to thief hole and discharge port, and be fixed on fermentation tank body with nut screwing clamping; Secondly with porous plate hook, put a gas distribution porous plate and be placed on the outstanding annular collar of gas distribution chamber interior walls, then tighten mounting flange sealing thermal insulation and be placed on fermentation tank body; Next all the sensors element is installed fixedly on flange seal insulation cover, again various sensors are connected on data transducer, to be presented on microcomputer and be convenient to reading, store, manage and printing of data by data transducer leavening temperature, humidity, pressure and gas situation, temperature sensor can be surveyed the leavening temperature of proving room upper, middle and lower-ranking; And percolate outlet valve is closed; Finally, take out opening for feed sealing thermal insulation lid, expose opening for feed;
(3) charging: the good fermentation raw material of pre-treatment is evenly put into by opening for feed to be with graduated proving room, material stacking height be 85cm;
(4) fermentation: cover opening for feed sealing thermal insulation plug and sight vane insulation plug, the fermentation initial stage, by time controller in 8 points, 16 and 24 every days to fermentation heap body forced ventilation three times, each ventilation time 40 minutes, is entering ferment middle until leavening temperature reaches 55 ℃; Ferment middle after reaching 55 ℃ continuous three days stuffy, after three days, application of temperature controller, time controller, pressure controller and air outlet valve are controlled, leavening temperature is controlled between 55 ℃～60 ℃, over 60 ℃, forced ventilation 40 minutes, keep fermentation unit constant pressure at 0.02～0.03Mpa, until temperature is reduced to 55 ℃ under starting, enter the fermentation later stage; It is 20 minutes that fermentation later stage application time controller is controlled ventilation time at every turn, and 4 hours time of having a rest, until leavening temperature is the same with ambient temperature, whole fermentation period is approximately 12～15 days;
(5) sampling detects: sampling comprises the sampling of fermentation materials and percolate, fermentation materials sampling minute four times, fermentation initial stage, ferment middle, fermentation later stage and fermentation finished product, fermentation initial stage, ferment middle, fermentation later stage are extracted from fermentation unit thief hole, open thief hole flange seal plug, by the supporting sampling shovel insertion fermentation chamber of the present invention's design, sample, during extraction, sample stays in sampling shovel groove, and the sampling of fermentation finished product is extracted constantly in discharging.The sampling of percolate is got from percolate outlet.
(6) discharging: open discharge port flange seal insulation plug after having fermented, discharging.
The present invention further discloses the fermentation unit for feces of livestock and poultry quick composting, and the application aspect raising rotten degree, available nutrient transformation efficiency and bacterium number and shortening fermentation period.Described contrive equipment has accelerated fermenting speed and the fermented quality of feces of livestock and poultry by the effect of pressure control, temperature control, ventilation, insulation and leachate collection.
Fermentation unit for feces of livestock and poultry quick composting provided by the invention, has following technical characterstic:
(1) fully-closed insulation design, can carry out temperature control, and the highest leavening temperature is controlled between 55 ℃～60 ℃.
(2) can under 0.02～0.03Mpa pressure, carry out the quick fermentation research of feces of livestock and poultry.
(3) proving room is provided with scale, is beneficial to the stable of charge amount, has carried out preventing that fermentation materials from falling into the design of cloth air chamber from proving room, and the design of be convenient to ferment secondary fermentation chamber and gas distribution chamber clean.
(4) according to the requirement of fermentation unit sampling, discharging and cleaning, and the profile feature of coupling apparatus, rake is scraped in stopple coupon, the discharging that has designed one integrated mass and porous plate takes out hook as fermentation auxiliary means.
The advantage that the present invention has for the fermentation unit of feces of livestock and poultry quick composting is:
(1) lower than the fermentation of 60 ℃, both can prevent that high temperature from suppressing microbial growth, hinder the speed of fermentation, guaranteed that again sick worm's ovum and the weed seed in feces of livestock and poultry can kill.
(2) fermentation under certain process stage can promote bioenzyme activity, accelerates fermenting speed and the quality of feces of livestock and poultry.
(3) with fermentation unit of the present invention, carry out the processing fermentation of feces of livestock and poultry, the degree, available nutrient of becoming thoroughly decomposed transforms, bacterium is counted content and fermentation period significantly better than the fermentation of contrast same volume plastic tank, device temperature control is pressed fermentation period 12-15 days, and temperature control is not pressed fermentation period 18 days, contrasts 42 days.
(4) this fermentation unit can carry out the on-the-spot sensing determination of temperature, humidity, gas, pressure; in conjunction with sampling analysis; for livestock manure fermented provides timely and comprehensive experimental data, to instruct, this fermentation unit of feces of livestock and poultry mass-producing quick fermentation production is easy to use, cleaning is convenient.
Accompanying drawing explanation
1, Fig. 1 is the longitudinal section of feces of livestock and poultry quick composting fermentation unit;
2, Fig. 2 is the vertical view of feces of livestock and poultry quick composting fermentation unit;
3, Fig. 3 is the side elevational view of feces of livestock and poultry quick composting fermentation unit.
Wherein:
1 is proving room, 2 is thief hole, 3 is discharge port, 4 is inner core, 5 is urceolus, 6 is thermal insulation layer, 7 is flange seal insulation cover, 8 is opening for feed, 9 sight vanes, 10 is humidity gas sensor, 11 is temperature and pressure transmitter, 12 is data transducer, 13 is microcomputer, 14 is gas blower, 15 is temperature controller, time controller, pressure controller and under meter, 16 is gas distributing pipeline, 17 is cloth air chamber, 18 is gas distribution porous plate, 19 is gas distribution porous plate draw ring, 20 is that outlet pipe 21 is slope, 22 is percolate pipeline valve, 23 is that support and 24 is set screw nut.
Embodiment
Following embodiment is convenient to understand better the present invention, but does not limit the present invention.Polypropylene material wherein, stainless material, insulating cotton all have commercially available.
Wherein the source of subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) is that Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center deposit number is the bacterial strain of ACCC 11089, and the source of streptomyces microflavus (Streptomyces microflavus) is that Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center deposit number is the bacterial strain of ACCC 40027; The source of long handle wood mould (Trichoderma longbrachiatum) is that Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center deposit number is the bacterial strain of ACCC 30150; The source of Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus) is that Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center deposit number is the bacterial strain of ACCC 10013.
embodiment 1:
The structure explanation of device
In conjunction with Fig. 1-3, a kind of fermentation unit for feces of livestock and poultry quick composting, the right cylinder that profile is hollow, comprises fermentation system, Monitoring systems, ventilation system, permeated liquid system and the large system of heat-insulation system 5.Fermentation system comprises proving room 1, thief hole 2, discharge port 3, inner core 4, urceolus 5, thermal insulation layer 6, flange seal insulation cover 7, opening for feed 8, sight vane 9, support 23 and set screw nut 24, also comprises the various holes of opening to other system; Monitoring systems comprises humidity gas sensor 10, temperature and pressure transmitter 11, data transducer 12 and shows microcomputer 13; Ventilation system comprises gas blower 14, temperature controller, time controller, pressure controller and under meter 15, gas distributing pipeline 16, cloth air chamber 17, gas distribution porous plate 18, gas distribution porous plate draw ring 19, outlet pipe 20; Permeated liquid system comprises that collecting chamber 17(is cloth air chamber), diafiltration porous plate 18(is gas distribution porous plate), slope 21 and percolate pipeline valve 22; Heat-insulation system comprises thief hole 2 insulation plugs, discharge port 3 insulation plugs, inner core 4, urceolus 5, thermal insulation layer 6, flange seal insulation cover 7, opening for feed 8 insulation covers and sight vane 9 insulation plugs.
Livestock manure fermenting installation, the round shape that profile is hollow, is beneficial to fermentation evenly, without dead angle.The high 1220mm of cylinder, inner core 4 diameter 500mm, urceolus 5 diameter 600mm, thermal insulation layer 6 thickness 50mm.Inner core 4 materials are that pp(is polypropylene) material, acid and alkali-resistance and high temperature resistant; Urceolus 5 materials are stainless material, corrosion-resistant, attractive in appearance, practicality; Thermal insulation layer 6 materials are insulating cotton, produce the insulation of heat for livestock manure fermented, the one, accelerate the startup of fermentation, and the 2nd, preserve gathering heat and reach 55 ℃ of above high temperature, kill and worm's ovum and weed seed.Thief hole 2, discharge port 3 and opening for feed 8 are all filled insulating cotton and are set up sealing-ring and make the stopper (2,3 and 8) with handle, long 60mm, be provided with nut bore, can by nut 24 with nut bore be set on cylinder be connected, make can closely fix between stopper and cylinder, reach insulation and airtight effect, there is easy to operate function simultaneously, thief hole 2 internal diameter 80mm, discharge port 3 internal diameter 260mm, opening for feed 8 internal diameter 200mm; Flange seal lid 7 is also filled insulating cotton and is set up sealing-ring, be provided with nut bore, can by nut 24 with nut bore be set on cylinder be connected, make can closely fix between stopper and cylinder, reach insulation and airtight effect, there is easy to operate function simultaneously, flange seal covers 7 overall diameter 700mm, thermal insulation layer section diameter 500mm, thickness 50mm, and nut bore edge section, thickness is 20mm; Sight vane 9 is opened in the central authorities of opening for feed insulation cover 8, and sight vane 9 is used for observing the physical state of SOLID ORGANIC material fermentation, for transparent material, makes, and is installed on the nexine of opening for feed insulation cover, and internal diameter is 60mm, while not observing, with insulation plug jam-pack, is beneficial to insulation; Open between the flange seal lid center of circle and inner core edge in the hole of the hole of humidity gas sensor 10 and temperature and pressure transmitter 11, and utilization internal thread punches, and diameter is 25mm, and the used time is not plugged various sensors with stopper beyond the Great Wall the used time.The high 150mm of support 23, facilitates the operation and maintenance of percolate pipeline, and in the middle of cylinder outer wall, symmetrical place, both sides is respectively provided with 1 handles, facilitates the carrying of experimental installation.
The feces of livestock and poultry that pre-treatment is good enters before proving room 1, tighten and fix thief hole 2 insulation plugs, discharge port 3 insulation plug and flange seal insulation covers 7, tighten with mounting flange sealing thermal insulation lid 7 before, gas distribution porous plate 18 is positioned on the outstanding annular collar of cloth air chamber 17 inwalls, then livestock and poultry fermentation materials is entered to proving room 1 by opening for feed 8, cover opening for feed insulation cover 8 and sight vane insulation plug 9, follow by screw thread humidity gas sensor 10, temperature and pressure transmitter 11 is fastened on flange seal insulation cover 7, again various sensors are connected on data transducer 12, by data transducer 12 leavening temperature, humidity, pressure and gas situation are presented on microcomputer 13, be convenient to reading of data, storage, management and printing.
Enter the livestock manure fermented stage below, proving room is provided with charging scale, assurance charge amount is accurate, after charging, can ventilate by gas blower 14, and by temperature controller, time controller, pressure controller and 15 periods of under meter, number of times and flow, the amount of oxygen that supply design is wanted, oxygen enters cloth air chamber 17 by intake ducting 16, and the animal dung fermentation heap body then entering in proving room 1 by the hole on gas distribution porous plate 18 carries out aerobic fermentation.The high 900mm of proving room 1, the high 100mm of cloth air chamber 17, two Room separate by gas distribution porous plate 18, gas distribution porous plate 18 for pp(be polypropylene) material, according to different material, aperture can be 2mm, 3mm and 4mm.Gas distribution porous plate 18 is positioned on the outstanding annular collar of cloth air chamber 17 inwalls, can prevent that fermentation materials from falling into cloth air chamber 17 from gas distribution porous plate 18 surroundings, also be convenient to cleaning, gas distribution porous plate 18 is removable, near symmetrical place on limit, be provided with two gas distribution porous plate draw rings 19, be convenient to use cleek from upper taking-up and placement, be also convenient to the cleaning after fermentation; In fermenting process, in proving room 1, piling the percolate that body produces can be gas distribution porous plate by diafiltration porous plate 18() to enter into collecting chamber 17(be cloth air chamber) temporarily preserve, or by percolate pipeline valve 22, discharge to collect and carry out data analysis, collecting chamber 17(is cloth air chamber) bottom is for slope, percolate mouth is lowest part, can avoid percolate is cloth air chamber at collecting chamber 17() medium-term and long-term overstocking, affect percolate analytical data.In fermenting process, can open thief hole 2 insulation plugs, with stopple coupon, sample, then in laboratory, carry out the analysis of physics, chemistry and Biological indicators, obtain best zymotechnique and parameter.
After having become thoroughly decomposed, opens livestock manure fermented discharge port 3 insulation plugs, then with scoop, from bottom, fermentation materials is slowly shoveled out, finally, with scraping rake remaining the scraping and harrow discharge port taking-up from gas distribution porous plate 18 in inside, the decomposed manure material of taking-up can be done further to detect and analyze or use for field.
embodiment 2:
the using method of fermentation unit
1, raw materials pretreatment
By dry, join the principles such as wet, feces of livestock and poultry, bacterial classification are mixed with other auxiliary material, make the carbon-nitrogen ratio of fermentation materials reach 25～30:1, moisture reaches 55～60%.Described feces of livestock and poultry refers to the ight soil being produced by livestock and poultry such as ox, pig, chicken, sheep, horse, ducks; Bacterial classification refers to feces of livestock and poultry decomposing microbial inoculum, subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), streptomyces microflavus (Streptomyces microflavus), long handle wood mould (Trichoderma longbrachiatum) and Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus), consists of.Other auxiliary material refers to mushroom residue and brown coal etc.; Feces of livestock and poultry: other auxiliary material: the ratio of weight and number of bacterial classification is 80:19.9:0.1.
2, the preparation before charging
Before charging, need do some preparations to fermentation unit.First the flange insulation plug that is equipped with sealing-ring is inserted to thief hole and discharge port, and be fixed on fermentation tank body with nut screwing clamping; Secondly with porous plate hook, put gas distribution porous plate and be placed on the outstanding annular collar of gas distribution chamber interior walls, then tighten mounting flange sealing thermal insulation and be placed on fermentation tank body; Next all the sensors element is installed fixedly on flange seal insulation cover, again various sensors are connected on data transducer, to be presented on microcomputer and be convenient to reading, store, manage and printing of data by data transducer leavening temperature, humidity, pressure and gas situation, temperature sensor can be surveyed the leavening temperature of proving room upper, middle and lower-ranking; And percolate outlet valve is closed; Finally, take out opening for feed sealing thermal insulation lid, expose opening for feed.
3, charging
The good fermentation raw material of pre-treatment is evenly put into by opening for feed to be with graduated proving room, material stacking height be 85cm.
4, fermentation
Cover opening for feed sealing thermal insulation plug and sight vane insulation plug, the fermentation initial stage, by time controller in 8 points, 16 and 24 every days to fermentation heap body forced ventilation three times, each ventilation time 40 minutes, is entering ferment middle until leavening temperature reaches 55 ℃, ferment middle after reaching 55 ℃ continuous three days stuffy, prevent from ventilating to heap body internal cooling, unfavorable harmful pathogenic micro-organism and the worm's ovums such as excrement enterobacteria and roundworm egg of killing, application of temperature controller after three days, time controller, pressure controller and air outlet valve are controlled, leavening temperature is controlled between 55 ℃～60 ℃, over 60 ℃, forced ventilation 40 minutes, but keep fermentation unit constant pressure at 0.02～0.03Mpa simultaneously, inhibition by aeration-cooling elimination high temperature to microorganism growth, thereby impel the activity of a large amount of mesophilic bacterias, accelerate the process of compost, until being reduced to 55 ℃ under starting, temperature enters the fermentation later stage, it is 20 minutes that fermentation later stage application time controller is controlled ventilation time at every turn, and 4 hours time of having a rest, until leavening temperature is the same with ambient temperature.Whole fermentation period is approximately 12～15 days.
5, sampling detects
Sampling comprises the sampling of fermentation materials and percolate, fermentation materials sampling minute four times, fermentation initial stage, ferment middle, fermentation later stage and fermentation finished product, fermentation initial stage, ferment middle, fermentation later stage are extracted from fermentation unit thief hole, open thief hole flange seal plug, by the supporting sampling shovel insertion fermentation chamber of the present invention's design, sample, during extraction, sample stays in sampling shovel groove, and the sampling of fermentation finished product is extracted constantly in discharging.The sampling of percolate is got from percolate outlet.
6, discharging
After having fermented, open discharge port flange seal insulation plug, with the supporting discharging of the present invention's design, scrape rake and carry out discharging, after discharging, with hook, gas distribution porous plate is taken out to the cleaning of carrying out proving room.
embodiment 3:
the effect of fermentation unit
Below to improve rotten degree, available nutrient and bacterium number and shortening the application test of the aspects such as fermentation time for the fermentation unit of feces of livestock and poultry quick composting.
Raw material is chicken manure+cow dung weight ratio 1:1, and auxiliary material is mushroom residue and brown coal weight ratio 1:1, wherein animal dung: auxiliary material: the ratio of weight and number of bacterial classification is 80:19.9:0.1, and water content is 55%～60%, and volume is 170L, and 25 ℃ of room temperatures are established 4 processing.Process 1: in described contrive equipment, carry out temperature-control pressure-control aerobic fermentation; Process 2: in described contrive equipment, carry out temperature control aerobic fermentation; Process 3: in described contrive equipment, carry out nature (not temperature-control pressure-control) aerobic fermentation; Process 4: spontaneous fermentation (contrast) in 170L common plastics bucket, each is processed 3 times and repeats.
Fermentation period calculates gained till being down to room temperature with leavening temperature, ferments and each processing is carried out to sampling analysis in the 12nd day, comprises available N, P, K total amount (%), bacterium number and intestinal bacteria, averages, and observes the physical condition of fermentation, and result is as shown in the table:
The treatment effect of table 1 different treatment to feces of livestock and poultry
As shown in Table 1, from indices, process 1, the ferment effect of processing 2 and processing 3 is significantly better than processing 4, wherein process 1, process 2 and in 2 days, can reach 55 ℃ with the leavening temperature of processing 3, simultaneously, process 1 and reach 60 ℃ with the highest temperature of processing 2, process 3 top temperatures and reach 72 ℃, the heat-insulation system that device is described has played good effect, in addition, high temperature action also makes germ also obtain elimination as intestinal bacteria, process 1, processing 2 and processing 3 E. coli detection results are negative, and processing 4 is positive because fermentation does not reach 55 ℃ of E. coli detection results of high temperature.Ventilation system and the permeated liquid system of device can be by ventilating and reducing the oxygen content that moisture content increases fermented product, thereby increase microbic activity, make to process 1, processing 2 and processing 3 are in aerobic fermentation, and process 4 substantially in anaerobically fermenting, the Bearing performance of fermentation is for processing 1, processing 2 enlivens with the microbe population growth and breeding of processing 3, bacterium number and available N, P, K content is as shown in table 1 all higher than processing 4, fermentation period also shortens greatly, wherein processing 1 is 12 days, processing 2 is 15 days, processing 3 is 18 days, processing 4 is 42 days, process 4 colors for light color, frowziness also, and process 1, process 2 and be chocolate with processing 3, also odorless.
Processing 1 compares and processes 3 with processing 2, owing to processing 1 and process 2 and all control the highest leavening temperature between 55～60 ℃, and the highest leavening temperature of processing 3 reaches 72 ℃, high temperature can suppress microbial growth and enzymic activity, hinder the speed of fermentation, show as the minimizing of bacterium number and the prolongation of fermentation period, process as shown in Table 1 every gram of fermented product bacterium number of 1 and reach 55.7 hundred million, fermentation period is 12 days, every gram of fermented product bacterium number of processing 2 reaches 55.1 hundred million, fermentation period is 15 days, and process 3 every gram of fermented product bacterium numbers, only have 35.3 hundred million, fermentation period is 18 days, illustrate that device can shorten material fermentation period by controlled fermentation temperature.
Process 1 and compare processing 2, owing to processing 1 controlled fermentation pressure between 0.02～0.03Mpa, and process 2 at normal atmosphere (An) bottom fermentation, data presentation is processed the rear available N of 1 fermentation, P, K content and fermentation period and is better than processing 2, illustrate that pressure has improved enzymic activity, promoted the fermenting speed of feces of livestock and poultry.
Generally speaking, by data, show, described contrive equipment has accelerated fermenting speed and the fermented quality of feces of livestock and poultry by the effect of pressure control, temperature control, ventilation, insulation and leachate collection.
Claims (9)
1. for a fermentation unit for feces of livestock and poultry quick composting, the cylinder that the profile that it is characterized in that it is hollow, comprises fermentation system, Monitoring systems, ventilation system, permeated liquid system and the large system of heat-insulation system 5; Described fermentation system is connected with Monitoring systems, and Monitoring systems is carried out reading, store, manage and printing of data by microcomputer and printer;
Wherein fermentation system comprises: proving room (1), thief hole (2), discharge port (3), inner core (4), urceolus (5), thermal insulation layer (6), flange seal insulation cover (7), opening for feed (8), sight vane (9), support (23) and set screw nut (24), also comprise the various holes of opening to other system;
Thief hole (2) is opened in the middle of proving room (1) one side, discharge port (3) is opened in the bottom of proving room (1), put down in the surface of gas distribution porous plate (18) discharge port bottom, thief hole (2) is opened in the same side of proving room (1) with discharge port (3), the center of circle is on same vertical line, inner core (4) is positioned in urceolus (5), and fix in welded top, two equal vertical parallel of inside and outside wall, and form a cavity, fill insulating cotton in cavity after, form thermal insulation layer (6), at the top of inner/outer tube junction, be provided with a circle edge section that protrudes from cylindrical shell and be parallel to ground, be flange-like, and in the upper nut bore that has, flange seal lid (7) is also flange-like, also edge has nut bore again, the edge section arranging with inner/outer tube top by set screw nut (24) is fixed and is connected, opening for feed (8) is opened in a side of flange seal insulation cover (7) thermal insulation layer, protrude from flange seal insulation cover and form flange-like, can be fixed and be connected with opening for feed (8) sealing thermal insulation lid, sight vane (9) is opened in the central authorities of opening for feed (8) sealing thermal insulation lid, in the middle of urceolus (5) outer wall, symmetrical place, both sides is respectively provided with 1 handles, support (23) is installed on the bottom of fermentation unit,
Monitoring systems comprises: humidity gas sensor (10), temperature and pressure transmitter (11), data transducer (12) and microcomputer (13);
Open between flange seal insulation cover (7) center of circle and inner core (4) inwall in humidity gas sensor (10) hole and temperature and pressure transmitter (11) hole, with internal thread, punch, on sensor, there is outside screw, can be fixed on flange seal insulation cover (7), sensor is connected with data transducer (12), and data transducer (12) is connected on microcomputer (13);
Ventilation system comprises gas blower (14), temperature controller, time controller, pressure controller and under meter (15), gas distributing pipeline (16), cloth air chamber (17), gas distribution porous plate (18), gas distribution porous plate draw ring (19), outlet pipe (20);
Gas blower (14) is connected with under meter (15) with temperature controller time controller pressure controller, controller (15) is connected with gas distributing pipeline (16), gas distributing pipeline (16) enters from cloth air chamber (17) through urceolus (5) and inner core (4), cloth air chamber (17) barrel is provided with an outstanding annular collar, gas distribution porous plate (18) is placed on outstanding annular collar, gas distribution porous plate is removable, near symmetrical place on limit, be provided with two gas distribution porous plate draw rings (19), outlet pipe (20) is installed on the upper side of flange seal insulation cover (7);
Permeated liquid system comprises: collecting chamber (17) (being cloth air chamber), diafiltration porous plate (18) (being gas distribution porous plate), slope (21) and percolate pipeline valve (22); Collecting chamber 17(is cloth air chamber) bottom is for slope;
Collecting chamber (17) bottom is slope (21), and percolate outlet is positioned at lowest part, and drainage pipeline (25) is connected with percolate outlet, and percolate pipeline valve (22) is installed on bottom of device;
Heat-insulation system comprises: thief hole (2) insulation plug, discharge port (3) insulation plug, inner core (4), urceolus (5), thermal insulation layer (6), flange seal insulation cover (7), opening for feed (8) insulation cover and sight vane (9) insulation plug;
Thief hole (2) insulation plug and discharge port (3) insulation plug are by the airtight fermentation unit side that is connected and fixed on of set screw nut (24), flange seal insulation cover (7) is by the airtight fermentation unit top that is connected and fixed on of set screw nut (24), opening for feed (8) sealing thermal insulation lid is connected and fixed on flange seal insulation cover (7) above by set screw nut (24) is airtight, and sight vane (9) sealing thermal insulation plug directly inserts in sight vane (9).
2. the fermentation unit for feces of livestock and poultry quick composting according to claim 1, is characterized in that the cylinder height 1220mm that described profile is hollow, inner core 4 diameter 500mm, urceolus 5 diameter 600mm, thermal insulation layer 6 thickness 50mm.
3. the fermentation unit for feces of livestock and poultry quick composting according to claim 1, is characterized in that described inner core (4) material is polypropylene material; Urceolus (5) material is stainless material; Thermal insulation layer (6) material is insulating cotton.
4. the fermentation unit for feces of livestock and poultry quick composting according to claim 1, thief hole (2), discharge port (3) and opening for feed (8) described in it is characterized in that all filled insulating cotton and set up sealing-ring and make the stopper with handle, be provided with nut bore, by nut (24) with nut bore be set on cylinder be connected.
5. the fermentation unit for feces of livestock and poultry quick composting according to claim 1, is characterized in that described thief hole (2) internal diameter 80mm, discharge port (3) internal diameter 260mm, opening for feed (8) internal diameter 200mm; Flange seal lid (7) is also filled insulating cotton and is set up sealing-ring, is provided with nut bore, by nut (24) with nut bore be set on cylinder be connected.
6. the fermentation unit for feces of livestock and poultry quick composting according to claim 1, is characterized in that described flange seal lid (7) overall diameter 700mm, thermal insulation layer section diameter 500mm, and thickness 50mm, and nut bore edge section, thickness is 20mm; Sight vane (9) is opened in the central authorities of opening for feed insulation cover (8), for transparent material, makes, and is installed on the nexine of opening for feed insulation cover, and internal diameter is 60mm, and is furnished with insulation plug.
7. the fermentation unit for feces of livestock and poultry quick composting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described high 900mm of proving room (1), the high 100mm of cloth air chamber (17), two Room separate by gas distribution porous plate (18), and gas distribution porous plate aperture is 2mm, 3mm or 4mm.
8. adopt a method of fermenting for the fermentation unit of feces of livestock and poultry quick composting claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
(1) raw materials pretreatment: feces of livestock and poultry, other auxiliary material are mixed with bacterial classification, make the carbon-nitrogen ratio of fermentation materials reach 25～30:1, moisture reaches 55～60%; Described feces of livestock and poultry refers to the ight soil being produced by livestock and poultry such as ox, pig, chicken, sheep, horse, ducks; Bacterial classification refers to feces of livestock and poultry decomposing microbial inoculum, subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), streptomyces microflavus (Streptomyces microflavus), long handle wood mould (Trichoderma longbrachiatum) and Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus), consists of; Other auxiliary material refers to mushroom residue and brown coal; Feces of livestock and poultry: other auxiliary material: the ratio of weight and number of bacterial classification is 80:19.9:0.1;
(2) preparation before charging: first the flange insulation plug that is equipped with sealing-ring is inserted to thief hole and discharge port, and be fixed on fermentation tank body with nut screwing clamping; Secondly with porous plate hook, gas distribution porous plate is placed on the outstanding annular collar of gas distribution chamber interior walls, then tightens mounting flange sealing thermal insulation and be placed on fermentation tank body; Next all the sensors element is installed fixedly on flange seal insulation cover, again various sensors are connected on data transducer, to leavening temperature, humidity, pressure and gas situation are presented on microcomputer and are convenient to reading, store, manage and printing of data by data transducer, temperature sensor can be surveyed the leavening temperature of proving room upper, middle and lower-ranking; And percolate outlet valve is closed; Finally, take out opening for feed sealing thermal insulation lid, expose opening for feed;
(3) charging: the good fermentation raw material of pre-treatment is evenly put into by opening for feed to be with graduated proving room, material stacking height be 85cm;
(4) fermentation: cover opening for feed sealing thermal insulation plug and sight vane insulation plug, the fermentation initial stage, by time controller in 8 points, 16 and 24 every days to fermentation heap body forced ventilation three times, each ventilation time 40 minutes, enters ferment middle until leavening temperature reaches 55 ℃; Ferment middle after reaching 55 ℃ continuous three days stuffy, after three days, application of temperature controller, time controller, pressure controller and air outlet valve are controlled, leavening temperature is controlled between 55 ℃～60 ℃, over 60 ℃, forced ventilation 40 minutes, keep fermentation unit constant pressure at 0.02～0.03Mpa, until temperature is reduced to 55 ℃ under starting, enter the fermentation later stage; It is 20 minutes that fermentation later stage application time controller is controlled ventilation time at every turn, and 4 hours time of having a rest, until leavening temperature is the same with ambient temperature, whole fermentation period is approximately 12～15 days;
(5) sampling detects: sampling comprises the sampling of fermentation materials and percolate, fermentation materials sampling minute four times, fermentation initial stage, ferment middle, fermentation later stage and fermentation finished product, fermentation initial stage, ferment middle, fermentation later stage are extracted from fermentation unit thief hole, open thief hole flange seal plug, sampling shovel is inserted to fermentation chamber and sample, during extraction, sample stays in sampling shovel groove, the sampling of fermentation finished product is extracted constantly in discharging, and the sampling of percolate is got from percolate outlet;
(6) discharging: open discharge port flange seal insulation plug after having fermented, discharging.
9. described in claim 1, for the fermentation unit of feces of livestock and poultry quick composting, improving rotten degree, available nutrient transformation efficiency and bacterium number and shortening the application aspect fermentation period.
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Effective date of registration: 20210118 Address after: 300192, 26 Nankai District Aerospace Road, Tianjin Patentee after: Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences Address before: 300380 Biological Center building, 17 km away from Jinjing Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin Patentee before: TIANJIN INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE |