CN103849018B - 一种稻壳灰/高分子复合材料及其制备方法及用途 - Google Patents

一种稻壳灰/高分子复合材料及其制备方法及用途 Download PDF

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CN103849018B
CN103849018B CN201210492957.3A CN201210492957A CN103849018B CN 103849018 B CN103849018 B CN 103849018B CN 201210492957 A CN201210492957 A CN 201210492957A CN 103849018 B CN103849018 B CN 103849018B
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rice hull
hull ash
parts
rice
polymer composite
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CN103849018A (zh
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裴爱华
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Hefei Genius New Materials Co Ltd
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Hefei Genius New Materials Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于高分子技术领域,涉及一种稻壳灰复合材料制备方法。该稻壳灰复合材料,由包括以下重量份的组成制成:高分子树脂100份,抗氧剂0‑1份,光稳定剂0‑3份,润滑剂0‑5份,稻壳灰5‑50份或稻壳灰母粒10‑200份,增强纤维0‑100份,增容剂0‑2份。本发明通过添加价格低廉的可再生功能性填料稻壳灰于聚合物中,复合材料表现出具有光泽的均匀黑色。稻壳灰赋予材料优异的耐紫外老化性能,同时表现出明显的增强作用。更为重要的是,稻壳灰对高分子树脂基体的流动性无明显影响。

Description

一种稻壳灰/高分子复合材料及其制备方法及用途
技术领域
本发明属于材料技术领域,涉及一种稻壳灰/高分子复合材料及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
稻壳灰是生物质发电厂的工业废料,是通过稻壳流化床焚烧炉中燃烧得到的。由于通过此燃烧过程得到的稻壳灰具有较高含量的未燃烧的碳,所以呈现黑色。每年全国的稻谷产量为2亿吨左右,稻壳占稻谷的20%左右,而稻壳燃烧后的产物稻壳灰占稻壳的20%左右,所以稻壳是一种资源丰富、价格低廉的可再生资源。
传统的炭黑由于在高分子材料应用中存在难以分散(色散)等问题,需要先制成色母粒,然后再与高分子基体进行共混,而且迄今为止生产高质量色母粒的先进工艺也主要掌握在国外的一些大公司手里。另外,少量炭黑的加入常常对高分子树脂的流动性造成明显的负面影响,导致制品表面出现熔接痕、色差、发雾等问题;同时在高分子复合材料中,由于基体树脂粘度的升高,导致树脂与增强纤维如玻璃纤维或者碳纤维之间的浸润性变差,最终造成复合材料力学性能降低。
本发明的优势在于:稻壳灰的主要成分为无定形的二氧化硅和碳,稻壳灰与高分子基体共混过程中,只需要简单的表面处理即可以得到在高分子基体中良好的分散,稻壳灰表现出优异的着色性能,样品表面光泽度佳,远远优于利用碳黑色母制备的样品。同时,稻壳灰对紫外线具有较强的吸收能力,可以改善高分子复合材料的耐紫外老化性能;比如,聚丙烯近年来被广泛应用于汽车工业上,但聚丙烯本身耐候性差,通过加入价格低廉的稻壳灰功能性填料则可以实现材料性价比最优化。稻壳灰高分子复合材料表现出良好的力学性能,更为重要的是,稻壳灰对高分子树脂基体的流动性无明显影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于为克服现有技术中的缺陷,而提供一种稻壳灰/高分子复合材料及其制备方法和用途,该复合材料具有光泽度佳,耐紫外,流动性好等优点。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种稻壳灰高分子复合材料,由包括以下重量份的组分制成:
高分子树脂 100份,
抗氧剂 0-1份,
光稳定剂 0-3份,
润滑剂 0-5份,
稻壳灰5-50份或稻壳灰母粒10-200份,
增强纤维 0-100份,
增容剂 0-2份。
当稻壳灰与高分子树脂共混时,稻壳灰高分子复合材料中的抗氧剂、光稳定剂和润滑剂的用量不为零。
当稻壳灰与高分子树脂共混时,抗氧剂优选0.1-1份,光稳定剂优选0.1-1份,润滑剂优选0.1-1份。
所述的高分子树脂为热塑性高分子树脂,优选聚烯烃类、聚酯类、聚酰胺类、聚醚类、聚甲醛或ABS中的一种或者其合金;其中所述的聚烯烃优选聚乙烯、聚丙烯;所述聚酯优选聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯;所述聚酰胺优选尼龙6,尼龙66,尼龙12;所述聚醚优选聚苯醚。
所述的增强纤维选自玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维及其编织物。
所述的增容剂为增加纤维和高分子基体界面粘结的物质,优选马来酸酐接枝物。
所述的稻壳灰母粒由包含以下重量份的组分制成:
高分子树脂 40-90份,
稻壳灰 10-60份,抗氧剂 0.1-5份,
光稳定剂 0-5份,
润滑剂 1-10份;
其中,稻壳灰母粒中的光稳定剂优选0.5-5份。
其制备方法为将40-90份高分子树脂,10-60份稻壳灰,0.1-5份抗氧剂,0-5份光稳定剂和1-10份润滑剂用双螺杆挤出机共混熔融共混得到稻壳灰母粒,然后真空烘干;其中双螺杆挤出机温度设置范围为140℃-300℃,挤出机转速为10-100rpm。所述的稻壳灰的粒径为100-1500目,且经过表面偶联处理,表面偶联处理方法如下:将稻壳灰与偶联剂的乙醇溶液100℃下高速搅拌30min,其中稻壳灰与偶联剂的质量比为100:(0.5~3),偶联剂与乙醇的体积比为10:90;然后置于100℃烘箱内烘干24h,得表面处理稻壳灰。
所述的偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂,钛酸酯偶联剂,铝酸酯偶联剂中的一种或一种以上。所述硅烷偶联剂优选γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷;所述钛酸酯偶联剂优选异丙基二油酸酰氧基钛酸酯或三异硬酯酰基钛酸酯;所述铝酸酯偶联剂优选二硬脂酰氧异丙基铝酸酯。
所述的抗氧剂选自酚类抗氧剂、胺类抗氧剂、含硫化合物抗氧剂或亚磷酸酯抗氧剂中的一种或一种以上。
所述的酚类抗氧剂优选2,6-三级丁基-4-甲基苯酚、2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚、叔丁基对羟基茴香醚、叔丁基对苯二酚、双(3,5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基)硫醚或四〔β-(3,5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸〕季戊四醇酯。
所述的胺类抗氧剂优选二苯胺、对苯二胺或二氢喹啉。
所述的含硫化合物抗氧剂优选硫代二丙酸双酯。
所述的亚磷酸酯抗氧剂优选亚磷酸三苯酯。
所述的光稳定剂选自水杨酸酯类光稳定剂、二苯甲酮类光稳定剂或苯并三唑类光稳定剂中的一种或一种以上。
所述的水杨酸酯类光稳定剂优选水杨酸苯酯或水杨酸对辛基苯酯。
所述的二苯甲酮类光稳定剂优选2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮,2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮。
所述的苯并三唑类光稳定剂优选2-(2’-羟基-5’-甲苯基)苯并三唑。
所述的润滑剂选自硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸镁、聚乙烯蜡、聚丙烯蜡等中的一种或一种以上。
一种稻壳灰高分子复合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将100份高分子树脂,5-50份稻壳灰或10-200份稻壳灰母粒,0-1份抗氧剂,0-3份光稳定剂,0-5份润滑剂,0-100份增强纤维以及0-2份增容剂放在高混机中混合均匀,其中混合温度100-150℃,混合时间5-20min,然后置于90-120℃真空烘箱中干燥10-24h;
(2)将步骤(1)中干燥好的混合物料经过计量泵后进行双螺杆挤出机熔融混炼,最后经过模头挤出造粒,得到稻壳灰复合材料,其中挤出机的温度范围为140-300℃,挤出机的转速为10-100rpm。
一种稻壳灰高分子复合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将100份高分子树脂、5-50份稻壳灰或10-200份稻壳灰母粒,0-1份抗氧剂,0-3份光稳定剂,0-5份润滑剂,和0-2份增容剂放入高混机中混合均匀,混合温度100-150℃,混合时间5-20min,混合物置于90-120℃真空烘箱中干燥24h;
(2)将步骤(1)中干燥好的混合物用双螺杆熔融共混,其中双螺杆温度设置范围为140-300℃,挤出机转速为10-100rpm;
(3)将0-100份预加张力的连续纤维束从纱架上引出并预热至200-300℃,导入至充满熔体的浸渍模头中进行浸渍,将浸渍后的连续纤维经牵引装置牵引并冷却后进行切粒得长纤增强粒料,所述粒料长度为6-25mm。
所述的稻壳灰母粒的制备方法包含以下步骤:
(a)首先按上述配比称取以下重量份的各组分原料:40-90份高分子树脂,10-60份稻壳灰,0.1-5份抗氧剂,0-5份光稳定剂和1-10份润滑剂,加入高速混合机中混合均匀,其中混合温度为100-150℃,混合时间为5-20min;
然后将混合物置于真空烘箱中烘干,所述的烘干温度为90-120℃,烘干时间为10-24h;
(b)将干燥好的物料经过计量泵送入双螺杆挤出机进行熔融混炼,经过模头挤出造粒,得到稻壳灰母粒,其中双螺杆挤出机温度设置范围为140-300℃,挤出机转速为10-100rpm。
本发明具有以下有益效果:本发明的优点在于利用稻壳灰作为一种功能性填料,具体表现在:
1.稻壳灰是一种价格低廉的可再生资源。
2.稻壳灰具有优异的着色性能,而且样品表面光泽度佳,优于利用炭黑母粒制备的样品。
3.稻壳灰对高分子基体的流动性无明显影响,从而保证了材料的加工性能以及制品的表面性能,尤其是在对树脂流动性要求较高的制备工艺中具有明显优势。
4.稻壳灰对紫外线具有较强的吸收能力。
5.稻壳灰高分子复合材料表现出良好的力学性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例1
(1)预处理稻壳灰:
首先将粒径200目的稻壳灰与KH-550(占稻壳灰重量的0.5wt%)的乙醇溶液(KH550与乙醇体积比10:90),于100℃高速搅拌混合30min;并置于100℃烘箱内烘干24h,得到表面偶联预处理的稻壳灰;
(2)制备聚丙烯/稻壳灰复合材料
将100份等规度为60%,分子量为10-30万的均聚聚丙烯(PP),上述经预处理的稻壳灰12份,0.1份抗氧剂2,6-三级丁基-4-甲基苯酚,0.1份光稳定剂2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮,0.1份润滑剂硬脂酸钙用高速混合机混合5min,混合温度为100℃。然后置于100℃真空烘箱中烘干24h;
最后,将混合好的料经过计量泵后送入双螺杆挤出机(长径比为30:1)进行熔融混炼,双螺杆各区温度设置为160℃,170℃,180℃,190℃,200℃,210℃,转速为20rpm。最后经过模头挤出造粒后得到稻壳灰含量为10.7wt%的聚丙烯复合材料。所制样品稻壳灰在PP树脂中分散良好,复合材料呈现出具有一定光泽度的黑色。相关性能见表1。
对比例1:
为了说明稻壳灰对PP性能的影响,纯PP样品中稻壳灰的添加量为0份,对比例1其他配方及加工工艺与实施例1完全相同。所得相关性能同样列于表1中。
实施例2
(1)预处理稻壳灰:
将粒径500目的稻壳灰与KH-550(占稻壳灰重量的1wt%)的乙醇溶液(KH550与乙醇体积比10:90)100℃高速搅拌混合30min,置于100℃烘箱内烘干24h;
(2)制备稻壳灰母粒:
将40份步骤(1)预处理过的稻壳灰与60份高熔指嵌段共聚PP,0.5份2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚,0.3份2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮,4份硬脂酸锌用高速混合机中混合10min,混合温度为100℃,置于100℃真空烘箱中烘干24h;
最后,将混合好的料经过计量泵后送入双螺杆挤出机(长径比为30:1)进行熔融混炼,双螺杆各区温度设置区间为150℃,165℃,180℃,190℃,200℃,210℃,挤出机转速为10rpm,最后经过模头挤出造粒后得稻壳灰母粒;
(3)制备聚丙烯/稻壳灰高分子复合物:
取此稻壳灰母粒40份与100份等规度60%,分子量10-30万的PP,用高速混合机在100℃混合10min,真空烘箱中烘干(100℃,10h);
最后,将混合好的物料经注塑机加热料筒中塑化后直接注塑样条,得稻壳灰含量约为10.8wt%的聚丙烯复合材料。样条外观与实施例1中样条并无肉眼可见的区别,力学性能也与实施例1无明显差别。
实施例3
(1)稻壳灰母粒的制备方法与实施例2中制备稻壳灰母粒的方法相同。
(2)制备玻纤增强的聚丙烯/稻壳灰高分子复合材料:
取此稻壳灰母粒25份与100份高结晶共聚PP,30份短切玻纤和1份聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐,用高速混合机混合(100℃,10min),真空烘箱中烘干(100℃,24h);
最后,将混合好的料送入双螺杆挤出机(长径比为30:1)进行熔融混炼,双螺杆各区温度设置区间为180℃,185℃,190℃,195℃,200℃,210℃,挤出机转速为20rpm,最后经过模头挤出造粒,得到玻纤增强的聚丙烯/稻壳灰复合材料,其中短切玻纤含量约为19wt%,稻壳灰含量约为6wt%。
实施例4
(1)预处理稻壳灰:
将粒径1500目的稻壳灰与偶联剂异丙基二油酸酰氧基钛酸酯(占稻壳灰重量的3wt%)的乙醇溶液(偶联剂与乙醇体积比10:90)100℃高速搅拌混合30min,置于100℃烘箱内烘干24h;
(2)制备稻壳灰母粒:
将(1)中处理好的稻壳灰60份与40份高熔指嵌段共聚PP,0.5份叔丁基对苯二酚,1份2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮,5份硬脂酸锌用高速混合机中混合10min,混合温度为100℃,置于100℃真空烘箱中烘干10h;
最后,将混合好的料经过计量泵后送入双螺杆挤出机(长径比为30:1)进行熔融混炼,双螺杆各区温度设置为140℃,160℃,180℃,200℃,220℃,240℃,挤出机转速为10rpm,最后经过模头挤出造粒后得稻壳灰母粒;
(3)制备长纤增强的聚丙烯/稻壳灰复合材料:
将步骤(2)中所制稻壳灰母粒20份,100份高熔指高结晶共聚PP树脂,2份聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐在高速混合机中常温下批混10min至均匀,然后将混合物置于90℃真空烘箱中干燥24h;
上述混合好的物料用双螺杆(长径比为30:1)熔融共混,其中双螺杆各区温度设置为150℃,170℃,190℃,200℃,220℃,240℃,挤出机转速为30rpm;
将70份续玻璃纤维从纱架上经牵引机引出,并预热至250℃后导入至浸渍模头中,采用上述熔融树脂(240℃)浸渍连续纤维,将浸渍后的连续纤维冷却后进行切粒,粒料长度为10mm,得到长纤增强聚丙烯/稻壳灰复合材料,其中稻壳灰含量约为5.8wt%,长玻纤含量约为36.4wt%。
从表1中数据可以看出,稻壳灰的加入未造成基体PP树脂流动性的降低,同时表现出一定的增强作用。纯PP材料受紫外辐照后各项力学性能下降幅度很大,而PP复合材料的力学性能,即使复合材料中只有10.7wt%的稻壳灰,拉伸强度,弯曲强度及无缺口冲击强度都能保持在未辐照时的95%。
表1实施例物性对比
实施例5
(1)预处理稻壳灰:
将粒径800目的稻壳灰与KH-550(占稻壳灰重量的1wt%)的乙醇溶液(偶联剂与乙醇体积比10:90)100℃高速搅拌混合30min,置于100℃烘箱内烘干10h;
(2)制备基于尼龙树脂的稻壳灰母粒:
将步骤(1)中预处理稻壳灰30份与70份高流动性尼龙6,0.5份叔丁基对苯二酚,2份2-(2'-羟基-5'-甲基苯基)苯并三唑,3份硬脂酸钙用高速混合机中混合10min,置于120℃真空烘箱中烘干24h;
最后,将混合好的料经过双螺杆挤出机熔融混炼(长径比为30:1),温度设置区间为210℃,220℃,230℃,240℃,250℃,260℃,转速为20rpm。最后经过模头挤出造粒后得尼龙6为基体树脂的母粒。
(3)制备玻纤增强尼龙6/稻壳灰复合材料
取此稻壳灰母粒20份与100份尼龙6、2份聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐,用高速混合机混合(100℃,10min),真空烘箱中烘干(100℃,10h);
最后,将混合好的料送入双螺杆挤出机(长径比为30:1)进行熔融混炼,30份连续玻纤经侧喂料口进入双螺杆,双螺杆各区温度设置区间为210℃,220℃,230℃,240℃,250℃,260℃,挤出机转速为30rpm,最后经过模头挤出造粒,得到玻纤增强的尼龙6/稻壳灰复合材料,其中稻壳灰含量为3.7wt%,玻纤含量约为19.7wt%。
实施例6
(1)预处理稻壳灰:
将粒径500目的稻壳灰与KH550偶联剂(占稻壳灰的1.5wt%)的乙醇溶液(KH550与乙醇体积比为10:90)高速搅拌混合30min,置于100℃烘箱内烘干24h;
(2)制备基于高流动性尼龙66的稻壳灰母粒:
将上述预处理的稻壳灰25份与75份高流动性尼龙66,2.5份硫代二丙酸双酯,1份2-(2’-羟基-5’-甲苯基)苯并三唑,1份聚丙烯蜡用高速混合机混合10min,置于120℃真空烘箱中烘干24h;
最后,将混合好的料经过双螺杆挤出机熔融混炼(长径比为30:1),温度设置区间为225℃,235℃,245℃,255℃,265℃,275℃,转速为30rpm。最后经过模头挤出造粒后得尼龙66为基体树脂的母粒。
(3)制备碳纤增强尼龙66/稻壳灰高分子复合物
将稻壳灰母粒20份与100份高流动性尼龙66在高速混合机中常温下批混10min至均匀,然后将混合物置于120℃真空烘箱中干燥24h;
上述混合好的物料用双螺杆(长径比为30:1)熔融共混,其中双螺杆各区温度设置为220℃,230℃,240℃,250℃,260℃,270℃,挤出机转速为50rpm;
将碳纤维50份从纱架上经牵引机引出并预热至275℃后导入至浸渍模头中,采用上述熔融树脂(270℃)浸渍碳纤维,将浸渍后的碳纤维冷却后进行切粒,粒料长度为25mm,得到长纤增强尼龙66/稻壳灰复合材料,其中稻壳灰含量约为2.8wt%,碳纤维含量约为29.4wt%。
实施例7
(1)预处理稻壳灰:
将粒径500目的稻壳灰与KH-550(占稻壳灰重量的1wt%)的乙醇溶液(KH550与乙醇体积比10:90)100℃高速搅拌混合30min,置于100℃烘箱内烘干24h;
(2)制备稻壳灰母粒:
将50份步骤(1)预处理过的稻壳灰与50份高熔指嵌段共聚PP,2.5份2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚,2.5份2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮,5份硬脂酸镁用高速混合机中混合10min,混合温度为100℃,置于100℃真空烘箱中烘干24h;
最后,将混合好的料经过计量泵后送入双螺杆挤出机(长径比为30:1)进行熔融混炼,双螺杆各区温度设置区间为150℃,165℃,180℃,190℃,200℃,210℃,挤出机转速为10rpm,最后经过模头挤出造粒后得稻壳灰母粒;
(3)制备聚丙烯/稻壳灰高分子复合物:
取此稻壳灰母粒200份与100份等规度60%,分子量10-30万的PP,2份聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐,用高速混合机在100℃混合10min,真空烘箱中烘干(100℃,10h);
最后,将混合好的物料经注塑机加热料筒中塑化后直接注塑样条,得稻壳灰含量约为30wt%的聚丙烯复合材料。
实施例8
(1)预处理稻壳灰:
将粒径1500目的稻壳灰与KH-550(占稻壳灰重量的3wt%)的乙醇溶液(KH550与乙醇体积比10:90)100℃高速搅拌混合30min,置于100℃烘箱内烘干24h;
(2)制备稻壳灰母粒:
将60份步骤(1)预处理过的稻壳灰与40份高熔指嵌段共聚PP,5份2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚,5份2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮,10份硬脂酸用高速混合机中混合10min,混合温度为100℃,置于100℃真空烘箱中烘干24h;
最后,将混合好的料经过计量泵后送入双螺杆挤出机(长径比为30:1)进行熔融混炼,双螺杆各区温度设置区间为160℃,170℃,180℃,190℃,200℃,210℃,挤出机转速为20rpm,最后经过模头挤出造粒后得稻壳灰母粒;
(3)制备玻纤增强聚丙烯/稻壳灰高分子复合物:
取步骤(2)中的稻壳灰母粒20份与100份高结晶共聚PP,30份短切玻纤和2份聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐,用高速混合机混合(100℃,10min),真空烘箱中烘干(100℃,10h);
最后,将混合好的料送入双螺杆挤出机(长径比为30:1)进行熔融混炼,双螺杆各区温度设置区间为180℃,185℃,190℃,195℃,200℃,210℃,挤出机转速为20rpm,最后经过模头挤出造粒,得到玻纤增强的聚丙烯/稻壳灰复合材料,其中稻壳灰含量为6.6wt%,短切玻纤含量为19.7wt%。
实施例9
(1)预处理稻壳灰:
首先将粒径1000目的稻壳灰与二硬脂酰氧异丙基铝酸酯(占稻壳灰重量的2wt%)的乙醇溶液(二硬脂酰氧异丙基铝酸酯与乙醇体积比10:90),于100℃高速搅拌混合30min;并置于100℃烘箱内烘干24h,得到表面偶联预处理的稻壳灰。
(2)制备玻纤增强的聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯/稻壳灰复合材料
将100份特性粘数为0.97mL/g的聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT),25份上述经预处理的稻壳灰,1份抗氧剂2,6-三级丁基-4-甲基苯酚,3份光稳定剂2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮,5份润滑剂硬脂酸钙用高速混合机混合10min,混合温度为100℃。然后置于100℃真空烘箱中烘干24h;
最后,将混合好的料经过计量泵后送入双螺杆挤出机(长径比为30:1),25份连续玻纤经侧喂料口进入双螺杆,双螺杆各区温度设置为210℃,215℃,220℃,225℃,230℃,235℃,转速为30rpm。最后经过模头挤出造粒后得到稻壳灰含量约为15.7wt%,玻璃纤维含量约为15.7wt%的PBT复合材料。
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和应用本发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改,并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此,本发明不限于这里的实施例,本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示,不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (24)

1.一种稻壳灰高分子复合材料,其特征在于:由以下重量份的组分制成:
其中,当稻壳灰与高分子树脂共混时,稻壳灰高分子复合材料中的抗氧剂、光稳定剂和润滑剂的用量不为零;
所述的稻壳灰的粒径为100-1500目,且经过表面偶联处理,表面偶联处理方法如下:将稻壳灰与偶联剂的乙醇溶液100℃下高速搅拌30min,其中稻壳灰与偶联剂的质量比为100:(0.5~3),偶联剂与乙醇的体积比为10:90;然后置于100℃烘箱内烘干24h,得表面处理稻壳灰;
所述的光稳定剂选自水杨酸酯类光稳定剂、二苯甲酮类光稳定剂或苯并三唑类光稳定剂中的一种以上;
所述的水杨酸酯类光稳定剂选自水杨酸苯酯或水杨酸对辛基苯酯;
所述的二苯甲酮类光稳定剂选自2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮或2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮;所述的苯并三唑类光稳定剂为2-(2’-羟基-5’-甲苯基)苯并三唑。
2.根据权利要求1所述的稻壳灰高分子复合材料,其特征在于:所述的高分子树脂为热塑性高分子树脂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的稻壳灰高分子复合材料,其特征在于:所述的高分子树脂为聚烯烃类、聚酯类、聚酰胺类、聚醚类、聚甲醛或丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物中的一种或者其合金。
4.根据权利要求3所述的稻壳灰高分子复合材料,其特征在于:所述的聚烯烃类选自聚乙烯或聚丙烯。
5.根据权利要求3所述的稻壳灰高分子复合材料,其特征在于:所述聚酯类选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯。
6.根据权利要求3所述的稻壳灰高分子复合材料,其特征在于:所述聚酰胺类选自尼龙6、尼龙66或尼龙12。
7.根据权利要求3所述的稻壳灰高分子复合材料,其特征在于:所述聚醚类为聚苯醚。
8.根据权利要求1所述的稻壳灰高分子复合材料,其特征在于:所述的增强纤维选自玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维及其编织物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的稻壳灰高分子复合材料,其特征在于:所述的增容剂为增加纤维和高分子基体界面粘结的物质。
10.根据权利要求1所述的稻壳灰高分子复合材料,其特征在于:所述的增容剂选自马来酸酐接枝物。
11.根据权利要求1所述的稻壳灰高分子复合材料,其特征在于:所述的稻壳灰母粒由以下重量份的组分制成:
其制备方法为将40-90份高分子树脂,10-60份稻壳灰,0.5-5份抗氧剂,2-5份光稳定剂和3-10份润滑剂用双螺杆挤出机共混熔融共混得到稻壳灰母粒,然后真空烘干;其中双螺杆挤出机温度设置范围为140℃-300℃,双螺杆挤出机转速为10-100rpm。
12.根据权利要求1所述的稻壳灰高分子复合材料,其特征在于:所述的偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂,钛酸酯偶联剂,铝酸酯偶联剂中的一种以上。
13.根据权利要求12所述的稻壳灰高分子复合材料,其特征在于:所述硅烷偶联剂选自γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷或乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷。
14.根据权利要求12所述的稻壳灰高分子复合材料,其特征在于:所述钛酸酯偶联剂选自异丙基二油酸酰氧基钛酸酯或三异硬酯酰基钛酸酯。
15.根据权利要求12所述的稻壳灰高分子复合材料,其特征在于:所述铝酸酯偶联剂为二硬脂酰氧异丙基铝酸酯。
16.根据权利要求1或11所述的稻壳灰高分子复合材料,其特征在于:所述的抗氧剂选自酚类抗氧剂、胺类抗氧剂、含硫化合物抗氧剂或亚磷酸酯抗氧剂中的一种以上。
17.根据权利要求16所述的稻壳灰高分子复合材料,其特征在于:所述的酚类抗氧剂选自2,6-三级丁基-4-甲基苯酚、2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚、叔丁基对羟基茴香醚、叔丁基对苯二酚、双(3,5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基)硫醚或四〔β-(3,5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸〕季戊四醇酯。
18.根据权利要求16所述的稻壳灰高分子复合材料,其特征在于:所述的胺类抗氧剂选自二苯胺、对苯二胺或二氢喹啉。
19.根据权利要求16所述的稻壳灰高分子复合材料,其特征在于:所述的含硫化合物抗氧剂为硫代二丙酸双酯。
20.根据权利要求16所述的稻壳灰高分子复合材料,其特征在于:所述的亚磷酸酯抗氧剂为亚磷酸三苯酯。
21.根据权利要求1或11所述的稻壳灰高分子复合材料,其特征在于:所述的润滑剂选自硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸镁、聚乙烯蜡或聚丙烯蜡中的一种以上。
22.一种根据权利要求1-21任一项所述的稻壳灰高分子复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)将100份高分子树脂,5-60份稻壳灰或10-200份稻壳灰母粒,0.5-5份抗氧剂,2-5份光稳定剂,3-10份润滑剂,30-100份增强纤维以及2份增容剂放在高速混合机中混合均匀,其中混合温度100-150℃,混合时间5-20min,然后置于90-120℃真空烘箱中干燥10-24h;
(2)将步骤(1)中干燥好的混合物料经过计量泵后进行双螺杆挤出机熔融混炼,最后经过模头挤出造粒,得到稻壳灰复合材料,其中双螺杆挤出机的温度范围为140-300℃,双螺杆挤出机的转速为10-100rpm。
23.一种根据权利要求1-21任一项所述的稻壳灰高分子复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)将100份高分子树脂、5-60份稻壳灰或10-200份稻壳灰母粒,0.5-5份抗氧剂,2-5份光稳定剂,3-10份润滑剂和2份增容剂放入高速混合机中混合均匀,混合温度100-150℃,混合时间5-20min,然后置于90-120℃真空烘箱中干燥24h;
(2)将步骤(1)中干燥好的混合物用双螺杆挤出机熔融共混,其中双螺杆挤出机温度设置范围为140-300℃,双螺杆挤出机转速为10-100rpm;
(3)将30-100份增强纤维从纱架上引出并预热至200-300℃,导入至充满熔体的浸渍模头中进行浸渍,将浸渍后的连续纤维经牵引装置牵引并冷却后进行切粒得长纤增强粒料,所述粒料长度为6-25mm。
24.根据权利要求22或23所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的稻壳灰母粒的制备方法包含以下步骤:
(a)首先称取以下重量份的各组分原料:40-90份高分子树脂,10-60份稻壳灰,0.5-5份抗氧剂,2-5份光稳定剂和3-10份润滑剂,加入高速混合机中混合均匀,其中混合温度为100-150℃,混合时间为5-20min;
然后将混合物置于真空烘箱中烘干,所述的烘干温度为90-120℃,烘干时间为10-24h;
(b)将干燥好的物料经过计量泵送入双螺杆挤出机进行熔融混炼,经过模头挤出造粒,得到稻壳灰母粒,其中双螺杆挤出机温度设置范围为140-300℃,双螺杆挤出机转速为10-100rpm。
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