CN103958277B - 保护板、该板的制造方法和装配该板的车辆 - Google Patents

保护板、该板的制造方法和装配该板的车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103958277B
CN103958277B CN201280057878.8A CN201280057878A CN103958277B CN 103958277 B CN103958277 B CN 103958277B CN 201280057878 A CN201280057878 A CN 201280057878A CN 103958277 B CN103958277 B CN 103958277B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
wall
plastic material
region
cavity
flexible
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201280057878.8A
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English (en)
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CN103958277A (zh
Inventor
E·佩内拉特
E·菲诺
S·科兰
L·阿祖莱
D·戴迪耶
M·卡尔方唐
M·米西罗利
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Zanili Alto Group Co ltd
Rehau SAS
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Zanili Alto Group Co ltd
Rehau SAS
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Priority claimed from FR1158511A external-priority patent/FR2980426B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR1158516A external-priority patent/FR2980429B1/fr
Application filed by Zanili Alto Group Co ltd, Rehau SAS filed Critical Zanili Alto Group Co ltd
Publication of CN103958277A publication Critical patent/CN103958277A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN103958277B publication Critical patent/CN103958277B/zh
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1674—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of laser diodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/244—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being non-straight, e.g. forming non-closed contours
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5346—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7315—Mechanical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9241—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/929—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/934—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/939—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed characterised by specific speed values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/04—External Ornamental or guard strips; Ornamental inscriptive devices thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C65/1612—Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
    • B29C65/1616—Near infrared radiation [NIR], e.g. by YAG lasers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1677—Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/58—Snap connection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/23—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations
    • B29C66/234—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations said joint lines being in the form of tessellations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/542—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining hollow covers or hollow bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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    • B29C66/7336—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque, transparent or translucent to visible light
    • B29C66/73361—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque, transparent or translucent to visible light at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque to visible light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
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    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
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    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于固定在机动车辆车身的一部分上的塑料材料的保护板(1，10)，所述保护板包括刚性塑料材料的壁(3)和柔性塑料材料的壁(4)，两个壁(3，4)在区域(5)中彼此接触：所述区域围绕至少一个所述两个壁(3，4)在其中彼此间隔开的区域，其特征在于，壁在其中间隔开的每个区域限定腔体(7)，所述腔体由柔性壁(4)和刚性壁(3)之间的密封连接(11)限界并填充空气。

Description

保护板、该板的制造方法和装配该板的车辆
技术领域
本发明要求2011年9月23日提交的法国申请1158511和2011年9月23日提交的法国申请1158516的优先权，其内容(正文、附图和权利要求书)在此通过引用并入。
本发明涉及一种用于被固定在车辆车身的一部分上的保护板。本发明还涉及装配一个或多个保护板的机动车辆。
背景技术
机动车辆的侧门经常被装配保护条，保护条被认为保护这些侧门抵御城市的小撞击，如来自侧门和推车的撞击。由于保护条的宽度小，这些保护条具有的保护功能很微小。
一些车辆装配具有大宽度的侧带。这些侧带由刚性塑料材料制成以及不具有在城市的小撞击的作用下变形的能力。为此，在超市推车的撞击或杆柱撞击的情况下，碰撞的能量集中传递给车门。该侧带具有除了划痕以外的各种优点，避免需要重新漆车辆的整个车门或翼板。
专利US 4 411 938描述了一种柔性材料制成的保护板，其胶粘在机动车辆的车身上。由于板与车身接触，由这种柔性的保护板给予的保护被减小，从而没有避免保护板在稍粗暴的撞击的情况下的变形。
已经提出一种用于固定在机动车辆车身的一部分上的塑料制成的保护板，包括刚性塑料材料的壁和柔性塑料材料的壁，这两个壁在这样的区域内彼此接触：所述区域围绕这两个壁在其中彼此间隔开的区域，并在这两个壁之间限定被填充空气的蜂房。
因此，在城市类型的撞击的情况下，区域，在其中柔性塑料材料的壁与刚性塑料材料的壁间隔开并填充空气，是可变形的。在这种撞击时，柔性壁靠近刚性壁，没有损坏，甚至没有刮擦。这种板因此具有更令人满意的保护能力。
发明内容
本发明的目标是提出一种具有更加改善的保护性能的这类型的保护板。
为此，本发明的目标是一种用于固定在机动车辆车身的一部分上的塑料材料的保护板，所述保护板包括刚性塑料材料的壁和柔性塑料材料的壁，两个壁在区域中彼此接触：所述区域围绕至少一个所述两个壁在其中彼此间隔开的区域，其特征在于，壁在其中间隔开的每个区域限定腔体，所述腔体由柔性壁和刚性壁之间的密封连接限界并填充空气，所述密封连接通过焊接或者通过胶粘实现，使得具有的机械强度大于在碰撞时由腔体内压力升高引起的机械力。
因此有利地，密封地填充空气的这些区域的结构，在撞击时，允许柔性壁变形和靠近刚性壁，没有损坏，甚至没有刮擦，同时由于密封连接限定填充空气的体积而重新获得其形状。
被密封连接束缚在区域内的空气因此起到缓冲器的作用。由密封连接限定并填充空气的区域形成腔体。在碰撞的作用下，该腔体内的气压逐渐升高，柔性材料变形，这允许其吸收碰撞的能量。密封连接允许得到随着变形增加的强度，使得在小变形的情况下，带来柔性的感觉，在更大的变形的情况下，带来更大强度的感觉。因此吸收碰撞时的能量，同时在使用者触碰板时给出柔性和牢固的感觉。
优选地，布置在刚性壁和柔性壁之间的焊缝或胶粘缝构成的密封连接限定腔体的周沿边部和其形状。该腔体有利地可以是蜂房形、圆形截面的泡形或任何其它合适的形状。
为更有利于这种保护能力，尤其在温度变化时，根据本发明的一个优选实施方式，在刚性壁中每个腔体处布置孔口，所述孔口的尺寸设计为，以便在撞击的情况下或在腔体上快速用力的情况下不让空气逸出，同时在热变化作用下腔体中内压变化时允许空气的逸出和进入。
因此有利地，当车辆保持在阳光下且在尤其与制冷有关的降温时，布置在刚性壁中的孔口允许对在温度升高的作用下腔室中空气压力的升高进行调节。
在温度上升时，该腔体内突然发生过压和引起打破刚性壁和柔性壁间的连接的密封性的非常大的危险。为此，孔口的出现允许借助逸出来保持腔体内合适的压力。
此外，在温度降低时，还避免可引起腔体变形的腔体内的低压。可出现在腔体中的低压因而通过空气由孔口进入而被补偿。
根据一个优选实施方式，孔口被布置在腔体的这样部分上：一旦板被安装，该部分对应该腔体的内部，使得因此避免水例如通过流淌进入填充空气的这些区域的内部的任何危险。在其中限定腔体为泡形或蜂房形的区域可以分布在保护板上，以形成美学图案。
在本发明的一个优选例样式中，与两个壁在其中彼此间隔开和填充空气的区域对应的腔体占据的表面比两个壁在其中彼此接触的区域更大。因此，在撞击时板的表面的大部分是可变形的，这给予其优化的保护能力。
刚性塑料材料的壁在其表面之一上包括固定部件，用于将所述壁固定至车身的所述部分上，柔性材料制成的壁覆盖刚性材料制成的壁的另一面。在两个壁在其中彼此接触的区域中，所述两个壁被彼此焊接或胶粘。还优选地，在板的周沿，柔性塑料材料的壁被焊接或胶粘至刚性塑料材料的壁。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中，柔性塑料材料的壁的周沿边部相对于刚性塑料材料的壁的周沿边部是伸出的，以构成用于贴靠在所述车辆车身的一部分上的柔性唇边。有利地，这种周沿唇边允许板在车门上的支承。板的固定部件从板朝门施加牵引而唇边朝外推板。这样的布置允许得到在根据本发明的板与车身之间的防水、还有防灰尘和噪音的密封连接。
此外，在车门有咔嗒声的情况下，周沿唇边还允许吸收能量。实际上，唇边弹性地变形，和在车门有咔嗒声时阻止板与金属板间的各种噪音。
另外，周沿唇边具有预应力，这允许其吸收各种公差间隙(门冲压件，支撑板、固定装置等的公差......)，而唇边的变形性允许柔性弹性变形，其易于通过卡扣安装在车门上和板在车门上的弹性固定，阻止行驶时的各种震动噪音。
柔性唇边还允许易于将板通过卡扣固定。由于其尺寸，板包括很多数量的通过卡扣固定的固定装置。为了卡扣部件进入金属板的孔中和为了其在金属板后面打开，需要安装者轻轻地板至超出其理论位置。柔性唇边允许将板推到超出该位置，而不施加过大的力，然后使其返回其平衡位置。刚性支承，例如在金属板上的支撑，引起非常高的卡扣力。
在本发明的一个优选样式中，在两个壁在其中间隔开和填充空气的区域中，柔性塑料材料的壁具有定向为朝外的凸起表面。该凸起表面允许得到对于撞击特别有效的保护。在该样式中，刚性塑料材料的壁优选具有凸起表面，该凸起表面定向在与柔性塑料材料的壁的凸起表面相对的方向中。这样的布置允许增加限定在板的两个壁之间的区域的每一个的体积和由此增加其对于撞击的保护。
还优选地，与被柔性材料的壁覆盖的表面相对的刚性塑料材料的壁的表面包括加强肋。从刚性壁的内表面延伸直至靠近金属板的这些肋提高刚性塑料材料的壁的硬度。
根据另一方面，本发明还涉及机动车辆，所述机动车辆包括至少一个固定在暴露于撞击的其车身的一部分上的根据本发明的保护板。
优选地，所述保护板被固定在车身的包括至少一个孔洞的一部分上。该孔洞允许减轻保护板固定在其上的车身的部分。
在本发明的一个优选样式中，所述保护板被固定在车辆侧车门的每一个上。该保护板还可被固定在车辆的前部和/或后部上。
根据另一实施方式，其上固定保护板的车身的部分是实心的并且在所述实心部分与板的刚性壁之间布置足够的间隙，以允许空气通过孔口流通和避免呼啸的噪音。
本发明还涉及一种用于被固定在机动车辆的车身的一部分上的塑料材料的保护板的制造方法，所述保护板包括刚性塑料材料的壁和柔性塑料材料的壁，两个壁在区域中彼此接触：所述区域围绕所述两个壁在其中彼此间隔开的区域，所述方法包括以下步骤：通过模制成型制成两个壁，其中一个壁由第一塑料材料制成用于形成刚性壁，另一个壁由第二塑料材料制成用于形成柔性壁，然后使柔性壁贴靠刚性壁，使得这两个壁在这样的区域中彼此接触：所述区域围绕所述两个壁在其中间隔开的区域，所述区域限定填充空气的腔体，所述腔体由通过激光焊接线或通过胶粘缝实现的密封连接限界。
根据该方法的一个优选实施方式，刚性壁也是模制的，以便具有凸起表面，所述凸起表面面对柔性壁的凸起表面，被定向在与柔性塑料材料的壁的凸起表面相对的方向中。
在一个变型中，刚性壁与柔性壁之间的密封连接通过胶粘缝得到，胶粘缝具有的宽度在5至10mm之间。
在一个变型中，在模制刚性壁时，将孔口布置在所述壁中在对应腔体的位置处。
有利地，柔性壁借助通过激光焊接方法实施的连接被组装在刚性壁的所有周沿区域上。
优选地，还实施激光焊接以在两个壁沿焊接线接触的区域中将柔性壁和刚性壁组装起来。
为了有利于焊接，两个壁在焊接区域中被足够的夹紧力彼此贴靠，优选地，尽可能靠近焊接线施加0.5至40bars之间的局部压力。
用于制造板的柔性壁的柔性塑料材料是在外部的和选择为不透明的。刚性支撑由对激光光束透明的材料制成，允许激光光束穿过所述材料直至不透明材料。
如此，一旦透明的塑料材料被穿过，激光光束到达与柔性壁的不透明材料接触并引起柔性的板的所述材料的局部发热。两个壁在压力下的贴面允许热量传递给刚性壁，在光束通过之后出现的冷却时，两个材料被固定。
因此，柔性的塑料材料应具有零激光光束透光性，其因此应是完全不透明的。事实上，如果由激光带来的能量的一部分突然发生传递，穿过柔性外壳或在芯部而不仅仅在表面加热柔性外壳，这破坏在柔性壁与刚性壁之间得到的连接的质量。
优选选择柔性塑料材料，其透光性在0至10％范围内。为了保证该不透明性，柔性材料可包含激光添加剂(二氧化锑，炭黑，等......)。
该柔性材料优选自芳族的热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)用于深的着色，脂族的TPU用于任何其它的着色，柔性的或半刚性的聚氯乙烯(PVC)，SEBS(苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯)共聚物，硅酮(SIK)。
这些材料还具有优点：作为车辆内部具有柔性和舒适的触感，受保护的感受(橡胶缓冲效果)，良好的抗划痕强度，自清洁材料，通过吸收能量保护车辆的效果，可能亚光的外观。另外，如果选择与保护板应被安装在其上的车辆车身颜色不同的着色，可得到双调视觉效果。
此外，构成柔性壁的塑料材料还应具有一些物理特征，比如抗划痕强度，清洁性，抗UV强度，在-30℃至85℃的温度范围内的机械强度。
用于构成刚性壁的塑料材料应与柔性壁的材料是兼容的，以使得激光焊接成为可能。该材料选自聚丙烯(PP)，丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)，聚碳酸酯混合物(PC)/ABS。
用于刚性壁的塑料材料还应具有良好的物理特征，尤其是包括低温下的抗撞击强度，在85℃温度的强度(杨氏模量和牵拉强度)，小的膨胀系数以便保证间隙和齐平以及良好的注塑性。
附图说明
本发明其它特点和优点将根据下面的整个描述中再得以显现。
作为非限制性示例给出的附图：
-图1示意性示出根据本发明的板的腔体的剖视图；
-图2示出根据本发明的保护板的刚性侧部分的平面图，
-图3是沿线A-A的图1的剖视图；以及
-图4示意性示出激光焊接方法。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的塑料制成的保护板1被固定在机动车辆的侧门的金属板2上。
该保护板1包括用于贴靠金属板2的由刚性塑料材料的内壁3和用于朝向车辆外部的柔性塑料材料的外壁4。
这两个壁3、4在区域5中彼此接触，区域5围绕区域7，在区域7中这两个壁3、4彼此间隔开，所述区域7被充填空气。为了形成该空间，柔性的外壁具有隆起的凸起形状，朝板1的外部突出。
区域7由壁3和4的密封连接11限界，壁3和4彼此接触并因而限定腔体，腔体能缓冲城市的小撞击。在其中壁3、4彼此接触的区域中，这两个壁3、4至少通过限界区域7的密封连接11彼此焊接或胶粘。
腔体可具有允许还确定美学图案的各种形状。在图1所示的情况中，腔体具有圆形截面的泡形。柔性塑料材料的壁4因而具有朝外隆起的凸起形状，与刚性塑料材料的壁3隔开，壁3是扁平的。
刚性塑料材料的壁3在其内表面上包括固定部件，如卡勾31，用于将该壁固定至车门的外壳2。柔性材料制成的壁4覆盖刚性材料制成的壁3的外表面。
构成板的柔性壁的塑料材料选择为具有这样的特征：足够的抗划痕和抗UV的强度，清洁能力，以及在从-30℃至+85℃的使用温度范围内的合适的机械强度。
构成板的刚性壁的塑料材料应具备这样的合适的特征：在低温下的抗撞击强度，在85℃温度下的机械强度(杨氏模量，抗拉强度)。此外，其应具备小的膨胀系数，以便保证用于其的制造的间隙和齐平以及良好注塑性。
因此，刚性塑料材料的壁3可以是ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、PC(聚碳酸酯)、PP(聚丙烯)或类似物制成的。优选地，使用PC百分比约为65％的PC/ABS混合物，尤其在壁用激光焊接组装情况中。
柔性塑料材料的壁4可以是弹性体，如由芳族或脂族的热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、硅酮(SIK)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)或者烯属或苯乙烯的热塑性弹性体例如SEBS(苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯)制成。刚性的和柔性的塑料材料被选择以便兼容焊接或胶粘。
参照图2和3，腔体70具有六边形形状，因而形成蜂房。该蜂房的形状允许腔体70呈蜜蜂巢穴状分布在板1内并因而具有使腔体70间的连接区域5的面积最小化的优点。因此，板10的外表面的主要部分是由蜂房构成，蜂房能够缓和城市的小撞击，不损坏板10，不损坏车门2。
为使蜂房具有适当的柔性/硬度，可对下面的特征进行调整：
-构成壁4的柔性材料的硬度和厚度
-形成更多或更少隆起的腔体70
-腔体70的顶部相对于刚性区域5在Y方向的伸出
-腔体70的宽度。
在最后一种情况中，计算的是蜂房的最小尺寸。不调整等于或大于宽度的蜂房的长度。
在腔体具有如图1可见的密封泡的形状的情况下，将要考虑空气的压缩，再加上材料的特征和腔体的几何形状。在此情况下，为了有效，需要腔体具有尽可能圆的形状(球形)。足够平的椭圆形泡的特征在于在变形的情况下压力少量升高。
如图1至3所示，柔性塑料材料的壁4的边缘4a相对于刚性塑料材料的壁3的边缘3a是伸出的，以构成承靠在车辆车门的外壳上的柔性唇边，其允许实现板1与门2之间的密封。
另外，在板1的周沿，柔性塑料材料的壁4在12处以密封方式被焊接或胶粘至刚性塑料材料的壁3。图3还示出，在两个壁3、4被间隔开的区域中，柔性塑料材料的壁4具有向外凸起表面，其相对于板1的余下部分稍微突出。
另外，图3上，在蜂房中，刚性塑料材料的壁3具有突起的表面，该突起的表面定向在与柔性塑料材料的壁4的凸起表面相反的方向中。此外，与柔性塑料材料的壁4相对的刚性塑料材料的壁3的内表面包括加强肋30。
这些加强肋30提高板的刚性并保证抗外力和抗撞击的足够的强度。这些肋30从板的内表面延伸直至板被固定在其上的金属板的几毫米处。如此，如果板的厚度是2.5mm，肋30的厚度稍小于2.5mm。
当密封连接11借助于焊接方法例如激光焊接实现，肋30不出现在焊接区域中。实际上，当这种焊接时，激光应穿过厚度恒定的壁，以便保证均匀焊接。肋30的出现引起穿透性的改变并因而引起焊接温度的改变，因而设置使激光焊接区域没有约束。为使肋的这种阻断不引起板的弱化，在刚性的板上设置凹陷34，尤其是在腔体70的区域中。这些凹陷34局部强化板3。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方式，周沿肋33靠近车门的穿孔的边缘设置并用于支撑密封垫圈14，密封垫圈14布置在周沿肋33的顶部上。
因此，在板10安装到穿孔的车门上之后，周缘垫圈与金属板2接触并保证围绕车门板的孔洞的完全密封。
在区域的这种分布中，不存在有在板1的长度或高度方向上能构成板1、10的固定线的直的连接线。
在图2和3所示实例中，每个蜂房包括布置在刚性壁3中的孔口32。
孔口32被布置在刚性壁3中在每个腔体70处，该孔口32的尺寸设计为，使得在撞击的情况下或在腔体70上的快速应力的情况下不让空气逸出，同时在温度变化的作用下腔体70中内部压力变化时允许空气逸出和进入。
如此，当车辆停留在太阳下和在尤其与制冷有关的降温时，孔口32允许调节腔体70内的空气的压力在温度增高的作用下的升高。
当温度升高时，过压出现在该腔体70内并导致破坏刚性壁3与柔性壁4之间的连接11的密封的非常大的风险。孔口32的存在允许空气逸出以保持腔体70内合适的压力。
当温度降低时，还避免腔体70中能引起变形的低压。能在腔体70内起作用的低压因而被由孔口32进入的空气补偿。
现在将通过参照用激光焊接实施根据本发明的板更详细地描述本发明。
密封连接借助激光焊接实现，肋30不出现在激光焊接区域。实际上，在这种焊接时，如图4所示，激光应穿过恒定厚度的壁，以便保证均匀焊接。肋30的出现引起穿透性的改变并因而引起焊接温度的改变，因而设置使激光焊接区域没有约束。
刚性的塑料材料比如是与柔性壁的TPU化学上能并存的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)或者优选地是PC百分比约为65％的PC(聚碳酸酯)/ABS混合物。
一旦壁3、4彼此搁靠，每个壁的隆起区域彼此相对，通过激光焊接实现密封连接。
因此，选择的ABS具有100％的激光光束透光性，而TPU对于激光是不透明的。在两种材料之间的界面处，产生加热，加热引起两种材料的机械连接。该连接是密封的。
优选地，对于激光功率在60至300w，焊接温度选择在200至300℃的范围中，焊接速度选择在10至50毫米/秒的范围内。
使用二极管激光，其波长从800至1000nm，温度控制闭环式进行，释放的功率因而受控制的。优选地，焊缝宽度在3至15mm之间。
用于实施板的柔性壁4的柔性的塑料材料在外部并选择为不透明的。刚性的支撑或刚性壁3用透明材料制成，透明材料允许激光束穿过直至不透明材料。因此，选择的ABS具有100％的激光光束透光性，而TPU对于激光是不透明的。在两种材料的界面，产生发热，发生产生两种材料的机械连接。该连接是密封的。
如此，一旦透明的塑料材料3被穿过，激光光束到达与柔性壁4的不透明材料接触并引起柔性壁4的所述材料的局部发热。两个壁3、4在压力下的贴面允许热量传递给刚性壁，在光束通过之后介入的冷却时，两个材料被固定。
因此，柔性的塑料材料4应具有零激光光束透光性，其因此应是完全不透明的。事实上，如果由激光带来的能力的一部分突然发生传递，穿过柔性壁4或在芯部而不仅仅在表面加热柔性壁，这破坏在柔性壁4与刚性壁3之间得到的密封连接。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于固定在机动车辆车身的一部分上的塑料材料的保护板(1，10)，所述保护板包括刚性塑料材料的壁(3)和柔性塑料材料的壁(4)，两个壁(3，4)在区域(5)中彼此接触：所述区域围绕至少一个所述两个壁(3，4)在其中彼此间隔开的区域，其特征在于，壁在其中间隔开的每个区域限定腔体(7，70)，所述腔体由柔性塑料材料的壁(4)和刚性塑料材料的壁(3)之间的密封连接(11)限界并填充空气，所述密封连接(11)通过焊接或者通过胶粘实现，使得具有的机械强度大于在碰撞时由腔体(7)内压力升高引起的机械力，在刚性塑料材料的壁(3)中每个腔体(70)处布置孔口(32)，所述孔口(32)的尺寸设计为，以便在撞击的情况下或在腔体(70)上快速用力的情况下不让空气逸出，同时在热变化作用下腔体(70)中内压变化时允许空气的逸出和进入。
2.根据权利要求1所述的保护板(1，10)，其特征在于，在两个壁(3，4)在其中彼此接触的区域(5)中，所述两个壁(3，4)被彼此焊接或胶粘。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的保护板(1，10)，其特征在于，柔性塑料材料的壁(4)的周沿边部相对于刚性塑料材料的壁(3)的周沿边部是伸出的，以构成用于贴靠在所述车辆车身的一部分上的柔性唇边。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的保护板(1，10)，其特征在于，与被柔性塑料材料的壁(4)覆盖的表面相对的刚性塑料材料的壁(3)的表面包括加强肋。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的保护板(1，10)，其特征在于，柔性塑料材料具有0至10％范围内的透光性。
6.一种用于被固定在机动车辆的车身的一部分上的塑料材料的保护板的制造方法，所述保护板包括刚性塑料材料的壁和柔性塑料材料的壁，两个壁在区域中彼此接触：所述区域围绕所述两个壁在其中彼此间隔开的区域，所述方法包括以下步骤：通过模制成型制成两个壁，其中一个壁由第一塑料材料制成用于形成刚性塑料材料的壁，另一个壁由第二塑料材料制成用于形成柔性塑料材料的壁，然后使柔性塑料材料的壁贴靠刚性塑料材料的壁，使得这两个壁在这样的区域中彼此接触：所述区域围绕所述两个壁在其中间隔开的区域，所述区域限定填充空气的腔体，所述腔体由通过激光焊接线或通过胶粘缝实现的密封连接限界，在刚性塑料材料的壁(3)中每个腔体(70)处布置孔口(32)，所述孔口(32)的尺寸设计为，以便在撞击的情况下或在腔体(70)上快速用力的情况下不让空气逸出，同时在热变化作用下腔体(70)中内压变化时允许空气的逸出和进入。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，密封连接通过胶粘得到，其特征在于，胶粘缝以规律的间隔被布置在接触区域中，以将所述接触区域保持组装在一起；并且，胶粘缝还被布置在壁的周沿。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，密封连接通过激光焊接线或密封连接通过胶粘得到，胶粘缝以规律的间隔被布置在接触区域中，以将所述接触区域保持组装在一起；并且，胶粘缝还被布置在壁的周沿，其特征在于，柔性塑料材料是不透明的而刚性塑料材料是透明的，激光光束穿过透明的刚性塑料材料，直至不透明的柔性塑料材料并且引起所述不透明材料的局部加热，而两个壁在压力下贴靠允许热量传递给刚性塑料材料的壁，在光束通过之后出现冷却时，两个材料被固定。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，密封连接通过激光焊接线得到，密封机械连接的焊缝的宽度在3至15mm之间。
10.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，密封连接通过激光焊接线得到，其特征在于，实施激光焊接以在两个壁沿焊接线接触的区域中将柔性塑料材料的壁和刚性塑料材料的壁组装起来。
11.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，密封连接通过激光焊接线得到，密封机械连接的焊缝的宽度在3至15mm之间，其特征在于，实施激光焊接以在两个壁沿焊接线接触的区域中将柔性塑料材料的壁和刚性塑料材料的壁组装起来。
12.根据权利要求6或9所述的方法，其特征在于，两个壁在焊接区域中被足够的夹紧力彼此贴靠。
13.根据权利要求6或9所述的方法，其特征在于，对于激光功率在60至300W之间，焊接温度被选择在200至300℃范围中，焊接速度被选择在10至50毫米/秒的范围中，使用的二极管激光具有800至1000nm的波长。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，温度控制以闭环式进行，释放的功率因此是伺服的。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，尽可能靠近焊接线施加0.5至40bars之间的局部压力。
16.一种机动车辆，其包括至少一个根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的固定至车身的暴露于撞击下的一部分(2)上的保护板(1，10)。
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EP2758280B1 (fr) 2016-06-29
RU2014116121A (ru) 2015-10-27
RU2568520C2 (ru) 2015-11-20
WO2013041489A1 (fr) 2013-03-28
EP2758280A1 (fr) 2014-07-30
ES2583805T3 (es) 2016-09-22
CN103958277A (zh) 2014-07-30

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