CN103892043A - Ramie feed for herbivorous animals and preparation method of feed - Google Patents
Ramie feed for herbivorous animals and preparation method of feed Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to ramie feed for herbivorous animals. The ramie feed comprises the following components in percent by weight: 40%-70% of ramie grass powder, 8%-20% of leguminous forage grass, 8%-20% of gramineous forage grass or crop straw powder, 10%-20% of corn meal and/or soybean meal, 1%-4% of premix, 1%-2% of molasses, 0.3%-0.5% of salt and 1%-2% of grease. The ramie grass powder is formed by drying and crushing ramie stems and leaves. The ramie feed is suitable for the herbivorous animals such as cows, sheep, rabbits and gooses, and has the advantages that the proportion of grain materials in daily ration of the herbivorous animals can be effectively reduced, the culture process of matching of fine and coarse materials is eliminated, the production cost is reduced and the digestion rate of the herbivorous animals and the feed conversion rate can be increased, so that the daily gain is increased, further the dressing percentage is further improved, the fattening period is shortened, and the fattening effect of feed grain is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of animal feed, be specifically related to a kind of plant-eating animal ramie feed and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the raising of people's living standard, market proposes to produce more efficient, the safer requirement of product to aquaculture.But the expansion of cultivation scale causes feed grain consumption to surge, and has threatened the overall situation of grain security, and has badly influenced the lifting of culture benefit.Ox, support, the plant-eating animal such as rabbit, goose can efficiently utilize the physiological property of vegetable protein because of it, and is more and more subject to the attention of animal husbandry.The effective way that solves feed grain deficiency by making full use of herbage and crop material.In production, pay much attention to kind of a grass, but processing and the improvement of herbage are ignored, adopt the mode of Direct-fed, nutrition fiting effect is poor, livestock and poultry digest and assimilate not, feed conversion rate is low, a large amount of nutritional labelings are excreted external, both increase the weight of aquaculture cost, improved again the burden of environmental pollution improvement.
Pellet can, according to the nutritional need of the each growth and development stage of different plant-eating animals, be determined raw material smashing fineness and formula, improves utilization of nutrients.In pellet preparation process, be subject to the effect of temperature, moisture and extruding can significantly improve feed palatability, also there is lot of advantages simultaneously, as: kill entomogenous fungi, extend storage time; Reduce feed volume, reduce cost of transportation and storage space etc.Ramie be a kind of biological yield high, be rich in protein, lysine and calcareous herbaceos perennial.China utilizes ramie to do the with a long history of feed, but generally take search for food fresh leaf or cured leaf as main, in recent years also someone begin one's study ramie Sativa Silage Technology and TRM pellet based on numb leaf.But ramie leaf is gathered, cost of labor is too high, and the available blade amount in unit are soil is little, has limited intensive, large-scale production feed.Ramie Sativa Silage Technology has solved local use problem, but is limited to the water content of ensilage 50%-70%, long-distance transportation high cost.Produce a kind of technology that can utilize ramie whole hemp stalk preparation pellet of being badly in need of, effectively in conjunction with the feature of ramie high yield, high nutritive value with particulate material is balanced in nutrition, good palatability, high, the resistance to storage of conversion ratio, the just advantage of transportation, and then reduce feed grain consumption, promote the sustainable development of plant-eating animal aquaculture.
Summary of the invention
Based on China's current plant-eating animal aquaculture overview and ramie feedization research and development basis, the object of the invention is to develop a kind of plant-eating animal pellet take ramie whole hemp stalk grass meal as major ingredient and preparation method thereof.
To achieve these goals, plant-eating animal ramie feed provided by the invention, comprise following component by weight percentage: 40% ~ 70% ramie grass meal, 8% ~ 20% leguminous forage, 8% ~ 20% graminous pasture or crop material powder, 10% ~ 20% corn flour and/or dregs of beans, 1% ~ 4% premix, 1% ~ 2% molasses, 0.3% ~ 0.5% salt, 1% ~ 2% grease, add up to 100%; Ramie grass meal used is that ramie cauline leaf forms through super-dry, pulverizing.
Described ramie feed is preferably pellet.
Described ramie grass meal preferably cradles overground part in the time that Ramie Growth height is 40 ~ 80cm, is dried, pulverizes and obtain.Or after decorticating peeling, gained cauline leaf is dried, is pulverized and obtains in the time that Ramie Growth height is >80cm.Described dry moisture≤13% that is preferably dried to.
The preparation method of ramie feed for above-mentioned plant-eating animal, comprises the steps:
(1) raw material ramie grass meal, leguminous forage, graminous pasture or crop material powder, corn flour, dregs of beans and salt are pulverized, sieved, average particulate diameter is 0.5 ~ 3mm, mixes, stirs according to formula composition;
(2) add molasses, premix and grease, control mixture moisture content 15% ~ 20%;
(3) be granulation into particulate material;
(4) cooling, dry.
As improvement, also add appropriate antioxidant in step (2).
Step (3) dry be preferably dry to moisture weight percentage be 8% ~ 12%.
Find that after deliberation the ramie nutritional labeling difference of different harvesting heights adopts " No. 2, middle ramie " ramie complete stool nutrition Quality Analysis, in table 1.
Table 1
| Harvesting height | <60cm | 70cm | 80 cm | 100 cm | 120 cm |
| Crude protein (%) | 20.87-24.42 | 19.77 | 16.13 | 13.26 | 10.72 |
| Crude fat (%) | 5.36-7.03 | 4.09 | 3.55 | 4.21 | 3.07 |
| Coarse ash (%) | 11.57-15.44 | 10.27 | 9.92 | 11.66 | 12.26 |
| Calcium (%) | 3.60-4.07 | 2.96 | 3.41 | 3.51 | 3.47 |
| Phosphorus (%) | 0.23-0.27 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.25 |
Feed of the present invention is suitable for the plant-eating animals such as ox, sheep, rabbit, goose, can effectively reduce the ratio of grain raw material in plant-eating animal daily ration, can, on the basis of maintenance plant-eating animal production performance, significantly reduce grain consumption, and reduce aquaculture cost.Comprehensive nutrition, balanced ration structure, improves digestibility and the feed conversion rate of plant-eating animal, improves daily gain, further improves dressing percentage, shortens the cycle of fattening, reduces the fattening effect of feed grain consumption thereby reach.
The specific embodiment
The present invention's dregs of beans used, grease, molasses etc. can be buied from market.Grease can be edible soybean oil, for example animal fodder oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, ready-mixed oil.Crop material powder can be pulse family, powder of straw gramineous.Component used " 10% ~ 20% corn flour and/or dregs of beans ", can be 10% ~ 20% corn flour, or is 10% ~ 20% dregs of beans, or the mixture of corn flour and dregs of beans, and the two ratio is not had to specific (special) requirements.Premix is the compound premix of vitamin, trace element and mineral matter, has the product of plant-eating animals such as being suitable for respectively ox, sheep, rabbit, goose, and the product being well known to those skilled in the art, can directly buy from the market.Following embodiment compound premix used is according to containing zinc 5000-15000mg in per kilogram feed, iron 8000-75000mg, copper 500-2500mg, manganese is containing 4000-15000mg, selenium 10-50mg, cobalt 20-200mg, iodine 50-1000mg, vitamin A 400-1000KIU, neo dohyfral D3 80-400KIU, the ratio preparation of vitamin E 3 2400 mg.Below be weight percentage.The following stated is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not construed as limiting.
case study on implementation 1
In the implementation case, described plant-eating animal pellet is for beef cattle cultivation, this feed is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 40% ramie grass meal, 17% dry leguminous forage, 20% graminous pasture, 19% corn flour, 2.5% vitamin and mineral matter compound premix, 1.2% molasses, 0.3% salt, 1.5% ready-mixed oil.
Described ramie grass meal cradles overground part complete stool in the time that Ramie Growth height is 45-55cm, and airing is pulverized during to moisture≤13% and obtained.
Described plant-eating animal pellet makes by the following method:
(1) pulverize and mix: raw material ramie grass meal, leguminous forage, graminous pasture, corn flour, dregs of beans and salt are pulverized, sieved, and average particulate diameter is 0.5 ~ 3mm, in mixer, mixing, stir according to formula composition;
(2) modified: to add molasses, premix and ready-mixed oil and appropriate antioxidant, prevent spoiled by rancid oil or fatly, control mixture moisture content 15% ~ 20%;
(3) granulate: adopt granulator direct pressing to become particulate material the compound after pulverizing, mix, stirring evenly, ring membrane aperture is generally 8mm;
(4) cooling, dry and store: cooling particulate material, and pack is stored while drying to moisture 8% ~ 12%.
The plant-eating animal pellet of the present embodiment is fed and is fattened feeder cattle and can obtain the effect of significantly fattening synergy.Test shows, scale of feeding according to every ox 6-8kg every day pellet cultivates, fed through 110 days, the pellet experimental group of feeding is than control group (the Pu Ruina beef ox fattening material 3610 of beef cattle weight 1%, mixed feed) many weightening finishes 17.0%, average daily gain can reach 1.68kg/d(in table 2), there is significant fattening effect and economic benefit.
table 2
| ? | Initial weight | End is heavy | Full phase weightening finish | Daily gain |
| Control group | 259.68±4.48 | 418.17±6.65 | 158.49±3.17 | 1.44±0.13 |
| Test group | 269.42±4.70 | 454.85±5.03 | 185.43±2.64 | 1.68±0.22 |
case study on implementation 2
In the implementation case, described plant-eating animal pellet is for the cultivation of meat goose, this feed is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 55% ramie grass meal, 13% dry leguminous forage, 13% gramineous crop powder of straw, 15% dregs of beans, 2.6% vitamin and mineral matter compound premix, 1.1% molasses, 0.3% salt, 1.6% ready-mixed oil.
Described ramie grass meal in the time that Ramie Growth height is 145-155cm after decorticating peeling, is pulverized when gained cauline leaf is dried to moisture≤13% and is obtained;
Described plant-eating animal pellet makes by the following method:
(1) pulverize and mix: raw material ramie grass meal, leguminous forage, crop material powder, corn flour, dregs of beans and salt are pulverized, sieved, and average particulate diameter is 0.5 ~ 3mm, in mixer, mixing, stir according to formula composition;
(2) modified: to add molasses, premix and ready-mixed oil and appropriate antioxidant, control mixture moisture content 15% ~ 20%;
(3) granulate: adopt granulator direct pressing to become particulate material the compound after pulverizing, mix, stirring evenly, ring membrane aperture is generally 8mm;
(4) cooling, dry and store: cooling particulate material, and pack is stored while drying to moisture 8% ~ 12%.
case study on implementation 3
In the implementation case, described plant-eating animal pellet is for mutton sheep cultivation, this feed is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 64% ramie grass meal, 10% dry leguminous forage, 10% graminous pasture, 10% corn flour, the 1:1 mixture of dregs of beans, 3.5% vitamin and mineral matter compound premix, 2% molasses, 0.5% salt, 2% grease.
Described ramie grass meal cradles overground part complete stool in the time that Ramie Growth height is 70-80cm, and simple airing post-drying is pulverized during to moisture≤13% and obtained.
Described plant-eating animal pellet makes by the following method:
(1) pulverize and mix: raw material ramie grass meal, leguminous forage, crop material powder, corn flour, dregs of beans and salt are pulverized, sieved, and average particulate diameter is 0.5 ~ 3mm, in mixer, mixing, stir according to formula composition;
(2) modified: to add molasses, premix and grease and appropriate antioxidant, control mixture moisture content 15% ~ 20%;
(3) granulate: adopt granulator direct pressing to become particulate material the compound after pulverizing, mix, stirring evenly, ring membrane aperture is generally 8mm;
(4) cooling, dry and store: cooling particulate material, and pack is stored while drying to moisture 8% ~ 12%.
Claims (9)
1. a plant-eating animal ramie feed, comprise following component by weight percentage: 40% ~ 70% ramie grass meal, 8% ~ 20% leguminous forage, 8% ~ 20% graminous pasture or crop material powder, 10% ~ 20% corn flour and/or dregs of beans, 1% ~ 4% premix, 1% ~ 2% molasses, 0.3% ~ 0.5% salt, 1% ~ 2% grease, add up to 100%; Ramie grass meal used is that ramie cauline leaf forms through super-dry, pulverizing.
2. plant-eating animal ramie feed according to claim 1, is characterized in that described ramie feed is pellet.
3. plant-eating animal ramie feed according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that described ramie grass meal is in the time that Ramie Growth height is 40 ~ 80cm, to cradle overground part, is dried, pulverizes and obtain.
4. plant-eating animal ramie feed according to claim 3, is characterized in that being dried to moisture≤13%.
5. plant-eating animal ramie feed according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that described ramie grass meal is after decorticating peeling, gained cauline leaf to be dried, to be pulverized and obtains in the time that Ramie Growth height is >80cm.
6. plant-eating animal ramie feed according to claim 5, is characterized in that being dried to moisture≤13%.
7. the described plant-eating animal of one of a claim 1-6 preparation method for ramie feed, comprises the steps:
(1) raw material ramie grass meal, leguminous forage, graminous pasture or crop material powder, corn flour, dregs of beans and salt are pulverized, sieved, average particulate diameter is 0.5 ~ 3mm, mixes, stirs according to formula composition;
(2) add molasses, premix and grease, control mixture moisture content 15% ~ 20%;
(3) be granulation into particulate material;
(4) cooling, dry.
8. the preparation method of ramie feed for plant-eating animal according to claim 7, is characterized in that also adding appropriate antioxidant in step (2).
9. the preparation method with ramie feed according to plant-eating animal described in claim 7 or 8, it is characterized in that step (3) be dried for dry to moisture weight percentage be 8% ~ 12%.
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| CN201410144366.6A CN103892043B (en) | 2014-04-11 | 2014-04-11 | A kind of plant-eating animal ramie feed and preparation method thereof |
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| CN201410144366.6A CN103892043B (en) | 2014-04-11 | 2014-04-11 | A kind of plant-eating animal ramie feed and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103892043B CN103892043B (en) | 2015-08-12 |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104171676A (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2014-12-03 | 福建省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | Feed for improving fertility of goat |
| CN104431430A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-03-25 | 内蒙古东达生物科技有限公司 | Feed |
| CN105410384A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-03-23 | 四川省巴中市向往科技开发有限公司 | Chinese herbal medicine feed and preparation process thereof |
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| CN105410384A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-03-23 | 四川省巴中市向往科技开发有限公司 | Chinese herbal medicine feed and preparation process thereof |
| CN106889358A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-27 | 池州市忠友生态农业发展有限公司 | A kind of feed for nursing of goose fattening period |
| CN105875502A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-08-24 | 咸宁市农业科学院 | Planting-breeding combined goat-raising method in ramie garden |
| CN106212902A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-12-14 | 湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | A kind of Boehmeria type full hybrid particles feedstuff preventing meat sheep urolithiasis and preparation method |
| CN106387449A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-02-15 | 四川省畜牧科学研究院 | Fresh ramie mixed forage for meat rabbits as well as preparation method and application of fresh ramie mixed forage |
| CN106387449B (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2019-11-19 | 四川省畜牧科学研究院 | A kind of meat rabbit fresh ramie mixing forage and its preparation method and application |
| CN106858052A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-06-20 | 新昌县拜瑞珂生物技术有限公司 | A kind of method that utilization agricultural crop straw prepares Herbivore feed |
| CN111567686A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-08-25 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for preparing Chinese wildrye nutrient grass particles |
| CN113040280A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-29 | 万源市安科实业有限公司 | Formula and method for ramie silage for feed |
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