CN103906829A - 内燃机用含生物丁醇的替代燃料 - Google Patents
内燃机用含生物丁醇的替代燃料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103906829A CN103906829A CN201280054385.9A CN201280054385A CN103906829A CN 103906829 A CN103906829 A CN 103906829A CN 201280054385 A CN201280054385 A CN 201280054385A CN 103906829 A CN103906829 A CN 103906829A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- fuel
- composition
- internal combustion
- fuel composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/10—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
- C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
- C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
- C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
- C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
- C10L2200/0476—Biodiesel, i.e. defined lower alkyl esters of fatty acids first generation biodiesel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
- C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510411964.XA CN105062577B (zh) | 2011-09-14 | 2012-09-14 | 用于内燃机的燃料组合物 |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR10-2011-0092854 | 2011-09-14 | ||
| KR1020110092854A KR101319987B1 (ko) | 2011-09-14 | 2011-09-14 | 바이오부탄올을 함유하는 내연기관용 대체연료 |
| PCT/KR2012/007385 WO2013039354A2 (ko) | 2011-09-14 | 2012-09-14 | 바이오부탄올을 함유하는 내연 기관용 대체 연료 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510411964.XA Division CN105062577B (zh) | 2011-09-14 | 2012-09-14 | 用于内燃机的燃料组合物 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103906829A true CN103906829A (zh) | 2014-07-02 |
Family
ID=47883893
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510411964.XA Expired - Fee Related CN105062577B (zh) | 2011-09-14 | 2012-09-14 | 用于内燃机的燃料组合物 |
| CN201280054385.9A Pending CN103906829A (zh) | 2011-09-14 | 2012-09-14 | 内燃机用含生物丁醇的替代燃料 |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510411964.XA Expired - Fee Related CN105062577B (zh) | 2011-09-14 | 2012-09-14 | 用于内燃机的燃料组合物 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20150210948A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) |
| KR (1) | KR101319987B1 (enrdf_load_html_response) |
| CN (2) | CN105062577B (enrdf_load_html_response) |
| GB (1) | GB2509288A (enrdf_load_html_response) |
| IN (1) | IN2014CN02826A (enrdf_load_html_response) |
| WO (1) | WO2013039354A2 (enrdf_load_html_response) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105907431A (zh) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-08-31 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 一种纤维素丁醇复合醇烃燃料及其制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103146446B (zh) * | 2013-04-01 | 2014-10-01 | 贵州纳斯新能源技术有限公司 | 一种高效节能的天然气添加剂及其应用 |
| CN105273781A (zh) * | 2014-05-29 | 2016-01-27 | 云南正能环保科技有限公司 | 一种汽油节油抗爆和尾气净化的方法及应用 |
| WO2017136178A1 (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2017-08-10 | Anellotech, Inc. | Chemicals and fuel blendstocks by a catalytic fast pyrolysis process |
| KR101869762B1 (ko) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-06-21 | 한국석유관리원 | 연료 복합 첨가제 |
| KR102560066B1 (ko) * | 2020-07-28 | 2023-07-26 | 주식회사 아이비티 | 액체 연료의 연소 효율을 향상시키기 위한 연료첨가제의 제조방법 |
| KR102496061B1 (ko) * | 2022-08-08 | 2023-02-06 | 오존층살리고 주식회사 | 내연기관의 매연 저감을 위한 연료첨가제 조성물 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20090126921A (ko) * | 2008-06-05 | 2009-12-09 | 이용만 | 바이오부탄올을 함유하는 내연기관용 대체연료 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1330133A (zh) * | 2000-06-23 | 2002-01-09 | 中滨稔 | 替代汽油的一种燃料 |
| JP2002080867A (ja) * | 2000-06-23 | 2002-03-22 | Minoru Nakahama | ガソリン代替燃料 |
| KR100741640B1 (ko) * | 2007-06-07 | 2007-07-26 | 이용만 | 상분리 방지 내연기관용 대체연료 |
-
2011
- 2011-09-14 KR KR1020110092854A patent/KR101319987B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-09-14 CN CN201510411964.XA patent/CN105062577B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-09-14 US US14/427,851 patent/US20150210948A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-09-14 WO PCT/KR2012/007385 patent/WO2013039354A2/ko active Application Filing
- 2012-09-14 GB GB1406655.9A patent/GB2509288A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-09-14 CN CN201280054385.9A patent/CN103906829A/zh active Pending
- 2012-09-14 IN IN2826CHN2014 patent/IN2014CN02826A/en unknown
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20090126921A (ko) * | 2008-06-05 | 2009-12-09 | 이용만 | 바이오부탄올을 함유하는 내연기관용 대체연료 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105907431A (zh) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-08-31 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 一种纤维素丁醇复合醇烃燃料及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR101319987B1 (ko) | 2013-10-23 |
| WO2013039354A2 (ko) | 2013-03-21 |
| WO2013039354A3 (ko) | 2013-05-10 |
| US20150210948A1 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
| IN2014CN02826A (enrdf_load_html_response) | 2015-07-03 |
| CN105062577A (zh) | 2015-11-18 |
| GB201406655D0 (en) | 2014-05-28 |
| CN105062577B (zh) | 2017-09-22 |
| KR20130029314A (ko) | 2013-03-22 |
| GB2509288A (en) | 2014-06-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103906829A (zh) | 内燃机用含生物丁醇的替代燃料 | |
| CN100580065C (zh) | 高含量车用环保醇醚燃料 | |
| US20080066377A1 (en) | Biodegradable Fuel Performance Additives | |
| CA2953640C (en) | Aviation gasoline composition, its preparation and use | |
| WO2008150137A1 (en) | Alternative fuel internal combustion engines for preventing phase separation and corrosion | |
| CN101230299B (zh) | 甲醇汽油核心剂母液及其制备方法以及将该母液配制成为甲醇汽油的方法 | |
| US20110232165A1 (en) | Fuel or fuel additive composition and method for its manufacture and use | |
| WO2009135307A1 (en) | Biofuel or additive and method of manufacture and use | |
| KR100741640B1 (ko) | 상분리 방지 내연기관용 대체연료 | |
| CN101213275A (zh) | 用于内燃机的含有生物乙醇和生物柴油的燃料组合物 | |
| CN107118814B (zh) | 草酸酯类新型含氧燃油或燃油添加剂及其应用 | |
| WO2012059015A1 (zh) | 一种能够防止相分离的甲醇燃料 | |
| CN114502697A (zh) | 具有辛烷协同效应的汽油组合物 | |
| JP5068567B2 (ja) | 無鉛ガソリン組成物 | |
| KR101004258B1 (ko) | 바이오부탄올을 함유하는 내연기관용 대체연료 | |
| US11225622B1 (en) | Compounds that induce octane overboosting | |
| CN105462635B (zh) | 一种适用于乙醇汽油的复合添加剂 | |
| KR100741641B1 (ko) | 상분리 방지 및 부식방지 내연기관용 대체연료 | |
| JP4156554B2 (ja) | ガソリン組成物 | |
| CN100567464C (zh) | 车用甲醇燃油 | |
| JP5426237B2 (ja) | ガソリン組成物 | |
| JP4746868B2 (ja) | ガソリン | |
| KR100726098B1 (ko) | 바이오에탄올 및 바이오디젤 함유 내연기관용 연료조성물 | |
| RU2813456C1 (ru) | Кислородсодержащее композиционное дизельное топливо | |
| JP4746869B2 (ja) | 高性能ガソリン |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20140702 |