CN103946354A - 高温油脂 - Google Patents

高温油脂 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103946354A
CN103946354A CN201280044077.8A CN201280044077A CN103946354A CN 103946354 A CN103946354 A CN 103946354A CN 201280044077 A CN201280044077 A CN 201280044077A CN 103946354 A CN103946354 A CN 103946354A
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China
Prior art keywords
grease
ester
temperature
additive
temperature grease
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CN201280044077.8A
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English (en)
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CN103946354B (zh
Inventor
G.维尔滕佐恩
M.施维希科夫勒
M.施密德-阿梅伦克森
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Klueber Lubrication Muenchen GmbH and Co KG
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Klueber Lubrication Muenchen SE and Co KG
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Priority claimed from DE201210015648 external-priority patent/DE102012015648A1/de
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    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/40—Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高温油脂，其尤其用在瓦楞纸板装置中且只包含无氟基础油。

Description

高温油脂
发明概述
本发明涉及尤其在瓦楞纸板装置中使用的无氟高温油脂。
在瓦楞纸板装置中制备瓦楞纸板的过程中，在压力下和使用热蒸气通过波形辊使波纹卷筒纸成为需要的形状。因此波形辊被暴露在高温下，并因此使用的润滑油脂必须满足苛刻的要求。
在Journal Machinery Lubrication (9/2001)中，作者John Graham描述了使用全氟聚醚油脂作为如在瓦楞纸板装置中所要求的用于高温应用的唯一适合的产品。
如上面已经看到的，在瓦楞纸板装置中，波形辊是关键的润滑点，因为这里必须使用高温以便在高压和高温下将纸卷粘合。波形辊是蒸气加热辊，其中典型的辊操作温度位于150-180℃。
为了确保在瓦楞纸板装置中波形辊连续运转，油润滑通过循环润滑进行。这是一种复杂的方法，其中耗费许多的油。作为替代也可以使用矿物油脂；这里同样由于连续的润滑而使油脂的消耗非常高。
波形辊中高的压力和温度要求过去仅仅通过基于全氟聚醚油(PFPE)油脂得以满足，所述油脂包含聚四氟乙烯或皂类作为增稠剂。替代方案是使用包括至少增加的PFPE含量的润滑油脂(称为杂化油脂)。即使当与PFPE油脂一起使用时，每三周就需要重新润滑。
由于不断重新润滑显示油脂消耗水平高，并且由于PFPE油脂非常昂贵，所以对于可以例如在瓦楞纸板装置中的波形辊中使用的便宜油脂存在着极大需求。对于这些油脂的要求非常严格，因为在高温下应当没有磨损和因为所述油脂必须不硬化；另外，它们要耐腐蚀和耐氧化。
因此本发明的目的是提供无氟化的基础油、更特别是没有无含PFPE基础油的油脂。这些油脂应当是可便宜地生产的并且应当使环境负担最小，因为可以不使用氟化的基础油。重新润滑间隔还应当没有缩短。
令人惊讶地，此目的通过提供高温油脂得以实现，其中使用的基础油是烷基化的萘或二季戊四醇酯，以及它们的混合物，并且不使用氟化的基础油。
本发明的高温油脂包含：
(A)  20-88重量%的无氟基础油，
(B)  45-10重量%的增稠剂，
(C)  15-2重量%的添加剂，和
(D)  20-0重量%的另外的无氟油组分。
一种特别优选的高温油脂包含：
(A)  60重量%的无氟基础油，
(B)  31重量%的增稠剂，
(C)  9重量%的添加剂。
用作基础油的组分(A)选自烷基化萘、二季戊四醇酯或它们的混合物。对于波纹机的生产使用烷基化的萘作为组分(A)是有利的。如果制备用于环箍区段滑块的高温油脂，适当的是使用二季戊四醇酯作为组分(A)。
单独或组合使用PTFE；金属皂，如锂配合物皂、铝配合物皂、钠配合物皂；氮化硼；气溶胶；硅酸盐，如膨润土；有机高温聚合物，如聚酰亚胺和聚酰胺酰亚胺，作为组分(B)。
使用抵抗磨损、氧化、腐蚀的添加剂和降低摩擦或改善高压性能的添加剂作为组分(C)。
特别地，使用的抗氧化剂是分子中可包含硫和/或氮和/或磷的抗氧化剂。它们选自：芳族胺抗氧化剂，如烷基化的苯基-α-萘胺、二烷基-二苯基胺、芳烷基化的二苯基胺，立体位阻的酚，如丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)，具有硫醚基团的酚类抗氧化剂，二烷基二硫代磷酸锌或钼或钨和亚磷酸盐，它们单独使用或组合使用。
磨损抑制剂选自基于如下物质的抗磨添加剂：二苯基甲苯基磷酸盐/酯、胺中和的磷酸盐/酯、烷基化和非烷基化的三芳基磷酸盐/酯、烷基化和非烷基化的三芳基硫代磷酸盐/酯、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌或钼或钨、氨基甲酸盐/酯、硫代氨基甲酸盐/酯、二硫代氨基甲酸锌或钼或钨、二巯基噻二唑、磺酸钙和苯并三唑衍生物，它们单独使用或组合使用。
缓蚀剂使用选自基于如下物质的添加剂：具有100-300mg KOH/g的TBN的髙碱性磺酸钙、胺中和的磷酸盐/酯、烷基化的萘磺酸钙、噁唑啉衍生物、咪唑衍生物、琥珀酸单酯、N-烷基化的苯并三唑，它们单独使用或组合使用。
作为另外的油组分(D)是选自下组的化合物：酯、合成烃、天然油、组III的油，它们单独使用或组合使用。组III的油是特殊加工过的矿物油。使用的矿物油可以是聚二醇、硅油或烷基化的苯。
本发明的高温油脂不仅可以用于润滑瓦楞纸板装置中的波形辊，而且可以在滚珠轴承或滑动点中用于长期润滑的高温应用，其中达到的温度不超过200℃。另外，本发明的高温油脂可以用在环箍区段滑块中。
本发明的油脂所要满足的上述要求通过在圆锥形滚珠轴承中在150℃下和球形滚珠轴承中在180℃下(DIN 51819 FAG)通过FE8试验进行模拟；结果示于表1和2中。
在这些研究中，令人惊奇地，显出所述无PFPE的油脂具有突出的性能。
本发明的高温油脂通过下面的实施例更详细地进行表征。
在所有情况下所述润滑油脂具有大约5000-10000mPas的剪切粘度，其在300 1/s的剪切率下在锥/板几何结构中测量。引用实施例5和6作为PFPE参考样品，其中实施例6经常在瓦楞纸板机器中用于润滑波形辊。为了能够比较与润滑膜厚度相关的实施例油脂的基础油，选择在40℃为160mPas-550mPas的动态粘度.
除非另外说明,实施例中的百分比为重量%。
实施例
实施例1：
31%      PTFE
60%      烷基化的萘
4%        胺类抗氧化剂
5%        作为缓蚀剂的金属皂。
在容器中将烷基化的萘加热到大约100℃。之后加入抗氧化剂并搅拌该混合物直到得到透明溶液。冷却容器内的物质并接着均匀地搅拌金属皂和PTFE。最后，将油脂在三辊磨上均化。
实施例2：
34%      PTFE
28.5%   酯
28.5%   烷基化的萘
4%        胺类抗氧化剂
5%  作为缓蚀剂的金属皂。
在容器中将烷基化的萘和酯加热到大约100℃。之后加入抗氧化剂并搅拌该混合物直到得到透明溶液。冷却容器内的物质并接着均匀地搅拌金属皂和PTFE。最后，将油脂在三辊磨上均化。
实施例3：
33%      PTFE
59%      酯
4%       胺类抗氧化剂
4%       作为缓蚀剂的金属皂。
在容器中将酯加热到大约100℃。之后加入抗氧化剂并搅拌该混合物直到得到透明溶液。冷却容器内的物质并接着均匀地搅拌金属皂和PTFE。最后，将油脂在三辊磨上均化。
实施例4：
31%      氮化硼
60%      烷基化的萘
4%        胺类抗氧化剂
5%        作为缓蚀剂的金属皂。
在容器中将烷基化的萘加热到大约100℃。之后加入抗氧化剂并搅拌该混合物直到得到透明溶液。冷却容器内的物质并接着均匀地搅拌金属皂和氮化硼。最后，将油脂在三辊磨上均化。
对比例1：
21%      PTFE
77%      PFPE
2%  作为缓蚀剂的金属皂。
将PFPE、PTFE和金属皂均匀地搅拌并将所得油脂在三辊磨上均化。
对比例2：
18%      金属皂
82%      PFPE
通过搅拌将金属皂引入PFPE中，并将所得油脂在三辊磨上均化。
对比例3：
64%      添加抗氧化剂、缓蚀剂和磨损抑制剂的二季戊四醇酯基脲油脂
5%        PTFE
31%      PFPE
将脲油脂与PTFE和PFPE一起均匀地搅拌，并将所得油脂在三辊磨上均化。
表1
表2
令人惊奇地发现,来自实施例1-3的本发明的高温油脂，即使在180℃下轴承中使用之后，7天后的润滑能力也正如来自对比例2的PFPE油脂。在所述的情况下剪切粘度小于20000 mPas。实施例油脂4具有23600 mPas也是能够润滑的。
在所述的实验条件下，来自实施例1-4的油脂的蒸发损失不高于10.2%，并因此在PFPE对比油脂1和2的范围内，并且显著优于部分含PFPE的对比例3。
在180℃下30小时后测定的实施例油脂1-4的油沉积值在所有情况下显著低于对比例1和2的PFPE油脂的油沉积值，或者等于对比例3的油沉积。低的油沉积值在轴承上导致更低的油泄漏，并且对于长期润滑是有利的。
为了再现瓦楞纸板装置的波形辊中的集体载荷，对实施例油脂1和3以及对比例1、2和3在180℃下用球形滚珠轴承进行FE8试验。全部5种油脂均达到了500小时的目标轴承运行时间。特别地，实施例油脂1非常接近于某些含PFPE油脂（如对比例2或3）的优异摩擦关系，或者甚至优于对比例1。
对实施例油脂1和对对比例2和3在150℃下用圆锥形滚珠轴承的FE8试验中，确认了同等的摩擦行为。在这些试验中可同时显示实际在波形辊上确立的含PFPE油脂(对比例2和3)突出的磨损行为甚至被实施例油脂1超过。

Claims (12)

1.高温油脂，包含：
(A) 20-88重量%的无氟基础油，
(B) 45-10重量%的增稠剂，
(C) 15-2重量%的添加剂，和
(D) 20-0重量%的另外的无氟油组分。
2.如权利要求1所述的高温油脂，其中组分(A)选自烷基化的萘、二季戊四醇酯或它们的混合物。
3.如权利要求1所述的高温油脂，其中组分(B)选自：PTFE；金属皂，更特别是锂配合物皂、铝配合物皂、钠配合物皂；氮化硼；气溶胶；硅酸盐，如膨润土；有机高温聚合物，更特别是聚酰亚胺和聚酰胺酰亚胺，它们单独使用或组合使用。
4.如权利要求1所述的高温油脂，其中作为组分(C)，使用抵抗磨损、氧化、腐蚀的添加剂和降低摩擦或改善高压性能的添加剂。
5.如权利要求4所述的高温油脂，其中作为添加剂，使用分子中包含硫和/或氮和/或磷的抗氧化剂，所述抗氧化剂单独使用或组合使用且选自芳族胺类抗氧化剂，更特别是烷基化的苯基-α-萘胺、二烷基二苯基胺、芳烷基化的二苯基胺、立体位阻的酚，更特别是丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)、具有硫醚基团的酚类抗氧化剂、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌或钼或钨和亚磷酸盐，它们单独使用或组合使用。
6.如权利要求4所述的高温油脂，其中作为添加剂，使用磨损抑制剂，所述磨损抑制剂选自基于如下物质的抗磨添加剂：二苯基甲苯基磷酸盐/酯、胺中和的磷酸盐/酯、烷基化和非烷基化的三芳基磷酸盐/酯、烷基和非烷基化的三芳基硫代磷酸盐/酯、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌或钼或钨、氨基甲酸盐/酯、硫代氨基甲酸盐/酯、二硫代氨基甲酸锌或钼或钨、二巯基噻二唑、磺酸钙和苯并三唑衍生物，它们单独使用和组合使用。
7.如权利要求4所述的高温油脂，其中作为添加剂，使用缓蚀剂，所述缓蚀剂选自基于如下物质的添加剂：具有100-300mg KOH/g的TBN的髙碱性磺酸钙、胺中和的磷酸盐/酯、烷基化的萘磺酸钙、噁唑啉衍生物、咪唑衍生物、琥珀酸单酯、N-烷基化的苯并三唑，它们单独使用或组合使用。
8.如权利要求1所述的高温油脂，其中作为另外的油组分(D)的是选自下组的化合物：酯、合成烃、天然油、组III的油，它们单独使用或组合使用。
9.如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的高温油脂，其在滚珠轴承或滑动点中用于长期润滑，其中达到的温度不超过200℃。
10.如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的高温油脂，其用在瓦楞纸板装置的波形辊中。
11.如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的高温油脂，其用在环箍区段滑块中。
12.如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的高温油脂，其中在40℃下测量的组分(A)的动力学粘度为至少100mm2/sec。
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