CN103998705A - 冷弯曲隔热玻璃窗 - Google Patents

冷弯曲隔热玻璃窗 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103998705A
CN103998705A CN201280056515.2A CN201280056515A CN103998705A CN 103998705 A CN103998705 A CN 103998705A CN 201280056515 A CN201280056515 A CN 201280056515A CN 103998705 A CN103998705 A CN 103998705A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
glass window
heat
insulating glass
methods
insulating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201280056515.2A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN103998705B (zh
Inventor
F.勒瓦瑟尔
R.德库尔塞勒
C.斯维德斯基
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of CN103998705A publication Critical patent/CN103998705A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN103998705B publication Critical patent/CN103998705B/zh
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
    • C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet with at least one intermediate air space
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P11/00—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for 
    • B23P11/02—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for  by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits
    • B23P11/025—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for  by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits by using heat or cold
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/02—Bending or folding
    • B29C53/04—Bending or folding of plates or sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10091—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet thermally hardened
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10128—Treatment of at least one glass sheet
    • B32B17/10137—Chemical strengthening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10743—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing acrylate (co)polymers or salts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
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    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
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    • G—PHYSICS
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Abstract

本发明涉及玻璃窗模块，该玻璃窗模块包括金属框架和包括水密屏障的隔热玻璃窗，所述隔热玻璃窗被冷弯曲，所述金属框架和隔热玻璃窗通过保持装置刚性地连接，保持装置强制隔热玻璃窗保持被框架赋予其的弯曲形状。本发明也涉及一种用于制备玻璃窗模块的方法，玻璃窗模块包括金属框架和隔热玻璃窗，所述隔热玻璃窗在其已经装配水密屏障后通过力被冷弯曲，力使得隔热玻璃窗呈金属框架的形状并且随后通过保持装置保持此弯曲形状。

Description

冷弯曲隔热玻璃窗
技术领域
本发明涉及包括冷弯曲隔热玻璃窗类型面板的玻璃窗模块，并涉及用于隔热玻璃窗类型的面板的冷弯曲的方法，该面板尤其可包括叠层玻璃。
背景技术
也称作多层玻璃窗的隔热玻璃窗包括由气体（氩气、氪气、空气等）填充空腔分开的若干玻璃，气体可选地处于低压下。如果玻璃窗仅包括分开两块玻璃的单个气体填充空腔，则其可为双重玻璃窗。如果玻璃窗包括两个气体填充空腔以及三块玻璃，每个气体填充空腔分开其中的两块玻璃，则其可为三重玻璃窗。
玻璃衬底包括单块无机玻璃，如果可以的话覆盖有以下类型的一个或更多薄层：防反射、太阳光保护、抗摩擦等。隔热玻璃窗的玻璃衬底可以形成叠层玻璃的一部分。隔热玻璃窗可以排他地由被气体填充空腔分开的叠层玻璃构成。无论何种情况，隔热玻璃窗都包括分开两块玻璃衬底的至少一个气体填充空腔，对于这些玻璃衬底的每一块，如果可以的话，可以形成叠层玻璃的一部分。
叠层玻璃包括由中间层分开的若干玻璃衬底，中间层由聚合物材料制成。平板隔热或叠层玻璃的制备是掌握良好的。弯曲叠层玻璃的制备问题要多得多，并且随着要赋予的曲率增加而变得更加成问题。如果曲率很高，在玻璃尚软（通常处于高于500℃下）时对玻璃板进行预先热弯曲可能是必要的。如果玻璃的曲率不是非常大，可以设想在玻璃的制造结束后进行冷弯曲。表述“冷弯曲”通常意味着在低于200℃下，在此温度下玻璃不是软的。在本专利申请的背景下，“冷弯曲”意味着“在低于200℃下”。
WO98/01649教导了叠层玻璃的冷弯曲。
EP 282 468教导了包括回火玻璃衬底的叠层玻璃在80到140℃之间的弯曲。80到140℃之间的加热用于软化叠层玻璃的PVB中间层。然而，叠层玻璃在80℃以上的弯曲导致聚合物材料制成的中间层的不可接受的老化，其通过形成对裸眼可见的一些细微气泡而反映，并且此外有利的是可能在30到80℃之间实施冷弯曲，从而降低对于弯曲必须的负载，并且还降低聚合物材料制成的中间层和玻璃衬底之间的剪切应力，且因而降低分层的风险。
FR 2 676 049和DE102008031770教导了由PVB叠层的玻璃窗的组装，玻璃板在组装操作期间被弯曲。因此PVB保持了叠层玻璃的弯曲。
DE19519504教导了在130℃下叠层玻璃的弯曲。
WO2008107612教导了在组装隔热玻璃窗之前结合弯曲面板的隔热玻璃窗。
发明内容
现在已经发现即便隔热玻璃窗已经组装好，隔热玻璃窗的冷弯曲也是可能的。此弯曲尤其在低于30℃下可能，例如在0到30℃之间，尤其在5到28℃之间。此类弯曲也可在30到80℃之间实施，尤其在30到50℃之间。这意味着可以实质上在任何国家在环境温度下实施隔热玻璃窗的弯曲。因此通常可以根据本发明实施弯曲而不对玻璃窗供热，并且不会导致其温度相对于环境空气的温度上升。
令人惊奇的是，隔热玻璃窗（通常在弯曲前是平坦的）通过根据本发明的弯曲的变形是可能的，此弯曲不会导致玻璃窗的水密屏障的劣化。此水密屏障包括限定玻璃窗的框架并且分开隔热玻璃窗的不同玻璃衬底以便形成气体填充空腔所需空间的部件。以对于本领域技术人员已知的方式，这些部件包括中空中间层（也称为间隔件），可由铝或钢或聚合物制成并且包括吸水剂的异型元件（尤其是“Luran”型），以及由聚合物（硅胶、PU、聚硫橡胶）制成的外部密封件，这两种部件放置在气体填充空腔的厚度中。中空中间层通过“丁基”粘合剂粘性地结合到被其分开的玻璃衬底上。
通过根据本发明的方法赋予隔热玻璃窗的曲率半径可达到5米。因此，隔热玻璃窗可以进行弯曲以便其表面在至少一个点上呈现在至少一个方向上5到20米之间的曲率半径。如果可以的话，在圆柱形类型的弯曲的情况下，表面在此类点上可以具有在一个方向上的此类弯曲半径而在垂直于所述方向上没有弯曲（无限的曲率半径）。如果隔热玻璃窗包括叠层玻璃，则优选地，该玻璃是弯曲的以便其表面不在任何点处呈现小于6m的曲率半径。这是因为这样的曲率半径代表对于叠层玻璃的耐久性的限制。
根据本发明，隔热玻璃窗可包括叠层玻璃，实质上甚至包括多块叠层玻璃。尤其是，隔热玻璃窗可仅包括叠层玻璃。尤其是，隔热玻璃窗可由被气体填充空腔分开的两块叠层玻璃构成，每块叠层玻璃都包括被聚合物材料制成的中间层分开的两块玻璃板。在此隔热玻璃窗中，每块叠层玻璃通常具有如下类型：6/4/6 mm的回火玻璃/PVB/回火玻璃，两块叠层玻璃由具有16mm厚度的气体填充空腔分开。
对于隔热玻璃窗包括叠层玻璃的情况，弯曲可在30℃下实施，尤其是0到30℃之间，或者30℃以上。尤其是，隔热玻璃窗包括可在环境温度下制备的叠层玻璃，不需要对其进行加热。但是，包括叠层玻璃的根据本发明的隔热玻璃窗优选地在30到80℃之间弯曲，高于40℃的温度是尤其令人满意的。低于75℃的温度通常是合适的。当隔热玻璃窗包括叠层玻璃时，40到75℃之间的温度范围是尤其合适的。为了实施此过程，在实践中，首先加热平坦的隔热玻璃窗，直至叠层玻璃的中间层达到推荐的温度范围（弯曲温度），且然后弯曲隔热玻璃窗。优选地，隔热玻璃窗在聚合物材料制成的中间层的玻璃转变温度之上被加热。玻璃转变温度由借助动力学测量的粘性分析决定。在玻璃转变之上加热的事实对于弯曲期间聚合物材料的蠕变是有利的，其具有降低在所述材料和玻璃衬底之间的界面处的永久性剪切应力的后果。聚合物材料制成的中间层尤其可为聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（称作“PVB”）、乙烯/乙烯基醋酸纤维或离子键树脂的薄膜，尤其是杜邦销售的SentryGlas。对于离子键树脂的情况，优选的是将隔热玻璃窗加热到高于45℃。
因此，本发明尤其涉及一种用于弯曲玻璃窗模块的制备的方法，该模块包括金属框架和隔热玻璃窗类型的面板，该面板包括叠层玻璃，所述叠层玻璃包括由聚合物材料制成的中间层分开的玻璃衬底，在已经组装好叠层玻璃之后，该面板通过力被弯曲，该力导致该面板呈金属框架的形状，并且然后通过保持装置被保持此形状，弯曲在中间层处于30到80℃的温度下时实施，尤其当中间层处于高于40℃的温度下时，尤其当中间层处于低于75℃的温度下时。优选地，弯曲在中间层（尤其由PVB制成）处于高于其弯曲期间的玻璃转变温度的温度下时实施。
为了加热隔热玻璃窗，尤其在30到80℃的温度下，可以非常容易地通过并置加热元件与隔热玻璃窗而操作，加热元件比方说例如是加热毯。对于加热毯尤其可使用Vulcanic所销售的那些加热毯。可以简单地用加热元件覆盖隔热玻璃窗，直至达到期望的温度，并且实施弯曲。在弯曲期间可以让加热元件与隔热玻璃窗并置。在实施刚好已经加热过的另一个隔热玻璃窗的弯曲期间可以通过加热元件开始隔热玻璃窗的加热。当然，本领域技术人员知道，根据隔热玻璃窗的特性及其尺寸（主面和厚度），如何找到与每次操作相关的加热、持续时间以及速度条件，以便最优化此过程。
根据本发明的方法适于不包括任何叠层玻璃或包括一块、甚至实际上两块叠层玻璃甚至更多叠层玻璃的隔热玻璃窗的冷弯曲。如果隔热玻璃窗不包括叠层玻璃，则其通常由玻璃衬底构成，每块玻璃衬底都包括由气体填充空腔分开的单块玻璃板。其尤其可为公寓建筑所安装的非常常规的隔热玻璃窗，为4 ×16 × 4 mm类型（具有4mm厚度的两块玻璃衬底由具有16mm厚度的气体填充空腔分开）。此类玻璃窗可以在环境温度下弯曲。
隔热玻璃窗中存在的所有玻璃板都可以回火。本发明尤其适于隔热玻璃窗的冷弯曲，隔热玻璃窗包括由气体填充空腔分开的两块叠层玻璃，每块叠层玻璃都包括由聚合物材料制成的中间层分开的两块回火玻璃板。在此隔热玻璃窗中，每块叠层玻璃通常具有如下类型：6/4/6 mm的回火玻璃/PVB/回火玻璃，两块叠层玻璃由具有16mm厚度的气体填充空腔分开。
尤其是，本发明在必须安装到建筑物上的隔热玻璃窗的制备中具有特定用途，这些玻璃窗必须显得弯曲。这些建筑物，尤其为构成商业区的超高建筑物类型，尤其可具有大胆的形状并且需要制备弯曲的隔热玻璃窗，其具有可以从一个建筑物到另一个建筑物变化的形状。
因此，本发明也涉及一种用于制备弯曲玻璃窗模块的方法，该玻璃窗模块包括金属框架和隔热玻璃窗，隔热玻璃窗包括由气体填充空腔分开的玻璃衬底，该隔热玻璃窗在已经装配了水密屏障后通过力而冷弯曲（就是说，在低于200℃下弯曲），该力导致隔热玻璃窗呈金属框架的形状并且随后通过保持装置保持此弯曲形状。因此，隔热玻璃窗在其组装已经完全完成后被弯曲。尤其是，如果用于水密屏障的树脂成分用了若干天来令人满意地聚合物化并且冷弯曲在此时间段之后发生的话。
所生产的模块包括隔热玻璃窗和金属框架，金属框架能够使冷弯曲的隔热玻璃窗保持形状并且因而充当模具。此金属框架通常由挤制铝材或钢材制成。为此，使隔热玻璃窗与金属框架接触并且在一个或更多点处将力施加到该隔热玻璃窗上，以便使得其呈框架的形状。所施加的力例如可高达每个接触点200 kg。为了实施此隔热玻璃窗的变形，可使用拉杆、液压千斤顶、配重或机器人。隔热玻璃窗在框架上通过保持装置或通过粘合剂根据要保持的曲率半径而保持形状，保持装置例如为夹子。当然，如果考虑粘性结合，需要等待期以便在去除力之前粘合剂良好地固定（通过聚合、交联等），隔热玻璃窗通过该力被应用到框架上。合适的结构性粘合剂例如为由Dow Corning以标号DC 3362销售的硅树脂型粘合剂。如果要保持的曲率很高（小曲率半径），则可能必须使用夹子。也可以通过对玻璃窗应用异型元件并且通过下拧螺丝、缩小异型元件和框架之间的距离而在框架上使隔热玻璃窗变形，该异型元件限定玻璃窗的界限。通过逐步下拧，隔热玻璃窗呈框架的形状。在已经完成下拧后，隔热玻璃窗已经呈框架的形状并且由于拧到框架上的异型元件而被保持形状。此实例中的保持装置包括异型元件及其螺丝。由于本发明，弯曲操作本身（在隔热玻璃窗的变形开始和变形结束之间）可以很快，尤其在10到120秒之间。如果可以的话，在如上所述对其进行弯曲之前，该隔热玻璃窗可以被预加热，尤其在30到80℃之间，尤其通过将其置于加热毯上。
在构成隔热玻璃窗的玻璃板中生成不可接受的应力时，一定不能实施隔热玻璃窗的此“冷”变形。因此，在建筑行业对于还没有回火的玻璃所允许的最大永久应力是10 MPa。在建筑行业对于回火玻璃所允许的最大永久应力是40 MPa。根据要赋予隔热玻璃窗的曲率，因而使用至少硬化甚至实际上回火的玻璃板会是有利的。
尤其是，隔热玻璃窗可同时沿两个不同的方向弯曲（扭曲玻璃）。
本发明所涉及的隔热玻璃窗可以是大的，因为它们可具有面积大于3平方米且甚至大于4平方米且甚至大于5平方米的主面。应该注意到隔热玻璃窗（以及板或玻璃）包括两个主面和一个边缘。
建议在弯曲期间不超过玻璃窗在使用中的最大可接受应力。对于隔热玻璃窗包括叠层玻璃的情况，限制弯曲幅度的一个重要因素是在聚合物材料制成的中间层和与其并置的玻璃衬底之间的界面处的剪切应力。优选地，在20℃下在弯曲期间此应力保持小于3 MPa且优选地小于2 MPa，并且更优选地小于1.5 MPa。如果聚合物材料制成的中间层被加热至高于30℃，弯曲期间在界面处经历的剪切应力要比当环境温度下降时在使用中可能经历的剪切应力低得多。这就是为什么在实施弯曲之前，建议通过常规测试确定所预期的弯曲是否不超过20℃下在聚合物材料制成的中间层与玻璃衬底之间的界面处的剪切应力。此专业评估可以非常简单地通过下述方法实施。根据此方法，对于叠层玻璃，这些剪切应力可以通过在其中一个主面上并置极化薄膜而显示。在已经将此极化薄膜定位在叠层玻璃的样品上之后，通过在其中一个玻璃衬底上在一侧并且在另一个玻璃衬底上在另一侧牵引而实施张力实验。应力的出现通过颜色的转变而反映。颜色随应力的强度而变化。因此根据情况指明对应于所允许的最大应力的颜色就够了（3或2或1.5或1MPa，或其它）。此校准可通过与叠层玻璃的主面并置的仅一层极化薄膜而实施。在此情况下，应该以大约45°的察看角观察到着色(垂直于玻璃窗和察看方向之间的角度)。也可以将薄膜置于叠层玻璃的每个主面上，在此情况下可以以任何观察角度显示应力。在实施校准后（对于由聚合物材料制成的给定中间层和所述中间层的给定厚度），通过将极化薄膜附在玻璃窗的主面上，或者将两块极化薄膜在玻璃窗的每个主面上附一块，在玻璃的生产中（或者甚至在隔热玻璃窗上）可以轻易地确认没有超过最大剪切应力。因此，在弯曲并使中间层返回至20℃的温度之后，由聚合物材料制成的中间层与位于与其并置的聚合物材料两侧上的玻璃衬底之间的界面处的剪切应力的状态可以通过向隔热玻璃窗的主面应用极化薄膜，且然后通过显示穿过隔热玻璃窗和薄膜所传输的颜色而评估。此颜色随后可以与预先实施的校准的颜色进行比较，以便评估在聚合物材料制成的中间层与所述玻璃衬底之间的界面处的剪切应力，并且根据此比较的结果，确定模块相对于标准的符合性，就是说确认或者放弃该模块。
本发明也涉及根据本发明的方法制造的玻璃窗模块。此模块包括金属框架和隔热玻璃窗，所述隔热玻璃窗已经被冷弯曲。和任何隔热玻璃窗一样，根据本发明并且根据本发明冷弯曲的隔热玻璃窗总是包括（在所有实施例中）水密屏障。和任何隔热玻璃窗一样，根据本发明并且根据本发明冷弯曲的隔热玻璃窗总是包括（在所有实施例中）分开两块玻璃衬底的气体填充空腔（就是说，至少一个气体填充空腔）。本专利申请应用于包括水密屏障和气体填充空腔的隔热玻璃窗，所述隔热玻璃窗在它们已经装配了水密屏障后根据本发明进行冷弯曲。在任何情况下，根据本发明的冷弯曲因而也应用于水密屏障。金属框架和隔热玻璃窗通过保持装置变成整体，保持装置强制隔热玻璃窗保持由框架赋予其的弯曲形状。因此，模块也包括用于保持玻璃窗的弯曲形状的装置。如果去除保持装置，则隔热玻璃窗恢复其弯曲前的原始形状（通常是平坦的形状），假定冷弯曲是在隔热玻璃窗的所有部件（包括水密屏障）的弹性变形范围内实施的，这是所推荐的。
附图说明
图1代表使得可以向玻璃窗施加变形并且测量所经历的应力的装置。
图2代表在两种温度情况下（20和70℃）并作为由图1的装置施加在叠层玻璃上的偏转的函数的所测量的力的绝对值的和。
图3显示了在用于变形的施加的两种温度情况下（20和70℃）力的绝对值的和随时间的变化。
图4图示了隔热玻璃窗的边缘的结构，其对于本领域技术人员是熟知的。两块玻璃衬底10和11由气体填充空腔12分开。水密屏障13将气体填充空腔12与外部世界隔开。水密屏障包括通过丁基粘合剂15粘性地结合到玻璃衬底10和11上的中空中间层（或间隔件）14，以及由聚合物制成的包围整个隔热玻璃窗的外部密封件16。
具体实施方式
示例1
回火叠层玻璃通过组合2块回火单体玻璃而制造，每块以120 MPa压缩表层，每块玻璃都具有1938 × 876 × 8 mm的尺寸，具有4个PVB中间层（4倍0.38 mm的PVB厚度）。玻璃随后面临如图1中所示的变形。通过向下指向的竖直向量保持玻璃的固定宽度2和固定长度3且施加至侧面的位移不保持固定，如图1中所示。这在一种情况下在已经将组装好的玻璃窗带至20℃的温度而在另一种情况下至70℃的温度之后实施。置于施加位移的拉杆下的力传感器4使得可以测量在玻璃窗的周边上不同的点处所施加的力。在一些点处，力为张力而在其他的点处力为压力，因此结果为零。由玻璃窗承受的负载因而通过将力的绝对值加起来而评估。图2代表在两种温度情况下测量的并且依赖于偏转的力的绝对值的和。可见在70℃下加热使得可以将负载降低大约30%。图3显示了力的绝对值的和作为时间的函数的变化，已知对于具有预热至70℃的测试，玻璃窗被立即放回20℃下的环境空气中。玻璃窗在70和20℃之间的温度下降被显示为时间的函数。可见所得到的力在预热到70℃的情况下保持很低，如果将玻璃窗在20℃下的变形与在70℃下变形又返回至20℃进行比较，保持了30%并且甚至改善。在预热到70℃的情况下中间层将随后更好地老化，分层的趋势更小并且变白的趋势更小。此分层玻璃窗可以结合在隔热玻璃窗中，对于隔热玻璃窗可以冷弯曲。
示例2
在此示例中，描述了结合叠层玻璃和回火玻璃的隔热玻璃窗的制备。由两块每块6mm厚的1.4 m × 0.7 m玻璃板组合的叠层玻璃装配有4块0.38mm厚的PVB。回火玻璃具有1.4 m × 0.7 m的尺寸，且厚度为8mm。此叠层玻璃和此回火玻璃组装在隔热玻璃窗中，隔热玻璃窗包括具有16mm厚度的氩气填充空腔以及水密屏障，水密屏障包括用丁基树脂粘性结合到玻璃上的间隔件，硅树脂条包围间隔件和玻璃窗外部之间的整个隔热玻璃窗。该组件被放置在开放空气中使其聚合化15天。玻璃窗随后放置在圆柱形的金属框架上（在一个方向上弯曲但垂直此方向不弯曲），其曲率半径为15m。使得玻璃窗呈框架的形状并且此形状由于金属异型元件而被保持，该金属异型元件被拧到框架上。此弯曲在20℃下实施。由于弯曲在隔热玻璃窗所有部件的弹性区域内施加，因此隔热玻璃窗很好地承受该弯曲。

Claims (24)

1. 一种玻璃窗模块，包括金属框架和冷弯曲隔热玻璃窗，金属框架和隔热玻璃窗被保持装置变成一体，所述保持装置强制所述隔热玻璃窗保持被所述框架赋予其的弯曲形状。
2. 如前一权利要求中所述的模块，其特征在于，所述隔热玻璃窗包括水密屏障。
3. 如任一前述权利要求所述的模块，其特征在于，所述隔热玻璃窗包括叠层玻璃，所述叠层玻璃包括由聚合物材料尤其是PVB制成的中间层分开的玻璃衬底。
4. 如任一前述权利要求所述的模块，其特征在于，所述隔热玻璃窗包括由气体填充空腔分开的两块叠层玻璃。
5. 如任一前述权利要求所述的模块，其特征在于，所述隔热玻璃窗的至少一块玻璃衬底包括回火玻璃板。
6. 如任一前述权利要求所述的模块，其特征在于，所述隔热玻璃窗具有主面，所述主面具有大于3 m2的面积，甚至实际上大于4 m2，甚至实际上大于5 m2。
7. 如任一前述权利要求所述的模块，其特征在于，所述隔热玻璃窗被弯曲以便其表面在至少一个点处展示出在至少一个方向上5到20m之间的曲率半径。
8. 如权利要求1所述的模块，其特征在于，所述隔热玻璃窗由玻璃衬底构成，每块玻璃衬底都包括由气体填充空腔分开的单块玻璃板，并且不包括叠层玻璃。
9. 一种用于制备如权利要求1到7的任一项所述的玻璃窗模块的方法，所述隔热玻璃窗通过力冷弯曲，所述力导致所述隔热玻璃窗呈金属框架的形状，并且随后通过保持装置保持此弯曲形状。
10. 如前一权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，弯曲在低于30℃下实施。
11. 如前一权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，弯曲在低于28℃下实施。
12. 如任一前述权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，弯曲在0℃以上实施。
13. 如任一前述权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，弯曲在所述隔热玻璃窗处于与环境空气相同的温度下时实施。
14. 如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述隔热玻璃窗包括叠层玻璃，所述叠层玻璃包括由聚合物材料尤其是PVB制成的中间层分开的玻璃衬底。
15. 如前一权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，所述弯曲在所述中间层处于30到80℃之间的温度下时实施。
16. 如前一权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，所述弯曲在所述中间层处于40℃到75℃之间的温度下时实施。
17. 如前三项权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述中间层在所述弯曲期间处在高于其玻璃转变温度的温度下。
18. 如权利要求14到17的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述隔热玻璃窗被加热以便获得弯曲温度，所述加热通过将加热元件尤其是加热毯与所述隔热玻璃窗并置而实施。
19. 如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，弯曲在环境温度下实施。
20. 如权利要求14到19的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述隔热玻璃窗被弯曲以便聚合物材料制成的所述中间层和与所述中间层并置的玻璃衬底之间的界面处的剪切应力在20℃下小于3 MPa。
21. 一种用于制备如权利要求8所述的玻璃窗模块的方法，所述隔热玻璃窗通过力冷弯曲，所述力导致所述隔热玻璃窗呈金属框架的形状，并且随后通过保持装置保持此弯曲形状。
22. 如任一前述方法权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，弯曲持续10到120秒之间。
23. 如任一前述方法权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，所述隔热玻璃窗同时沿两个不同的方向弯曲。
24. 如任一前述方法权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，所述隔热玻璃窗在弯曲前是平坦的。
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CN107757516A (zh) * 2016-08-18 2018-03-06 佛吉亚内饰系统有限责任公司 用于制造车辆内饰件的方法和车辆内饰件
CN107757516B (zh) * 2016-08-18 2022-09-06 佛吉亚内饰系统有限责任公司 用于制造车辆内饰件的方法和车辆内饰件
CN107631925A (zh) * 2017-11-09 2018-01-26 江苏脒诺甫纳米材料有限公司 可组装的配料试剂瓶支架
CN112566782A (zh) * 2018-07-16 2021-03-26 康宁公司 具冷弯玻璃基板的车辆内部系统及其形成方法
CN112469673A (zh) * 2018-12-28 2021-03-09 株式会社三光精衡所 热塑板弯曲的加工方法、夹持装置和凹状热塑板
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