CN103846569B - Containing the low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy of cobalt - Google Patents

Containing the low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy of cobalt Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103846569B
CN103846569B CN201410074925.0A CN201410074925A CN103846569B CN 103846569 B CN103846569 B CN 103846569B CN 201410074925 A CN201410074925 A CN 201410074925A CN 103846569 B CN103846569 B CN 103846569B
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silver
solder
cobalt
brazing alloy
free
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CN103846569A (en
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张伟平
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ZHEJIANG GLOBAL JOINING TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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ZHEJIANG GLOBAL JOINING TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/302Cu as the principal constituent

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Connection Of Electric Components To Printed Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to class of metal materials, specifically a kind of low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy containing cobalt, it is characterized in that, be: Ag12% ~ 16%, Cu39% ~ 41%, In1% ~ 8%, Ga0.5% ~ 4%, Co0.01% ~ 1.2% by mass percent proportioning, surplus is Zn.And In ︰ Ga=2 ︰ 1.Mentioned component proportioning of the present invention obtain containing beryllium low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy has good fluidity, wetability is good, Joint Strength high, but also have and BAg20CuZnCd solder " close fusion temperature scope ", be specially adapted to the soldering of household electric appliances, some product of hardware industry, avoid cause because brazing temperature is too high workpiece oxidation, degradation problem under soldering joint strength.

Description

Containing the low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy of cobalt
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soldering materials of class of metal materials, be specifically related to a kind of low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy containing cobalt.
Background technology
In brazing material, the BAg20CuZnCd solder more generally used at present, owing to containing Cd element in its chemical composition, although brazing property is excellent when coordinating scaling powder (as FB102 brazing flux), can not meet RoHS Directive requirement.Other silver solder has multiple not containing the formula of cadmium, but due to its silver content higher, the needs of household electric appliances, the competition of hardware industry market cannot be met, be badly in need of developing silver content about 15% silver solder, to reduce production cost.
The applicant has carried out literature search, although be seen in the technical information of low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy in published Chinese patent literature, " multi-component alloy cadmium-free low-silver solder ", Chinese patent CN101347871 disclosed " application of a kind of low-silver solder in the end ring and sliver soldering processes of rotor " and Chinese patent CN102416530A disclosed " cadmium-free low-silver solder and preparation method thereof " disclosed in Chinese patent CN101716702A, etc.But, disclosed in these documents, low its silver content of silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy is all in 16.0% ~ 40% scope, more particularly all do not belong to the low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy of " silver content about 15%, solder fusing point close to BAg20CuZnCd ", therefore, BAg20CuZnCd solder cannot be substituted " under not changing the condition of existing production technology ".For this reason, the applicant has carried out a large amount of explorations and useful test, and technical scheme described below produces under this background.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of and there is the low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy containing cobalt that good mobility and wetability, Joint Strength are moderate, have the fusion temperature scope close with BAg20CuZnCd solder.
Task of the present invention has been come like this:
Containing a low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy for cobalt, it is characterized in that: composition by mass percent proportioning is: the Ag of 12% ~ 16%, the Cu of 39% ~ 41%, the In of 1% ~ 8%, the Ga of 0.5% ~ 4%, the Co of 0.01% ~ 1.2%, surplus is Zn.
In technique scheme, when In 1% ~ 8%, Ga in the scope of 0.5% ~ 4% and the proportion of In ︰ Ga=2 ︰ 1 time, there is best mobility and wetability and there is the fusion temperature scope close with BAg20CuZnCd solder.
" the low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy containing cobalt " its solidus temperature that mentioned component proportioning obtains is 655 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, and liquidus temperature is 745 DEG C ± 10 DEG C (all considering evaluated error).Use gas brazing mode, coordinate FB102 brazing flux, Joint intensity when soldering mother metal is following combination is shown in data in bracket: red copper-brass (σ b=210 ± 25MPa, τ=200 ± 30MPa), red copper-nickel-base alloy (σ b=210 ± 25MPa, τ=200 ± 30MPa), brass-nickel-base alloy (σ b=330 ± 25MPa, τ=325 ± 30MPa), coordinate soldered fitting mechanical property when scaling powder (as FB102 brazing flux) soldering red copper-brass, red copper-nickel-base alloy, brass-nickel-base alloy suitable with BAg20CuZnCd solder.
The present invention program mainly solves following two key technical problems: the novel low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy containing cobalt 1) developed, good fluidity during soldering, wetability are good, Joint Strength is high, but also has and BAg20CuZnCd solder " close fusion temperature scope ".By optimizing the chemical composition of " the novel low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy containing cobalt ", making neoteric silver solder except can being prepared as common band, silk material, also can be prepared into the filament that diameter is 1.2 ~ 1.5; 2) by adding indium and the gallium element of appropriate ratio in silver solder, add the cobalt of trace simultaneously, make silver solder having well " wettability " on red copper, brass and nickel-base alloy, lower and close to the fusion temperature scope of BAg20CuZnCd solder.
Use commercially available silver, cathode copper, zinc ingot metal, indium metal, gallium, zinc-cobalt alloy, on demand proportioning, adopt conventional intermediate frequency smelting furnace to smelt, cast, then by extruding, drawing, namely obtain required solder wire material; According to need of production, indium metal, gallium can be smelted into alloy respectively in advance, then add smelting in smelting furnace, casting, then by extruding, drawing, namely obtain required solder wire material; Or by multiple tracks rolling process, be prepared into the strip of desired thickness, width.
Compared with studying, the achievement part of technical scheme provided by the invention was in the past:
1, research has found under " synergy " of trace cobalt element, in silver solder, the alloying element indium of appropriate ratio and gallium are to the affecting laws of " low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy "---i.e. indium and gallium element content (mass percent in silver solder, lower with) control respectively In be 1% ~ 8%, Ga be 0.5% ~ 4% scope in and In ︰ Ga=2 ︰ 1 time, when can make Ag content≤16% in low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy, neoteric low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy still has good " wettability ".
Test finds, when the addition of In higher than 8%, the addition of Ga higher than 4% after, the fusing point of solder is not that " dullness " declines, and solder poor processability, soaks, trend that spreading property also has variation.But the addition of In lower than 1%, the addition of Ga lower than 0.5% time, as In ︰ Ga=2 ︰ 1, solder still has good wetting, spreading property, but solder fusing point significantly rises, and liquidus temperature reaches more than 780 DEG C.
Further research also finds, when the addition of control In 1% ~ 8%, the addition of Ga is in the scope of 0.5% ~ 4%, as In ︰ Ga > 2 ︰ 1, as In ︰ Ga=2.1 ︰ 1 time (as the addition of In in the addition of 1.05%, Ga 0.5% time; The addition of In 8%, the addition of Ga 3.81% time, brazed seam mechanical property reduces.The soldering object red copper-brass commonly used the most using silver solder in research carries out contrast test as mother metal, finds red copper-brass soldering joint strength (σ bfor banjo fixing butt jointing pull-off force, τ is lap joint pull-off force) σ b=190 ± 25MPa, τ=180 ± 30MPa(subnormal red copper-brass soldered fitting pull-off force σ b=210 ± 25MPa, the scope of τ=200 ± 30MPa), solder fusing point significantly rises, and solidus temperature is 685 DEG C, liquidus temperature reaches 780 DEG C, obtains 655 DEG C (solidus temperatures) to 745 DEG C of (liquidus temperature) scopes apparently higher than employing composition proportion of the present invention.
As In ︰ Ga < 2 ︰ 1, during as In ︰ Ga=1.9 ︰ 1, (as the addition of In in the addition of 0.95%, Ga 0.5% time; The addition of In 7.6%, the addition of Ga 4% time, brazed seam mechanical property reduces, and only has σ b=195 ± 25MPa, τ=185 ± 30MPa(subnormal red copper-brass soldered fitting pull-off force σ b=210 ± 25MPa, the scope of τ=200 ± 30MPa), solder fusing point significantly rises, and solidus temperature is 705 DEG C, liquidus temperature reaches 800 DEG C, apparently higher than 655 DEG C (solidus temperatures) adopting composition proportion of the present invention to obtain to 745 DEG C of (liquidus temperature) scopes.
Therefore, to control in low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy indium and gallium element content and In 1% ~ 8%, Ga is in the scope of 0.5% ~ 4% and in the proportion of In ︰ Ga=2 ︰ 1, be one of key point of the present invention program.
2, research has found that trace cobalt element is to the low wettability of silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy, the affecting laws of processing characteristics.Many experimental results shows, cobalt element content scope that should control 0.01% ~ 1.2% in low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy is advisable.In above-mentioned scope, when the addition meeting In ︰ Ga=2 ︰ 1(In should 1% ~ 8% simultaneously, the addition of Ga should in 0.5% ~ 4% scope) condition time, neoteric its fusion temperature scope of low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy can control 655 DEG C ~ 745 DEG C scopes, close to the fusion temperature scope of BAg20CuZnCd solder, (BAg20CuZnCd solidus temperature is 605 DEG C, liquidus temperature is 765 DEG C, continue see GB/T10046-2008 " silver solder " the 4th page table 2()), now, the neoteric novel low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy soldering red copper containing cobalt, H62 brass, during the metals such as nickel-base alloy, there is the brazing property suitable with BAg20CuZnCd and close fusion temperature, and the content of precious metals ag reduces about 5 percentage points, although In, Ga also belongs to rare precious metal, but its price is lower slightly compared with silver-colored valency, COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING, the cost of raw material still can reduce about 10% ~ 20%, technological progress is remarkable.
Metallic cobalt fusing point about 1495 DEG C, is obviously difficult to be dissolved in silver solder.But cobalt is first smelted into zinc-cobalt alloy with zinc, and the fusing point of its zinc-cobalt alloy can drop to about 900 DEG C, just can join in silver solder easily, equably like this in the smelting process of silver solder.There are some researches show, " equilirbium solid solubility " of metallic cobalt in copper only has 0.2%(mass percent, lower same), but, its " expansion solid solubility " under rapid solidification condition can reach 15%, thus forms the copper-cobalt alloy with " high strength ", " high conductivity ".Of the present invention containing in the low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy of cobalt, the content of cobalt is higher than after 1.2%, the intensity of solder, electric conductivity increase although can continue " dullness ", but bring difficulty to the processing of solder, preparation, and, too high intensity and electric conductivity are tantamount to waste for soldered fitting (brazed seam), and therefore, the addition of cobalt is best to control within 1.2%.When cobalt addition lower than 0.01% time, still there is certain effect, but for the preparation deleterious of filament solder, be particularly drawn to fracture of wire phenomenon when diameter is less than 1.3mm at solder wire material and start to increase, therefore, the minimum addition of determination cobalt of the present invention is 0.01%.
3, also find in experimental study process, because cobalt is got along well water effect at normal temperatures, also very stable in malaria, adding of trace cobalt has " purification " significantly effect to the smelting of silver solder, namely after adding cobalt element, pore in ingot casting, field trash obviously reduce, and when preparing filament solder (if diameter is the filament of 1.2mm ~ 1.5mm), " fracture of wire phenomenon " significantly reduces, make neoteric solder aborning lumber recovery greatly improve.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is for the BAg20CuZnCd solder in prior art, not only there is good fluidity, wetability is good, Joint Strength high, but also have and BAg20CuZnCd solder " close fusion temperature scope ", be specially adapted to the soldering of household electric appliances, some product of hardware industry, avoid cause because brazing temperature is too high workpiece oxidation, degradation problem under soldering joint strength.
Detailed description of the invention
The specific embodiment embodying the novel low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy containing cobalt of the present invention of above-mentioned technique effect is as follows.
Embodiment 1:
Containing a low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy for cobalt, be: the Ag of 16%, the Cu of 41%, the In of 1%, the Ga of 0.5%, the Co of 0.01% that surplus is Zn by mass percent proportioning." the novel low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy containing cobalt " its solidus temperature that mentioned component proportioning obtains is 655 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, and liquidus temperature is 745 DEG C ± 10 DEG C (all considering evaluated error).During soldering, solder fluidity is good, good to the wettability of mother metal.
Use gas brazing mode, coordinate FB102 brazing flux, Joint intensity when soldering mother metal is following combination is shown in data in bracket: red copper-brass (σ b=210 ± 25MPa, τ=200 ± 30MPa), red copper-nickel-base alloy (σ b=210 ± 25MPa, τ=200 ± 30MPa), brass-nickel-base alloy (σ b=330 ± 25MPa, τ=325 ± 30MPa), coordinate soldered fitting mechanical property when scaling powder (as FB102 brazing flux) soldering red copper-brass, red copper-nickel-base alloy, brass-nickel-base alloy suitable with BAg20CuZnCd solder.
Embodiment 2:
Containing a low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy for cobalt, be: the Ag of 12%, the Cu of 39%, the In of 8%, the Ga of 4%, the Co of 1.2% that surplus is Zn by mass percent proportioning." the novel low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy containing cobalt " its solidus temperature that mentioned component proportioning obtains is 655 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, and liquidus temperature is 745 DEG C ± 10 DEG C (all considering evaluated error).During soldering, solder fluidity is good, good to the wettability of mother metal.
Use gas brazing mode, coordinate FB102 brazing flux, Joint intensity when soldering mother metal is following combination is shown in data in bracket: red copper-brass (σ b=210 ± 25MPa, τ=200 ± 30MPa), red copper-nickel-base alloy (σ b=210 ± 25MPa, τ=200 ± 30MPa), brass-nickel-base alloy (σ b=330 ± 25MPa, τ=325 ± 30MPa), coordinate soldered fitting mechanical property when scaling powder (as FB102 brazing flux) soldering red copper-brass, red copper-nickel-base alloy, brass-nickel-base alloy suitable with BAg20CuZnCd solder.
Embodiment 3:
Containing a low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy for cobalt, be: the Ag of 13%, the Cu of 40%, the In of 2%, the Ga of 1%, the Co of 0.2% that surplus is Zn by mass percent proportioning." the novel low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy containing cobalt " its solidus temperature that mentioned component proportioning obtains is 655 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, and liquidus temperature is 745 DEG C ± 10 DEG C (all considering evaluated error).During soldering, solder fluidity is good, good to the wettability of mother metal.
Use gas brazing mode, coordinate FB102 brazing flux, Joint intensity when soldering mother metal is following combination is shown in data in bracket: red copper-brass (σ b=210 ± 25MPa, τ=200 ± 30MPa), red copper-nickel-base alloy (σ b=210 ± 25MPa, τ=200 ± 30MPa), brass-nickel-base alloy (σ b=330 ± 25MPa, τ=325 ± 30MPa), coordinate soldered fitting mechanical property when scaling powder (as FB102 brazing flux) soldering red copper-brass, red copper-nickel-base alloy, brass-nickel-base alloy suitable with BAg20CuZnCd solder.
Embodiment 4:
Containing a low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy for cobalt, be: the Ag of 12.5%, the Cu of 39.5%, the In of 5%, the Ga of 2.5%, the Co of 0.8% that surplus is Zn by mass percent proportioning." the novel low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy containing cobalt " its solidus temperature that mentioned component proportioning obtains is 655 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, and liquidus temperature is 745 DEG C ± 10 DEG C (all considering evaluated error).During soldering, solder fluidity is good, good to the wettability of mother metal.
Use gas brazing mode, coordinate FB102 brazing flux, Joint intensity when soldering mother metal is following combination is shown in data in bracket: red copper-brass (σ b=210 ± 25MPa, τ=200 ± 30MPa), red copper-nickel-base alloy (σ b=210 ± 25MPa, τ=200 ± 30MPa), brass-nickel-base alloy (σ b=330 ± 25MPa, τ=325 ± 30MPa), coordinate soldered fitting mechanical property when scaling powder (as FB102 brazing flux) soldering red copper-brass, red copper-nickel-base alloy, brass-nickel-base alloy suitable with BAg20CuZnCd solder.
Embodiment 5:
Containing a low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy for cobalt, be: the Ag of 14%, the Cu of 39.8%, the In of 1.8%, the Ga of 0.9%, the Co of 0.5% that surplus is Zn by mass percent proportioning." the novel low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy containing cobalt " its solidus temperature that mentioned component proportioning obtains is 655 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, and liquidus temperature is 745 DEG C ± 10 DEG C (all considering evaluated error).During soldering, solder fluidity is good, good to the wettability of mother metal.
Use gas brazing mode, coordinate FB102 brazing flux, Joint intensity when soldering mother metal is following combination is shown in data in bracket: red copper-brass (σ b=210 ± 25MPa, τ=200 ± 30MPa), red copper-nickel-base alloy (σ b=210 ± 25MPa, τ=200 ± 30MPa), brass-nickel-base alloy (σ b=330 ± 25MPa, τ=325 ± 30MPa), coordinate soldered fitting mechanical property when scaling powder (as FB102 brazing flux) soldering red copper-brass, red copper-nickel-base alloy, brass-nickel-base alloy suitable with BAg20CuZnCd solder.

Claims (1)

1., containing a low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy for cobalt, it is characterized in that, be: Ag12% ~ 16%, Cu39% ~ 41%, In1% ~ 8%, Ga0.5% ~ 4%, Co0.01% ~ 1.2% by mass percent proportioning, surplus is Zn, and In ︰ Ga=2 ︰ 1.
CN201410074925.0A 2014-03-03 2014-03-03 Containing the low silver-colored cadmium-free silver brazing alloy of cobalt Expired - Fee Related CN103846569B (en)

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CN104384743B (en) * 2014-09-27 2017-05-03 宁波银马焊材科技有限公司 Low-silver cadmium-free solder and preparation method thereof
CN106862798A (en) * 2016-12-29 2017-06-20 安徽华众焊业有限公司 A kind of nothing is every silver-based solder and preparation method thereof
CN109894771B (en) * 2019-04-03 2020-10-30 南京理工大学 Low-silver cadmium-free silver solder
CN113843548B (en) * 2021-09-16 2023-03-31 南京理工大学 High-strength cadmium-free low-silver brazing filler metal

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WO2008061406A1 (en) * 2006-11-26 2008-05-29 Changshu Huayin Filler Metals Co., Ltd. A cadmium less silver brazing filter metal
CN101049655A (en) * 2007-05-14 2007-10-10 骆华明 Silver solder of containing gallium, indium, and rare earth neodymium and cerium without cadmium
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