CN103911274A - Device and method for large-scale culture of microalgae - Google Patents
Device and method for large-scale culture of microalgae Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device for large-scale culture of microalgae. The device includes at least one culture unit, and each culture unit comprises: a light zone layer; and a dark zone layer in fluid connection with the light zone layer. Microalgal cells in the culture solution of the light zone layer can fully accept sunlight to as to undergo photosynthesis, and microalgal cells in the culture solution of the dark zone layer cannot fully accept sunlight. The device also includes a conveying instrument, which is configured to drive the culture solution to flow from the dark zone layer to the light zone layer. Specifically, the average residence time of the microalgal cells in the culture solution in the light zone layer is 0.5-10min. By dividing a runway pool into the light zone layer and the dark zone layer and controlling the average residence time of the microalgal cells in the culture solution in the light zone layer, efficient utilization of the natural lighting condition by the microalgal cells can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of apparatus and method of cultivating for microalgae mass, particularly, relate to a kind of open apparatus and method of cultivating for microalgae mass.
Background technology
Along with the progressively exhaustion of the margin of the such as fossil oil such as oil, coal, the continuous increase of CO2 emissions and increasingly sharpening of global warming, the mankind's survival and development situation has faced huge challenge.Utilizing biomass is one of main path of alleviating current energy dilemma and environmental problem as the energy.Micro-algae can pass through photosynthesis, utilizes sun power, carbonic acid gas and water, Synthetic Oil, starch, carbohydrate and multiple high added value biologically active substance, and also the micro algae growth cycle is short, and biomass accumulation ability is higher than terrestrial plant.Therefore, micro-algae is just being subject to increasing extensive concern as a kind of potential production of renewable energy resources raw material.But, how to cultivate micro-algae, improve micro algae biomass throughput, improve the optical energy utilization efficiency in microalgae mass cultivation, become the Research Challenges in current micro-algae biorefinery field.
The bioreactor of cultivating for micro-algae at present mainly contains open and closed two types.Closed bio-reactor have be difficult for polluting, culture condition is easy to control, high, the luminous energy of specific surface area and carbonic acid gas utilising efficiency be compared with advantages of higher.But closed bio-reactor is invested and running cost is large, scale is amplified difficulty, has limited its extensive utilization in micro-algae large-scale is cultivated.That open training method has is simple in structure, amplify easily and low cost and other advantages.Current economical micro-algae kind, mainly takes open aquaculture model as commercially producing of spirulina and chlorella and carries out.
Typical case's open type biological reactor has adopted raceway pond system, this raceway pond system is directly utilized natural growing environment, the general device that does not need to control temperature, and be built into rectangle or ellipse, rely on stirring rake to drive to realize microalgae cell and alternately accept the circulation of illumination and nutrient solution.According to the difference of illumination degree and micro-algae kind, the mean depth general control of nutrient solution is between 15～50cm.Due to extinction and the interception of microalgae cell itself, intensity of illumination decays rapidly with the increase of the cell concn in medium depth and nutrient solution, and the culture layer that can obtain abundant illumination is often no more than 5cm.In addition, due to the circulation of stirring rake driving nutrient solution, most of nutrient solution forms the advection that (is generally less than 20cm/s) at a slow speed, microalgae cell is difficult to fully realize the mixing on optical path, and most cells rests on dark space layer, and small part cell rests on light district floor, so the optical energy utilization efficiency of raceway pond system is very low, its production efficiency is generally on the low side, and cultivation concentration is difficult to exceed 1.0g/L, for following process has been brought the Cost Problems of great number.
Publication number is in the Chinese invention patent application of CN102206570A, a kind of device and cultural method of cultivating for microalgae mass proposed, as shown in Figure 1, this device mainly comprises open raceway pond 101 and bioreactor 103, by liquor pump 102, sufficient illumination bioreactor 103 and the raceway pond 101 of illumination deficiency is carried out to coupling.A part of nutrient solution in raceway pond 101 enters the bottom of bioreactor 103 by liquor pump 102, then flows out and reenter raceway pond 103 from its top, thereby forms circulation.
In the device of cultivating at device microalgae mass, make microalgae cell form suitable shuttling back and forth the cycle between illumination deficiency and sufficient two regions of illumination by the flow that regulates liquor pump 102.The most of microalgae cell that cannot accept illumination in raceway pond 101 can be recycled into and in bioreactor 103, carry out effective photosynthesis, simultaneously, the water body that raceway pond 101 is larger can reduce bioreactor 103 because of the intensification problem that larger optical heat radiation causes, and is conducive to improve the optical energy utilization efficiency of microalgae cell and reduces the temperature control cost that micro-algae is cultivated.
But, in the device of cultivating at device microalgae mass, because bioreactor 103 has certain height (generally higher than 1.5m), realize the circulation of nutrient solution by liquor pump 2, produce the excessive problem of energy consumption; Bioreactor 3 itself still exists that high cost such as, operation energy consumption are too high, not easy cleaning, the problem that is difficult for amplifying etc.; Because coupling system is stationary installation, be difficult to the natural lighting condition of efficiently utilizing the anniversary to change.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of apparatus and method of cultivating for microalgae mass, by raceway pond being divided into light district floor and dark space floor, and control the mean residence time of the microalgae cell Guang district floor of nutrient solution, can realize microalgae cell and efficiently utilize natural lighting condition.
Embodiment according to an aspect of the present invention, the device that provides a kind to cultivate for microalgae mass, comprise: at least one cultivates unit, each cultivation unit comprises: light district floor, and the microalgae cell in the nutrient solution in described smooth district floor can expose to sunlight to occur photosynthesis fully; Dark space layer, described dark space floor is communicated with described smooth district layer fluid, and the microalgae cell in the nutrient solution in the layer of described dark space can not be exposed to sunlight fully; And e Foerderanlage, be configured to drive described nutrient solution to flow to light district floor from described dark space floor; Wherein, the mean residence time of the microalgae cell Guang district floor of described nutrient solution is 0.5-10 minute.
Advantageously, the degree of depth of described dark space floor is greater than the degree of depth of described smooth district floor, and described e Foerderanlage is arranged in the layer of described dark space.
Advantageously, being provided with the dividing plate extending from top to bottom in the layer of described dark space, there is interval in the bottom of the lower end of described dividing plate and dark space layer.
Advantageously, described device further comprises reflux, and described reflux is connected between the dark space floor and last cultivation Guang district, unit floor of a top cultivation unit, circulates so that described nutrient solution is realized.
Advantageously, the mean residence time in the microalgae cell Guang district floor of described nutrient solution is preferably 2-6 minute, more preferably 3-5 minute.
Advantageously, the optical path of propagating in described nutrient solution Guang district floor is 0.5 centimetre～6 centimetres.
Advantageously, the volume ratio of the nutrient solution in described smooth district floor and dark space floor is 0.1-10, is preferably 0.2-5, more preferably 0.25-4.
Advantageously, described device comprises that is cultivated a unit, in described cultivation unit, described smooth district floor is the closing bag of being made up of transparent material, described dark space layer is to be placed on the raceway pond of sealing of described sealing bag bottom or the closing bag of being made up of opaque material, described smooth district floor and described dark space floor are communicated with by least two communicating passage fluids, and described e Foerderanlage is arranged in one of them communicating passage.
Advantageously, the transport capacity of described e Foerderanlage is adjustable, and making the mean residence time in the microalgae cell Guang district floor of described nutrient solution is 0.5 minute～10 minutes, 2 minutes～6 minutes, and preferably 3-5 minute.
Advantageously, the volume ratio of the nutrient solution in described smooth district floor and dark space floor is approximately 0.1-10, is preferably 0.2-5, more preferably 0.25-4
Embodiment according to a further aspect of the invention, provides a kind of method of cultivating for microalgae mass, comprises the steps: to form light district floor, and the nutrient solution in described smooth district floor can expose to sunlight to occur photosynthesis fully; Form dark space layer, described dark space floor is communicated with described smooth district layer fluid, and the degree of depth that the degree of depth of described dark space floor is greater than described smooth district floor can not be exposed to sunlight the nutrient solution in the floor of described dark space fully; And utilize e Foerderanlage to drive described nutrient solution to circulate between Ceng Heguang district, described dark space floor; Wherein, the mean residence time of the microalgae cell Guang district floor of described nutrient solution is 0.5-10 minute, is preferably 2-6 minute, more preferably 3-5 minute.
Advantageously, the optical path of propagating in described nutrient solution Guang district floor is 0.5 centimetre～6 centimetres.
Advantageously, the volume ratio of the nutrient solution in described smooth district floor and dark space floor is 0.1-10, is preferably 0.2-5, more preferably 0.25-4.
According to the apparatus and method of cultivating for microalgae mass described in above-mentioned various embodiment of the present invention, by raceway pond being divided into light district floor and dark space floor, and control the mean residence time of the microalgae cell Guang district floor of nutrient solution, prevent that cells of superficial layer is subject to the growth-inhibiting of high light intensity in the time that density is low on the one hand, make on the other hand a large amount of in raceway pond middle and lower part, the cell that can not fully accept illumination forces and the orderly light district floor that flow to carries out photosynthesis, thereby improved the optical energy utilization efficiency that micro-algae is cultivated.
Accompanying drawing explanation
For object of the present invention, feature and advantage can be become apparent more, below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic that shows a kind of device of cultivating for microalgae mass of the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the simple and easy cross-sectional view showing according to the device of cultivating for microalgae mass of the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the simple and easy cross-sectional view showing according to the device of cultivating for microalgae mass of the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the simple and easy cross-sectional view showing according to the device of cultivating for microalgae mass of the third exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the simple and easy cross-sectional view showing according to the device of cultivating for microalgae mass of the 4th kind of exemplary embodiment of the present invention; And
Fig. 6 is the simple and easy cross-sectional view showing according to the device of cultivating for microalgae mass of the 5th kind of exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Although fully describe the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawing that contains preferred embodiment of the present invention, should be appreciated that those of ordinary skill in the art can revise invention described herein, obtained technique effect of the present invention before this describe simultaneously.Therefore, must understand above description to those of ordinary skill in the art and Yan Weiyi discloses widely, and its content does not lie in restriction exemplary embodiment described in the invention.
The invention provides a kind of device of cultivating for microalgae mass, be applicable to the various micro-algaes of large scale culturing and other photosynthetic organism, comprise various micro-algaes such as spirulina, Haematocoocus Pluvialls, Dunaliella salina, chlorella, micro-plan ball algae (Nannochoropsis.sp), clothing bath.Referring to Fig. 2, according to the device 10 of cultivating for microalgae mass of the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention, comprise: one as the raceway pond 11 of cultivating unit, this cultivation unit comprises: light district floor 15, the liquid level 14 of the nutrient solution in described smooth district floor 15 is exposed under sunlight, can expose to sunlight fully to occur photosynthesis; Dark space layer 16, described dark space floor 16 is communicated with described smooth district floor 15 fluid, and the microalgae cell in the nutrient solution in described dark space layer 16 can not be exposed to sunlight fully; And e Foerderanlage 12, be configured to drive described nutrient solution to flow to light district floor 15 from described dark space floor 16; Wherein, the mean residence time of the microalgae cell Guang district floor 15 of described nutrient solution is 0.5-10 minute.
At this device 10 of cultivating for microalgae mass, the degree of depth of dark space floor 16 is greater than the degree of depth of light district floor 15, and described e Foerderanlage 12 is arranged in the layer of described dark space.Between Ceng16Yu Guang district, the dark space of raceway pond 11 floor 15, connect reflux 18, so that nutrient solution is under the driving of e Foerderanlage 12, flow to light district floor 15 according to the direction of arrow 17 indications from dark space floor 16, then be back to dark space layer 16 through reflux 18, circulate thereby realize.The optical path of propagating in the microalgae cell Guang district floor 15 of nutrient solution is 0.5 centimetre～6 centimetres.E Foerderanlage 12 can be for example liquor pump, water screw etc., and the transport capacity of e Foerderanlage 12 is adjustable, make mean residence time in the microalgae cell Guang district floor 15 of nutrient solution be preferably 0.5 minute～10 minutes, more preferably 2 minutes～6 minutes, more preferably 3-5 minute.The volume ratio of the nutrient solution in light district floor 15 and dark space floor 16 is approximately 0.1-10, is preferably 0.2-5, more preferably 0.25-4.
The following describes and utilize the device 10 of cultivating for microalgae mass with light district floor 15 and dark space floor 16 of the first embodiment to cultivate chlorella (Chlorella.sp) the first example.The dark space layer of circulation raceway pond (referring to Fig. 2) is a kind of liquid storage tank.The runner of raceway pond 11 is grown up and is about 8 meters, is roomyly about 0.5 meter, and light district floor 15 is the fixed sturcture being connected with dark space floor 16 one, the mean depth h of the nutrient solution in light district floor 15
1be approximately 5 centimetres, volume of culture in light district floor 15 is about 200 liters, in liquid storage tank, the volume of dark space layer 16 is approximately 1000 liters, therefore, the nutrient solution volume ratio of light district floor and dark space floor is about 0.2, drive nutrient solution to flow to light district floor 15 from dark space floor 16 by the liquor pump as drive unit 12, regulate the flow velocity of liquor pump, making respectively nutrient solution is 0.25 minute by the mean residence time of light district floor 15, 0.5 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes, 5 minutes, 6 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, then drive nutrient solution by reflux line 18 by drive unit, be back to dark space layer 16, realize the loop cycle in nutrient solution Guang district floor 15 and dark space floor 16.Nutrient solution can adopt BG11 substratum, and cell inoculum density is 0.05 grams per liter.In culture cycle, temperature on average and illumination condition are: in the time of 8:00, medial temperature is approximately 17 ℃, and intensity of illumination is approximately 700 μ mol/m2/s (micromole/square meter per second); In the time of 12:00, medial temperature is approximately 21 ℃, and intensity of illumination is approximately 1550 μ mol/m2/s (micromole/square meter per second); In the time of 17:00, medial temperature is approximately 15 ℃, and intensity of illumination is approximately 350 μ mol/m2/s.In the culturing process of nutrient solution, realize the supply of carbonic acid gas by carbon dioxide steel cylinder, supplement a small amount of water every day to make up the loss of water evaporation, the mean depth h of maintain liquid
1it is 5 centimetres.Cultured continuously 7 days, sampling and measuring.The output of the unit surface microalgae cell of measuring is as follows respectively:
7.9 grams/m/day (mean residence time of light district floor is 0.25 minute),
9.4 grams/m/day (mean residence time of light district floor is 0.5 minute),
13.9 grams/m/day (mean residence time of light district floor is 2 minutes),
15.6 grams/m/day (mean residence time of light district floor is 3 minutes),
15.1 grams/m/day (mean residence time of light district floor is 5 minutes),
14.6 grams/m/day (mean residence time of light district floor is 6 minutes),
9.7 grams/m/day (mean residence time of light district floor is 10 minutes),
8.2 grams/m/day (mean residence time of light district floor is 15 minutes), the conventional raceway pond of same period experiment the output of unit surface microalgae cell be 9.1 grams/m/day.
Measuring result shows that different Guang district floor mean residence time on the unit surface cell yield impact of micro-algae significantly, the mean residence time of light district floor 15 is within 0.5-10 minute, to be the region that produces effect, and the output of unit surface microalgae cell has improved 3%-7% than conventional raceway pond; Within 2-6 minute, be favored area, the output of unit surface microalgae cell has improved 53%-60% than conventional raceway pond; 3-5 minute is more excellent region, and the output of unit surface microalgae cell has improved 66%-71% than conventional raceway pond.
The second example that utilizes the device 10 of cultivating for microalgae mass with light district floor 15 and dark space floor 16 of the first embodiment to cultivate chlorella (Chlorella.sp) is described below.The dark space layer of circulation raceway pond (referring to Fig. 2) is a kind of liquid storage tank.The runner of raceway pond 11 is grown up and is about 8 meters, is roomyly about 0.5 meter, and light district floor 15 is the fixed sturcture being connected with dark space floor 16 one, the mean depth h of the nutrient solution in light district floor 15
1be approximately 5 centimetres, volume of culture in light district floor 15 is about 200 liters, the volume of adjusting respectively dark space layer 16 in liquid storage tank is respectively: 2500 liters, 2000 liters, 1000 liters, 800 liters, 50 liters, 40 liters, 20 liters, 17 liters, therefore, the nutrient solution volume ratio of light district floor and dark space floor is respectively 0.08, 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 4, 5, 10, 12, drive nutrient solution to flow to light district floor 15 from dark space floor 16 by the liquor pump as drive unit 12, it is 6 minutes by the mean residence time of light district floor 15 that the flow velocity of adjusting liquor pump makes nutrient solution, then pass through reflux line 18 by nutrient solution, be back to dark space layer 16, realize the loop cycle in nutrient solution Guang district floor 15 and dark space floor 16.Nutrient solution can adopt BG11 substratum, and cell inoculum density is 0.05g/L.In culture cycle, temperature on average and illumination condition are: in the time of 8:00, medial temperature is approximately 19 ℃, and intensity of illumination is approximately 770 μ mol/m2/s (micromole/square meter per second); In the time of 12:00, medial temperature is approximately 23 ℃, and intensity of illumination is approximately 1670 μ mol/m2/s (micromole/square meter per second); In the time of 17:00, medial temperature is approximately 17 ℃, and intensity of illumination is approximately 450 μ mol/m2/s.In the culturing process of nutrient solution, realize the supply of carbonic acid gas by carbon dioxide steel cylinder, supplement a small amount of water every day to make up the loss of water evaporation, the mean depth h of maintain liquid
1it is 5 centimetres.Cultured continuously 7 days, sampling and measuring.The output of the unit surface microalgae cell of measuring is as follows respectively:
8.2 grams/m/day (the nutrient solution volume ratio of light district floor and dark space floor is 0.08),
10.5 grams/m/day (the nutrient solution volume ratio of light district floor and dark space floor is 0.1),
14.1 grams/m/day (the nutrient solution volume ratio of light district floor and dark space floor is 0.2),
14.9 grams/m/day (the nutrient solution volume ratio of light district floor and dark space floor is 0.25),
15.8 grams/m/day (the nutrient solution volume ratio of light district floor and dark space floor is 4),
14.5 grams/m/day (the nutrient solution volume ratio of light district floor and dark space floor is 5),
10.1 grams/m/day (the nutrient solution volume ratio of light district floor and dark space floor is 10),
9.2 grams/m/day (the nutrient solution volume ratio of light district floor and dark space floor is 12), the output of the unit surface microalgae cell of the conventional raceway pond of the experiment same period is 9.7 grams/m/day.
Measuring result shows that the nutrient solution volume ratio of different Guang district's floor and dark space floor is remarkable on the unit surface cell yield impact of micro-algae, the nutrient solution volume ratio of light district floor and dark space floor is that 0.1-10 is the region that produces effect, and the output of unit surface microalgae cell has improved 4%-8% than conventional raceway pond; 0.2-5 is favored area, and the output of unit surface microalgae cell has improved 45%-49% than conventional raceway pond; 0.25-4 has improved 54%-63% than conventional raceway pond for more excellent region, the output of unit surface microalgae cell.
Referring to Fig. 3, according to the device 20 of cultivating for microalgae mass of the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention, comprising: multiple cultivations unit, for example, comprise that 2,3 are cultivated unit.Each cultivation unit comprises: light district floor 25, and the liquid level 24 of the nutrient solution in described smooth district floor 25 is exposed under sunlight, can expose to sunlight fully to occur photosynthesis; Dark space layer 26, described dark space floor 26 is communicated with described smooth district floor 25 fluid, and the microalgae cell in the nutrient solution in described dark space layer 26 can not be exposed to sunlight fully; And e Foerderanlage 22, be configured to drive described nutrient solution to flow to light district floor 25 from described dark space floor 26.
At this device 20 of cultivating for microalgae mass, the degree of depth of dark space floor 26 is greater than the degree of depth of light district floor 25, and described e Foerderanlage 22 is arranged in the layer of described dark space.In dark space layer 26, being provided with the dividing plate 29 extending from top to bottom, there is interval in the bottom of the lower end of dividing plate 29 and dark space layer 26.Like this, utilize dividing plate 29 that darker dark space layer 26 is divided into two portions, thereby two adjacent cultivation unit are separated, nutrient solution in Guang district, the cultivation unit floor of upper level is flow through from the bottom of cover plate 29, reduce the temperature of nutrient solution, thereby this nutrient solution is flow in Zhong Guang district, the cultivation unit floor of next stage with lower temperature.Although not shown, be appreciated that between up front one the dark space floor of cultivating unit and last cultivation Guang district, unit floor and be connected with reflux.Particularly, nutrient solution, under the driving of e Foerderanlage 22, flow to light district floor 25 according to the direction of arrow 27 indications from a dark space floor 26 that is positioned at the cultivation unit of upper level; Then flow to the dark space layer 26 of the cultivation unit of a next stage, in continuous cultivation unit, flow successively like this, and finally flow in Guang district, the cultivation unit floor of last step, then be back to the dark space layer of first step cultivation unit through reflux, circulate thereby realize.The nutrient solution mean depth h of the microalgae cell of nutrient solution in each smooth district floor 25
2it is 0.5 centimetre～6 centimetres.E Foerderanlage 22 can be for example liquor pump, water screw etc., and the transport capacity of e Foerderanlage 22 is adjustable, the mean residence time of the microalgae cell that makes nutrient solution in each smooth district floor 25 is 0.5 minute～10 minutes, preferably 2-6 minute, more preferably 3-5 minute.The volume ratio of the nutrient solution in light district floor 25 and dark space floor 26 is 0.1-10, is preferably 0.2-5, more preferably 0.25-4.
Fig. 4 is the simple and easy cross-sectional view showing according to the device 30 of cultivating for microalgae mass of the third exemplary embodiment of the present invention.The difference of the device 30 of cultivating for microalgae mass of the 3rd embodiment and the device 20 of cultivating for microalgae mass of the second embodiment is e Foerderanlage 32, and this e Foerderanlage 32 is a kind of gas distributors.This gas distributor drives nutrient solution to flow to light district floor from dark space floor by the mode that produces bubble.Other structure of device 30 of cultivating for microalgae mass or integral part for the 3rd embodiment are identical with the corresponding construction of the device 20 for microalgae mass cultivation of the second embodiment, and adopt identical Reference numeral, omit its detailed description at this.
Can utilize second and the device 20 and 30 of cultivating for microalgae mass of the 3rd embodiment cultivate scenedesmus obliquus (Scenedesmus obliqnus).At the device 20 and 30 of cultivating for microalgae mass shown in Fig. 3 and 4, the raceway pond of each cultivation unit is connected successively, and the raceway pond structure in single cultivation unit is: the runner of raceway pond is grown up and is about 10 meters, the roomy mean depth h that is about the nutrient solution in 1 meter, light district floor 25
2be 2 centimetres, the volume of culture of light district floor 25 is about 200 liters, and the volume of the dark space layer 26 in liquid storage tank is approximately 200L, and like this, the nutrient solution volume ratio of Zhong Guang district, each cultivation unit floor 25 and dark space floor 26 is about 1.In the dark space of liquid storage tank layer 26, liquor pump is installed and/or is gas distributor, drive nutrient solution to flow by pumping or gas lift mode.Regulate the flow of liquor pump or the air flow of gas distributor, making nutrient solution is 5min by the mean time of the circulation raceway pond Guang district floor 25 in single cultivation unit.Nutrient solution, through dividing plate 29 water conservancy diversion, enters Guang district, the cultivation unit floor 25 of adjacent next stage by dark space floor 26.Second can be connected ten single cultivation unit with the device 20 and 30 of cultivating for microalgae mass of the 3rd embodiment, wherein 8 is liquor pump driving, 2 drive for gas lift mode, the closed circulation of final formation, can be understood as nutrient solution in a loop cycle of whole culture system, experienced ten single Ceng26Zhi Guang district, dark space floor 25 flow, the volume ratio of the nutrient solution of Guang district, each cultivation unit floor 25 and dark space floor 26 is 2, by the mean time of light district floor be 5min.In culturing process, nutrient solution is common BG11 substratum, and cell inoculum density is 0.5 grams per liter, supplements common BG11 substratum every day to make up the loss of water evaporation, the mean depth h of maintain Ye Guang district floor
2be 2 centimetres, carbonic acid gas and air mixed (2%v/v (volume ratio)) are passed into the gas distributor in the dark space layer that adopts gas lift type of drive, when gas lift drives, realize the supply of carbonic acid gas.In culture cycle, temperature on average and illumination condition are: when 8:00, medial temperature is approximately 24 ℃, and intensity of illumination is approximately 800 μ mol/m2/s (micromole/square meter per second); When 12:00, medial temperature is approximately 27 ℃, and intensity of illumination is approximately 1800 μ mol/m2/s; 17:00, medial temperature is approximately 23 ℃, and intensity of illumination is approximately 350 μ mol/m2/s.Cultured continuously 5 days, sampling and measuring, unit surface frustule output can reach 20.1 grams/m/day, and than the same period, the output (14.7 grams/m/day) of unit surface frustule of conventional raceway pond has improved 37%.
Referring to Fig. 5, according to the device 40 of cultivating for microalgae mass of the 4th kind of exemplary embodiment of the present invention, comprise: one as the raceway pond 41 of cultivating unit, this cultivation unit comprises: light district floor 45, and the nutrient solution in described smooth district floor 45 can expose to sunlight to occur photosynthesis fully; Dark space layer 46, described dark space floor 46 is communicated with described smooth district floor 45 fluid, and the microalgae cell in the nutrient solution in described dark space layer 46 can not be exposed to sunlight fully; And e Foerderanlage, be configured to drive described nutrient solution to flow to light district floor 45 from described dark space floor 46; Wherein, the mean residence time of the microalgae cell Guang district floor 45 of described nutrient solution is 0.5-10 minute, is preferably 2-6 minute, more preferably 3-5 minute.
In the cultivation unit of this device 40 of cultivating for microalgae mass, light district floor 45 is closing bags of being made up of transparent material, dark space layer 46 is the raceway pond that is placed on the sealing of sealing bag bottom, light district floor 45 and dark space floor 46 are communicated with by least two communicating passage 48 fluids, described e Foerderanlage (not shown) is arranged in one of them communicating passage 48, thereby realizes circulating of nutrient solution.
Fig. 6 is the simple and easy cross-sectional view showing according to the device 50 of cultivating for microalgae mass of the 5th kind of exemplary embodiment of the present invention.The difference of the device 50 of cultivating for microalgae mass of the 5th embodiment and the device 40 of cultivating for microalgae mass of the 4th embodiment is dark space layer 56, this dark space layer 56 is a kind of closing bags of being made up of opaque material, and the surface of an approximate horizontal is formed at the bottom of sealing bag.Like this, can, using the whole device 50 of cultivating for microalgae mass as cursory thing, float on flood body plane 53 (as lake, ocean etc.) upper, for large-scale production and cultivation.Other structure of device 50 of cultivating for microalgae mass or integral part for the 5th embodiment are identical with the corresponding construction of the device 40 for microalgae mass cultivation of the 4th embodiment, and adopt identical Reference numeral, omit its detailed description at this.
Can utilize the device of cultivating for microalgae mass with light district floor 45 and dark space floor 46,56 40 and 50 of the 4th and the 5th embodiment to cultivate Haematocoocus Pluvialls (Haematococcus pluvialis) production astaxanthin.At the device 40 and 50 of cultivating for microalgae mass shown in Fig. 5 and 6, cultivate Guang district, unit floor 45 and formed by transparent thin layer plastics bag.Be positioned at growing up and be about 3.2 meters as the raceway pond of dark space floor 46,56 and the runner of plastics bag of floor 45 bottom, light district, be roomyly about 0.6 meter, the mean depth of nutrient solution is approximately 15 centimetres, and cumulative volume is 288 liters.Length as the thin layer plastics bag of light district floor 45 is approximately 3 meters, is roomyly about 0.5 meter, and thickness is approximately 6 centimetres, and cumulative volume is about 90 liters, and therefore, the nutrient solution volume ratio in light district floor 45 and dark space floor 46,56 is about 0.31.Two ends as the thin layer plastics bag of light district floor 45 have respectively inlet channel and the outlet conduit as communication apparatus 48 respectively, and wherein inlet channel is connected with the liquor pump (not shown) as e Foerderanlage.The driving that nutrient solution cycles through liquor pump realizes, regulate the flow velocity of liquor pump, so that flow into the thin layer plastics bag as light district floor 45 by inlet channel from dark space floor 46 or 56, nutrient solution is by being approximately 6 minutes the mean time of thin layer plastics bag, then be back to dark space layer 46 or 56 by outlet conduit, realized the loop cycle of nutrient solution.
In culturing process, nutrient solution is common BG11 substratum (NaNO3 concentration is 0.3 grams per liter), and cell inoculum density is 0.2 grams per liter, realizes the supply of carbonic acid gas by carbon dioxide steel cylinder.Cultured continuously 15 days, the height that in cultivation, the loss (without moisturizing) of water evaporation causes cultivating liquid level drops to 9 centimetres from originally 15 centimetres, and the nutrient solution volume ratio of light district floor 45 and dark space floor 46,56 becomes 0.52 left and right from 0.31 left and right originally.Initial stage of culture haematococcus pluvialis cell is the type cell that moves about, top has two flagellums equal in length to drive cell to move about, cultivate after 15 days, sampling and measuring, frustule concentration is 1.37 grams per liters, the type that the moves about cell transformation Cheng Fei type sporocyst cell that moves about, cell volume increases, and cell walls thickens, and is enclosed with Mierocrystalline cellulose outer wall, accumulate a large amount of astaxanthin of class, measurement can reach dry cell weight 2%～3% simultaneously.
According to the embodiment of further aspect of the present invention, a kind of method of cultivating for microalgae mass is provided, comprise the steps: to form light district floor, the nutrient solution in described smooth district floor can expose to sunlight to occur photosynthesis fully; Form dark space layer, described dark space floor is communicated with described smooth district layer fluid, and the degree of depth that the degree of depth of described dark space floor is greater than described smooth district floor can not be exposed to sunlight the nutrient solution in the floor of described dark space fully; And utilize e Foerderanlage to drive described nutrient solution to circulate between Ceng Heguang district, described dark space floor; Wherein, the mean residence time of the microalgae cell Guang district floor of described nutrient solution is 0.5-10 minute, preferably 2-6 minute, more preferably 3-5 minute.Further, the optical path of propagating in nutrient solution Guang district floor is 0.5 centimetre～6 centimetres; The volume ratio of the nutrient solution in light district floor and dark space floor is 0.1-10, is preferably 0.2-5, more preferably 0.25-4.
According to the apparatus and method of cultivating for microalgae mass of above-mentioned various embodiment of the present invention, utilize the flowing property of micro algae culturing liquid, realize periodically circulation between microalgae cell Guang district's floor and dark space floor, prevent that cells of superficial layer is subject to the growth-inhibiting of high light intensity in the time that density is low on the one hand, make on the other hand a large amount of in raceway pond middle and lower part, the cell that can not fully accept illumination forces and the orderly light district floor that flow to carries out photosynthesis, thereby improved the optical energy utilization efficiency that micro-algae is cultivated.
Further, the device of cultivating for microalgae mass of the present invention can form different structures for different natural lighting conditions, realize light district layer by layer with the adjusting of dark space floor different ratios, thereby realize the efficient utilization of luminous energy.By to for example adjusting of whipping appts, liquor pump or other e Foerderanlage, can control the speed circulating between nutrient solution Guang district's floor and dark space floor.In addition, by the illumination condition for different, regulate the loop cycle of suitable Guang district floor/dark space floor.Accumulate the demand difference to illumination condition for different micro-algae strains and different target meta-bolites inductions, and pass through the loop cycle of floor/dark space, the ratio He Guang district floor that regulates suitable Guang district floor/dark space floor, the induction that realizes optimization cultivation and target meta-bolites accumulates.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, embodiment described above is exemplary, and those skilled in the art can make improvements, structure described in various embodiment can be carried out independent assortment in the case of the conflict aspect not recurring structure or principle, thereby solving on the basis of technical problem of the present invention, realizing more kinds of devices of cultivating for microalgae mass.
After describing preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail; those skilled in the art can clearly understand; can carry out various variations and change not departing under the protection domain of the claim of enclosing and spirit, and the present invention is not also limited to the embodiment of examples cited embodiment in specification sheets.
Claims (13)
1. a device of cultivating for microalgae mass, comprising:
At least one cultivates unit, and each cultivation unit comprises:
Light district floor, the microalgae cell in the nutrient solution in described smooth district floor can expose to sunlight to occur photosynthesis fully;
Dark space layer, described dark space floor is communicated with described smooth district layer fluid, and the microalgae cell in the nutrient solution in the layer of described dark space can not be exposed to sunlight fully; And
E Foerderanlage, is configured to drive described nutrient solution to flow to light district floor from described dark space floor;
Wherein, the mean residence time of the microalgae cell Guang district floor of described nutrient solution is 0.5-10 minute.
2. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the degree of depth of described dark space floor is greater than the degree of depth of described smooth district floor, and described e Foerderanlage is arranged in the layer of described dark space.
3. device as claimed in claim 2, wherein, is provided with the dividing plate extending from top to bottom in the layer of described dark space, the bottom of the lower end of described dividing plate and dark space layer exists interval.
4. the device as described in any one in claim 1-3, further comprise reflux, described reflux is connected between the dark space floor and last cultivation Guang district, unit floor of a top cultivation unit, circulates so that described nutrient solution is realized.
5. the device as described in any one in claim 1-4, wherein, the mean residence time in the microalgae cell Guang district floor of described nutrient solution is preferably 2-6 minute, more preferably 3-5 minute.
6. the device as described in any one in claim 1-5, wherein, the optical path of propagating in described nutrient solution Guang district floor is 0.5 centimetre～6 centimetres.
7. the device as described in any one in claim 1-7, wherein, the volume ratio of the nutrient solution in described smooth district floor and dark space floor is 0.1-10, is preferably 0.2-5, more preferably 0.25-4.
8. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, comprise that is cultivated a unit, in described cultivation unit, described smooth district floor is the closing bag of being made up of transparent material, described dark space layer is to be placed on the raceway pond of sealing of described sealing bag bottom or the closing bag of being made up of opaque material, and described smooth district floor and described dark space floor are communicated with by least two communicating passage fluids, and described e Foerderanlage is arranged in one of them communicating passage.
9. device as claimed in claim 8, wherein, the transport capacity of described e Foerderanlage is adjustable, making the mean residence time in the microalgae cell Guang district floor of described nutrient solution is 0.5 minute～10 minutes, 2 minutes～6 minutes, preferably 3-5 minute.
10. the device as described in any one in claim 8-10, wherein, the volume ratio of the nutrient solution in described smooth district floor and dark space floor is approximately 0.1-10, is preferably 0.2-5, more preferably 0.25-4.
11. 1 kinds of methods of cultivating for microalgae mass, comprise the steps:
Form light district floor, the nutrient solution in described smooth district floor can expose to sunlight to occur photosynthesis fully;
Form dark space layer, described dark space floor is communicated with described smooth district layer fluid, and the degree of depth that the degree of depth of described dark space floor is greater than described smooth district floor can not be exposed to sunlight the nutrient solution in the floor of described dark space fully; And
Utilize e Foerderanlage to drive described nutrient solution to circulate between Ceng Heguang district, described dark space floor; Wherein, the mean residence time of the microalgae cell Guang district floor of described nutrient solution is 0.5-10 minute, is preferably 2-6 minute, more preferably 3-5 minute.
12. methods as claimed in claim 11, wherein, the optical path of propagating in described nutrient solution Guang district floor is 0.5 centimetre～6 centimetres.
13. methods as described in claim 11 or 12, wherein, the volume ratio of the nutrient solution in described smooth district floor and dark space floor is 0.1-10, is preferably 0.2-5, more preferably 0.25-4.
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