CN103946355B - 水溶性金属加工油剂,金属加工液,及金属加工方法 - Google Patents
水溶性金属加工油剂,金属加工液,及金属加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103946355B CN103946355B CN201280056557.6A CN201280056557A CN103946355B CN 103946355 B CN103946355 B CN 103946355B CN 201280056557 A CN201280056557 A CN 201280056557A CN 103946355 B CN103946355 B CN 103946355B
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- acid
- water soluble
- soluble metal
- processing oil
- oil solution
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/56—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing nitrogen
- C10M105/58—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines, quaternary amines
- C10M105/60—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines, quaternary amines having amino groups bound to an acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atom
- C10M105/62—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines, quaternary amines having amino groups bound to an acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atom containing hydroxy groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/12—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine
- B23Q11/121—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine with lubricating effect for reducing friction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M2207/2805—Esters used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/102—Polyesters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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Abstract
一种水溶性金属加工油剂,包含下述的A成分、B成分、C成分以及D成分,该A成分是满足基于JIS K2242测定的特性温度在570℃以上的酯化合物,相对于该水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,含有10质量%以上,该B成分是羟基羧酸经脱水缩合所得的缩合脂肪酸(1),以及该缩合脂肪酸(1)的醇性羟基和1元羧酸经脱水缩合所得的缩合脂肪酸(2)中的至少任意1种的缩合脂肪酸,且满足基于JIS K2242测定的特性温度在650℃以上,进一步地相对于该水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,含有7.5质量%以上,该C成分是羧酸,相对于该水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,含有2质量%以上,该D成分是碱性化合物,含有至少中和所述B成分和所述C成分的总酸值的中和当量份。由此,对于难加工材料,可以发挥优异的加工性,能延长工具的寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及切削或研削金属的金属加工中使用的水溶性金属加工油剂、金属加工液以及金属加工方法。
背景技术
切削加工或研削加工等的金属加工领域中,以加工效率的提高,被加工材料与被加工材料的加工工具间的摩擦抑制,工具的寿命延长效果、切断碎屑的除去等为目的使用金属加工油剂。金属加工油剂中包含作为主成分的矿物油、动植物油、合成油等的油份,和油份中配入具有表面活性的化合物而赋予水溶性的材料。出于资源的有效运用或火灾的防止等的理由,近年来,赋予水溶性的材料(称为水溶性金属加工油剂)一直被使用。
以满足水溶性金属加工油剂中追求的消泡性或耐腐坏性能,提高加工效率为目的,提出配入例如蓖麻酸聚合物的胺盐等(参考专利文献1)。此外,以提高加工效率为目的,以往在金属加工油剂中配入氯化石蜡,但被指出有在人体产生有害的二恶英的担忧,近年来提出代替氯化石蜡配入硫或磷等的化合物(参考专利文献2)。此外,期待进一步的加工性能的提高而提出了在金属加工油剂中配入蓖麻酸缩合脂肪酸、酯化合物及胺等的化合物(参考专利文献3)。
可是,如专利文献1、3所述,即使是配入蓖麻酸聚合物的胺盐和矿物油所得的金属加工油剂,在切削加工如钛合金、镍合金、钴合金等那样的加工困难性高的难加工材料时,由于加工时产生的加工热在工具中积累,有对工具的负荷变高,工具的寿命变短等的问题。
此外,以提高生产率为目的提高切削速度时,由于进一步产生高加工热,对工具的负荷进一步提高,因此如专利文献3所示,即使在组合使用蓖麻酸缩合脂肪酸和酯化合物时,也有无法得到充分的加工性能的情况。此外,在专利文献2中,由于配入硫或磷等的化合物,对环境的负担被担忧。
如上所述,在难加工材料的加工领域中,为了进行高效率的切削加工,正寻求金属加工油剂的进一步的改良。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利特开昭57-159891号公报
专利文献2:日本专利特开昭60-141795号公报
专利文献3:日本专利特开2011-111593号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
因此,本发明的目的是提供对于难加工材料,能够发挥优异的加工性,能延长工具的寿命的水溶性金属加工油剂、金属加工液以及金属加工方法。
解决课题的手段
本发明人,反复深入研究的结果发现,在水溶性金属加工油剂中,作为有利于润滑性的润滑成分,通过选择特性温度满足特定的条件的酯化合物,和特定的缩合脂肪酸,可解决所述课题。本发明是基于该发现而完成的发明。
即,本发明涉及
[1]一种水溶性金属加工油剂,其特征在于,包含下述的A成分、B成分、C成分以及D成分,该A成分是满足基于JIS K2242测定的特性温度在570℃以上的酯化合物,相对于该水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,含有10质量%以上,
该B成分是羟基羧酸经脱水缩合所得的缩合脂肪酸(1),以及该缩合脂肪酸(1)的醇性羟基和1元羧酸经脱水缩合所得的缩合脂肪酸(2)中的至少任意1种的缩合脂肪酸,且满足基于JIS K2242测定的特性温度在650℃以上,进一步地相对于该水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,含有7.5质量%以上,
该C成分是羧酸,相对于该水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,含有2质量%以上,
该D成分是碱性化合物,含有至少中和所述B成分和所述C成分的总酸值的中和当量份,
[2]一种金属加工液,由所述溶性金属加工油剂被水稀释而得,
[3]一种金属加工方法,使用所述水溶性金属加工油剂,加工包括金属的被加工材料,
[4]一种金属加工方法,使用所述金属加工液,加工包括金属的被加工材料。
发明的效果
根据本发明,可以对于难加工材料,提供能够发挥优异的加工性,能延长工具的寿命的水溶性金属加工油剂、金属加工液以及金属加工方法。
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明进行详细说明。
[水溶性金属加工油剂]
本发明的实施方式涉及的水溶性金属加工油剂,是包含下述的A成分、B成分、C成分以及D成分的水溶性金属加工油剂。该A成分是满足基于JIS K2242测定的特性温度在570℃以上的酯化合物,相对于该水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,含有10质量%以上。该B成分是羟基羧酸经脱水缩合所得的缩合脂肪酸(1),以及该缩合脂肪酸(1)的醇性羟基和1元羧酸经脱水缩合所得的缩合脂肪酸(2)中的至少任意1种的缩合脂肪酸,且满足基于JIS K2242测定的特性温度在650℃以上,进一步地相对于该水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,含有7.5质量%以上。该C成分是羧酸,相对于该水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,含有2质量%以上。该D成分是碱性化合物,含有至少中和所述B成分和所述C成分的总酸值的中和当量份。
另外,在本发明的实施方式中,水溶性金属加工油剂是指,金属加工时,稀释于水中使用时赋予水溶性的切削油剂。记载为水溶性金属加工油剂时,表示在水中稀释前的原液组合物。
在JIS K2242(热处理油冷却性试验(A法))中,将银棒试验片的冷却过程规定为蒸气膜阶段、沸腾阶段、对流阶段。所谓特性温度是从蒸气膜阶段向沸腾阶段过渡的温度。
具体而言,蒸气膜阶段是,加热的试验片的表面温度高,用汽化的油剂蒸气层覆盖试验片的状态。即,该蒸气膜阶段,油剂以液体的状态不能直接接触试验片。这表示,在特性温度以上时,油剂作为液体不能作用于试验片,也难以对试验片赋予润滑性。
沸腾阶段是,蒸气膜破裂后,油剂接触试验片引起核沸腾的状态。即,在沸腾阶段中,油剂作为液体能直接接触试验片。这表示,在特性温度以下时,油剂作为液体能作用于试验片,能赋予试验片润滑性。
<A成分>
A成分是酯化合物,基于JIS K2242测定的特性温度在570℃以上。A成分的特性温度不足570℃时,有利于润滑的油份易于汽化,难以得到充分的磨损减少效果,因此工具的寿命变短。特性温度优选600℃以上,更优选650℃以上。特性温度的上限没有限制,但优选800℃以下。
作为构成酯化合物的羧酸,可列举己酸、庚酸、辛酸、2-乙基己酸、壬酸、异壬酸、癸酸、新癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、山萮酸、木蜡酸、十一烯酸、油酸、反油酸、芥酸、神经酸、亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、α-亚麻酸、十八碳四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸、己二酸、辛二酸、癸二酸、壬二酸、十二烷二酸、柠檬酸等。
此外,作为构成酯化合物的醇,可列举季戊四醇、新戊二醇、三羟甲基丙烷等。
作为酯化合物,优选使用多元醇为原料的多元醇酯,优选季戊四醇与羧酸的酯化合物。
此外,优选相对于水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,A成分含有10质量%以上,优选含有15质量%以上。只要在10质量%以上,就能充分得到延长工具的寿命的效果。
<B成分>
此外,优选相对于水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,A成分含有10质量%以上,优选含有15质量%以上。只要在10质量%以上,就能充分得到延长工具的寿命的效果。
B成分是羟基羧酸经脱水缩合所得的缩合脂肪酸(1),以及缩合脂肪酸(1)的醇性羟基和1元羧酸经脱水缩合所得的缩合脂肪酸(2)中的至少任意1种的缩合脂肪酸,且满足基于JIS K2242测定的B成分的特性温度在650℃以上。
B成分的特性温度不足650℃时,B成分易于汽化,难以得到充分的磨损减少效果,因此工具的寿命变短。从所述观点来看,B成分的特性温度,优选670℃以上,更优选690℃以上。
作为上述基于JIS K2242测定的特性温度在650℃以上的B成分的制造中使用的羟基羧酸的一例,可列举蓖麻酸。通过脱水缩聚蓖麻酸(12-羟基十八碳-9-烯酸)得到。将蓖麻酸例如在惰性氛围下加热到200℃左右时开始脱水缩聚,得到缩聚脂肪酸。
蓖麻酸的缩聚度通过反应时间来调整。如果反应时间变长,则酸值以及羟值下降,能得到缩聚度高的脂肪酸。缩聚度越高越能得到高特性温度的缩聚脂肪酸。
缩合脂肪酸(2)通过在羟基羧酸的脱水缩聚物中进一步加入1元羧酸进行脱水缩聚得到。反应的进行可通过羟值的下降确认。通过该反应能够得到进一步高特性温度的缩聚脂肪酸。
作为该反应中使用的1元羧酸,可以是饱和羧酸也可以是不饱和羧酸,当碳原子数小的羧酸作为未反应物残留时,有可能引起不愉快的气味或金属腐蚀,因此优选碳原子数为4以上的羧酸。作为饱和羧酸,可列举己酸、庚酸、辛酸、2-乙基己酸、壬酸、异壬酸、癸酸、新癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、山萮酸以及木蜡酸等。作为不饱和羧酸,可列举十一烯酸、油酸、反油酸、芥酸、神经酸、亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、α-亚麻酸、十八碳四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸等。
优选B成分的酸值为60mgKOH/g以下,更优选40mgKOH/g以下。B成分的酸值超过60mgKOH/g时,有得不到规定的特性温度,无法得到充分的加工性能的情况。
优选B成分的羟值为50mgKOH/g以下,更优选35mgKOH/g以下。B成分的羟值超过50mgKOH/g时,有得不到规定的特性温度,无法得到充分的加工性能的情况。
此外,优选相对于水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,B成分含有7.5质量%以上,更优选10质量%以上。只要在7.5质量%以上,就能充分得到磨损减少效果或延长工具的寿命的效果。
另外,酸值是基于JIS K2501测定的值,羟值是基于JIS K0070测定的值,皂化值是基于JIS K2503测定的值。
<C成分>
在水溶性金属加工油剂中,作为C成分,优选含有羧酸。能作为C成分使用的羧酸,可以是不饱和羧酸、饱和羧酸,也可以具有直链状结构或环状结构。优选C成分为碳原子数4~30的1元羧酸、2元羧酸或多元羧酸。
能作为C成分使用的1元羧酸,可以适用在制造B成分时使用的1元羧酸。
此外,作为2元羧酸,例如可列举己二酸、辛二酸、癸二酸、壬二酸、十二烷二酸等。作为多元羧酸,例如可列举柠檬酸等。
相对于水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,作为C成分的羧酸含有2质量%以上,优选含有5质量%以上,更优选含有8质量%以上。B成分的配比量不足2质量%时,有难以充分得到水溶性金属加工油剂的稳定性或稀释时的稳定性的情况。
<D成分>
优选水溶性金属加工油剂包含胺化合物或碱金属化合物作为D成分。从水溶性金属加工油剂的稳定性的观点来看,优选D成分至少含有中和B成分和C成分的总酸值的中和当量份。D成分的配比量的上限,是用水稀释水溶性金属加工油剂10体积%时的pH为11的值。不足中和当量时,水溶性金属加工油剂的稳定性下降。此外稀释后溶液的pH超过11时,有产生从事金属加工的人的手粗糙的情况。
能作为D成分使用的胺化合物,可以是伯胺、仲胺以及叔胺的任一种,进一步地也可以是烷醇胺。
作为伯胺的例子,可列举一乙醇胺、一丙醇胺、一异丙醇胺、2-氨基-1-丁醇、2-氨基-2-甲基丙醇、丁胺、戊胺、己胺、环己胺、辛胺、月桂胺、硬脂酰胺、油胺、苄胺等。
作为仲胺的例子,可列举二乙胺、二异丙胺、二丁胺、二戊胺、二己胺、二环己胺、二辛胺、二月桂胺、二硬脂胺、二油胺、二苄胺、二乙醇胺、哌嗪、二异丙醇胺、硬脂基乙醇胺、癸基乙醇胺、己基丙醇胺、苯甲基乙醇胺、苯基乙醇胺以及甲苯基丙醇胺等。
作为叔胺的例子,可列举三丁胺、三戊胺、三己胺、三环己胺、三辛胺、三月桂胺、三硬脂胺、三油胺、三苄胺、甲基二环己胺、二油基乙醇胺、二月桂基丙醇胺、二辛基乙醇胺、二丁基乙醇胺、二乙基乙醇胺、二甲基乙醇胺、二己基丙醇胺、二丁基丙醇胺、油基二乙醇胺、硬脂基二丙醇胺、月桂基二乙醇胺、辛基二丙醇胺、丁基二乙醇胺、甲基二乙醇胺、环己基二乙醇胺、苄基二乙醇胺、苯基二乙醇胺、甲苯基二丙醇胺、二甲苯基二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、三丙醇胺、三异丙醇胺等。
这些胺化合物和作为C成分的羧酸构成胺盐。通过在水溶性金属加工油剂中包含胺化合物,能够确保水溶性金属加工油剂的稳定性,提高水溶性。从乳化稳定性、防锈性、耐腐坏性的观点来看,作为胺化合物,优选使用烷醇胺以及烷基胺的任一类或两类。
另外,碱值(盐酸法)是基于JIS K2501测定的值。
<水>
水溶性金属加工油剂(原液组合物)中,也可以包含规定量的水。从水溶性赋予的观点来看,相对于水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,优选水的量为0~50质量%,更优选3~45质量%,进一步优选6~40质量%。
<其他的配比剂>
水溶性金属加工油剂中,在不阻碍本发明的目的的范围,可以进一步配入其他的成分。例如,可配入表面活性剂、润滑性提高剂、金属减活剂、消泡剂、杀菌剂以及抗氧化剂等。
作为表面活性剂,可列举阴离子性表面活性剂、阳离子性表面活性剂、非离子性表面活性剂以及两性表面活性剂等。作为阴离子性表面活性剂,为烷基苯磺酸盐、α-烯烃磺酸盐等。作为阳离子性表面活性剂,为烷基三甲基铵盐、二烷基二甲基铵盐、烷基二甲基苄基铵盐等的季铵盐等。作为非离子性表面活性剂,可列举聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚等的醚,或山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯等的酯,脂肪酸烷醇酰胺这样的酰胺。作为两性表面活性剂,可列举作为甜菜碱系的烷基甜菜碱等。
作为润滑性提高剂,可列举有机酸。作为有机酸,例如可列举辛酸、壬酸、异壬酸、癸酸、月桂酸、硬脂酸、油酸、苯甲酸、对-叔丁基苯甲酸、己二酸、辛二酸、癸二酸、壬二酸、十二烷二酸等。
作为金属减活剂,例如可列举苯并三唑系、咪唑啉、嘧啶衍生物以及噻二唑等。
作为抗氧化剂,可列举烷基化二苯胺、苯基-α-萘胺、烷基化苯基-α-萘胺等的胺系抗氧化剂,2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、4,4’-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、异辛基-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸酯、正十八烷基-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸酯等的苯酚系抗氧化剂,二月桂基-3,3’-硫代二丙酸酯等的硫系抗氧化剂,磷酸酯等的磷系抗氧化剂,进一步有钼系抗氧化剂。
作为杀菌剂,例如可列举三嗪系防腐剂、烷基苯并咪唑系防腐剂等。
作为消泡剂可列举甲基硅油、氟硅油、聚丙烯酸酯等。
[金属加工液]
本发明中的金属加工液通过将水溶性金属加工油剂(原液组合物)在水中稀释得到。此处的水可以是蒸馏水、离子交换水、自来水等的任一种,没有特别限定。优选作为本发明中的水溶性金属加工油剂稀释后使用的浓度,在3体积%以上20体积%以下。更优选5体积%以上,进一步优选10体积%以上。稀释浓度不足3体积%时有难以得到充分的加工性能的担忧。另一方面,超过20体积%时,有可能会损害稀释液的稳定性。
[金属加工方法]
本发明涉及的金属加工方法是使用水溶性金属加工油剂(原液组合物),或用水稀释水溶性金属加工油剂后的金属加工液,加工包括金属的被加工材料的金属加工方法。作为金属加工的种类,可以适宜地使用于切削加工、研削加工、冲孔加工、研磨、拉深加工(絞り加工)、拉丝加工、轧制加工等各种的金属加工领域。本发明的金属加工剂,润滑性优异,因此适合所谓的难加工材料的加工。
作为被加工材料的金属,包括单一金属元素构成的纯金属,和多种金属元素或金属元素和非金属元素构成的金属样的材料。难加工材料为选自包含钛、钛合金、镍合金、铌合金、钽合金、钼合金、钨合金、不锈钢以及高锰钢的组群的至少1种。
根据本发明涉及的金属加工方法,即使不配入含有氯、硫或磷的化合物,也能应用于端铣加工难加工材料等的断续切削加工中。
实施例
以下,列举实施例进一步详细地说明本发明,但本发明并不限定于下述实施例。根据如下所示的评价方法,评价实施例以及比较例涉及的水溶性金属加工油剂的特性。
[评价方法]
<原液稳定性评价>
原液稳定性,使用没有用水稀释的水溶性金属加工油剂(原液组合物)进行评估。将得到的实施例以及比较例的水溶性金属加工油剂在25℃下静置24小时,观察有无分离。不分离的表示为“良”,分离的表示为“不良”。
<切削性能评价>
切削性能通过工具的寿命进行评估。使用立式加工中心,以以下所示的条件进行端铣加工。工具寿命表示从加工开始至工具的后(隙)面摩擦超过0.2mm时,或从加工开始到工具的损伤产生时的任一个较短的期限。将水溶性金属加工油剂(原液组合物)用水稀释制备10体积%的金属加工液,在切削性能的评价中,使用该金属加工液。
使用设备:立式加工中心NV5000α1/A40森林精机制作所制
被削材料:Ti-6AL-4V,形状·圆板
刀片:XOMX 090308TR-ME 06,F40M(S30种)SECO TOOLS制
刀具:Helical Micro Turbo R 217.69-2020.3-016-09.2SECO TOOLS制
支架:HSK 63A铣夹头CT20A NT工具(NT Tool)制
切削速度:80m/min,55m/min
切入:ap(工具轴向):2mm,ae(工具径向):16mm
进给:0.1mm/tooth
供油方法:外部供油,3.7L/min
稀释浓度:10体积%(用水稀释)
[A成分]
作为A成分使用的各酯化合物的规格如下所示。
<酯1(A1成分)>
·季戊四醇四油酸酯
特性温度:704℃,运动粘度(40℃):65mm2/s
特性温度是通过JIS K2242热处理油冷却性试验(A法)测定的温度。运动粘度是基于JIS K2283测定的值。
<酯2(A2成分)>
·三羟甲基丙烷三油酸酯
特性温度:679℃,运动粘度(40℃):49mm2/s
<酯3(A3成分)>
·三羟甲基丙烷二异硬酯酸酯
特性温度:643℃,运动粘度(40℃):107mm2/s
<酯4(A4成分)>
·季戊四醇辛酸酯
特性温度:558℃,运动粘度(40℃):34mm2/s
<酯5(A5成分)>
·三羟甲基丙烷三酯(三羟甲基丙烷与碳原子数8~10的羧酸的酯)
特性温度:534℃,运动粘度(40℃):19mm2/s
[B成分]
<缩合脂肪酸1(B1成分)>
将蓖麻酸在氮气流下,200℃加热脱水缩合,得到缩合脂肪酸1。缩合脂肪酸1,特性温度:712℃,酸值:34mgKOH/g,羟值:28mgKOH/g,皂化值:198mgKOH/g。
酸值是基于JIS K2501测定的值,羟值是基于JIS K0070测定的值,皂化值是基于JIS K2503测定的值。
<缩合脂肪酸2(B2成分)>
将蓖麻酸在氮气流下,200℃加热脱水缩合,得到缩合脂肪酸2。缩合脂肪酸2,特性温度:680℃,酸值:53mgKOH/g,羟值:42mgKOH/g,皂化值:196mgKOH/g。
<缩合脂肪酸3(B3成分)>
将蓖麻酸在氮气流下,200℃加热脱水缩合,进一步加入油酸进行加热脱水缩合,得到缩合脂肪酸3。缩合脂肪酸3,特性温度:666℃,酸值:55mgKOH/g,羟值:9mgKOH/g,皂化值:201mgKOH/g。
<缩合脂肪酸4(B4成分)>
将蓖麻酸在氮气流下,200℃加热脱水缩合,进一步加入油酸进行加热脱水缩合,得到缩合脂肪酸4。缩合脂肪酸4,特性温度:628℃,酸值:85mgKOH/g,羟值:15mgKOH/g,皂化值:195mgKOH/g。
[C成分]
<羧酸1(C1成分)>
油酸,酸值:198mgKOH/g
<羧酸2(C2成分)>
新癸酸,酸值:321mgKOH/g
<羧酸3(C3成分)>
癸二酸,酸值:554mgKOH/g
[D成分]
<胺1(D1成分)>
一异丙醇胺,碱值:747mgKOH/g
<胺2(D2成分)>
甲基二环己胺,碱值:284mgKOH/g
碱值(盐酸法)是基于JIS K2501测定的值。
[实施例以及比较例]
通过将上述各成分按照第1表所示配比处方配入,调整水溶性金属加工油剂。将得到的实施例1~9,比较例1~6的水溶性金属加工油剂根据上述评价方法进行评价。结果如第1表所示。
[评价结果]
如第1表所示可知,本发明的水溶性金属加工油剂,在加工作为被削材料的难加工材料Ti-6AL-4V时,相比于比较例的水溶性金属加工油剂能够更长地维持工具寿命。另一方面可知,在即使配入了特性温度不足规定温度的材料的水溶性金属加工油剂或特性温度在规定的温度以上、但没有配入规定量的水溶性金属加工油剂中,虽然原液稳定性满足所期望的条件,但工具寿命不满足所期望的条件。此外,可知C成分、D成分不以规定的配比比例配入时,不能确保原液稳定性。
比较例6的水溶性金属加工油剂,在切削速度为55m/min时,具有47min左右的工具寿命,加工速度提高至80m/min(1.5倍左右)时,工具寿命显著下降。
与此相对,在低速切削时的实施例2、6中,具有与比较例6同等以上的性能,同时即使在80m/min中,也能满足所期望的工具寿命。由此可知,通过基于JIS K2242的特性温度选择酯化合物,同时选择特定的缩合脂肪酸,在比以往更高速地断续切削难加工材料的金属加工中,能大幅度地延长工具寿命。
Claims (42)
1.一种水溶性金属加工油剂,其特征在于,包含下述A成分、B成分、C成分以及D成分,
该A成分是满足基于JIS K2242测定的特性温度在570℃以上的多元醇酯,相对于该水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,含有10质量%以上,所述多元醇酯为季戊四醇与羧酸的酯,构成所述多元醇酯的羧酸选自油酸、反油酸、芥酸、神经酸、亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、α-亚麻酸、十八碳四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸,
该B成分是羟基羧酸经脱水缩合所得的缩合脂肪酸(1),以及该缩合脂肪酸(1)的醇性羟基与1元羧酸经脱水缩合所得的缩合脂肪酸(2)中的至少任意1种的缩合脂肪酸,且满足基于JIS K2242测定的特性温度在650℃以上,所述B成分的酸值为40mgKOH/g以下,进一步地相对于该水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,含有7.5质量%以上,
该C成分是羧酸,相对于该水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,含有2质量%以上,
该D成分是碱性化合物,含有至少中和所述B成分和所述C成分的总酸值的中和当量份。
2.如权利要求1所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,满足所述A成分的所述特性温度在600℃以上。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,所述B成分的羟值在50mgKOH/g以下。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,所述D成分为胺化合物或碱金属化合物。
5.如权利要求4所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,所述胺化合物为烷醇胺以及烷基胺中的至少一方。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,进一步地含有水。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,所述A成分的特性温度在650℃以上。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,所述A成分的特性温度在800℃以下。
9.如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,相对于水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,含有所述A成分15质量%以上。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,所述B成分的特性温度在670℃以上。
11.如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,所述B成分的特性温度在690℃以上。
12.如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,所述B成分是通过脱水缩聚蓖麻酸得到的缩聚脂肪酸。
13.如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,用于得到所述缩合脂肪酸(2)的所述1元羧酸是碳原子数为4以上的饱和羧酸或不饱和羧酸。
14.如权利要求13所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,所述饱和羧酸选自己酸、庚酸、辛酸、2-乙基己酸、壬酸、异壬酸、癸酸、新癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、山萮酸以及木蜡酸。
15.如权利要求13所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,作为所述不饱和羧酸选自十一烯酸、油酸、反油酸、芥酸、神经酸、亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、α-亚麻酸、十八碳四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸以及二十二碳六烯酸。
16.如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,所述B成分的羟值为35mgKOH/g以下。
17.如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,相对于水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,含有所述B成分10质量%以上。
18.如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,所述C成分选自碳原子数4~30的1元羧酸、2元羧酸或多元羧酸。
19.如权利要求18所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,作为所述C成分的所述1元羧酸为选自十一烯酸、油酸、反油酸、芥酸、神经酸、亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、α-亚麻酸、十八碳四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸以及二十二碳六烯酸的不饱和羧酸。
20.如权利要求18所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,所述2元羧酸选自己二酸、辛二酸、癸二酸、壬二酸、十二烷二酸。
21.如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,相对于水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,含有作为所述C成分的羧酸5质量%以上。
22.如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,相对于水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,含有作为所述C成分的羧酸8质量%以上。
23.如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,所述D成分的配比量的上限是用水稀释水溶性金属加工油剂10体积%时的pH为11的值。
24.如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,能作为所述D成分使用的胺化合物选自伯胺、仲胺以及叔胺、烷醇胺。
25.如权利要求24所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,所述伯胺选自一乙醇胺、一丙醇胺、一异丙醇胺、2-氨基-1-丁醇、2-氨基-2-甲基丙醇、丁胺、戊胺、己胺、环己胺、辛胺、月桂胺、硬脂酰胺、油胺、苄胺。
26.如权利要求24所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,所述仲胺选自二乙胺、二异丙胺、二丁胺、二戊胺、二己胺、二环己胺、二辛胺、二月桂胺、二硬脂胺、二油胺、二苄胺、二乙醇胺、哌嗪、二异丙醇胺、硬脂基乙醇胺、癸基乙醇胺、己基丙醇胺、苯甲基乙醇胺、苯基乙醇胺以及甲苯基丙醇胺。
27.如权利要求24所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,所述叔胺选自三丁胺、三戊胺、三己胺、三环己胺、三辛胺、三月桂胺、三硬脂胺、三油胺、三苄胺、甲基二环己胺、二油基乙醇胺、二月桂基丙醇胺、二辛基乙醇胺、二丁基乙醇胺、二乙基乙醇胺、二甲基乙醇胺、二己基丙醇胺、二丁基丙醇胺、油基二乙醇胺、硬脂基二丙醇胺、月桂基二乙醇胺、辛基二丙醇胺、丁基二乙醇胺、甲基二乙醇胺、环己基二乙醇胺、苄基二乙醇胺、苯基二乙醇胺、甲苯基二丙醇胺、二甲苯基二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、三丙醇胺以及三异丙醇胺。
28.如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,相对于所述水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,含有0~50质量%的水。
29.如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,相对于所述水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,含有3~45质量%的水。
30.如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,相对于所述水溶性金属加工油剂的总量,含有6~40质量%的水。
31.如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,所述A成分为季戊四醇四油酸酯,其特性温度为704℃,40℃时的运动粘度为65mm2/s。
32.如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,所述缩合脂肪酸(1)是将蓖麻酸在氮气流下,200℃加热脱水缩合得到的,其特性温度为712℃,酸值为34mgKOH/g,羟值为28mgKOH/g,皂化值为198mgKOH/g。
33.如权利要求1或2所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,所述C成分为选自油酸、新癸酸、癸二酸中的至少1种。
34.如权利要求24所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,其中,所述D成分为选自一异丙醇胺及甲基二环己胺的至少1种。
35.一种金属加工液,用水稀释权利要求1~34的任一项所述的水溶性金属加工油剂而得。
36.如权利要求35所述的金属加工液,其中,相对于该金属加工液的总量,含有所述水溶性金属加工油剂3体积%以上、20体积%以下。
37.如权利要求35所述的金属加工液,其中,相对于该金属加工液的总量,含有所述水溶性金属加工油剂5体积%以上、20体积%以下。
38.如权利要求35所述的金属加工液,其中,相对于该金属加工液的总量,含有所述水溶性金属加工油剂10体积%以上、20体积%以下。
39.一种金属加工方法,使用权利要求1~34的任一项所述的水溶性金属加工油剂,加工包括金属的被加工材料。
40.一种金属加工方法,使用权利要求35所述的金属加工液,加工包括金属的被加工材料。
41.如权利要求39或40所述的金属加工方法,所述被加工材料是选自包含钛、钛合金、镍合金、铌合金、钽合金、钼合金、钨合金、不锈钢以及高锰钢难加工材料的组群中的至少1种。
42.如权利要求39或40所述的金属加工方法,金属加工方法为断续切削。
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JP2011-251925 | 2011-11-17 | ||
PCT/JP2012/079665 WO2013073617A1 (ja) | 2011-11-17 | 2012-11-15 | 水溶性金属加工油剤、金属加工液、及び金属加工方法 |
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JP6777972B2 (ja) * | 2015-02-06 | 2020-10-28 | 出光興産株式会社 | 水溶性金属加工油組成物およびその使用方法 |
CN108138076B (zh) * | 2015-10-30 | 2021-11-09 | 出光兴产株式会社 | 水溶性金属加工油组合物 |
CN105462659A (zh) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-04-06 | 铜陵市金利电子有限公司 | 一种金属加工用油剂 |
EP3394230B1 (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2020-10-21 | Henkel AG & Co. KGaA | Metalworking fluid |
CN108603135A (zh) * | 2016-02-16 | 2018-09-28 | 出光兴产株式会社 | 水溶性金属加工油组合物、金属加工液和金属加工方法 |
US11118130B2 (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2021-09-14 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Metalworking oil composition |
CN108728205B (zh) * | 2018-07-27 | 2021-05-11 | 南京科润工业介质股份有限公司 | 一种气相防锈油 |
JP7305751B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-26 | 2023-07-10 | 出光興産株式会社 | 水溶性金属加工油組成物 |
CN113122358A (zh) * | 2020-01-16 | 2021-07-16 | 出光兴产株式会社 | 水溶性金属加工液组合物及其使用方法 |
JP7126735B1 (ja) * | 2022-02-15 | 2022-08-29 | 大同化学株式会社 | 未脱脂焼鈍鋼板用水溶性調質圧延液組成物 |
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