RU2817991C1 - Multifunctional diesel fuel additive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: organic chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to organic chemistry, more specifically to petrochemistry and oil refining. Disclosed is a multifunctional diesel fuel additive containing, wt.%: 20 of 50% concentrate of alkenyl succinimide in industrial oil and unreacted polyisobutene; 10 of tall oil fatty acids; 60 of 2-ethylhexylnitrate or butylnitrate; 10 of dearomatised hydrocarbon fraction boiling in range of 190–240 °C.

EFFECT: invention provides improved operational characteristics of diesel fuel, namely improved lubricity and increased cetane number.

1 cl, 1 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to oil refining and petrochemistry and can be used as an additive to diesel fuels.

There are known additives containing distilled acids of tall oil or fatty acids isolated from it in a mixture with various solvents [RU 2410414, 2011], [RU 2267518, 2006], polyethylene polyamine and technical alkyl-(C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ )-salicylic acids [RU 2529648, 2014], compositions of unsaturated fatty acids [RU 2332442].

The disadvantage of these additives is poor compatibility with water and engine oil. This requirement is mandatory for fuels containing anti-wear additives. In addition, most of these additives in ultra-low sulfur fuels are not very effective.

Close to the claimed one in composition and purpose is an additive that is a composition of tall oil fatty acids with propylene pentamers in a mass ratio of components (3-9):1 [RU 2289612, C10L 1/18, C10L 1/08, C10L 1/16, 12/20/2006].

A disadvantage of the known composition is the unsatisfactory compatibility of the fuel containing it with water.

The additive closest to the claimed one is [RU 2634726, C1, C10L 1/08, 03.11.2017], containing fatty acids of tall oil, and methyl alkyl esters C ₅ -C ₆ , with the following ratio of components, wt. %:

tall oil fatty acids 80-90 methyl alkyl ethers C ₅ -C ₆ 10-20

The disadvantage of the closest technical solution is the relatively low level of lubricity and relatively narrow functionality, limited by the ability to impart only this ability to the fuel.

The objective of the present invention is to create an additive that improves the performance characteristics of diesel fuel, namely, improving lubricity and increasing the cetane number.

The required technical result is to improve the performance characteristics of diesel fuel.

The problem is solved, and the required technical result is achieved by the fact that the additive containing tall oil fatty acids, according to the invention , additionally contains a 50% alkenyl succinimide concentrate in industrial oil and unreacted polyisobutene, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate or butyl nitrate and a dearomatized hydrocarbon fraction that boils away within 190-240°C in the following ratios, wt. %:

50% alkenyl succinimide concentrate in industrial oil and unreacted polyisobutene 20 tall oil fatty acids 10 2-ethylhexyl nitrate or butyl nitrate 60

dearomatized fraction of hydrocarbons, boiling within 190-240°C 10

In addition, the required technical result is achieved by using a multifunctional diesel fuel additive in an amount of 500 mg/kg to the amount of fuel.

Let's look at examples of the manufacture and use of a multifunctional diesel fuel additive.

To illustrate the proposed technical solution, additive samples were prepared using a succinimide additive, which is a 50% concentrate of alkenyl succinimide in industrial oil and unreacted polyisobutene, tall oil fatty acids, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate or butyl nitrate, a dearomatized hydrocarbon fraction boiling in the range of 190-240 °C.

To evaluate the performance properties of the additive, diesel fuel grade DT-L-K5 grade C was taken.

Example 1. Preparation of a multifunctional diesel fuel additive (MFP1).

To 60 g of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, add 20 g of succinimide additive, 10 g of tall oil fatty acids and 10 g of dearomatized hydrocarbon fraction, boiling in the range of 190-240°C, and stir for 30 minutes at a temperature of 25°C. The resulting solution is a multifunctional diesel fuel additive.

Example 2. Preparation of a multifunctional diesel fuel additive (MFP2).

Carry out similarly to example 1, but instead of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, butyl nitrate is taken.

The samples were tested using methods included in the Russian set of methods for qualifying diesel fuels.

The results of testing additive samples for various performance characteristics of diesel fuel are presented in Table 1.

Table 1 No. Indicator name Standard according to GOST 32511-2013 (EN 590:2009) Value for DT-L-K5 grade C Value for DT-L-K5 grade C + MFP1 Value for DT-L-K5 grade C + MFP2 1 Cetane number not less than 51.0 51.0 52.1 51.9 2 Cetane index not less than 46.0 50.2 50.1 50.0 3 Density at 15 °C, kg/m³ 820.0 - 845.0 829.1 829.3 829.3 4 Lubricity: corrected wear scar diameter (wsd 1.4) at 60°C, µm no more than 460 440 410 415 5 Kinematic viscosity at 40°С, mm²/s 2,000 - 4,500 2,648 2.657 2,666 6 Limit temperature of filterability, °C no higher than minus 5 -13 -13 -13 7 Fractional composition: distilled at a temperature of 250°C, % vol. less than 65 42 42 42 distilled at a temperature of 350°C, % vol. no higher than 360 94 94 94 95% vol. distilled at temperature, °C no higher than 360 255 255 255 8 Mass fraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, % no more than 8.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 9 Mass fraction of sulfur, mg/kg no more than 10.0 less than 5.0 less than 5.0 less than 5.0 10 Flash point determined in a closed crucible, °C above 55 60 60 60 eleven Coking capacity of 10% distillation residue, wt.% no more than 0.3 less than 0.1 less than 0.1 less than 0.1 12 Ash content, wt.% no more than 0.01 0.003 0.003 0.003 13 Mass fraction of water, mg/kg no more than 200 60 60 60 14 Total pollution, mg/kg no more than 24 less than 12 less than 12 less than 12 15 Copper plate corrosion (3 hours at 50°C) class 1 class 1 class 1 class 1 16 Oxidative stability: total amount of sediment, g/m³ no more than 25 8 8 8

Thus, the additive samples exhibit good compatibility with diesel fuel and provide improved fuel performance with these additives.

When the resulting MFP1 and MFP2 additives are introduced into diesel fuel in an amount of 500 mg/kg, the lubricity is improved and the cetane number increases.

However, when the concentration of additive components exceeds the specified ratios by 5% or more, they reduce performance indicators or create instability and stratification of the fuel during storage.

As follows from the results presented above, the proposed additive fully satisfies the requirements for additives of this type and improves the performance characteristics of the fuel.

Claims (5)

Multifunctional additive for diesel fuel containing fatty acids of tall oil, characterized in that a 50% alkenyl succinimide concentrate in industrial oil and unreacted polyisobutene, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate or butyl nitrate and a dearomatized hydrocarbon fraction boiling within 190-240°C are additionally added. following ratios wt.%: 50% alkenyl succinimide concentrate in industrial oil and unreacted polyisobutene – 20 fatty acids of tall oil – 10 2-ethylhexyl nitrate or butyl nitrate – 60. dearomatized fraction of hydrocarbons, boiling within the range of 190-240°C – 10.