CN1039660A - 电池容量测量电路 - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract
测量电路包括具有补偿可充电电池放电容量的温度和老化-变异特性的电容器23。当开关11闭合时,电池10驱动马达13,利用电阻17上的电压检测通过电池10的电流。电压跟随器20放大该电压并激励电阻24,使电容器23的电荷就按通过电阻24的电流大小所确定的速率放电。滞后比较器29对电容器23两端的电压与预定值进行比较,根据比较结果控制晶体管21的开/关状态。29的输出脉冲由计数器31计数,该计数表示了电池10的剩余能量。
Description
本发明一般地涉及电池容量测量电路,特别适用于测量电池的电能容量,测量电路中包括检测流过电池的电流的检测装置及对该检测装置的输出信号积分的积分电路,该测量电路依据积分电路的输出测量电池容量。
这种类型的测量电路用于例如带有可再充电电池的电气的或电子装置,比如可再充电的剃须刀,以得到充入电池或电池放出的能量数。例如,在一种人们熟知的通用型测量电路中,电池充入或放出的能量是以测量充电或放电的时间为基础来得到的。另一通用测量电路的例子中,通过积分测量的充电或放电电流获得电池充入和放出的电能量。在后一测量电路中,充放电电流是根据与电池串联的电阻两端所呈现的电压来量测的。更准确地说,该电阻两端的电压被放大,然后被进行积分,每当积分值达到予定值便产生一脉冲,同时积分值复位到零。电池充放电时,重复上述操作,这样,通过计数这样产生的脉冲数就能测量充电或放电的能量。在德国专利申请号NO,2,313,566中公开了这样一种测量电路的例子。
已知能够重新充电的电池例如镍-镉电池有这样的特性,即它的电能的容量随着环境温度的变化而变化,例如,如图5所示。此图示出了相对的能量容量CE随它的温度T的变化。更准确地说,电池的能量容量在室温以上的温度范围内较大;当环境温度减小到室温以下时,电池能量容量减小,这点可从图5中点划线表示的放电特性来看出。从图5中实线表示的放电特性还可以看出,电池的能量容量在室温附近取最大值,随着室温附近环境温度的增高或降低,电池能量容量都逐渐减小。因此,当充电及放电特性都被考虑时,电池的能量容量在近似室温情况下最大,随着室温温度那一点的温度升高或降低,电池能量容量都减小。为了根据通过电池的充放电电流的积分值来精确地测量电池的充电或放电的能量,则必须附随环境温度变化而引起的电池容量的变化进行补偿。
上述类型的再充电电池的能量容量也随着充放电操作次数的增加逐渐减小,这就是说,随着使用时间的推移逐渐减小,在图6中说明了这一点。图6表示出相对的静态电容CSN与充放电周期数NC的关系。因此,对于更精确的电池能量容量的测量还必须考虑这种能量容量的减小。
因此,本发明的一个目的就是提供这样一个测量电路,该测量电路能够在一宽环境温度范围内精确测量充入电池及电池放出的能量的量,而不用提供专门的温度传感器或类似装置,也不需其后的校正例如用存储在微处理机中的软件程序校正。
本发明的另一个目的是提供这样一个测量电路,该测量电路能够在使用寿命较长的周期内以简单的电路结构及在电池能量容量中不考虑电池老化变异来精确地测量充入电池或电池放出的能量数。
依据本发明,提供一测量电池能量容量的电路,此电路包括检测流过电池的电流的检测装置及积分此检测装置输出信号的积分电路,其中,测量电路依据积分电路的输出测量电池的容量。该测量电路的特点在于决定积分电路积分时间常数的一个电路元件具有实质上补偿在电池能量容量中的温度特性的温度特性。
具有上述结构的测量电路,其积分电路的积分时间常数随着环境温度的变化而变,这样就补偿了电池容量随温度的变化。因此依据积分结果获得的电池充电或放电能量数的指示非常精确地与环境温度变化无关的实际充电状态相一致。
同样的原理能应用于电池老化的补偿,如果测量电路中电路元件选择具有实际上能补偿电池能量容量中老化变异的老化变异特性。这样,则能够更精确地测量电池的充电能量或放电能量数。
图1是依据本发明的测量电路的实施例所示的电动剃须刀中的电池放电能量数测量电路的电路图。
图2是图1的实施例中电容器23的电容温度特性图;
图3是图1的实施例中电容器23的电容老化-变异特性示图;
图4示出对图1的实施例的改进电路图;
图5是镍-镉(Ni-Cd)电池的温度特性示图;
图6是Ni-Cd电池的老化-变异特性示图。
图1示出了依据本发明的电池容量测量电路的一个实施例的电路图例,本实施例设计为一个从能再充电电池型电动剃须刀中的电池中获得放电能量数的电路。
在图1中,示出能再充电电池10,例如,具有2.4V常规输出电压的Ni-Cd型电池。电池的负端接地。电池10的正输出端接到驱动电动剃须刀切割刀片的马达13的一端,正输出端还通过开关11接到电压转换器12上。此转换器12用于提升输入电压,而且其有一个输出端经一电阻14接到场效应晶体管(FET)15的栅极。这个输出端还接到电压调整器16的一输入端。场效应晶体管15的漏极接到马达13的另一端,而场效应晶体管的源极经低阻值电阻17接地。场效应晶体管的源极还接到电压跟随器20的一个输入端,此电压跟随器包含一运算放大器18和一个NPN晶体管19,晶体管19的集电极接到NPN晶体管21的发射极,并且经电阻22和电容23接地。晶体管19的发射极通过电阻24接地。晶体管21的集电极接到前述电压转换器16的输出端。电阻22和电容23之间的结点接到滞后比较器29的一个输入端,此滞后比较器由电阻25、26、27和运算放大器28组成。滞后比较器29的输出端接到晶体管21的基极,也接到缓冲放大器30的输入端。因此由滞后比较器29提供的输出信号(一脉冲信号)被放大,然后由计数器31计数。
在此实施例中,选择电容器23,目的是使其温度和老化-变异特性分别补偿电池10的温度及老化变异特性。更准确地说,电容器23具有在室温附近容量变得最大而在环境温度从室温附近升高或降低其容量减小的特性,如图2的电容静态容量的温度特性所示。此图示出了容量的相对变化 (△C)/(C) 随温度T的变化。此温度特性相当好地符合图5所示的电池10的电能容量的温度特性。例如,多层陶瓷电容器就适于用来做具有这种温度特性的电容器。此外,电容器23的容量极好地随着使用时间的推移逐渐减少,如图3中电容静态容量老化-变异特性所示。图3示出了容量的相对变化 (△C)/(C) 随使用时间t的变化。此特性相当好地符合图6所示的电池10的老化-变异特性。前述的多层陶瓷电容器也有类似图3所示的老化-变异特性。
现在将阐述图1所示电路的操作。
当开关11被用户闭合时,电压转换器12升高了电池10的输出电压,并把这个升高电压送到场效应晶体管15的栅极。因此,FET15进入导通状态驱动马达13,这样,马达电流流过电阻17,则在电阻17两端呈现的电压通过电压跟随器20送到电阻24。因此,正比于通过马达13的电流值的电流流过电阻24。如果假设晶体管21是处于截止状态,则电容23中的电荷通过流过电阻24的电流而放电,这样,电容器23两端的电压以正比于此电流量值的速率减小。当此电压变得比滞后比较器29的阈值还低时,晶体管21进入导通状态,则电容器23就通过晶体管21和电阻22很快地充电。当电容器23两端的电压超过比较器29的上限阈值时,晶体管21再一次进入非导通状态。只要开关11是闭合的,则上述操作反复进行。
用这样的方式,在比较器29的输出端产生了具有相当于马达电流频率的脉冲信号,然后此脉冲信号通过计数器31计数。在这种情况下,当环境温度约处于室温时,如图2电容器23的温度特性所示,相同的马达电流量的上述脉冲信号的频率变得最低,而当环境温度从室温增加或降低时,频率增加。因此,从计数器31得到的数值就代表了电池10放电的能量数,其放电容量随着环境温度变化而得到了补偿。
如前面所述,电容器23的静态电容量随使用时间的推移而逐渐减小。为此,即使马达电流保持同样的值,由于使用的周期数增加,则脉冲信号的频率增加。因此,用计数器31的计数值表示电池10放电能量的数量,补偿了由于老化-变异特性产生的电池10能量容量的减小。
图4示出了上述实施例的改进形式。
在图4所示的测量电路中,在马达13的电流通路内没有电阻。在FET15的源极和漏极之间出现的切换马达电流的交变电压被送到电压跟随器20。因为漏极到源极的电压正比于马达电流量,所以流经电阻24的电流也就正比于马达电流量。这个电路的其它部分的结构和操作几乎与图1的电路一样。应该注意到,FET15的漏-源极电压的温度特性最好考虑电容器23′的温度特性来选择。
在上述实施例中,只示出了测量电池放电能量的量的电路。但是,很明显,依据本发明的电路也能用来测量充入电池的能量的量,例如,使电池10的充电电流通过图1中的电阻17,并且更换一个电容器23,更换的电容器的温度特性基本上补偿电池10与温度有关的充电特性。
在上述实施例中利用一个普通电容器代替电容器23,而用一个电阻替换电阻24,此替换电阻具有阻值在室温附近变得最大的温度特性,类似于这样的做法来达到温度补偿也是可能的。
如上所述,用依据本发明的测量电路,检测电路中流过电池的电流,并依据检测电流的积分结果来测量充电和放电的能量,决定积分时间常数的电路元件要选择得具有这样的温度特性,即它的温度特性能补偿电池的温度特性。这样,不需要用专门的温度传感器做单独的温度补偿就可以非常精确地测量充电和放电的能量。
此外,通过调整电路,以使电路元件具有补偿电池老化-变异特性的老化-变异特性,则非常精确地测量充放电能量也是可能的。
Claims (9)
1、一种测量电池能量容量的电路包括:检测流过电池电流的检测装置,以及积分检测装置输出信号的积分电路;依据积分电路的输出测量电池容量的测量电路特征在于:确定所述的积分电路的积分时间常数的电路元件实质上具有补偿该电池容量的温度特性的温度特性。
2、一种测量电池电能容量的电路包括:检测流过电池电流的检测装置,以及积分检测装置输出信号的积分电路,依据积分电路的输出测量电池容量的测量电路其特征在于:确定所述的积分电路积分时间常数的电路元件实质上具有能补偿该电池容量的老化-变异特性的老化-变异特性。
3、一种测量电池电能容量的电路包括:检测流过电池电流的检测装置,以及积分检测装置输出信号的积分电路,依据积分电路的输出测量电池容量的测量电路其特征在于:确定所述的积分电路积分时间常数的电路元件实质上具有能补偿该电池容量的温度特性的温度特性以及实质上能补偿该电池容量的老化-变异特性的老化-变异特性。
4、依据权利要求1、2或3的测量电池容量的电路其特征在于:所述的电路元件是容性元件。
5、依据权利要求4的测量电池容量的电路,其中所述的检测装置包括一个与所述电池串联的电阻,所述的积分电路使所述的容性元件依据该电阻两端的电压被充电或放电。其中,所述的测量电路还包括:
将所述的容性元件两端的电压与予定值作比较的比较装置,以使所述的容性元件依据比较的结果被充电或放电,以及
对所述的容性元件的充-放电周期进行计数的计数装置。
6、依据权利要求4的测量电池容量的电路,其中所述的检测装置包括一与所述电池串接的半导体开关元件,所述积分电路使所述的容性元件依据半导体开关元件的两端电压被充电或放电,并且其所述的测量电路还包括:
将该容性元件两端的电压与予定值进行比较以使该容性元件根据比较结果被充电或放电的比较装置,以及
对该容性元件的充-放电周期进行计数的计数装置。
7、依据权利要求1、2或3的电池容量测量电路,其特征在于所述的电路元件是电阻性元件。
8、依据权利要求7的电池容量测量电路,其中所述的检测装置包括一与该电池串接的电阻,所述积分电路通过所述的电阻性元件,根据该电阻两端的电压使电容器被充电或放电,并且其中所述的测量电路还包括:
将所述的电容两端的电压与予定值进行比较,以使该电容器依据比较结果被充电或放电的比较装置,以及
对所述电容器充-放电周期进行计数的计数装置。
9、依据权利要求7的电池容量测量电路,其中所述的检测装置包括与所述电池串接的一半导体开关元件,所述积分电路依据该半导体开关元件两端的电压,经过所述的电阻性元件,使所述的电容被充电或放电,并且其中所述的测量电路还包括:
将所述电容器两端的电压与予定值进行比较,使所述的电容器依据比较的结果被充电或放电的比较装置,和
对所述电容器充-放电周期进行计数的计数装置。
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JP146109/88 | 1988-06-14 | ||
JP63146109A JPH01313783A (ja) | 1988-06-14 | 1988-06-14 | 電池の容量計測回路 |
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CN1039660A true CN1039660A (zh) | 1990-02-14 |
CN1016288B CN1016288B (zh) | 1992-04-15 |
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EP (1) | EP0346970B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH01313783A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR910001399A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1016288B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE95315T1 (zh) |
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- 1989-06-08 DE DE89201462T patent/DE68909502D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-06-08 EP EP89201462A patent/EP0346970B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-06-08 AT AT89201462T patent/ATE95315T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-06-12 KR KR1019890008045A patent/KR910001399A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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- 1989-06-12 BR BR898902773A patent/BR8902773A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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US6920404B2 (en) | 2000-09-28 | 2005-07-19 | Japan Storage Battery Co., Ltd. | Method of detecting residual capacity of secondary battery |
CN1811482B (zh) * | 2005-01-25 | 2010-09-01 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | 用于监控电池组充电/放电容量的设备和方法 |
CN1811481B (zh) * | 2005-01-26 | 2011-07-20 | 兄弟工业株式会社 | 电池残量显示装置和无线电话装置 |
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CN101424725B (zh) * | 2007-10-31 | 2011-06-29 | 深圳富泰宏精密工业有限公司 | 手机电池电容量估算方法及系统 |
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CN101990641A (zh) * | 2008-03-07 | 2011-03-23 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 二次电池剩余容量估计设备 |
CN101990641B (zh) * | 2008-03-07 | 2013-04-24 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 二次电池剩余容量估计设备 |
CN101814758A (zh) * | 2010-04-30 | 2010-08-25 | 浙江工业大学 | 用于电动助力车蓄电池组容量检测仪的放电电路 |
CN102445613A (zh) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-05-09 | 拉碧斯半导体株式会社 | 半导体装置以及半导体装置的升压电路的异常诊断方法 |
CN102445613B (zh) * | 2010-09-30 | 2015-09-09 | 拉碧斯半导体株式会社 | 半导体装置以及半导体装置的升压电路的异常诊断方法 |
CN103197249A (zh) * | 2012-01-06 | 2013-07-10 | 安凯(广州)微电子技术有限公司 | 低功耗电池电量检测电路 |
CN103323777A (zh) * | 2012-03-21 | 2013-09-25 | 海洋王(东莞)照明科技有限公司 | 电池容量检测电路 |
CN103383436A (zh) * | 2013-05-27 | 2013-11-06 | 中银(宁波)电池有限公司 | 一种便携式碱性电池测试装置 |
CN103383436B (zh) * | 2013-05-27 | 2015-07-29 | 中银(宁波)电池有限公司 | 一种便携式碱性电池测试装置 |
CN108107369A (zh) * | 2016-11-25 | 2018-06-01 | 三美电机株式会社 | 电池监视电路 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR8902773A (pt) | 1990-02-01 |
CN1016288B (zh) | 1992-04-15 |
ATE95315T1 (de) | 1993-10-15 |
KR910001399A (ko) | 1991-01-30 |
JPH01313783A (ja) | 1989-12-19 |
US4931737A (en) | 1990-06-05 |
EP0346970A1 (en) | 1989-12-20 |
DE68909502D1 (de) | 1993-11-04 |
EP0346970B1 (en) | 1993-09-29 |
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