CN103904309B - 一种含镍钛锰的固溶体材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种含镍钛锰的固溶体材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103904309B
CN103904309B CN201210568079.9A CN201210568079A CN103904309B CN 103904309 B CN103904309 B CN 103904309B CN 201210568079 A CN201210568079 A CN 201210568079A CN 103904309 B CN103904309 B CN 103904309B
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王晓清
杨建英
殷昊曦
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Tianjin Polytechnic University
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Abstract

本发明是一种用于锂离子电池正极材料的岩盐结构固溶体材料,属于锂离子电池正极材料应用技术领域,其具有以下分子式组成:0.4NiO‑0.6Li2Ti1‑xMnxO3,其中,0.3≤x≤0.8。该种固溶体材料的结构特征是无序的岩盐结构,该种材料电压适用范围在2.5V‑4.8V,与目前报道的固溶体材料相比,该材料具有较好的热稳定性,且材料大规模制造成本低廉,制造工艺可重复性高,适合大型电池的需要。

Description

一种含镍钛锰的固溶体材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于锂离子电池正极材料技术领域,特别涉及一种固溶体锂离子电池用正极材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
锂离子电池是继铅酸电池、镍镉电池以及镍氢电池之后新一代二次电池。在全球面临石油资源的持续紧缺和环境不断恶化的今天,锂离子电池由于具有容量高、循环寿命长,自放电小,无记忆效应,无环境污染和安全性能好等优点,已经成为高新技术发展的重点之一,被认为是高容量、大功率电池的理想之选,是21世纪的环保电源。可充电锂离子电池自1990年开始商业化以来,其应用范围被不断拓展,从移动电话、笔记本电脑等便携式电子设备领域到电动汽车以及未来的航空航天、人造卫星等诸多领域都将得到广泛应用。目前,人们已经开始致力于研究新型的可充电锂离子电池,可供混合动力电动汽车、可充电混合动力车和纯电动车辆等交通工具使用,从而减少对石油的依赖和缓解空气污染。要满足这种应用,锂离子电池须具备高的功率密度、高的能量密度、好的循环性能和热稳定性。从根本上讲,正极材料作为锂离子电池的最重要组成部分,是锂离子储能器件发展的关键。固溶体材料锂离子正极材料是目前的研究热点。但是一般的固溶体材料热稳定性差,用于大型锂离子电池安全问题成为隐患,无法正常使用于大型的动力电池中,这严重制约了固溶体材料的应用范围。
发明内容
为了解决固溶体材料的热稳定性问题,我们发明了一种新型固溶体材料0.4NiO-0.6Li2Ti1-xMnxO3其中,0.3≤x≤0.8,该材料展示出了很好的电化学性能和高的循环稳定性。我们认为这种固溶体材料具有:(1)材料有一个稳定的电化学惰性Li2TiO3类似的框架结构;(2)Mn的掺杂加固了材料的结构稳定性;(3)材料形成了纳米尺寸颗粒。这些原因的共同作用,提高了固溶体材料的热稳定性,增加了该种材料商业化的可能。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明涉及到的技术方案如下:
本发明一种用于锂离子电池正极材料的岩盐结构的固溶体材料,具有以下分子式组成:0.4NiO-0.6Li2Ti1-xMnxO3其中,0.3≤x≤0.8。
本发明一种用于锂离子电池正极材料的岩盐结构固溶体材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将镍盐,锰盐和锂盐的可溶性盐溶于去离子水中,按金属离子总量与络合剂的摩尔比为1∶1加入络合剂,再滴加入钛盐,使镍盐、钛盐、锂盐和锰盐的摩尔比为0.4∶0.6(1-x)∶1.2∶0.6x,其中0.3≤x≤0.8,搅拌使其充分混匀后,将其放入70℃的水浴锅中,缓慢搅拌蒸干水分,形成干凝胶;将干凝胶在空气中陈化20h,随后放在烘箱中110℃下干燥12h,取出后研磨成粉末成为该材料前驱体。
(2)将制得的前驱体先于400℃预烧4h,冷却后研磨,再在700℃下煅烧10h,待材料冷却后经研磨、过筛得到固溶体材料0.4NiO-0.6Li2Ti1-xMnxO3,其中,0.3≤x≤0.8
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明制备的固溶体材料结构为无序的岩盐结构,这种结构设计使固溶体材料的热稳定性有了极大的提高。并且由于该材料造成本低廉,制造工艺可重复性高,批次稳定性好,可以满足市场上对固溶体材料安全性的需求。
附图说明
图1实施例1的XRD图
图2实施例1的首次充放电曲线
图3实施例1的放电循环曲线
图4实施例1的首次充电后的DSC曲线
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例讲述本发明的详细过程,提供实施例是为了理解的方便,绝不是限制本发明。
实施例1:
将5.2g乙酸镍,3.8g乙酸锰和6.3g乙酸锂溶于去离子水中,加入23.7g柠檬酸,慢慢滴入5.3g钛酸丁酯溶液,搅拌使其充分混匀后将其放入70℃的水浴锅中,缓慢搅拌蒸干水分,形成干凝胶,将干凝胶陈化20h后,在烘箱中110℃下干燥12h,取出后研磨成粉末成为前驱体。将前驱体先于400℃预烧4h,冷却后研磨,再在700℃下煅烧10h,待材料冷却后经研磨、过筛得到固溶体材料0.4NiO-0.6Li2Ti0.5Mn0.5O3。材料的XRD图(图1)显示材料为岩盐结构固溶体材料,未发现其他杂相存在。材料的常温下首次充放电图中(图2)可以看到,材料在2.5-4.8V下,0.1C的首次充电比容量为193.6mAh/g,首次放电比容量为124.4mAh/g。循环50周后,放电容量为94.4mAhg-1,容量保持率为76%(图3)。首次充电后的DSC曲线如图4所示,放热峰起峰温度较高,热稳定性能较其他固溶体材料高。
实施例2:
将5.2g乙酸镍,2.3g乙酸锰和6.4g乙酸锂溶于去离子水中,加入24g柠檬酸,缓慢滴入7.52g钛酸丁酯,搅拌使其充分混匀后将其放入70℃的水浴锅中,缓慢搅拌,蒸干水分,形成干凝胶,干凝胶陈化20h,将干凝胶在烘箱中110℃下干燥12h,取出后研磨成粉末成为前驱体。将前驱体先于400℃预烧4h,冷却后研磨,再在700℃下煅烧10h,待材料冷却后经研磨、过筛得到固溶体材料0.4NiO-0.6Li2Ti0.7Mn0.3O3。材料的XRD图显示材料为岩盐结构固溶体材料,未发现其他杂相存在。材料在常温下2.5-4.8V下0.1C的首次充电比容量为146mAh/g,首次放电比容量为76mAh/g。0.1C下,循环50周后,放电比容量为34.7mAh/g,放电容量保持率为46%,该材料具有优异的热稳定性。
实施例3:
将5.2g乙酸镍,5.9g乙酸锰和6.2g乙酸锂溶于去离子水中,加入23g柠檬酸,缓慢滴入2.1g钛酸丁酯搅拌使其充分混匀后将其放入70℃的水浴锅中,缓慢搅拌蒸干水分,形成干凝胶,干凝胶陈化20h,将干凝胶在烘箱中110℃下干燥12h,取出后研磨成粉末成为前驱体。将前驱体先于400℃预烧4h,冷却后研磨,再在700℃下煅烧10h,待材料冷却后经研磨、过筛得到固溶体材料0.4NiO-0.6Li2Ti0.2Mn0.8O3。材料的XRD图显示材料为岩盐结构固溶体材料,未发现其他杂相存在。材料在常温下2.5-4.8V下,0.1C时的首次充电比容量为125mAh/g,首次放电比容量为95.4mAh/g。0.1C下,循环50周后,放电比容量衰减为66.1mAh/g,放电容量保持率为70%,该材料具有优异的热稳定性.
综上所述,岩盐结构固溶体材料0.4NiO-0.6Li2Ti1-xMnxO3(0<x<1)虽然在常温放电容量方面与其他固溶体材料有一定差距,但是在热稳定性方面表现优异,由于其本身结构即为岩盐结构材料,所以在高温下相变基本不会发生,Li2TiO3的结构支撑作用得到了体现,其热稳定性得到较其他固溶体材料大为提高。该材料成本低廉,制造工艺可重复性高,批次稳定性好,便于生产管理等特点,可以满足市场上对热稳定性高的应用需求。
尽管上面结合图对本发明进行了描述,但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式,上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的,而不是限制性的,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下,在不脱离本发明宗旨的情况下,还可以作出很多变形,这些均属于本发明的保护之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于锂离子电池正极材料的固溶体材料的制备方法,所述方法的具体步骤如下:
(1)将镍盐,锰盐和锂盐的可溶性盐溶于去离子水中,按金属离子与络合剂的摩尔比为1∶1加入络合剂,再滴加入钛盐,使镍盐、钛盐、锂盐和锰盐的化学计量比比例为0.4∶0.6(1-x)∶1.2∶0.6x,其中0.3≤x≤0.8;搅拌使其充分混匀后,将其放入70℃的水浴锅中,缓慢搅拌蒸干水分,形成干凝胶,将干凝胶在空气中陈化20h,随后放在烘箱中110℃下干燥12h,取出后研磨成粉末成为该材料前驱体;
(2)将制得的前驱体先于400℃预烧4h,冷却后研磨,再在700℃下煅烧10h,待材料冷却后经研磨、过筛得到固溶体材料0.4NiO-0.6Li2Ti1-xMnxO3,其中,0.3≤x≤0.8。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述镍盐为乙酸盐。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述钛盐为钛酸丁酯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述锂盐为乙酸锂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述锰盐为乙酸锰。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述络合剂为柠檬酸。
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