WO2008150137A1

WO2008150137A1 - Alternative fuel internal combustion engines for preventing phase separation and corrosion

Info

Publication number: WO2008150137A1
Application number: PCT/KR2008/003189
Authority: WO
Inventors: Yong Man Lee
Original assignee: Yong Man Lee
Priority date: 2007-06-07
Filing date: 2008-06-05
Publication date: 2008-12-11

Abstract

The fuel for internal combustion engines of the present invention can be used without existing combustion equipment, and is useful as an economic alternative fuel that increases power performance as a fuel while noticeably reducing air pollution as compared to gasoline.

Description

[DESCRIPTION] [Invention Title]

ALTERNATIVE FUEL INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES FOR PREVENTING PHASE SEPARATION AND CORROSION

[Technical Field]

The present invention relates to a fuel composition for internal combustion engines, and more particularly, to a fuel composition for internal combustion engines as an alternative fuel that is applicable not only to an engine using gasoline as a fuel but also to a diesel engine.

[Background Art]

As problems of depletion of the fossil fuel and environmental pollution continue to worsen, it is not too much to say that the world is now fighting against energy and environment. Particularly, a country having no petroleum resources such as Korea gives necessarily attention to development of an alternative energy, and it is inevitable to hurry up the development of the alternative fuel in order to go along with current of an increasingly strict international environmental regulation (Kyoto Protocol) .

Bio-fuel is getting attention in order to overcome the problem of the depletion of the fossil fuel and environmental pollution. However, when bio-ethanol or bio-methanol alone (100%) is applied to a gasoline engine, only half of the calorific value is obtained per same volume of the fuel and twice larger volume of the fuel tank is required to drive the 1 same distance, compared with the gasoline.

[Disclosure] [Technical Problem]

An object of the present invention to overcome the prior

10 problems is to provide a fuel composition in which individual components are fully mixed without generating minute amount of water during long-term storage of the fuel oil for internal combustion engines, thereby having less knock generation and more increased combustion efficiency. Another object of the i > present invention is to provide a novel fuel composition that contains an alcohol component, thereby having enhanced octane number, reduced harmful exhaust gas and resultantly reduced environmental pollutants.

0 [Technical Solution]

The present invention relates to a fuel composition for internal combustion engines, and also relates to an alternative fuel including, for the total weight of the composition, 0.01-85 weight% of bio-butanol, butanol, bio- ethanol, propanol, ethanol, methanol, pentanol or a mixture thereof; and I- 75 weight% of paraffinic hydrocarbon, paraffinic hydrocarbon solvent or a mixture thereof.

An embodiment of the present invention relates to an alternative fuel including, for the total weight of the composition, 0.01- 85 weight% of bio-butanol or a mixture of bio-butanol and one or more component selected from pentanol, butanol, propanol, ethanol, bio-ethanol and methanol, and 1-75 weight% of paraffinic hydrocarbon, paraffinic hydrocarbon H) solvent or a mixture thereof.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to an alternative fuel including, for the total weight of the composition, 0.01 ~ 85 weight% of bio-ethanol, ethanol or a mixture thereof, and 1 -75 weight% of paraffinic hydrocarbon, l^"ϊ paraffinic hydrocarbon solvent or a mixture thereof.

In the present invention, a component ratio is based on the total weight of the composition, unless particularly mentioned .

Also, the fuel composition of the present invention may!0 further include, as a phase separation inhibitor, one or more component selected from 0.1 ~ 9 weight% of butyl cellosolve, 0.1 -11 weight% of ethyl cellosolve, 0.001 ~6 weight% of rosin, rosin derivatives, rosin acid compound or a mixture thereof, 0.1 ~5 weight% of turpentine oil and 0.1- 3 weight% of acetone for the total weight of the composition. The fuel composition of the present invention may further include, for the total weight of the composition, 0.1 ~ 13 weight% of isopropanol and 0 1 -12 weight% of isobutanol.

Another fuel composition for internal combustion engines of the present invention may further include, for the total weight of the composition, 1 -19 weight% of aromatic hydrocarbon mixture and, if necessary, 0.1 ~5 weight% of turpentine oil or 0.1 ~3 weight% of acetone. Particularly, m i ) conventional fuel composition for internal combustion engines, benzene that is a highly toxic carcinogen is used up to 1~ 2.5 weight% m various countries. However, the benzene is not separately added to the fuel composition of the present invention. Although an extremely small amount of a benzene i > compound may be contained m other composition, another fuel composition is substitutively used instead of the benzene m order to maintain excellent explosive power m the present invention .

The fuel composition for internal combustion enginesO provide m the above components a) , the butanol may include isomers thereof, e.g. isobutanol, normal butanol, tertiary butanol and the like. The propanol may include isomers thereof, e g. isopropanol and the like Also, the pentanol may include isomers thereof, e.g. n-pentanol, sec-pentanol , 3 -pentanol, isopentanol, active pentanol, sec-isopentanol, t-butyl carbmol, t-pentanol and the like.

More preferably, the fuel composition for internal combustion engines includes a) 5 -20 weight% of bio-butanol, butanol, bio-ethanol, propanol, ethanol, pentanol, methanol or a mixture thereof, b) 25 -55 weight% of paraffmic hydrocarbon, paraffinic hydrocarbon solvent or a mixture thereof, c) a phase separation inhibitor having one or more component selected from 2 -5 weight% of butyl cellosolve, 0.5 -6 weight% of ethyl cellosolve, 0.5- 2 weight% of rosin, rosm derivative or rosin acid compound, d) 3 -12 weight% of aromatic hydrocarbon mixture, e) 0.5 - 3 weight% of turpentine oil and f) 0.3 -1 weight% of acetone.

If necessary, the fuel composition of the present invention may further include, for the total weight of the composition, the non-phase separation effect maximize to include one or more component selected from 2 -6 weight% of isopropanol and 2 -7 weight% of isobutanol.

Also, the fuel composition of the present invention may further include, if necessary, 0.05 -5 weight% of anti- corrosive agent for the total weight of the composition.

Further, m another aspect of the present invention, the fuel composition of the present invention may further include one or more component selected from 0.01 -85 weight% of bio- diesel, known diesel or a mixture thereof, 1 -85 weight% of BTL (Bio-To-Liquid) synthetic crude oil, 1 -43 weight% of kerosene, 1 -32 weight% of Hi-sene, 1 -36 weight% of Hi-nine, 0.01 -5 weight% of lubricant base oil.

Further, the fuel composition of individual aspects of the present invention may further include, independently, one or more component selected from 0.01 -20 weight% of butane derivatives, 0.01 -30 weight% of pentane derivatives, 0.01 -40 weight% of hexane derivatives, 0.01 -45 weight% of benzene derivatives and 0.01 -20 weight% of heptane derivatives. In the present invention, the benzene derivatives, the butane derivatives, the pentane derivatives, the hexane deπvativesand the heptane derivatives are the general term for the derivatives and/or isomers thereof, respectively. Hereinafter, respective components will be described in detail though these are apparent to those skilled in the art.

For example, the benzene derivative means benzene and one or more benzene derivatives selected from solvents in which hydrogen radical of benzene is substituted by one through three Cl - C3 alkyl groups, and includes toluene, xylene, benzene, ethylbenzene , l-methyl-3 -ethylbenzene, 1,3,5- trimethylbenzene , 1 , 2 , 4 - trimethylbenzene, 1,2,3- trimethylbenzene, l-ethyl-2 , 4-dimethylbenzene, indane, 1- methyl-3 -propylbenzene . And, the butane, pentane, hexane, heptane derivatives are the general term for compounds belonging to isomers and derivatives thereof.

Furthermore, the lubricant base oil may be used in the present invention. The lubricant base oil includes a paraffinic base oil (content of the base oil: 45 ~ 70%), a naphthenic base oil (content of the base oil: 65 -75%), an aromatic base oil (content of the base oil: 20 -25%) . Specifically, the lubricant base oil may be one or more selected from engine oil, general industrial oil, insulating oil, refrigerator oil, and process oil. When two object are m contact with each other and one object relatively moves against the other object, resistance that prevents the movement is called as friction. The lubricant base oil may be used to reduce the friction force or eliminate heat generated by the friction. When using the lubricant base oil m the content of 0.01 ~5 weight% range, it is helpful to increase the fuel efficiency and reduce the heat due to the friction.

Tn the present invention, toluene or xylene may be further added to the paraffinic hydrocarbon, paraffinic hydrocarbon solvent or a mixture thereof m order to more improve explosive force or fuel efficiency of an engine When using m the range of 0.1 -45 weight%, preferably 10 -30 weight% for the total weight of the composition, it is possible to sufficiently improve the explosive force and fuel efficiency of the engine without generation of soot and smoke due to incomplete combustion. In general, xylene isomer may be used alone or in a mixture thereof as the xylene component.

Next, a) component of the present invention, i.e. bio- butanol, butanol, propanol , ethanol , bio-ethanol, methanol, pentanol or a mixture thereof is for providing high octane number and high compression ratio according to the composition of the present invention, and used in 0.1 -85 weight%, preferably 10 -25 weight% for the total weight of the i ) composition. If the content is less than the range, it is impossible to obtain sufficient effect of increase in the octane number and sufficient compression ratio, while if the content exceeds the range, fuel consumption is increased. Particularly, when using bio-butanol produced from biomass or i ) alcohol component containing bio-butanol, the bio-butanol or the alcohol component has excellent miscibility with water and thus the phase separation does not occur. Therefore, it is very advantageous that the fuel composition of the present invention has good fuel efficiency and anti-knocking property i() without addition of separate phase separation inhibitor. In the present invention, the butanol and propanol include isomers thereof or a mixture thereof, respectively.

In the present invention, b) component may include, as a mam component, paraffinic hydrocarbon, paraffinic hydrocarbon solvent or a mixture thereof .

More specifically, the fuel composition for internal combustion engines includes, as b) component, C4 ~C28 paraffinic hydrocarbon, paraffinic hydrocarbon solvent or a mixture thereof mixed with small amount of cycloparaffinic hydrocarbon or the like.

Examples thereof mcludebenzme, rubber gasoline, solvent naphtha, mineral spirits, cleaning solvent, Stoddard solvent and aromatic solvent. Trivial name thereof include canadol, isoparaffin hydrocarbon, ligrom, naphtha ligrom, refined solvent naphtha, VM&P naphtha, vanish marker's naphtha, naphtha Stoddard solvent, white spirits, Stoddard solvent naphtha, Stoddard solvent organic solvent, enamel thinner, mineral thinner, rubber solvent (naphtha) , (vasol) hydrotreated light straight run (petroleum) , naphtha (petroleum) and hydrotreated light naphtha. Production names thereof conventionally used all over the world include 1520 Naphtha and Exxol Hexane Fluid available from Exxon Mobile, Techsol-S and kixxsolavailable from GS-Caltex and SBPl (Special Boiling Point 1) , SBP4 (Special Boiling Point 4) and Solvent-1 available from SK.

When using m the content of 1~ 75 weight%, preferably 25 -55 weight%, it is possible to obtain appropriately the desired effect, prevent clog of a nozzle due to impurities and improve the cold start-up property.

[Beat Mode]

The phase separation inhibitor of the present invention is a component for preventing that moisture is generated during long-term storage of the fuel and water condensed or injected m the fuel tank at the time of injecting fuel into the vehicle is separated from other components, and thus knocking is generated during combustion of the fuel or the efficiency of the fuel is reduced. In the present invention, the phase separation inhibitor includes one or more component selected from 0.1 -9 weight% of butyl cellosolve, 0.1 -11 weight% of ethyl cellosolve, 0.001 ~6 weight% of rosin, rosin derivative, rosin acid compound, and preferably, may further include one or more component selected from 0.1 -13 weight% of isopropanol and 0.1 -12 weight% of isobutanol. The phase separation inhibitor is helpful to lengthen the lifetime of an engine. More preferably, use of one or more one component selected from butyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve or rosin, rosin derivative, rosin acid compound or a mixture thereof allows superior phase separation inhibitor.

Also, use of the rosin, rosin derivative or rosin acid compound gives, in addition to the phase separation inhibition effect, an effect of removing or preventing deposits in a carburetor, fuel injection valve, suction valve and other internal operating parts as well as a superior function to prevent corrosion due to moisture or small amount of acetic acid remained in alcohol. Therefore, the lifetime of the engine can be lengthened prolonged and noise can be also reduced. These could be appreciated in a long-term driving test .

The rosin, rosin derivative or rosin acid compound can be well dissolved m an organic solvent such as alcohol, ether, benzene, acetone and the like. In an alcohol-mixed fuel, acetone having the phase separation inhibiting effect may be used as the solvent although the alcohol can be used as the solvent .

The isopropanol serves to increase physical miscibility between the compositions by reducing interfacial tension between hydrophilic ethanol as a main fuel source m the present invention and hydrophobic aromatic compound. The "Lsopropanol can be used in the content of 0.1 -13 weight% for the total weight of the composition.

The butanol includes its isomer such as normal butanol, isobutanol, secondary butanol, tertiary butanol and the like. Bio-butanol using biomass as an alternative fuel for petroleum is economical in an aspect of securing the raw material since the bio-butanol uses wood based raw material which occupies 97% of total vegetable biomass, and is excellent as a transportation fuel since the bio-butanol has excellent property as an alternative fuel for gasoline as compared with bio-ethanol . The bio-butanol went into decline as the petrochemical industry was rapidly developed at 1950s although the bio- butanol started to be produced from early 1900s using microbial fermentation, but is emerged as a fuel that can partially substitute petroleum as an era of high oil prices recently.

The butanol is easy to be stored and transported when compared with existing bio-fuel using ethanol, and still has high thermal efficiency. The reason that the butanol has more advantages than the ethanol is because of its chemical structure. The ethanol is difficult to be stored and has a critical disadvantage of corroding a transportation pipe. Unlike this, in case of the butanol, it is possible to utilize an existing infrastructure such as a crude oil transportation pipe without installation of additional equipment. Particularly, since the butanol has a lower vapor pressure than the ethanol, the butanol can be mixed in higher ratio than the ethanol. Also, the butanol has low volatility and extremely low discharge amount of soot and smoke.

The butanol can improve the cold start-up property that is a disadvantage of the ethanol, and can reduce excessive fuel consumption that is, particularly, a disadvantage of the alcohols. Also, butanol has excellent effect to enhance fuel efficiency and reduce exhaust gas since it has high thermal efficiency. Also, butanol has excellent effect to prevent the phase separation even though moisture exists in the fuel. The butanol is particularly advantageous as a fuel for internal combustion engines when using in the range of 0.1 -85 weight%.

Also, the BTL (Bio-To-Liquid) synthetic crude oil using biomass can be utilized as a high quality fuel for internal combustion engines, and is appreciated as an environmental friendly fuel since it does not contain sulfuric and aromatic components harmful to human body.

The isobutanol can improve the cold start-up property that is a disadvantage of the ethanol and reduce excessive fuel consumption that is, particularly, a disadvantage of the alcohols. Also, isobutanol has excellent effect to enhance fuel efficiency and reduce exhaust gas since it has high thermal efficiency. The isobutanol is particularly advantageous as a fuel for internal combustion engines when using in the range of 0.1 ~12 weight%.

The rosin acid is the general term for the organic acids contained in the rosin that can be obtained from distillation of pine resin. The rosin acid is natural resin acid obtained from distillation of pine resin, and the resin acid is a valuable resource that can hardly be obtained from natural substances other than woods. From ancient times, the pine resin has been used to paint a ship as anti-corrosive agent and to prevent slip of strings of a stringed instrument. In most case, however, the pine resin used in various uses after beingdenatured. The chemical structure of the resin acid has a double bond that is chemically active.

The double bond generates reaction between the resin acids or between the resin acid and other compound (e.g. maleic acid) and the resultant product is called as polymerized rosin. Since the double bond may become a cause of instability when the resin acid is left in air, hydrogen is added to stabilize the resin acid. This is called as Hydrogenated Rosin and is used in synthetic resin, ink and so on.

The rosin acid is the general term for the organic acids obtained from distillation of pine resin, and includes abietic acid, neoabietic acid, levopimaric acid, hydroabietic acid, pimaric acid, dextonic acid, palustric acid.

Next, the fuel composition of the present invention may also include turpentine oil that is a naturally originated vegetable oil. When used in an appropriate amount, lubrication of an engine is facilitated to enhance the fuel efficiency. The turpentine oil is colorless essential oil obtained by application of steam to pine resin. The turpentine oil can be obtained by distillation of natural pine resin obtained from leaching of wounds on stems of natural pine tree, not from refinement of the crude oil. A small amount of turpentine oil can be also obtained by even direct distillation of pine branches with steam. Besides, it can be obtained by distilling pine root oil, which is distilled again after refinement of the oil components. In natural pine resin, up to approximately 20% of turpentine oil is contained. It is widely used as a solvent for ointments, paints, shoe polishes, rubbers or waterproof agents.

While the turpentine oil has characteristic odor and generates carbon monoxide upon combustion, it is sufficiently valuable material as fuel for internal combustion engines at present, when the fossil fuel is getting depleted all over the world.

An increased use of bio-butanol, butanol, propanol, bio- ethanol, ethanol, pentanol , methanol or a mixture thereof in the total fuel composition is beneficial since generation of carbon monoxide discharged from turpentine oil can be reduced. When using alcohols as fuel for internal combustion engines, the higher alcohol content results in higher fuel consumption. This phenomenon can be overcome when using turpentine oil in an amount within the range of not more than 5 weight% as the fuel efficiency enhancer. Particularly, when using bio-butanol or the alcohol mixture containingthereof, it was possible to obtain unexpected effect including increase in the fuel efficiency and raised phase separation inhibition.

Also, the fuel composition of the present invention may include aromatic hydrocarbon mixture for the purpose of increase in the fuel efficiency.

An example of the aromatic hydrocarbon mixture includes Aromatic-100 (available from ExxonMobil) , consisting of two or more components selected from ethylbenzene, l-methyl-3- ethylbenzene, 1, 3, 5-trimethylbenzene, 1, 2, 4-trimethylbenzene, 1, 2, 3-trimethylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, propylbenzene, cumene, l-ethyl-2-methylbenzene, indane, l-ethyl-2,4- dimethylbenzene, 1- methyl-3-ethylbenzene, naphthalene, naphthalene derivatives, indane and indane derivatives.

Specific examples include those commercially available in the common name of Aromatic-100 (from ExxonMobil), Hi-Sol 10 (from Ashland Inc.), Kocosol-100 and Kocosol-150 (from SK), Techsol-100 (from GS-Caltex) , polyethylbenzine, Heavy Aromatic Naphtha, High Flash Aromatic, Shellsol R and the like. In particular, the aromatic hydrocarbon mixture is used to improve ignitability and fuel efficiency. When using in the content of 1 ~ 19 weight%, desired level of improvement in fuel efficiency can be obtained and generation of impurities such as soot can be minimized.

The fuel composition of the present invention may further include anti-corrosive agent that is conventionally added to prevent corrosion of the internal combustion engines. The anti-corrosive agent is suggested in various forms in disclosed references, and may be appropriately selected from aminophenol, alkyl amine, potassium sorbate, ethylene glycol acetate and used alone or in combination thereof. The anti- corrosive agent is preferably used in a content of 0.05 ~5 weight%. If the content is less than 0.05 weight %, desired anti-corrosive effect cannot be sufficiently achieved, while if the content is more than 5 weight%, the economical efficiency and effect as an alternative fuel containing the anti-corrosive agent cannot be appreciated.

When using bio-butanol or bio-ethanol, the component itself may serve as an octane number enhancer and it is thus possible to obtain a high octane number without using MTBE that has conventionally been classified as an environmental pollutant. Nevertheless, by considering the particular circumstances of each country, some MTBE, ETBE or a mixture thereof may be added. When using an octane number enhancer, the content used is, for the total weight of the composition, 1 -17 weight%, preferably 4 ~8 weight% in summer and 8 -12 weight% in winter.

The methanol can be obtained from natural trees though it can be obtained from petroleum. Therefore, the methanol can be used as an alternative fuel for the petroleum. An alcohol components included in the fuel composition for internal combustion engines of the present invention, the higher purity of alcoholcan minimize the concerns such as incomplete combustion and engine corrosion.

The fuel composition for internal combustion engines of the present invention reduces discharge of air pollutants, and, particularly when using bio-butanol or bio-ethanol, is a novel bio-fuel for internal combustion engines that can reduce the exhaust gas and solve the problem of environmental pollution, e.g. groundwater contamination and soil pollutions that are becoming a global problem, and replace the octane number enhancer (representatively, MTBE) . Thus, another aspect of the present invention relates to a process for reducing the waste discharge of internal combustion engines and a novel octane number enhancer. The fuel composition for internal combustion engines of the present invention may be used alone or in a mixture with a known conventional fuel for internal combustion engines .

In another embodiment of the present invention, bio- diesel may be added to individual inventive embodiments in a content of 0.01 ~85 weight% for the total weight of the composition. Though the bio-diesel is conventionally used in a diesel engine, use of the bio-diesel in a gasoline engine in a small amount facilitates lubrication action, thereby giving excellent effect of enhancing fuel efficiency and increasing the lifetime of engine, when compared with the existing case using gasoline alone. However, when the content of the bio- diesel is excessive, it is disadvantageous since the bio- diesel is agglomerated to cause the clog of the oil filter of a vehicle, lowering in starting-up performance and reduction in engine power. However, in case of diesel engine, the bio- diesel may be allowed in the above range since the power is generated from compressive explosion.

In addition, the fuel composition of the present invention further may include, if necessary, one or more component selected from 1 ~43 weight% of kerosene, 1 ~32 weight% of Hi-sene (Transient fuel oil No .1 produced by Samsung Total Petrochemicals Co., Ltd.) and 1 ~3β weight% of Hi-nine (Transient fuel oil No.2 produced from Samsung Total Petrochemicals Co., Ltd.). The Hi-sene is a by-product generated during the course of producing a petrochemical product from naphtha and the condensate as raw materials in a petrochemical plant, which comprises heavy components having 9 -18 carbon atoms. It is registered as Transient fuel oil No. 1 on the basis of the Petroleum and Alternative Fuel Business Act according to Korean Standards (KS) , and is commonly referred to as Hi-sene in the industrial field.

The Hi-nine (C9+) is also a by-product generated during the course of producing a petrochemical product from naphtha as a raw material in a petrochemical plant, which is registered as Transient fuel oil No.2. The Hi-sene and Hi-nine are advantageous in that they are by-products but utilized as alternative fuel for internal combustion engines. Particularly, the Hi-nine has the flow point of -50⁰C and thus can be used without changing temperature especially in winter time. In addition, the Hi-nine is a ultra low sulfur product containing sulfur in a content of 0.01% and is environmental friendly so that little sulfur oxides (SOx) is contained in the exhaust gas upon combustion. The Hi-sene and Hi-nine are those having significantly reduced sulfur when compared with the light oil and thus are very advantageous as the alternative fuel for internal combustion engines.

Furthermore, in the present invention, aliphatic alkane or alicyclic alkane having 5 - 40 carbon atoms, preferably 6 - 26 carbon atoms can be optionally added in a content of 1 ~85 weight%, if necessary. More specifically, the fuel composition for internal combustion engines includes the component essentially consisting of C5 - C40 alkanes, derivatives of such alkanes having Cl - C2 alkaneside chains and derivatives of C5 - Cβ cyclic compound wherein the hydrogen is substituted by Cl - C2 alkane.

The fuel composition for internal combustion engines of the present invention can directly be used as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines. Also, the fuel composition for internal combustion engines of the present invention can be used as a mixture with gasoline or diesel oil. This constitutes another subject of the invention. Moreover, the fuel composition for internal combustion engines of the present invention can be used as an alternative fuel or an additive for gasoline and diesel oil. When used as an additive, the fuel composition of the present invention provides excellent effect in terms of fuel efficiency, power performance, exhaust gas and noise when compared with existing fuel for internal combustion engines, regardless of the content added for the total weight of the composition.

Evaluation for the fuel composition for internal combustion engines of the present invention was carried out according to a method of European evaluation method (ECE15+EUDC) , the same method as described in Korean Patent No. 10-0525362. Unleaded gasoline of octane number #93 was used for comparison. Fuel compositions of Examples 1 to 6 of the present invention that will be described in later were used. By using an automobile of JETTA FV7160Cix available from VOLKSWAGEN equipped with an ATK engine, evaluations and analysis were carried out according to the Measurement GB18352.2-2001 (Method for measuring exhaust gas upon driving), GB/T3845-93 (Method for measuring exhaust gas upon starting- up) , GB/T12543-90 (Method for measuring power performance of an automobile) , and GB1495-2002 (Method for measuring external noise of the automobile at the time of high-speed driving) . After injection of the fuel and driving the automobile to a distance of 200 km, exhaust gas upon idling (twice) , exhaust gas during driving (once) , fuel economy (once) , power performance (once) and noise (once) were measured. [Table 1]

[Table 2]

Experimental instruments and devices for test>

The results evaluated from component analysis of gasoline and the fuel composition according to the present invention by Korea Institute of Petroleum Quality (Kipeq) on the basis of standards for quality of gasoline, are shown in Table 3:

[Table 3]

Particularly, as a result of component analysis by Korea Institute of Petroleum Quality, the fuel composition of the present invention had high octane number (98.8) without separately adding an octane number enhancer. Particularly, the sulfur content was significantly reduced, while benzene that is critically harmful to human body was not detected. This is another advantage of the present invention.

Individual components were mixed together according to the compositions described below to prepare fuel compositions for internal combustion engines of the present invention. The fuels were subjected to the performance tests, of which the results are listed in Tables below.

[Example 1]

1) 47 weight% of paraffinic hydrocarbon solvent, Kixxsol (available from GS Caltex)

2) 18 weight% of toluene 3) 2 weight% of aromatic hydrocarbon mixture, Techsol-100 (available from GS Caltex)

4) 2 weight% of butyl cellosolve

5) 15 weight% of bio-ethanol

6) 1 weight% of ethyl cellosolve 7) 1 weight% of isopropanol

8) 3 weight% of isobutanol

9) 4 weight% of MTBE

10) 2 weight% of kerosene

11) 2 weight% of Hi-sene 12) 1 weight% of Hi-nine

13) 2 weight% of turpentine oil

[Example 2]

Evaluations of performance were carried out according to the same method as described in Example 1, but with a mixed fuel prepared by mixing 10 weight% of the fuel composition of Example 1 with 90 weight% of 93# unleaded gasoline. The results are shown in the Tables below.

[Example 3]

Evaluations of performance were carried out according to the same method as described in Example 1, but with a mixed fuel prepared by mixing 40 weight% of the fuel composition of Example 1 with 60 weight% of 93# unleaded gasoline. The results are shown in the Tables below.

[Comparative Example 1]

Evaluations of performance were carried out according to the same method as described in Example 1, but using 93# unleaded gasoline instead of the fuel composition according to Example 1. The results are shown in the Tables below.

[Comparative Example 2] The same procedure was carried out as described in Example 1, but using methanol instead of bio-ethanol. The performances are listed in Tables below.

[Example 4] Evaluations of performance were carried out for a fuel composition having the same composition as in Example 1, but including 8 weight% of toluene and 10 weight% of xylene. The results of evaluations of performance were listed in Tables below.

[Example 5]

Evaluations of performance were carried out for a fuel composition having the same composition ratio as in Example 1, but including ETBE instead of MTBE, and rosin acid derivatives instead of Hi-nine. As a result, the fuel composition of the present invention showed very good effect in terms of output of power and starting-up.

[Example 6]

The same fuel composition having the same composition ratio as in Example 1 was employed, but using 46.5 weight% of hydrocarbon solvent and 0.5 weight% of bio-diesel. As a result, reduction in exhaust gas and improvement in fuel efficiency were noticeable.

[Example 7]

The same procedure was carried out as described in Example 1, but using bio-butanol instead of bio-ethanol. The results are listed in Tables below.

[Table 4]

As the result of measuring exhaust gas according to the method of GB18352.2-2001, no increase of exhaust gas was found after driving 200 km as compared to the exhaust gas at the time of idling. Thus, there was no pollution in exhaust gas at the time of idling, for all cases.

^■Table b]

Example 6 0.06 0.64 0.12 8.35

Example 7 0.03 0.58 0.09 7. 99

Comparative Example 0.11 0.92 0.37 9. 09 1

Comparative Example 0.10 0.83 0.18 8. 61 2

As can be seen from the Table above, pollutant was reduced by average 42.86%, and the fuel consumption by 8.25%, in case of the composition of Example 1 (containing bio- ethanol) as compared to that of Comparative Example 1

(unleaded gasoline) . The pollutant was reduced by average 41.42%, and the fuel consumption by 8.14%, in case of the composition of Example 6 (containing bio-diesel and bio- ethanol) as compared to Comparative Example 1 (unleaded gasoline) . Particularly, the pollutant was reduced significantly (more than 60%), and the fuel consumption noticeably (12.1%), in case of the composition of Example 7

(containing bio-butanol) .

[Table 6]

As can be seen from the Table above, the times required for acceleration to 4th or 5th speed after driving the distance of 200 km, when using bio-ethanol alone (Example 1) and a mixture of bio-ethanol and bio-diesel (Example 6) , were much faster acceleration force than that required in case of using common #93 unleaded gasoline (Comparative Example 1) .

Measurement of noise at accelerated driving of JETTA (VOLKSWAGEN) automobile

[Table 7]

<Test results after driving 200 km in Comparative Example

1> [ Table 8 ]

[Table 9]

[Table 10]

[Table 11]

[Table 12]

[Table 13]

[Table 14;

As can be seen from the results of noise measurement, the fuel composition according to the invention provided excellent effect of reducing noise on the whole.

[Industrial Applicability]

The fuel composition for internal combustion engines of the present invention, when applied as a fuel for internal combustion engines, showed prominent effect of reducing the production and discharge of air pollutant in an aspect of environment, as compared to conventional gasoline fuel.

Moreover, in an aspect of energy efficiency, the fuel composition of the present invention showed excellent economical efficiency and power performance as compared to conventional fuel for internal combustion engines, while reducing generation of noise.

Claims

[CLAIMS] [Claim 1]

A fuel composition for internal combustion engines, comprising: a) 0.01 -85 weight% of bio-butanol, butanol, bio-ethanol, ethanol, propanol, methanol, pentanol or at least two of the mixture thereof; and b) 1 -75 weight% of paraffinic hydrocarbon, paraffinic hydrocarbon solvent or a mixture thereof.

[Claim 2]

The fuel composition for internal combustion engines as set forth in claim 1, further comprising, for total weight of the composition, one or more component selected from a) 0.01 -20 weight! of butane derivatives, b) 0.01 -30 weight% of pentane derivatives, c) 0.01 -40 weight% of hexane derivatives, d) 0.01 -45 weight% of benzene derivatives and e) 0.01 -20 weight% of heptane derivatives.

[Claim 3]

The fuel composition for internal combustion engines as set forth in claim 1, wherein the component b) includes, as the main component, C4 - C28 paraffinic hydrocarbon or paraffinic hydrocarbon solvent.

[Claim 4]

The fuel composition for internal combustion engines as set forth in claim 1, further comprising one or more component selected from 1 -85 weight% of C5 - C40 aliphatic alkane or alicyclic alkane, 0.01 -85 weight% of bio-diesel, 1 -85 weight% of BTL synthetic crude oil, 1 -43 weight% of kerosene, 1 -32 weight% of Hi-sene, 1 -36 weight% of Hi-nine and 0.01 -5 weight% of lubricant base oil.

[Claim 5]

The fuel composition for internal combustion engines as set forth in claim 1, further comprising 0.1 -5 weight% of turpentine oil or 0.1 -3 weight% of acetone.

[Claim 6]

The fuel composition for internal combustion engines as set forth in claim 1, further comprising, as an octane number enhancer, 1 -17 weight% of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) , ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) or a mixture thereof.

[Claim 7]

The fuel composition for internal combustion engines as set forth in claim 1, further comprising 1 -19 weight% of aromatic hydrocarbon mixture.

[Claim 8]

The fuel composition for internal combustion engines as set forth in claim 1, further comprising, as a phase separation inhibitor, one or more component selected from 0.1 -9 weight% of butyl cellosolve, 0.1 -11 weight% of ethyl cellosolve, 0.001 -6 weight% of rosin, rosin derivative, rosin acid compound or a mixture thereof, 0.1 ~13 weight% of isopropanol and 0.1 ~12 weight% of isobutanol.

[Claim 9] The fuel composition for internal combustion engines as set forth in any one of claims 2 to 4, further comprising, as a phase separation inhibitor, one or more component selected from 0.1 -9 weight% of butyl cellosolve, 0.1 -11 weight% of ethyl cellosolve, 0.001 -6 weight% of rosin, rosin derivative, rosin acid compound or a mixture thereof, 0.1 ~13 weight% of isopropanol and 0.1 -12 weight% of isobutanol.

[Claim 10]

The fuel composition for internal combustion engines as set forth in any one of claims 2 to 4, further comprising 1 ~ 19 weight% of aromatic hydrocarbon mixture.

[Claim 11]

The fuel composition for internal combustion engines as set forth in any one of claims 2 to 4, further comprising, as an octane number enhancer, 1 -17 weight% of MTBE, ETBE or a mixture thereof.

[Claim 12]

The fuel composition for internal combustion engines as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising 0.05 -5 weight% of anti-corrosive agent for the total weight of the composition.

[Claim 13]

The fuel composition for internal combustion engines as set forth in any one of claims 2 to 4, further comprising 0.1 ~5 weight% of turpentine oil or 0.1 ~3 weight% of acetone.

[Claim 14]

An alternative fuel for internal combustion engines, comprising the fuel composition as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 8 alone or in a mixture with known fuel for internal combustion engines and an alcohol fuel.