CN101659922A - Closed raceway pond microalgae culture system - Google Patents
Closed raceway pond microalgae culture system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a closed raceway pond microalgae culture system, which consists of a carbon supply area, a culture area and an oxygen removal area and is closed by adopting an anti-fog film anda water seal mode. The bottom part of the culture area is provided with a heat exchange pipeline; the head space of the culture area is provided with a circulating ventilation system; and an online monitoring device for physiological, biochemical and nutrient elements is arranged in the culture area to realize the online monitoring and control for microalgae culture. The carbon supply area is provided with an enhanced carbon dioxide carbon supply device and an algae fluid circulating stirring device. The oxygen removal area has the functions of oxygen removal and a nutrient element charging pond, and the bottom of the oxygen removal area is provided with an air-blowing oxygen removal system. The carbon supply area and the culture area are communicated with each other; the oxygen removal area is closed singly; and culture fluid is communicated with the carbon supply area and the culture area through a downtank. The culture system has the advantages of less investment, easily amplifiedscale, good carbon supply effect, small biological pollution and the like, and can be used for sewage treatment, carbon dioxide gathering and residual heat utilization, thereby having remarkable economic benefit and excellent environmental benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of microalgae culture system, specifically, relate to a kind of closed raceway pond microalgae culture system.
Background technology
Utilizing biomass energy is one of main path of alleviating current energy dilemma and problem of environmental pollution as the energy.Little algae can utilize sun power and water, absorbing carbon dioxide (CO
2), by photosynthesis, multiple biomass such as Synthetic Oil, starch, glucide, Mierocrystalline cellulose, and also the micro algae growth cycle is short, and biomass accumulation is far longer than terrestrial plant.Therefore, become a focus of current biomass energy research about the research of little algae.But how to cultivate little algae, improve micro algae biomass throughput and become the difficult point that current little algae utilizes research.
Existing little algae is cultivated and mainly carries out in bioreactor, has succeeded in developing bioreactor of a great variety, that structure is different so far, and broad varietys such as open pond formula, horizontal tubular, vertical tubular, flexible bag-like are arranged.Representational two classes that mainly contain, i.e. runway pond formula and closed photo bioreactor.Runway pond formula cultivate be suitable for can open culture little algae, facility investment is lower, and can keep certain output in big area is produced, and is a large amount of generally culture systems of employing of little algae institute of cultivating of present commercial size.But this training method is directly exposed in the air algae liquid, and is big with the air contact area, polluted by other biological, and algae liquid temp fluctuation is big, be difficult to realize good benefit carbon effect, and the influence of weather conditions such as rained is big.And closed photo bioreactor can be used for the cultivation of most of little algaes, is easy to control culture condition and growth parameter(s), and it is effective to mend carbon, CO
2The utilising efficiency height, micro algae growth speed is fast, the culture density height.Level circle round cast and vertical cast are wherein more typically arranged, be applicable to unsuitable open culture or the higher algae of economic worth, can prevent to pollute, keep single plant cultivation, the strict control of operation process energy, the higher efficiency of light energy utilization be arranged, thereby can obtain higher biological density and output.But its cultivation scale should not be amplified, and the equipment cost height, and investment is big.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of closed raceway pond microalgae culture system, to overcome the defective that exists in the background technology.
For achieving the above object, closed raceway pond microalgae culture system provided by the invention comprises being used to reduce that the deoxygenation district of nutrient solution oxygen concentration formed follows cyclic runway pond by at least two cultivation regions that are used for cultivating little algae, benefit carbon district that at least one is used for capturing carbon dioxide gas and at least one; Wherein:
One end of cultivation region links to each other with benefit carbon district, the other end links to each other with the deoxygenation district, link to each other with cultivation region with the deoxygenation district the other end separately and mend the carbon district, guaranteed that cultivation region, deoxygenation district and the algae liquid of mending in the carbon district are interconnected in three parts of runway pond culture systems.This external cultivation region and the interface portion of mending the carbon district have been installed the mixed stirring device that has the web wheel, and this device can guarantee that on the one hand algae liquid is mobile at the cultivation pool internal recycle, on the other hand can thorough mixing algae liquid, make CO
2Dissolving in algae liquid is more abundant, and the 3rd, guarantee not aggregate and precipitate of little algae, little phycobiont evenly is suspended in the algae liquid.
The present invention is in order to give the well-off CO of little algae of cultivation region
2, can increase the quantity of mending the carbon district according to practical situation, concrete quantity is according to the CO that measures
2Whether satisfy little algae optimum growh speed and determine, if CO
2Concentration is higher can to satisfy little algae needs of growth fast, does not need to increase the quantity of mending the carbon district, otherwise needs increase to mend carbon district quantity.
Carry out along with little algae is photosynthetic, can in algae liquid, accumulate O
2, under the effect of Feedback mechanism, little algae photosynthetic rate reduces, and then the growth of little algae is affected.The number needs in deoxygenation district is that principle is provided with according to oxygen concentration in the algae liquid not suppress micro algae growth speed.
O in the micro algae culturing liquid
2Thereby concentration raises and suppresses micro algae growth, and the present invention is provided with the air-blowing device in the bottom in deoxygenation district, carries uncontaminated air in the algae liquid in the deoxygenation district, by the oxygen concentration in the aeration effect reduction algae liquid, eliminates the oxygen quenching phenomenon.
Another characteristics of the present invention are closed systems.Adopt the mode of sealed cistern, carry out cultivation region, benefit carbon district and deoxygenation district totally-enclosed.Tightness system is a groove shape structure, is positioned at runway pool side edge, and the water sealed tank outside is lower than the inboard.Spatially, the sealed cistern in cultivation region and benefit carbon district is the integral body that links up, and the sealed cistern in deoxygenation district is the tightness system that is independent of cultivation region and mends the carbon district.
The gas phase of the present invention on cultivation region top partly is provided with at least one cyclical breathing pipeline, one end of this cyclical breathing pipeline is communicated with outside air regenerating device by the Sterile Filtration device, with regular displacement cultivation region upper gas, the gas of avoiding producing in the micro algae growth process is (as H
2S, NH
3Deng) accumulation.
In order to guarantee the CO of sufficient supplies micro algae growth demand
2, the present invention is provided with CO in the bottom of mending the carbon district
2Quick-fried device of air is according to the CO in the constantly additional algae liquid of the actual growing state of little algae
2Simultaneously in order to guarantee CO
2Fully be dissolved in the algae liquid, adopted the structure of iris type in benefit carbon district.The bottom of mending in the carbon district is provided with several lower clapboards, is provided with upper spacer between the lower clapboard, and the staggered up and down opening of adjacent upper spacer and lower clapboard makes algae liquid be serpentine flow and crosses benefit carbon district; The top of each upper spacer is the one sealing, has strengthened CO
2Dissolved efficiency.
The algae liquid temp is one of important environmental factor that influences micro algae growth, in order to reduce the dependency of little algae cultivation to envrionment temperature, the present invention has set heat exchanging pipe in the bottom of cultivation region, so that when summer, the algae liquid temp was higher, use water coolant that algae liquid is lowered the temperature, and when winter, the algae liquid temp was low, use to add hot water algae liquid is heated.
For the physiological status of the little algae of detection and the composition variation of algae liquid in real time, the present invention is provided with a sampling line at least at cultivation region, and an end of this sampling line is not among algae liquid, and the other end extends outside the enclosed space.Except the detection of taking a sample, also set a large amount of on-line monitoring transmitters, comprise pH meter, temperature sensor, photon transmitter, biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (COD) transmitter, nitrogen and phosphorus transmitter, these transmitters are connected with the operating device of outside by the sensor passage that is provided with, and the installation of the sensor has guaranteed the changing conditions of some important parameters of little algae of real-time monitoring and algae liquid.
The present invention combines the advantage separately of the two kinds of training methods in known closed and open runway pond, has the advantages that biological pollution is little, the cultivation scale is easily amplified, cost is low.Simultaneously in this system, increased CO
2Air admission system and heat exchange system, this is the CO of dischargings such as waste heat of plant utilization and power station, steelworks
2Provide a good energy to reduce discharging mode, this system can be used for waste water control simultaneously, has good society and environmental benefit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 has shown the expansion side-view of closed raceway pond microalgae culture apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the cultivation region schematic side view.
Fig. 3 is the cultivation region schematic top plan view.
Fig. 4 mends carbon district schematic side view.
Fig. 5 mends carbon district schematic top plan view.
Fig. 6 is a deoxygenation district schematic side view.
Fig. 7 is a deoxygenation district schematic top plan view.
Fig. 8 is the synoptic diagram of the closed raceway pond microalgae culture apparatus of embodiment 1.
Fig. 9 is the synoptic diagram of the closed raceway pond microalgae culture apparatus of embodiment 2.
Major portion conventional letter in the accompanying drawing
1. cultivation region; 2. mend the carbon district; 3. deoxygenation district; 4. water sealed tank; 5. sealed cistern water vent; 6. circulation agitator; 7. transparent sealed cover; 8. seal closure support; 9. briquetting; 10. heat exchanging pipe; 11.CO
2The quick-fried device of air of gas micropore; 12. air-blowing device; 13. sampling passage; 14. sensor passage; 15. circulation gas channel; 16. algae liquid; 17. cleaning opening; 18a. lower clapboard; 18b: upper spacer; 18c. dividing plate opening.
Embodiment
See also Fig. 1, the expansion side-view of closed raceway pond microalgae culture system of the present invention.The present invention includes little algae cultivation region 1, CO
2Oxygen (O in the benefit carbon district 2 of gas trapping, the reduction nutrient solution
2) deoxygenation district 3, tightness system, the heat exchange series of the concentration various on-line monitoring transmitters of unifying form.
The structure of cultivation region 1 is referring to Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, and its degree of depth is generally 15cm～50cm, and the degree of depth of algae liquid 16 is generally 10cm～30cm, is the main region of micro algae growth breeding.
Because cultivation region is the main growth place of little algae, so the present invention is provided with one group of photon transmitter on the algae liquid bottom and the algae liquid surface of cultivation region, with real-time monitoring intensity of illumination.The photon transmitter can be the total radiation transmitter, also can be the photosynthetically active radiation transmitter.On algae liquid surface the light intensity that the photon transmitter can be monitored algae liquid surface in real time is set, if light intensity too by force then can reduce light intensity by shading screen is set, avoids little algae suppressed by light, even photo damage.In algae liquid bottom the photon transmitter is set, has two kinds of functions, first, whether monitoring bottom light intensity is the optimum growh light intensity of little algae, if light intensity is too strong, then needs the processing of shading of algae liquid, if too, and the light intensity of top photon transmitter is stronger, illustrates that algae liquid is too thick; The second, can roughly estimate algae liquid frustule concentration according to the measurement difference of top photon transmitter and bottom photon transmitter.
Temperature is one of important environmental factor that influences micro algae growth, in the bottom of cultivation region of the present invention heat exchanging pipe 10 has been installed, and this pipeline can utilize waste heat of plant that algae liquid is heated, and perhaps lowers the temperature by external water circulation.In order to monitor the temperature variation of algae liquid in real time, line temperature sensor has been installed in cultivation region.By the measurement of temperature sensor and the adjusting of heat exchange system, the temperature of algae liquid can be controlled at the optimum growth temp of little algae.
Micro algae growth need be within the certain pH value scope, and because the present invention has increased carbonic acid gas (CO
2) air admission system, therefore needing the strict pH value of controlling algae liquid, the control of pH value need be determined according to the algae kind.By being installed, online pH meter can monitor the pH value variation of whole algae liquid in real time in cultivation region, therefore, and also can be by regulating CO
2Feeding amount or other means pH value of regulating algae liquid.
Another the important physiological factor that influences micro algae growth is a nutritive element, and the present invention is provided with sample sampling line 13 at cultivation region, so that the nutritional status of sampling monitoring algae liquid at any time.Also be provided with at cultivation region simultaneously the sensor passage 14 of transmitter separately is installed.Directly buy from the market as for photon transmitter, temperature sensor, pH meter, BOD transmitter, COD transmitter, nitrogen and phosphorus transmitter that the present invention adopts, the concrete installation operated (this belongs to known technology) according to manufacturer's operation instruction.For toxic and harmful or the excessive oxygen of avoiding producing in little algae culturing process accumulates on cultivation region top, be provided with circulation gas channel 15 at cultivation region, be used for regularly replacing the cultivation region upper gas.Owing to marked circulation gas channel 15 in the accompanying drawing, therefore need in embodiment, be described circulation gas channel 15, again since circulation gas channel 15 be mounted in the cultivation region, so that I individual feels to replenish the paragraph of introducing cultivation region is better.You also can be supplemented to other place according to the understanding of oneself
The structure of mending carbon district 2 sees also Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, mainly is to be used for replenishing CO to algae liquid
2Gas.In order to make CO
2Gas fully is dissolved among the algae liquid, and this general degree of depth in benefit carbon district is at least 1m, the darkest 3m that is no more than.Mend the carbon district and adopt the diaphragm structure (see figure 3), the bottom in whole benefit carbon district is provided with several lower clapboards 18a, is provided with a upper spacer 18b between per two lower clapboard 18a, and the top of each upper spacer is the one sealing.Adjacent upper spacer 18b and lower clapboard 18a be for staggered up and down, on top or the bottom all leave staggered opening 18c, make algae liquid be serpentine flow and cross whole benefit carbon district.The unit that separates of mending the front-end and back-end in carbon district is communicated with cultivation region, in the unit bottom that each dividing plate separates CO is installed
2The quick-fried device of air 11 of gas micropore, this device can with the CO of power station or steelworks
2Exhaust system is connected.In addition, for the convenience that cleans, a sealable cleaning opening 17 is set at the top, unit that each separates.
Little algae is carrying out the photosynthetic while, can discharge oxygen (O in a large number
2), if O in algae liquid or the algae liquid upper air
2Excessive concentration then can suppress micro algae growth.In order to monitor airborne O in algae liquid and the closed system in real time
2Concentration is provided with liquid and gas oxygen electrode (employing be known equipment and known technology) respectively in algae liquid and air.After cultivation region, be provided with simultaneously deoxygenation district 3 (its structure sees also Fig. 6 and Fig. 7), this deoxygenation district adopts sealing separately, algae liquid is communicated with cultivation region by the bottom down tank, guarantee that whole algae liquid can circulate, the bottom is provided with air-blowing device 12, be used for carrying uncontaminated air,, eliminate the oxygen quenching phenomenon by the dissolved oxygen concentration in the aeration effect reduction algae liquid to algae liquid.Simultaneously circulation gas channel 15 being set, as the outlet of input air except that supporting the district.
Cultivation region, benefit carbon district and inside, deoxygenation district are " recessed " type groove structure, no diaphragm structure in cultivation region and deoxygenation district " recessed " the type groove, and mending in carbon district " recessed " the type groove has diaphragm structure.The degree of depth of mending the carbon district is the darkest, be deoxygenation district and cultivation region successively subsequently.The upper spacer height of mending two ends, carbon district guarantees little algae under the resistance of upper spacer than the liquid level height in the cultivation region, upwards is serpentine flow downwards downwards, upwards,, again through mending the carbon district.Benefit carbon district liquid outlet one side is provided with and mixes moving device (known equipment and known technology), drives algae liquid and flows.Mend both sides, carbon district and directly be communicated with cultivation region algae liquid, the deoxygenation district separates with sealed groove of cultivation region connecting portion algae liquid and extension, its underpart, guarantees that algae liquid floods the sealing groove bottom, and bottom algae liquid interconnects.All there is sealing groove in whole zone, deoxygenation district, and this part is sealed the deoxygenation district separately.
Closed raceway pond microalgae culture system of the present invention edge is the water sealed tank 4 of a ring type, the width of water sealed tank 4 is 40cm～60cm, outer ledge is about 10cm～20cm, but guarantees that always outer ledge than more than the low 10cm in inside edge, can effectively drain the rainwater of accumulation.When the edge of transparent sealed cover 7 being placed in this water sealed tank 4, push down the sealing membrane edge with briquetting 9 or other article (sandbag), and in water sealed tank 4, be full of water, so just can guarantee that inside, runway pond is in sealed state.Several closed sealing water sealed tank water vents 5 are set in water sealed tank 4, during with convenient the cleaning the water emptying in the water sealed tank.
In order to guarantee that water vapour can not accumulate on the transparent sealed cover, the present invention adopts transparent antifogging film, and the edge of antifogging film is embedded in the water sealed tank 4, and top, runway pond is provided with support 8, is used to support antifogging film 7.The material of this antifogging film can be polyester (PET) material or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material, and thickness is 0.02mm～0.8mm.If in summer, can be changed to the antifogging film of transmission 400nm～700nm, be unlikely to the too high inhibition micro algae growth of algae liquid temp.
For the algae liquid that promotes in the whole runway pond flows, a circulation agitator 6 is set at cultivation region and benefit carbon district interface portion.This recirculation unit 6 adopts motor drives web wheel to stir, and the height of web wheel is identical with algae liquid thickness, about 30cm, and web wheel width is about 3/4 of cultivation region width.The two ends of this device are fixed on the two side of cultivation region, and web wheel central shaft and cultivation region bottom are at same sea line.Be used for driving algae liquid circulating in the runway pond, another function is fully to stir algae liquid, and little algae is evenly suspended in algae liquid.
The present invention can be used for sewage disposal, therefore need to detect the variation of water quality, BOD, COD, total nitrogen, ammonia-state nitrogen, nitric nitrogen and total phosphorus are as topmost index, by in algae liquid, increasing BOD transmitter, nitrogen and phosphorus on-line sensor (known technology, be not described in detail), monitor the disposition of sewage in real time.The present invention simultaneously both can be used for the CO that little algae catches power station or steelworks discharging
2, little algae that can be used for having good health care again, medical applications is worth or the little algae of the energy are cultivated.
The present invention can be used to cultivate little algae, comprises little algaes such as spirulina, anabena, Dunaliella salina, chlamydomonas, haematococcus pulvialis, chlorella, grid algae, Chaetoceros, brown branch algae, Skeletonema Greville, rhombus algae, Porphyridium cruentum and Rhodella reticulata.
Cultivation region of the present invention, benefit carbon district and deoxygenation district can carry out the variation combination of various ways according to specific circumstances, for example, when the length of cultivation region is longer, (promptly the two ends in this benefit carbon district all connect cultivation region can to increase one or several benefit carbon district in cultivating section separately, and be not connected with the deoxygenation district), be used for replenishing CO to algae liquid
2Gas.
According to closed raceway pond microalgae culture system of the present invention is the culture systems (see figure 8) in ring type runway pond.Cultivation region 1, benefit carbon district 2 and deoxygenation district 3 form a ring type runway, and the length of above-mentioned integral part and width can be set according to practical situation.It is totally-enclosed that cultivation region 1 and benefit carbon district 3 use seal water systems and antifogging film to carry out, and deoxygenation district 3 seals separately.Recirculation unit 7 is positioned at the connection portion of mending carbon district and cultivation region, and cultivation region 1 and deoxygenation district 3 upper gas all are connected with outside filtration sterilization cyclical breathing system by pipeline.At cultivation region 1 and benefit carbon district 2 a sampling passage is set respectively, on-line pH value transmitter, temperature sensor, photon transmitter, N and monitoring equipments such as P transmitter, BOD transmitter, gas phase and liquid phase oxygen electrode are installed in cultivation region 1.This system can be used for large-scale little algae cultivation, sewage disposal and CO
2Capture.
Closed raceway pond microalgae culture system of the present invention can be combined into complicated more culture systems (see figure 9) as the case may be.This device can be made up of a plurality of cultivation regions 1, benefit carbon district 2 and deoxygenation district 3, and concrete quantity can be provided with according to the actual needs.Cultivation region 1 and benefit carbon district use seal water system to seal, and deoxygenation district 3 seals separately.Because therefore the runway lengthening, has increased CO
2Utilising efficiency, but need to increase algae liquid recirculation unit simultaneously.Cultivation region and deoxygenation district upper gas all are connected with outside filtration sterilization cyclical breathing system by pipeline, have guaranteed that upper gas can carry out recycling replacing at any time.At cultivation region 1 and benefit carbon district 2 the sampling passage is set, on-line pH value transmitter, temperature sensor, photon transmitter, N and monitoring equipments such as P transmitter, BOD transmitter, gas phase and liquid phase oxygen electrode are installed in cultivation region 1.Because cultivation region 1 runway lengthening can increase the quantity of various number of sensors and sampling passage according to actual needs, change so that monitor the various Physiology and biochemistries of little algae at any time.This system also can be used for disposing of sewage on a large scale, capturing CO
2With the little algae of cultivation.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of closed raceway pond microalgae culture system comprises by at least two cultivation regions that are used for cultivating little algae, benefit carbon district that at least one is used for capturing carbon dioxide gas and at least one being used to reduce the circulation shape runway pond that the deoxygenation district of nutrient solution oxygen concentration is formed; Wherein:
Runway pool side edge is the water sealed tank of groove shape structure, and the water sealed tank outside is lower than the inboard;
Cultivation region in the runway pond and top, benefit carbon district are provided with transparent sealed cover, form cultivation region and the coherent enclosed space of mending the carbon district;
One end of cultivation region links to each other with benefit carbon district, and the other end links to each other with the deoxygenation district, mends the carbon district and links to each other with cultivation region again with the deoxygenation district the other end separately;
Mend between carbon district and the cultivation region and be provided with the circulation agitator, flow with the algae liquid that promotes in the runway pond;
The bottom of cultivation region is provided with heat exchanging pipe, cultivation region is heated or lower the temperature; Be provided with the cyclical breathing pipeline in the enclosed space above cultivation region and between the demister screen, an end of this cyclical breathing pipeline is communicated with outside air regenerating device by the Sterile Filtration device;
Be provided with at least one sampling line in the cultivation region, an end of this sampling line extends outside the enclosed space;
The bottom of mending the carbon district is provided with the carbonic acid gas aerating apparatus, replenishes carbonic acid gas with the algae liquid in mending the carbon district;
The bottom of mending in the carbon district is provided with several lower clapboards, and lower clapboard is provided with upper spacer between the interval, and the staggered up and down opening of adjacent upper spacer and lower clapboard makes algae liquid be serpentine flow and crosses benefit carbon district;
The top in deoxygenation district is provided with transparent sealed cover, forms relative cultivation region and mends independently enclosed space of carbon district, is provided with the cyclical breathing pipeline in the enclosed space, and an end of this cyclical breathing pipeline is communicated with outside air regenerating device by the Sterile Filtration device; The bottom in deoxygenation district is provided with except that the oxygen aerated conduit, to replenish uncontaminated air in the algae liquid in the deoxygenation district, reduces the oxygen concentration in the algae liquid; Two ends, deoxygenation district link to each other with cultivation region by down tank.
2, closed raceway pond microalgae culture system according to claim 1, wherein, the benefit carbon district that is provided with individually in the cultivation region.
3, closed raceway pond microalgae culture system according to claim 1, wherein, the algae liquid of cultivation region surface and bottom are provided with the photon transmitter, monitor intensity of illumination in real time.
4, closed raceway pond microalgae culture system according to claim 3, wherein, the photon transmitter is total radiation transmitter or photosynthetically active radiation transmitter.
5, closed raceway pond microalgae culture system according to claim 1, wherein, sensor passage is set, with mounting temperature sensor, pH value transmitter, biological oxygen demand (BOD) transmitter, oxygen electrode, nitrogen concentration, phosphorus concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence instrument transmitter in cultivation region.
6, closed raceway pond microalgae culture system according to claim 1, wherein, transparent sealed cover is by stent support.
7, according to claim 1 or 6 described closed raceway pond microalgae culture systems, wherein, transparent sealed cover is the selection printing opacity functional membrane with anti-fog function.
8, closed raceway pond microalgae culture system according to claim 7, wherein, the selection printing opacity functional membrane with anti-fog function is polyester transparent antifogging film or polyvinyl chloride transparent antifogging film.
9, closed raceway pond microalgae culture system according to claim 1 wherein, is mended the degree of depth of the degree of depth in carbon district and deoxygenation district greater than cultivation region.
10, closed raceway pond microalgae culture system according to claim 1, wherein, cultured microalgae comprises: spirulina, anabena, Dunaliella salina, chlamydomonas, haematococcus pulvialis, chlorella, grid algae, Chaetoceros, brown branch algae, Skeletonema Greville, rhombus algae, Porphyridium cruentum and Rhodella reticulata.
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