WO2007145490A1

WO2007145490A1 - Alternative fuel preventing phase separation and corrosion for internal combustion engines

Info

Publication number: WO2007145490A1
Application number: PCT/KR2007/002933
Authority: WO
Inventors: Yong Man Lee
Original assignee: Yong Man Lee
Priority date: 2006-06-15
Filing date: 2007-06-15
Publication date: 2007-12-21

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fuel composition for internal combustion engines. More specifically, the invention provides a fuel composition which comprises 0.1~85% by weight of bioethanol, ethanol or a mixture thereof, and 1-75% by weight of hydrocarbon solvent as the main components, and additionally comprises one or more components selected from 0.1-9% by weight of Butyl Cellosolve, 0.1-11% by weight of Ethyl Cellosolve, 0.001-6% by weight of Rosin derivative or Rosin Acid compound, 0.1-13% by weight of isopropanol and 0.1-12% by weight of isobutanol, 0.1-5% by weight of turpentine oil and 0.1-3% by weight of acetone as a phase separation preventor.

Description

ALTERNATIVE FUEL PREVENTING PHASE SEPARATION AND CORROSION FOR

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

[Technical Field] The present invention relates to a fuel composition for internal combustion engines. It is to provide a fuel composition for internal combustion engines as an alternative fuel that is applicable to diesel engines as well as engines for using gasoline fuel.

[Background Art]

Since the problems of depletion of fossil fuel and environmental pollution are getting more serious all over the world, it is not too much to say that the earth is at war against the problems of energy and environment.

In particular, in a country having no petroleum resources like Korea, attentions are to be paid to the development of alternative fuel. In order to go along with the streams of increasingly strict international regulations based on Kyoto Protocol, it is inevitable now to hurry up the development of alternative fuel .

In order to overcome the problems of depletion of fossil fuel and environmental pollution, attentions are paid to biomass alternative fuels. The candidate group of alternative fuels includes methanol, synthetic ethanol, bioethanol, and recently biodiesel. When bioethanol or methanol is applied to a gasoline engine alone (100%) , however, only half of the caloric value is obtained per same volume of the fuel, so that a twice larger capacity of a fuel tank is necessary for driving the same distance.

[Disclosure] [Technical Problem]

The object of the present invention is to overcome such disadvantages of conventional alternative fuels. It provides a fuel composition having reduced knock and more improved combustion efficiency, wherein individual constituents are fully mixed without generating even trace amount of water during long-term storage of the fuel oil for internal combustion engines. Further, the invention provides a novel fuel composition having enhanced octane number, reduced harmful exhaust gas and reduced environmental pollutant, due to the constituent of alcohol component .

[Technical Solution]

The fuel composition for internal combustion engines of the present invention to achieve the objects described above comprises a) 0.1~85% by weight of bioethanol, ethanol or a mixture thereof, and b) 1-75% by weight of hydrocarbon solvent as the main components, and additionally comprises one or more component (s) selected from 0.1-9% by weight of Butyl Cellosolve, 0.1-11% by weight of Ethyl Cellosolve, 0.001-6% by weight of Rosin derivative or Rosin Acid compound, 0.1-13% by weight of isopropanol and 0.1-12% by weight of isobutanol, as a phase separation preventor. The composition ratios of the present invention are based on the weight of total composition if not otherwise specified.

[Mode for Invention] Other and further objects, features and advantages of the invention will appear more fully from the following description.

Another fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to the invention additionally comprises 1-19% by weight of an aromatic hydrocarbon mixture, and, if required, 0.1-5% by weight of turpentine oil or 0.1-3% by weight of acetone .

To the fuel composition of the present invention, benzene (which is known as a highly toxic carcinogen, and used in various countries up to 1-2.5% by weight) is not separately added. Though benzene compounds may be contained in other compositions in a very small amount, the present invention replaces benzene by another fuel composition in order to maintain excellent explosive power. More preferably, the fuel composition for internal combustion engines as described above comprises a) 5-20% by- weight of bioethanol, ethanol or a mixture thereof; b) 25-55% by weight of hydrocarbon solvent; c) one or more phase separation preventor(s) selected from 2-5% by weight of Butyl Cellosolve, 0.5-6% by weight of Ethyl Cellosolve, 0.5-2% by weight of Rosin derivative or Rosin Acid compound, 2-6% by weight of isopropanol and 2-7% by weight of isobutanol; c) 3-12% by weight of aromatic hydrocarbon mixture, d) 0.5-3% by weight of turpentine oil; and e) 0.3-1% by weight of acetone.

In addition to the constituents of the composition, the composition according to the present invention may comprise 0.05%~5 by weight of an anti-corrosive agent on the basis of the weight of total composition, if required. According to another aspect of the invention, the fuel composition for internal combustion engines further comprises one or more component (s) selected from 0.01-85% by weight of biodiesel, conventional diesel or a mixture thereof, 1-43% by weight of kerosene, 1-32% by weight of HiSene, 1-36% by weight of Hi-nine and 0.01-5% by weight of lubricant base oil.

Now each constituent of the fuel composition according to the invention is described in more detail.

To the composition according to individual embodiment of the invention, one or more component (s) selected from 0.01-20% by weight of butane derivatives, 0.01-30% by weight of pentane derivatives, 0.01-40% by weight of hexane derivatives, 0.01-45% by weight of benzene derivatives and 0.01-20% by weight of heptane derivatives may be independently added. As used herein, benzene derivatives, butane derivatives, pentane derivatives, hexane derivatives and heptane derivatives collectively refer the derivatives and isomers of the compound, being obviously known to a person having ordinary skill in the art. Thus, no more specific description is provided to the derivatives. For example, the term 'benzene derivatives' refers to benzene, or one or more benzene derivative (s) wherein the hydrogen atom(s) of benzene ring is (are) substituted by one to three Ci-C₃ alkyl group (s). The examples of benzene derivatives include toluene, xylene, benzene, ethylbenzene , 1- methyl-3 -ethylbenzene, 1, 3 , 5-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4- trimethylbenzene, 1, 2 , 3-trimethylbenzene, 1-ethyl-2, 4- dimethylbenzene, indane, 1-methyl-3-propylbenzene, or the like. Butane, pentane, hexane and heptane derivatives also collectively include their derivatives and isomers in the same manner .

In addition, lubricant base oil may be employed in the fuel composition according to the present invention. As lubricant base oil, used may be paraffinic base oil (base oil content: 45-70%), naphthenic base oil (base oil content: 65~75%) , aromatic base oil (base oil content: 20-25%), or the like. Specifically, one or more oil(s) selected from engine oil, common industrial oil, electric-insulating oil, freeze base oil, processing oil, or the like may be used. Lubricant base oil is used for the purpose of reducing the friction force or removing the heat generated from friction, which is a resistance to inhibit the motion when two objects are moved in contact with each other. The content of lubricant base oil used for enhancing fuel efficiency and reducing the heat of friction is in the range from 0.01 to 5% by weight.

First, b) toluene as an aromatic hydrocarbon component of in the composition of the present invention is used to enhance explosive power of an engine, in an amount of 0.1-45% by weight, preferably 10-30% by weight. If the amount is less than the range, sufficient explosive power of an engine cannot be provided, while if the amount is more than the range, a large amount of exhaust fumes is generated due to incomplete combustion.

In the fuel composition according to the invention, xylene may be added to the hydrocarbon solvent component b) , as an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent. When using xylene, combustion efficiency of fuel increases to enhance the fuel efficiency, while the amount of exhaust fumes generated decreases. Xylene may be used in an amount of 0.1-45% by weight, preferably 10-30% by weight on the basis of the total composition. The xylene component conventionally refers a xylene isomer alone, or a mixture of xylene components.

Ethanol, bioethanol or a mixture thereof as component a) of the invention provides high octane number and high compression ratio to the fuel composition according to the present invention. The content is usually 0.1-85% by weight, preferably 5~20% by weight on the basis of total fuel composition. If the amount is less than the range, sufficient octane number enhancement and compression ratio cannot be obtained, while the amount is more than the range, fuel consumption increases.

The extensive range of each component from less than 1% up to 85% by weight as claimed (on the basis of total composition, 100%) is intended to maximize the fuel efficiency as a fuel for internal combustion engines according to individual embodiments.

The hydrocarbon solvents of component b) are classified into solvents, co-solvents and diluents. A solvent completely dissolves the solute, while a co-solvent can dissolve the solute when used in combination with another component, though it cannot dissolve the solute by itself. A diluent does not have the ability of dissolving the solute, but having the ability of dispersing it, without resulting in separation, precipitation or eduction, depending upon the amount incorporated. With regard to the properties of solvents, they should have appropriate quality for the use of washing, dissolving, diluting or extracting, without containing water or precipitate; they are to be clear and colorless without unusual odor.

Common solvents are subdivided into 5 types depending on

the distillation range from 30 to 210^°C : benzine with distillation range of 30~150^°C, rubber gasoline produced at 80~160^°C, Solvent Naphtha at 60~90^°C, Mineral Spirits at 120~205^°C, and cleaning solvent at 150~210^°C.

Besides the 5 types of common solvents, specific solvents for peculiar purposes are classified into several types depending on the use and distillation range from 25 to 300^°C . According to still another classification, solvents are divided into organic solvents and inorganic solvents. Organic solvents include petroleum (hydrocarbons) , alcohols, esters, ketones, and ethers, while inorganic solvents include liquid ammonia, liquid sulfurous acid and sulfuric acid. Organic solvents are subdivided into fifty (50) or more types of solvents depending on their chemical structures. Among them, aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons are referred to as petroleum (hydrocarbon) solvents, while others are referred to as chemical solvents.

According to the classification depending on the chemical structures of hydrocarbon, petroleum solvents are subdivided into paraffinic hydrocarbons, naphthenic hydrocarbons, olefinic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons.

The hydrocarbon component b) of the fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to the present invention comprises C₄-Ci₅ paraffinic hydrocarbon as the main component, with a small amount of cycloparaffinic hydrocarbon mixed therein.

The hydrocarbons used in the composition according to the invention include Stoddard Solvent and aromatic solvents, which is called as Canadol, Isoparaffin hydrocarbon, Ligroin, Naphtha Ligroin, refined Solvent Naphtha, VM&P Naphtha, Vanish Marker's Naphtha, Naphtha Stoddard Solvent, White Spirits, Stoddard Solvent Naphtha, Stoddard Solvent Organic Solvent, Enamel Thinner, Mineral Thinner, Rubber Solvent (Naphtha) , Vasol Hydrotreated light straight run (petroleum) , Naphtha (petroleum) , hydrotreated light Naphtha, or the like in common name; and 1520 Naphtha and Exxol Hexane Fluid from ExxonMobil, TechsolS, Kixxsol from GSCaltex, and Solvent No.l from SK as trade names . In order to obtain most appropriate effect for the purpose, the solvent is used in an amount of 0.1~85% by weight, preferably 5-69% by weight, and more preferably 5-50% by weight. By using the amount of industrial gasoline as described above, clogging of nozzle attached to the internal combustion engine owing to impurities is prevented and starting-up at low temperature is improved.

The phase separation preventor according to the invention is a component which prevents generation of moisture during long-time storage of the fuel and condensation of water in the fuel vessel at the time of injecting the fuel into a car; separation of some water incorporated from other components to cause knocking at the time of fuel combustion; or lowering the fuel efficiency. In order to lengthen the life of engines, preferably used is (are) one or more component (s) selected from 0.1-9% by weight of Butyl Cellosolve, 0.1-11% by weight of Ethyl Cellosolve, 0.001-6% by weight of Rosin derivative or Rosin Acid compound, 0.1-13% by weight of isopropanol and 0.1-12% by weight of isobutanol. More excellent effect of phase separation preventor is obtained when using one or more component (s) selected from the group consisting of Butyl Cellosolve, Ethyl Cellosolve and Rosin derivatives or organic acid compounds of Rosin (hereinafter, referred to as Rosin Acid) .

In addition to prevention of phase separation, use of Rosin derivatives or Rosin Acid compound is beneficial in removing or preventing depositions on a carburetor, a fuel injection valve, an induction valve, and other internal operative parts, as well as preventing corrosion due to trace amount of moisture or acetic acid still remaining in alcohol. Thus, it is confirmed from a long-term driving test that it can lengthen the lifetime of an engine, with reducing noise.

The Rosin derivatives or Rosin Acid compounds are readily- dissolved in organic solvent such as alcohol, ether, benzene and acetone. In an alcohol mixed fuel, an alcohol may be used as solvent, but acetone having the effect of phase separation may be used as solvent . This makes another advantage of the present invention.

In the fuel composition according to the invention, isopropanol serves to provide physical compatibility of the components by reducing the surface tension between hydrophilic ethanol (as a primary fuel source) and the hydrophobic aromatic compounds . Isopropanol may be used in an amount of 0.1-13% by weight on the basis of total composition.

Isobutanol, though having somewhat feeble effect in the aspect of phase separation as compared to isopropanol, shows excellent effects in improving low temperature starting-up

(this is a disadvantage of ethanol fuel) , reducing excessive fuel consumption (this is a disadvantage of alcohols, in particular) , enhancing the fuel efficiency and reducing exhaust gas. In the fuel composition for internal combustion engines, it is particularly advantageous to incorporate isobutanol in the range from 0.1 to 12% by weight.

Rosin Acid used in the composition of the invention collectively refers organic acids contained in Rosin which are obtained by distillation of pine resin. Rosin Acid, being a valuable natural resin acid obtained from distillation of pine resin, can be hardly available from natural substances other than trees. From old times, pine resin has been used for painting ships to prevent corrosion; for preventing slipping on strings of a stringed instrument. In most cases, pine resin is modified for various use. The chemical structures of resin acids comprise chemically active double bond(s) .

Those double bonds raise reactions between the molecules of the same resin acid or between the resin acid and other compounds (for example, maleic acid) to produce so-called polymerized Rosin. Since the double bonds result in instability of resin acid when exposed to air, resin acid is stabilized via hydrogen addition. The product is called as hydrogen added Rosin, and used for preparing synthetic resin, ink, or the like.

Rosin Acid, being a collective designation of organic acids obtained from distillation of pine resin, comprises abietic acid, neoabietic acid, levopimaric acid, hydroabietic acid, pimaric acid, dextonic acid, palustric acid, or the like. The fuel composition according to the invention may also comprise turpentine oil that is a naturally originated vegetable oil. When being used in an appropriate amount, lubrication of an engine is facilitated to enhance the fuel efficiency. Turpentine oil is refined colorless oil obtained by application of steam to pine resin. Turpentine may be natural pine resin obtained from leaching of wounds on stems of natural pine tree. A small amount of turpentine oil can be obtained by even direct distillation of pine branches with steam. Besides, it can be obtained by distilling pine oil to refine the oil components, which is then distillated again. In natural pine resin, up to approximately 20% of turpentine oil is contained. It is widely used as a solvent for ointments, paints, shoe polishes, rubbers or waterproof agents. While turpentine oil has characteristic odor, and generates carbon monoxide upon burning, it is sufficiently valuable material as fuel for internal combustion engines at present, when fossil fuels are getting depleted all over the world. If the component of bioethanol, ethanol, methanol or a mixture thereof is used in an increased amount in the total fuel composition, it is beneficial that generation of carbon monoxide exhausted from turpentine oil can be reduced. When using alcohols as fuel for internal combustion engines, the higher alcohol content results in higher fuel consumption. This phenomenon can be overcome when using turpentine oil in an amount within the range of not more than 5% by weight as the fuel efficiency enhancer. The reason is that, turpentine oil is a lipophilic oil component which can replace excess fuel consumption, as considering that use of isobutanol (the most lipophilic one among Ci-C₄ alcohols) in a significant amount results in increase of fuel efficiency. Further, turpentine oil is particularly advantageous in that it is able to prevent phase separation, though being weak. It has advantage as an alternative fuel originated from plants for petroleum when being used in a small amount, while it has disadvantage of somewhat more discharge of carbon monoxide upon combustion as compared to other fuel compositions, as described above.

The fuel composition according to the present invention may further comprise aromatic hydrocarbon for the purpose of increasing fuel efficiency.

Examples of aromatic hydrocarbon include mixtures of aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of two or more components selected from ethyl benzene, l-methyl-3-ethylbenzene, 1,3,5- trimethylbenzene, 1, 2, 4-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,3- trimethylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, propylbenzene , cumene, 1- ethyl-2-methylbenzene, indane, l-ethyl-2, 4-dimethylbenzene, 1- methyl-3-ethylbenzene, naphthalene, naphthalene derivatives, indane and indane derivatives. Specifical examples are those which are commercially available in the common name of Aromatic 100 (from ExxonMobil), HiSoI 10 (from Ashland Inc.), Kocosol 100 (from SK) , or Techsol 100 (from GS Caltex) , polyethylbenzine, Heavy Aromatic Naphtha, High Flash Aromatic, or Shellsol R, or the like. In particular, a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons is used to improve autoignition and fuel efficiency. If the content is less than 1% by weight, desired level of improvement in fuel efficiency cannot be expected, while the content is more than 19% by weight, caloric value upon combustion is restricted to result in much soot.

Conventional anti-corrosive agent may be additionally employed in the fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to the invention in order to prevent corrosion of the internal combustion engines. The anti- corrosive agent may be appropriately selected from those suggested in disclosed references, including aminophenol, alkyl amine, potassium sorbate, ethylene glycol acetate, used alone or in a combination. The anti-corrosive agent is preferably used in an amount of 0.05-5% by weight. If the amount is less than 0.05% by weight, sufficient anti-corrosive effect desired cannot be achieved, while if the amount is more than 5% by weight, the economical efficiency and effect as an alternative fuel containing the anti-corrosive agent cannot be appreciated.

According to the embodiment of the invention employing bioethanol, the component itself may serve as an octane number enhancer, so that a high octane number may be obtained without using MTBE that has been classified as a conventional environmental pollutant. Nevertheless, by considering the particular circumstances of each country, some MTBE, ETBE, or a mixture thereof may be added. When using an octane number enhancer, it is used in an amount from 1 to 17% by weight on the basis of total composition. Preferably the amount is from 4 to 8% by weight in summer, while from 8 to 12% by weight in winter.

Further, in the fuel composition according to the invention, methanol may be mixed in an amount of 0.1~85% by weight with respect to ethanol, bioethanol or a mixture thereof as component a) . However, in case that methanol is used alone, the engine performance may be lowered with concerns of generation of formaldehyde and corrosion, as compared to the case using ethanol. Thus, methanol is to be used as a mixture with ethanol, bioethanol or a mixture to be helpful to enhance the performance . Ethanol contained in the fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to the invention can be synthetic ethanol having the purity of not less than 95%. When using higher purity of ethanol, the concerns such as incomplete combustion and engine corrosion may be minimized. However, since absolute ethanol is expensive, the amount added affects the economical efficiency of the fuel. In order to overcome the disadvantage of synthetic ethanol, bioethanol extracted from nature may be used. Bioethanol, as used according to the invention, may be obtained from converting the carbohydrates contained in a biomass (corn, Helianthus tuberosus, cassava, etc.) to sugar, or directly extracting from sugarcane or sugar beet; and fermenting the sugar obtained. When using bioethanol in the fuel composition of the invention, it is particularly preferable because it provides additional effect of sufficiently increasing the octane number even without using an octane number enhancer such as MTBE. The fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to the invention reduces air polluting discharge. In case of using bioethanol, particularly, the novel biofuel for internal combustion engines can overcome the problems of exhaust gas and environmental pollution including subterraneal water pollution or soil pollution (both are serious problems raising all over the world at present) , and replace the octane number enhancer (representatively, MTBE) . Thus, another aspect of the present invention relates to a process for reducing the waste discharge of internal combustion engines and a novel octane number enhancer. The fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to the invention may be used alone or a mixture with a conventionally known fuel for internal combustion engines.

According to another embodiment of the invention, biodiesel may be added to individual inventive embodiments in an amount of 0.01-85% by weight of the total composition. Though biodiesel is commonly used in a diesel engine, when it is used in a gasoline engine in a small amount, lubrication action is facilitated to achieve excellent effect of enhancing fuel efficiency and increasing the lifetime of engine, as compared to the fuel using conventional gasoline. However, when an excessive amount of biodiesel is used, it is disadvantageous since biodiesel is agglomerated to clog the oil filter of a vehicle, to lower the starting-up, and to reduce the engine power. However, in case of diesel engine, biodiesel may be employed in the above range since the power is generated from compressive explosion.

According to still another embodiment of the invention, one or more alcohol (s) selected from Ci-C₄ alcohols may be used in individual embodiments of the invention. In case of a diesel engine, use of such alcohol in a small amount provides advantages of increasing oxygen content to enhance explosive power and reducing the exhaust gas . The amount of alcohol to be used is not more than 5% by weight. When an alcohol is applied, an appropriate amount of the components having higher carbon number should be used to maximize the effect. This also makes a noticeable advantage of the present invention.

In addition, the fuel composition additionally comprises, if necessary, one or more component (s) selected from 1-43% by weight of kerosene, 1-32% by weight of HiSene (Derivative fuel oil No.l produced from Samsung Total Petrochemicals Co., Ltd.) and 1-36% by weight of Hi-nine (Derivative fuel oil No.2 produced from Samsung Total Petrochemicals Co., Ltd.). HiSene is a by-product generated during the course of producing a petrochemical product from Naphtha and the condensate as raw materials in a petrochemical plant, which comprises heavy- components having from 9 to 18 carbon atoms. It is registered as Derivative fuel oil No.l on the basis of the Petroleum and Alternative Fuel Act according to Korean Standards (KS) . In the industrial field, it is commonly referred to as HiSene.

Hi-nine (C9+) also is a by-product generated during the course of producing a petrochemical product from Naphtha as a raw material in a petrochemical plant, which is registered as Derivative fuel oil No.2. HiSene and Hi-nine are advantageous in that they are by-products but utilized as alternative fuel for internal combustion engines. Moreover, Hi-nine, in particular, may be used without any restriction by temperature

(especially in winter time) , having the flow point of -50^°C . In addition, Hi-nine has only low content of sulfur so that little sulfur oxides (SO_x) may be discharged in the exhaust gas upon combustion.

To the fuel composition according to the invention, C₅-C₄₀ petroleum hydrocarbon components, more preferably substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₂₆ aliphatic alkane or alicyclic alkane component can be arbitrarily and independently added in an amount of 1-85% by weighty—if required.—More specifically, the fuel composition for internal combustion engines comprises the component essentially consisting of C₅-C₄₀ alkanes, derivatives of such alkanes having Ci-C₂ alkyl side chains, and derivatives of C₅-C₆ cyclic compound wherein the hydrogen (s) is (are) substituted by Ci-C₂ aklyl group (s) .

The fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to the invention can directly replace a fuel for internal combustion engines. The fuel composition for internal combustion engines can be used as a mixture with gasoline or diesel oil. This constitutes another subject of the invention. The fuel composition according to the invention can be also used as an alternative fuel or an additive for gasoline. Being used as an additive, the fuel composition according to the present invention can provide excellent effect in terms of fuel efficiency, power performance, exhaust gas and noise as compared to conventional gasoline, regardless of the content based on total gasoline (100% by weight) .

Examples

Examples are described for more specific explanation of the present invention, but the invention is not limited to those Examples .

Evaluation of fuel composition Evaluation of the fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to the invention was performed according to the method of European evaluation method (ECE15+EUDC) , the same method as described in Korean Patent Registration No. 100525362. Fuel for comparison was lead-free gasoline of octane number #93. Fuel compositions from Example 1 to Example 6 according to the present invention were used. By using an automobile of JETTA FWlδOCix from VOLKSWAGEN equipped with an ATK engine, evaluations and analyses were performed according to the Measurement GB18352.22001 (Method for measuring exhaust gas upon driving) , GB/T384593 (Method for measuring exhaust gas upon starting-up) , GB/T1254390 (Method for measuring power performance of an automobile) , and GB14952002 (Method for measuring noise outside the automobile at the time of high-speed driving) . After injection of the fuel and driving the automobile to a distance of 200 km, measured were exhaust gas upon idling (twice) , exhaust gas during driving (once) , fuel economy (once) , power performance (once) and noise (once) .

[Table 1] Specification of the vehicle tested

[Table 2] Experimental instruments and devices for test

10 Thermometer SY ONO

Convection Manufacturer,

Japan

11 Table of direction and DEM51 Manufacturer of velocity of wind by- a Instruments in magnetic sensor ChangChun

The results evaluated from component analysis of gasoline and the fuel composition according to the present invention by Korea Institute of Petrolium Quality (Kipeq) on the basis of standards for quality of gasoline, are shown in Table 3:

[Table 3]

As a result of component analysis by Korea Institute of Petrolium Quality (Kipeq) , the fuel composition according to the present invention had high octane number (98.8) without separately adding an octane number enhancer. In particular, the sulfur content was noticeably reduced, while benzene (being critically harmful to human body) was not detected. This is another advantage of the present invention.

Individual components were mixed together according to the compositions described below to prepare fuel compositions for internal combustion engines of the present invention. The fuels were subjected to the performance tests, of which the results are listed in Tables below. [Example 1]

1) 47% by weight of hydrocarbon solvent, Kixxsol (from GS Caltex)

2) 18% by weight of toluene

3) 2% by weight of aromatic hydrocarbon mixture, Techsol 100 (from GS Caltex)

4) 2% by weight of Butyl Cellosolve 5) 15% by weight of bioethanol

6) 1% by weight of Ethyl Cellosolve

7) 1% by weight of isopropanol

8) 3% by weight of isobutanol

9) 4% by weight of MTBE 10) 2% by weight of kerosene 11) 2% by weight of HiSene

12) 1% by weight of Hi-nine

13) 2% by weight of turpentine oil [Example 2] Evaluations of performance were carried out according to the same method as described in Example 1, but with a mixed fuel prepared by mixing 10% by weight of the fuel composition of Example 1 with 90% by weight of 93# lead-free gasoline. The results are shown in the Tables below. [Example 3]

Evaluations of performance were carried out according to the same method as described in Example I₇ but with a mixed fuel prepared by mixing 40% by weight of the fuel composition of Example 1 with 60% by weight of 93# lead-free gasoline. The results are shown in the Tables below. [Comparative Example 1]

Evaluations of performance were carried out according to the same method as described in Example 1, but using 93# lead- free gasoline instead of the fuel composition according to Example 1. The results are shown in the Tables below. [Comparative Example 2]

The same procedure was carried out as described in Example I₇ but using methanol instead of bioethanol . The performances are listed in Tables below. [Example 4] Evaluations of performance were carried out for a fuel composition having the same composition as in Example 1, but comprising 8% by weight of toluene and 10% by weight of xylene. The results of evaluations of performance were listed in Table below.

[Example 5]

Evaluations of performance were carried out for a fuel composition having the same composition as in Example 1, but comprising ETBE instead of MTBE, and Rosin Acid derivatives instead of Hi-nine. As a result, the fuel composition according to the present invention showed very good effect in terms of output of power and starting-up.

[Example 6]

The same fuel composition having the same composition ratio as in Example 1 was employed, but using 46.5% by weight of hydrocarbon solvent and 0.5% by weight of biodiesel. As a result, reduction in exhaust gas and improvement in fuel efficiency were noticeable.

[Table 4] Test results of exhaust gas during idling of JETTA (VOLKSWAGEN) automobile

According to the measurement of exhaust gas according to the method of GB18352.22001, no increase of exhaust gas was found after 200 km of driving as compared to the exhaust gas at the time of idling. Thus, there was no pollution in exhaust gas at the time of idling, for both cases.

[Table 5] Test results of discharge of pollutant and economical efficiency of fuel in JETTA (VOLKSWAGEN) automobile

Example 5 0.07 0.67 0.14 8.38

Example 6 0 .06 0 .64 0. 12 8 .35

As can be seen from the Tables above, pollutant was reduced by average 42.86%, and the fuel consumption by 8.25%, in case of the composition of Example 1 (containing bioethanol) as compared to that of Comparative Example 1 (lead-free gasoline) .

The pollutant was reduced by average 41.42%, and the fuel consumption by 8.14%, in case of the composition of Example 6 (containing biodiesel and bioethnol) as compared to Comparative Example 1 (lead-free gasoline) .

[Table 6] Test results of power performance of JETTA (VOLKSWAGEN) automobile (unit: sec)

As can be seen from the Table, the time required for acceleration to 4th or 5th speed after driving the distance of 200 km, when using bioethanol alone (Example 1) ,a mixture of bioethanol and biodiesel (Example 6) , is much shorter than that required in case of using common #93 gasoline (Comparative Example 1) .

Measurement of noise at accelerated driving of JETTA (VOLKSVAGEN) automobile [Table 7]

(1) Test results after driving 200 km in Comparative Example 1

[Table 8 ]

(2) Test results after driving 200 km in Example 1

[Table 9]

(3) Test results after driving 200 km in Example 2

[Table 10] (4) Test results after driving 200 km in Example 3

[Table 11]

(5) Test results after driving 200 km in Example 4

[Table 12]

(6) Test results after driving 200 km in Example 5

[Table 13 ]

(7) Test results after driving 200 km in Example 6

As can be seen from the results of noise measurement, the fuel composition according to the invention provided excellent effect of reducing noise on the whole. [industrial Applicability]

The fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to the invention, as being applied as a fuel for an internal combustion engine, showed prominent effect of reducing the production and discharge of air pollutant from the environmental point of view, as compared to conventional gasoline fuel. Moreover, from the viewpoint of energy efficiency, the fuel composition of the invention showed excellent economical efficiency and power performance as compared to conventional fuel for internal combustion engines, while reducing the noise generated.

Claims

[CLAIMS]

[Claim l]

A fuel composition for internal combustion engines, which comprises a) 0.1-85% by weight of bioethanol, ethanol or a mixture thereof, and b) 1-75% by weight of hydrocarbon. [Claim 2]

A fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to claim 1, which further comprises one or more component (s) selected from a) 0.01-20% by weight of butane derivatives, b) 0.01-30% by weight of pentane derivatives, c) 0.01-40% by weight of hexane derivatives, d) 0.01-45% by weight of benzene derivatives and e) 0.01-20% by weight of heptane derivatives, on the basis of total weight of the fuel composition.

[Claim 3]

A fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to claim 1, wherein said hydrocarbon solvent comprises C₄-Ci₅ paraffin hydrocarbon as the main component.

[Claim 4]

A fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to claim 1, which further comprises one or more component (s) selected from 1-85% by weight of C₅-C₄₀ aliphatic alkane or alicyclic alkane, 0.01-85% by weight of biodiesel, 1-43% by weight of kerosene, 1-32% by weight of HiSene, 1-36% by weight of Hi-nine and 0.01-5% by weight of lubricant base oil.

[Claim 5]

A fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to claim 1, which further comprises 0.1-5% by weight of turpentine oil.

[Claim 6]

A fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to claim 1, which further comprises 0.1-3% by weight of acetone . [Claim 7]

A fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to claim 1, which further comprises 1-17% by weight of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) , ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) or a mixture thereof, as an octane number enhancer.

[Claim 8]

A fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to claim 1, which further comprises 1-19% by weight of aromatic hydrocarbon mixture.

[Claim 9] A fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to claim 1, which further comprises 0.1-85% by weight of methanol on the basis of total weight of the composition (100% by weight) .

[Claim lθ] A fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to claim 1, which further comprises one or more component (s) selected from 0.1-9% by weight of Butyl Cellosolve, 0.1-11% by weight of Ethyl Cellosolve, 0.001-6% by weight of Rosin derivative or Rosin Acid Compound, 0.1-13% by weight of isopropanol and 0.1-12% by weight of isobutanol, as a phase separation preventor.

[Claim ll]

A fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to any one of claims 2 to 4, which further comprises one or more component (s) selected from 0.1-9% by weight of Butyl Cellosolve, 0.1-11% by weight of Ethyl Cellosolve, 0.001-6% by weight of Rosin derivative or Rosin Acid Compound, 0.1-13% by weight of isopropanol and 0.1-12% by weight of isobutanol, as a phase separation preventor.

[Claim 12]

A fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to any one of claims 2 to 4, which further comprises 1-19% by weight of aromatic hydrocarbon mixture.

[Claim 13] A fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to any one of claims 2 to 4, which further comprises 1-17% by weight of MTBE, ETBE or a mixture thereof, as an octane number enhancer .

[Claim 14] A fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , which further comprises 0.05-5% by weight of anti-corrosive agent, on the basis of total weight of the fuel composition.

[Claim 15] A fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , which further comprises 0.1-5% by weight of turpentine oil.

[Claim 16]

A fuel composition for internal combustion engines according to any one of claims 2 to 4 , which further comprises 0.1-85% by weight of methanol, on the basis of total weight of the fuel composition (100 % by weight) .

[Claim 17]

An alternative fuel for internal combustion engines which comprises the fuel composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10 alone, or as a mixture with conventional fuel for internal combustion fuel or an alcohol fuel.