CN103959448A - 金属配线形成用的转印基板及基于所述转印用基板的金属配线的形成方法 - Google Patents
金属配线形成用的转印基板及基于所述转印用基板的金属配线的形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103959448A CN103959448A CN201280056612.1A CN201280056612A CN103959448A CN 103959448 A CN103959448 A CN 103959448A CN 201280056612 A CN201280056612 A CN 201280056612A CN 103959448 A CN103959448 A CN 103959448A
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- metal
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- raw material
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 189
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/48—Manufacture or treatment of parts, e.g. containers, prior to assembly of the devices, using processes not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326
- H01L21/4814—Conductive parts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/10—Bump connectors ; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/11—Manufacturing methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/001—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces
- B23K35/007—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces at least one of the workpieces being of copper or another noble metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
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- B23K35/025—Pastes, creams, slurries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3006—Ag as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3013—Au as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/322—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C a Pt-group metal as principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/018—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of a noble metal or a noble metal alloy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/02—Alloys based on gold
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/04—Alloys based on a platinum group metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1646—Characteristics of the product obtained
- C23C18/165—Multilayered product
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/02—Bonding areas ; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/03—Manufacturing methods
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/10—Bump connectors ; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/12—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bump connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L24/13—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bump connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual bump connector
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/001—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces
- B23K2035/008—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces at least one of the workpieces being of silicium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
- B23K2101/40—Semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/02—Bonding areas; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/03—Manufacturing methods
- H01L2224/03001—Involving a temporary auxiliary member not forming part of the manufacturing apparatus, e.g. removable or sacrificial coating, film or substrate
- H01L2224/03003—Involving a temporary auxiliary member not forming part of the manufacturing apparatus, e.g. removable or sacrificial coating, film or substrate for holding or transferring a preform
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/02—Bonding areas; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/03—Manufacturing methods
- H01L2224/031—Manufacture and pre-treatment of the bonding area preform
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种转印用基板,包括基板、形成在所述基板上的至少一个金属配线原料、形成在所述金属配线原料的表面上的至少1层的覆盖层、形成在所述基板与所述金属配线原料之间的基底金属膜,用于使所述金属配线原料向被转印物转印,其中,所述金属配线原料是将纯度99.9重量%以上、平均粒径0.01μm~1.0μm的金粉等的金属粉末烧结而成的成形体,所述覆盖层是金等的规定的金属或合金,由与所述金属配线原料不同的组成的金属或合金构成,且其总厚度为1μm以下,所述基底金属膜由金等的规定的金属或合金构成。本发明的转印用基板在通过转印法在被转印物形成金属配线时,能够降低被转印物侧的加热温度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于向半导体晶片(wafer)、化合物晶片、MEMS晶片等被转印物上形成金属配线的转印用基板及利用该转印用基板的金属配线方法。
背景技术
伴随着半导体芯片等电子部件的安装密度的高密度化,其安装方法从以往的引线接合法开始,逐渐变为倒装芯片接合法那样的向电路基板直接安装半导体芯片的无线安装法成为主流。使用此安装方法的电子部件的制造工序中,在器件晶片的半导体芯片上的端子电极或向半导体芯片连接的连接用外部电极形成凸点(bump)而构成金属配线,并将其向基板上进行面朝下接合。而且,在凸点的形成之前,通常对端子电极等上实施金属喷镀处理而形成势垒金属层,并在其上形成凸点。
作为凸点形成工序的以往的方法,通常使用镀敷法。通过镀敷法形成的凸点致密且具有良好的导电特性,因此可考虑作为电极有用。然而,基于镀敷法的凸点形成可能无法充分地应对考虑今后发展的金属配线的微细化。因此,提出了专利文献1那样的基于使用了转印基板的转印法的凸点形成法。
在基于转印基板的凸点形成法中,预先制作在玻璃等的基板上形成有成为凸点的配线原料的转印用基板。并且,是向预先进行了金属喷镀处理的晶片覆盖转印基板而进行加压、加热,将配线原料向晶片转印而形成凸点的方法。该方法通过加压、加热的控制而能够将转印用基板上的任意的配线原料向晶片的任意的位置转印,能够实现金属配线的微细化,并且能够避免向晶片上的不良部分的配线形成,也能够避免原料的浪费。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开平5-144870号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
在使用上述的转印基板的凸点形成的过程中,需要转印用基板及晶片的加热。具体而言,在上述以往的转印基板中,将晶片侧的加热温度设为300~400℃,并将转印基板侧的加热温度设为100~200℃。然而,将晶片侧的加热温度形成为高温(300℃以上)的方法在晶片上形成半导体电路的情况下,可能会给电路造成损伤。由此,本来,优选凸点转印时的加热温度低,但是无法轻易地降低晶片侧的加热温度。这是因为,以往的转印用基板上的凸点通常由镀敷法形成,但是为了将由镀敷形成的凸点向晶片可靠地转印,需要将晶片与凸点充分地接合,为此,需要高温加热。
并且,从晶片上的半导体电路保护的观点出发,优选在晶片上形成了半导体电路之后能够以尽量少的工序形成凸点的方法。关于这一点,不仅是上述那样的转印时的加热,而且势垒层形成用的金属喷镀处理对于半导体电路也成为负荷。
本发明以上述课题为背景,提供一种对于用于通过转印法在晶片等被转印物上形成金属配线的转印用基板,能够减轻高温加热等被转印物受到的负荷的技术。而且,也公开了使用该转印用基板的金属配线的形成方法。
用于解决课题的方案
本发明者等为了解决上述课题,首先,为了实现转印基板的转印温度的低温化,考虑本发明者等具有的技术性的见解而进行了研究。并且,发现了将高纯度且微细粒径的金属粉末烧结而成的成形体即使比较低温也能够与被转印物接合的情况、及其作为金属配线发挥功能的情况。
并且,本发明者等进一步反复研究,考虑到上述那样的金属粉末的烧结体由其表面性状引起而容易转印的情况、及在烧结体的表面上在能够维持其表面状态的范围使金属覆盖,由此能够使金属覆盖层作为以往的势垒金属层起作用,从而想到了本发明。
即,本发明涉及一种转印用基板,包括基板、形成在所述基板上的至少一个金属配线原料、形成在所述金属配线原料的表面上的至少1层的覆盖层、形成在所述基板与所述金属配线原料之间的基底金属膜,用于使所述金属配线原料向被转印物转印,其中,所述金属配线原料是将纯度99.9重量%以上、平均粒径0.01μm~1.0μm的从金粉、银粉、铂粉、钯粉、铜粉中选择的一种以上的金属粉末烧结而成的成形体,所述覆盖层是金、银、铂、钯、钌、铑、铱、铬、钛、钨、钽、镍、铜、锆中的任一种金属或它们的合金,由与所述金属配线原料不同的组成的金属或合金构成,且其总厚度为1μm以下,所述基底金属膜由金、银、铂、钯、钌、铑、铱、铬、钛、钨、钽、镍、铜、锆中的任一种金属或它们的合金构成。
以下,详细地说明本发明。如上述那样,本发明的转印用基板的特征在于,作为向被转印物(晶片)转印的金属配线原料(凸点),适用将规定的金属粉末烧结而形成的烧结体。由该烧结体构成的金属配线原料与通过现有技术的镀敷而形成的致密的原料不同而为多孔质,在其表面存在微小的凹凸。并且,在转印时,烧结体以点接触与被转印物表面相接。根据本发明者等,通过该多孔质形成的点接触状态,可认为能够减少与被转印物面的接合所需的温度。并且,由此,能够将转印时的被转印物侧的温度形成为比以往低的温度(300℃以下)。
关于由该烧结体构成的金属配线原料,对烧结的金属粉末的纯度、粒径的金属进行规定的情况是关于纯度,考虑了形成为转印后的凸点时的导电性。即,当纯度小于99.9重量%时,可能无法确保所需的通电性。而且,关于金属粉末的粒径,在超过1.0μm的粒径的金属粉中,成形体容易产生大的间隙,无法确保最终所需的通电性。需要说明的是,金属粉末的粒径细的情况优选,但是小于0.01μm的粒径的粉末的处理性差,因此将0.01μm作为下限。
由烧结体构成的金属配线原料为多孔质,但其密度优选成为金属粉的密度的0.45~0.95倍。当烧结进展时,金属配线原料变得致密,其密度近似于大块体的金属的密度。超过大块金属的密度的0.95倍的金属配线原料过硬,因此转印困难。另一方面,当小于大块金属的0.45倍时,金属粉彼此的接触不充分,缺乏导电性,作为金属配线而不优选。
另外,金属配线原料由金粉、银粉、铂粉、钯粉、铜粉、或这些金属的合金粉构成。这是考虑了作为凸点的导电性。金属配线原料可以是仅将这些金属粉末的1种进行烧结的原料,但也可以将2种以上混合。例如,可以将金粉单独烧结,但是也可以将金粉与钯粉进行混合、将金粉与银粉进行混合等而对它们进行烧结。
并且,在本发明中,在由金属粉末的烧结体构成的金属配线原料的表面上具备金属的覆盖层。该覆盖层在转印后,存在于被转印物与金属配线原料(凸点)之间,作为势垒金属层发挥作用。由此,不需要对于被转印物的金属喷镀处理,能够减轻对被转印物的负荷。但是,由于维持上述的烧结体表面的点接触的接合的容易性,因此覆盖层的厚度需要减薄为能够维持烧结体的表面状态的程度。因此,覆盖层的厚度需要行程为1μm以下。但是,作为覆盖层的下限值,优选为0.003μm。这是因为,当比之薄时,难以确保作为金属膜的连续性。
构成覆盖层的金属是金、银、铂、钯、钌、铑、铱、铬、钛、钨、钽、镍、铜、锆中的任一种金属或合金,是与金属配线原料不同的金属。而且,覆盖层的结构优选为致密质的薄膜状的结构。而且,可以为单层,但也可以是基于多个金属的多层结构,只要总厚度为1μm以下即可。
金属配线原料不直接形成于基板,在基板与金属配线原料之间形成有基底金属膜。基板多使用玻璃基板,但玻璃缺乏与金属的接合性,当直接形成金属配线原料时,再转印用基板的处理时可能会脱落。因此,为了确保金属配线原料的紧贴性而形成基底金属膜。该基底金属膜由金、银、铂、钯、钌、铑、铱、铬、钛、钨、钽、镍、铜、锆中的任一种金属或合金构成。
该基底金属膜可以使与金属配线原料相同的组成的金属。这一点与覆盖层不同。但是,优选不同的组成的金属膜。当形成为与金属配线原料相同的组成时,金属配线原料与基底金属膜的紧贴性升高,在向被转印物的转印时,金属配线原料可能会残留于基板。但是,即便利用相同的组成来构成基底金属膜和金属配线原料,通过转印时的加热条件的调整等也能提高金属配线原料与被转印物的紧贴性,能够避免残留,因此可以不必要求组成的不同。
基底金属膜优选形成为厚度1~100nm。若小于1nm的话,基底金属膜与基板的紧贴性低,无法确保金属配线原料的紧贴性。而且,对于上限没有特别限制,但是即便形成为超过100nm的厚度,效果也没有差异。并且,通过在上述的范围内调整基底金属膜的厚度,能够进行金属配线原料的转印率的调整。这是由于在基底金属膜与金属配线原料为相同的材质时(例如,在玻璃基板中使用Au作为基底金属膜并使用Au粉末作为金属配线原料时),基底金属膜统与金属配线原料的紧贴性升高,因此通过减薄基底金属膜的厚度,能够在转印时使基底金属膜从基板剥离。将该基底金属膜减薄而在转印时使其剥离的方法与增厚基底金属膜的情况相比,有时能够抑制金属配线原料的残留,因此成为有效的转印率的调整。这样在瞄准转印时的剥离而减薄基底金属膜的情况下,其厚度优选形成为构成金属配线原料的金属粉末的平均粒子径的1/3以下。
基底金属膜可以为单层,但也可以形成多层。例如,可以在玻璃基板上形成钛膜,并在其上形成金膜。也可以对这样的多层膜进行热处理而使钛向最表面扩散并使其氧化而形成氧化物。
需要说明的是,Cr、W、TiW等是容易氧化的金属,在单层地使用它们时,可以对其表面进行氧等离子处理而使表面氧化膜稳定化。该氧等离子处理是臭氧或氧气氛中的大气压或减压下的等离子处理。
形成金属配线原料的基板作为材质通常为玻璃或树脂加强后的玻璃,但除此以外,也可以适用硅、科瓦铁镍钴合金等金属。而且,其厚度也没有特别限制,但是考虑处理性、转印的稳定性而优选设为50~500μm。
作为本发明的转印用基板的制造工序,对于玻璃等的基板,形成基底金属膜,然后进行金属配线原料的形成,再形成覆盖层。基底金属膜的形成可以适用溅射法、镀敷法、CVD法等各种薄膜制造工艺。
另一方面,关于金属配线原料的形成,正如到目前为止叙述那样,在本发明中,将金属粉烧结而形成金属配线原料。每当由该金属粉构成的金属配线原料的形成时,优选使用向金属粉适当地添加了有机溶剂的金属糊剂进行成形。糊剂如后述那样可以利用多样的方法来涂敷,而且,也能够应对配线的微细化。
作为金属糊剂的有机溶剂,优选酯醇、松油醇、松油、二甘醇丁醚醋酸酯、二甘醇丁醚、二甘醇乙醚。例如,作为优选的酯醇系的有机溶剂,可列举2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇单异丁酸酯(C12H24O3)。这是因为,本溶剂在比较低温下能够干燥。
另外,除了上述有机溶剂之外,金属糊剂可以含有从丙烯酸系树脂、纤维素系树脂、醇酸树脂中选择的一种以上。当进一步添加这些树脂等时,防止金属糊剂中的金属粉的凝集而变得更加均质,能够形成没有偏斜的凸点。需要说明的是,作为丙烯酸系树脂,可以列举聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,作为纤维素系树脂,可列举乙基纤维素,作为醇酸树脂,可列举邻苯二甲酸酐树脂。并且,在它们之中,特别优选乙基纤维素。
金属糊剂的涂敷工序没有特别限定,例如,可以将凸点形状的模具载置在基板上,并向其填充金属糊剂。而且,也可以与以往的基于镀敷法的凸点形成同样地使用抗蚀剂。作为金属糊剂的涂敷方法,可以使用旋涂法、网板印刷法、喷墨法、利用硅橡胶制的刮刀使滴下的糊剂扩展由此向孔内填充的方法等各种方法。
在金属糊剂涂敷后,需要在使金属糊剂涂敷·干燥之后进行烧结。由此,在糊剂中的金属粒子彼此、及接合构件的接合面(糊剂涂敷面)与金属粒子之间,形成相互点接触的接近状态,作为金属配线原料的形状稳定。该烧结的温度优选设为80~300℃。这是因为,小于80℃的话,不产生点接触。另一方面是因为,当以超过300℃的温度进行烧结时,烧结过度地进展,金属粉末间的收缩进展而牢固地结合,变为过硬的状态。而且,超过300℃的加热可能会产生玻璃基板的变形。需要说明的是,烧结时的加热时间优选为30~120分钟。这是因为,短时间的话,烧结炉的温度不稳定而无法进行充分的烧结,而且,若太长时间,则生产性受损。而且,该烧结优选在没有压力的负荷的状态下进行。
覆盖层的形成对于薄膜状的覆盖层,与基底金属同样地,可以适用溅射法、镀敷法、CVD法等各种薄膜制造工艺。
接下来,本发明的基于转印用基板的向被转印物的金属配线的形成方法基本上与以往的基于转印法的方法相同。即,将转印用基板以形成有金属配线原料的面与被转印物(晶片)对置的状态重叠,对转印用基板及被转印物进行加热并将金属配线原料向被转印物按压,在使金属配线原料与被转印物接合之后,将转印用基板除去。此时,在本发明中,转印用基板的加热温度设为80~200℃,被转印物的加热温度设为80~300℃。
在本发明中,被转印物的加热温度可以设为80~300℃,比以往的基于转印基板的转印工序的温度低。并且,关于该被转印物的加热温度,优选设为100~200℃。这是为了能够使来自转印用基板的金属配线原料可靠地转印,并且为了有效地防止从被转印物向转印基板的热传导引起的过热。而且,作为转印用基板的加热温度,更优选设为100~200℃。
另外,在该转印法中,需要金属配线原料的向被转印物的按压即加压,但是其压力优选设为金属配线原料的屈服强度以下。这是因为,较大地超过了屈服强度的加压会使金属配线原料变形,无法确保规定的高度、形状。具体而言,对于金属配线原料的屈服强度,优选设为0.1~1.5倍的加压力。
需要说明的是,优选在被转印物上的形成金属配线的部位预先形成由包含构成转印用基板的金属配线原料的金属在内的金属构成的电极膜。这是为了可靠地使金属配线原料转印。但是,无需设为完全相同的组成。例如,在金属配线原料由金粉与银粉的混合体构成的情况下,只要由金构成向被转印物的电极膜即可。而且,该电极膜可以为单层,也可以为多层,只要最表面由与金属配线原料同系的金属构成即可。
发明效果
如以上说明那样,本发明的转印用基板即使转印时的被转印物的加热温度为低温,也能够稳定地转印金属配线原料。由此,能够抑制被转印物上的半导体芯片等的损伤。而且,根据本发明,不进行被转印物的金属喷镀处理,也能够在凸点下部形成金属层,因此从这一点出发也能够减轻被转印物承受的负荷。
附图说明
图1是简要说明本实施方式的金属配线的形成工序的图。
具体实施方式
第一实施方式:使用玻璃基板来制造转印用基板,并使用该转印用基板进行向硅片的金属配线形成。
(转印用基板的制造)
首先,向玻璃基板(直径尺寸100mm、4英寸、平均厚度500μm)溅射Pt而成膜作为基底金属膜。Pt膜形成是在以逆溅射(Ar压力2.8×10-1Pa、RF输出250W、溅射时间60秒)对玻璃基板进行了清洁之后,使用Pt靶以Ar压力7.0×10-1Pa、DC输出500W、溅射时间115秒的条件进行成膜,形成了厚度20nm的Pt膜。
接着,使用由Au粉末构成的金属糊剂,在玻璃基板上形成了金属配线原料。在此使用的金属糊剂是将通过湿式还原法而制造的纯度99.95重量%的金粉(平均粒径:0.3μm)与作为有机溶剂的酯醇(2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇单异丁酸酯(C12H24O3))混合而调整成的材料。每当金属配线原料的形成时,向玻璃基板涂敷光致抗蚀剂(photo resist),使用通常的光刻技术而形成了多个贯通孔。并且,使金属糊剂向光致抗蚀剂的表面滴下,通过旋涂法向光致抗蚀剂的贯通孔内填充了金糊剂。接着,将糊剂涂敷后的基板利用保持为50℃以下的温度的干燥器进行了干燥。在干燥的金属糊剂上形成了覆盖层。
然后,利用有机溶剂将抗蚀剂(resist)剥离。在抗蚀剂剥离后,将基板放入电炉而使金粉末烧结,形成了金属配线原料。烧结温度在90℃下加热了1小时。在本实施方式中,在基板上等间隔地形成了100个矩形的金属配线原料(直径尺寸50μm、高度25μm)。
需要说明的是,覆盖层的形成、基于镀敷法的覆盖层形成适当地使用市售的镀敷液在推荐的条件下进行了成膜。需要说明的是,覆盖层也可以通过溅射法形成,这也可以使用市售的溅射靶材。
(向晶片的转印)
使用上述制造的转印用基板,进行了向硅片的配线形成。图1是说明其工序的图。如图1那样,将本实施方式制造的转印用玻璃基板吸附设置于上部加热块,将形成配线的硅片(尺寸100mm、4英寸)设置在下部加热块上。在硅片的表面形成有Ti/Pt/Au(厚度50nm/50nm/200nm)作为电极膜。在转印用基板及硅片的设置后,使上部加热块下降,使转印用基板紧贴于硅片。并且,将上部加热块加热成150℃,将下部加热块加热成150℃,以加压力30MPa对上部加热块进行按压,将此按压状态维持10分钟。在时间经过后,使上部加热块上升。需要说明的是,此时的加压力预先设定为在150℃以下测定的金粉末烧结体的屈服强度(21MPa)的1.4倍。
在上部加热块上升后,确认了转印用基板的金属配线原料的残留,但是转印残留不存在,向硅片上转印全部的金属配线原料,确认了金属配线的形成。而且,对于转印后的金属配线,测定了其各自的高度,确认了偏差,但是处于±0.5μm的范围内,确认到了其形状也良好。
第二实施方式:在此,对于转印基板上的构成金属配线原料的金属粉末(金属糊剂)、基底金属膜、覆盖层的结构进行各种变更而制造转印用基板,分别使用它们进行了向硅片的金属配线形成。转印用基板的制造条件除了金属粉末的种类及基底金属形成用的靶材质(基底金属膜为合金时,使用了同一组成的合金靶)以外,与第一实施方式同样。制造的转印用基板的结构如以下那样。
[表1]
·基板全部为玻璃基板
·试样No.2与第一实施方式相同
·试样No.14、15在形成了多层膜(Au/Cr、Au/Ti)
之后,在大气中以250℃加热1小时,使Cr或Ti向
Au表面扩散,在大气中进行表面氧化。
·Pt-0.1%Zr、Au-0.1%Zr由合金靶形成单层膜
·覆盖层:Ag(1):无电镀,Ag(2):电镀
·覆盖层的Au、Pt均电镀
·试样No.30~32的覆盖层为多层(金属配线原料/Pt/(Ag、Cr、Ti)
使用上述的各种转印用基板,进行了向硅片的金属配线形成。关于它们的试验,对硅片上的金属膜进行了一部分变更。而且,下部块的加热温度也进行了一部分变更。其试验结果如表2所示。
[表2]
·加压力示出(转印用基板的加压力/金属配线原料的屈服应力)。
从上述表2可知,在利用各种金属粉末形成了金属配线原料的情况、或者变更了基底金属膜的情况的任一情况下,确认到了以300℃以下的低温能够进行可靠的转印。不过,无论怎样低温,在晶片侧的加热温度低的情况下,都存在转印率恶化的倾向(试验No.29)。
另外,在使用了粒径粗的金属粉末的情况下(试验No.30),可知即使比较提高晶片侧的加热温度,转印率也会劣化。而且,若观察覆盖层,当超过了厚度1μm时,观察到转印率的下降(试验No.31、32)。
第三实施方式:在此,对于第二实施方式的试样No.20~32,与第二实施方式同样地进行凸点形成。测定了凸点的剪切强度(接合力)。在此的加压力设定了2种(1MPa、5MPa)。而且,剪切强度的测定利用接合试验品进行。其结果如表3所示。
[表3]
根据表3,考虑到金粉末烧结体的屈服强度(21MPa)时,在覆盖层的厚度超过1μm的情况下(试验No.6(试样No.25)和试验No.10(试样No.29)),剪切强度比20MPa小,强度不足。并且,在覆盖层厚度为1μm以下的试样中,均保持了良好的强度。这考虑为如上述那样,当覆盖层变厚时,无法维持金属配线原料的表面状态,作为烧结体的接合性下降。
工业实用性
本发明在向半导体晶片、化合物晶片、MEMS晶片等被转印物上的金属配线形成中,能够提供一种比以往低温的加工工序,能够对金属配线的微细化、品质保持作出贡献。
Claims (7)
1.一种转印用基板,包括基板、形成在所述基板上的至少一个金属配线原料、形成在所述金属配线原料的表面上的至少1层的覆盖层、形成在所述基板与所述金属配线原料之间的基底金属膜,用于使所述金属配线原料向被转印物转印,其中,
所述金属配线原料是将纯度99.9重量%以上、平均粒径0.01μm~1.0μm的从金粉、银粉、铂粉、钯粉、铜粉中选择的一种以上的金属粉末烧结而成的成形体,
所述覆盖层是金、银、铂、钯、钌、铑、铱、铬、钛、钨、钽、镍、铜、锆中的任一种金属或它们的合金,由与所述金属配线原料不同的组成的金属或合金构成,且其总厚度为1μm以下,
所述基底金属膜由金、银、铂、钯、钌、铑、铱、铬、钛、钨、钽、镍、铜、锆中的任一种金属或它们的合金构成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的转印用基板,其中,
基底金属膜由与金属配线原料不同的组成的金属或合金构成。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的转印用基板,其中,
基底金属膜的厚度为1~100nm。
4.一种金属配线的形成方法,使权利要求1~权利要求3中任一项所述的转印用基板与被转印物对置而重叠,对所述转印用基板及所述被转印物进行加热,并对所述转印用基板进行按压而使金属配线原料与所述被转印物接合并转印到所述被转印物,其中,
所述转印用基板的加热温度设为80~200℃,所述被转印物的加热温度设为80~300℃。
5.根据权利要求4所述的金属配线的形成方法,其中,
对转印用基板进行按压时的压力设为金属配线原料的屈服强度的0.1~1.5倍。
6.根据权利要求4或权利要求5所述的金属配线的形成方法,其中,
在被转印物形成了由包含构成转印用基板的金属配线原料的金属在内的金属构成的电极膜之后,对金属配线原料进行转印。
7.根据权利要求4~权利要求6中任一项所述的金属配线的形成方法,其中,
将由纯度99.9重量%以上、平均粒径0.01μm~1.0μm的从金粉、银粉、铂粉、钯粉、铜粉中选择的一种以上的金属粉末和有机溶剂构成的金属糊剂进行涂敷、烧结,从而制造转印用基板的金属配线原料。
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