CN103804054A - Culture medium optimizing and short cut log cultivating method of phellinus igniarius - Google Patents
Culture medium optimizing and short cut log cultivating method of phellinus igniarius Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to cultivation of a fungus plant, and relates to a culture medium optimizing and short cut log cultivating method of phellinus igniarius. The phellinus igniarius stock culture medium comprises 20g of glucose, 2g of soy peptone, 18g of agar, 0.46g of monopotassium phosphate, 1g of dipotassium phosphate, 0.5g of magnesium sulfate and 1000ml of water. The short cut log cultivating method of phellinus igniarius comprises the following steps of (1) separating phellinus igniarius stock species by using a substantive tissue separation method, (2) culturing phellinus igniarius stock species, (3) culturing phellinus igniarius cultivated species, and (4) preparing short cut log cultivation material. Chinese oak logs are selected as bacteria sticks, so that the cost of artificially cultivating phellinus igniarius is low, the yield is high, the quality is good, the content of effective elements is high and abundant economic returns can be obtained.
Description
technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fungi plant cultivation, Phellinus culture medium is optimized and short segment wood cultivated method.
Background technology
In the prior art, Phellinus is a kind of rare large-scale medicinal fungi, and its pharmaceutical use is just on the books as far back as the Tang Dynasty " property of medicine opinion ".Compendium of Material Medica is recorded, and Phellinus can be controlled addiction and drink the metal-inflicted wound of gathering, suffer from abdominal pain; " Chinese medicine voluminous dictionary " narrates it can treat internal medicine various diseases.Its sporophore is used as medicine, mildly bitter flavor, the sharp the five internal organs of energy, a surname's intestines gas, hemostasis, toxin expelling and stomach antidiarrheal.Modern medicine study shows; Phellinus except thering is the pharmacological action in Traditional Chinese medical theory, also have anticancer, antitumor, anti-ageing, antifatigue, anti-oxidant, anti-fibrosis, hemopoietic function of bone marrow damage protection, immunomodulatory, protect the liver and the effect such as anti-liver cirrhosis.Phellinus is perennial wood-decay fungi; owing to being subject to the singularity of physiological ecological and the restriction of complicacy and external environment condition; the sporophore rareness forming at occurring in nature; add in recent years; the consumption of Phellinus strengthens day by day; the purchase of particularly China's wild resource being robbed formula abroad, wild resource is fewer and feweri.Therefore need to obtain its active substance by number of ways, as carry out artificial juggle cultivation, liquid and solid fermentation etc.Artificial juggle cultivation is at the early-stage, not yet has the concrete report about artificial juggle cultivation Phellinus, the domestic precedent of also not gathering of tame finished product Phellinus sporophore.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is provides one to improve substratum for above-mentioned deficiency, realizes the feasible Phellinus culture medium of artificial culture Phellinus and optimizes and short segment wood cultivated method.
Technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of Phellinus mother culture media, made by the raw material of following weight: glucose 20g, soy peptone 2g, agar 18g, potassium primary phosphate 0.46g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 1g, magnesium sulfate 0.5g, water 1000ml.
A kind of Phellinus pedigree seed culture medium, is made up of the raw material of following weight: toothed oak wood chip 77%, wheat bran 10%, Semen Maydis powder 10%, glucose 2%, gypsum 1%.
A kind of Phellinus cultivar substratum, is made up of the raw material of following weight: toothed oak wood chip 50%, cotton seed hulls 39%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%.
The short segment wood cultivated method of a kind of Phellinus, is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1) adopt fruit body tissue separation method to separate Phellinus starter kind: to carry out surface sterilization processing to picking up from the wild Phellinus sporophore in Changbaishan area, hook up a fritter Phellinus sporophore and be put on inclined-plane mother culture media; Be placed in 27 ℃ of-30 ℃ of thermostat containers and cultivate, treat that sporophore tissue block grows milk yellow mycelia around, being transplanted to new test tube at colony edge picking tip mycelium transplants on mother culture media inclined-plane, 27 ℃ of-30 ℃ of constant temperature culture, 10d mycelia can be covered with test tube, so repeatedly transplant 2-3 time, obtained strains is as mother's kind; Described mother culture media is: glucose 20g, soy peptone 2g, agar 18g, potassium primary phosphate 0.46g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 1g, magnesium sulfate 0.5g, water 1000ml.
(2) Phellinus Primary spawn: pedigree seed culture medium is toothed oak wood chip 77%, wheat bran 10%, Semen Maydis powder 10%, glucose 2%, gypsum 1%; In 28 ℃ of thermostatic chambers, cultivate in darkroom.
(3) Phellinus cultivar is cultivated: cultivar substratum is toothed oak wood chip 50%, cotton seed hulls 39%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%; In 28 ℃ of thermostatic chambers, cultivate in darkroom.
(4) preparation of short segment wood cultivated material:
Select toothed oak wood to make bacterium rod, for subsequent use after autoclaving.Described bacterium rod selects toothed oak wood species as segment wood cultivated material, and a slightly diameter 4-8cm is cut into the long billet of 18-20 cm, cleave in two, be combined into the Duan Mu Bales of approximately 15 cm, pack in low pressure polyethylene bacterium bag, one deck wood chip wheat bran skin nutrilite is filled at juggle two, wood chip, wheat bran ratio are 3:1, poach, ties sack, section wood bag is pricked to twice simultaneously, make the comparatively tight of Duan Muyu plastics bag laminating, for subsequent use after autoclaving.
(5) inoculation of bacterium rod is cultivated with bacteria developing period:
By aseptic technique, select the vigorous Phellinus cultivation strain of mycelial growth, adopt two inoculation method, inoculum size is 20%, take bacterial classification capping charge level as degree.
Sending out culture temperature between bacterium incubation period is 28 ℃, and shading is cultivated, ventilate every day 1 time, and incubation time 35-40d.
(6) the sporophore growth growth period cultivates:
When mycelia color in bacterium rod has pale yellow becoming when deep yellow, at bacterium rod both sides lateral incision mouth, opening proterties crescent, long 2cm, crescent width is less than 1cm, and each bacterium bag can be opened respectively in bacterium bag both sides two mouths.
Bacterium wood buries soil cultivation: first make cultivation bed on booth ground, and covered with plastic film on canopy, sunshade net or straw screen or mat shade, designated port standing tree buries soil cultivation, first by dark 6 cm, seeding row spacing 10 cm × 10 cm dig pit, then by bacterium bag one end apart from 6 cm place ring cuttings at the bottom of bag, at the bottom of taking off bag, standing tree is put in hole, sandy soil in training, and then bacterium bag ring is drawn to two cuttves with blade, cut plastic film for degree, only mark twice fruiting mouth or seam.Cultivation bed can be made three bacterium beds by the wide booth of 6m, middle bacterium bedside 2m, and the each 1.2m of both sides bacterium bed, stays 60 cm effect roads between bed, and 20 cm waterwayss are respectively stayed on canopy both sides.
Fruit body development period management: when mycelia color in bacterium rod enters the former base differentiation phase by light yellow, now adopt the method for day and night temperature, daytime 28 ℃ of culture temperature, nocturnal temperature is reduced to 20 ℃, processes continuously 3d; Relative air humidity is controlled between 85%-95%; Giving scattered light irradiates.
The fruit body development stage, 25 ℃ of growth temperatures, relative air humidity remains between 85%-95%, ventilates every day 2 times, each 30min; Scattered light irradiates.
Sporophore is gathered: Phellinus sporophore answers 2-3 to gather once, adopt stay greatly little.
Advantage of the present invention is: 1, the present invention sets about from the selection three aspects: of the selection of Phellinus mother culture media, pedigree seed culture medium selection, cultivar substratum; determine Phellinus substratum Reasonable Parameters; to obtaining good Phellinus bacterial classification, provide prerequisite guarantee for successfully cultivating Phellinus mushroom entity.2, selecting oak segment to make bacterium rod, adopt and bury soil cultivation, determine reasonable cultivation condition, is 28 ℃ as sent out culture temperature between bacterium incubation period, and shading is cultivated, ventilate every day 1 time, and incubation time 35-40d; While entering the former base differentiation phase, now adopt the method for day and night temperature, daytime 28 ℃ of culture temperature, nocturnal temperature is reduced to 20 ℃, processes continuously 3d; Relative air humidity is controlled between 85%-95%; Giving scattered light irradiates; The fruit body development stage, 25 ℃ of growth temperatures, relative air humidity remains between 85%-95%, ventilates every day 2 times, each 30min; Scattered light irradiates, and has guaranteed that Phellinus artificial cultivation method is feasible, and suitability for industrialized production.3, the oak segment artificial culture Phellinus production means is with low cost, and output is high, and quality is good, and active constituent content is high; Can obtain abundant economy return.4, this studies to save and develops this precious Resources of Medicinal Fungi of Phellinus bacterium; exhaustion, scientific experiment and research are difficult to exploitation and the market development utilizes limited practical problems because the natural resources finite sum species resource that excessively harvesting causes is on the verge of to make up wild Phellinus bacterium, have great economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail.
Embodiment
Experimental example 1
The research of phellinus liteus culture condition
1 materials and methods
1.1 Phellinus bacterial strains (phelliuns igniarius Phellinus igniarius), pick up from the toothed oak wood (Mongolian oak) in the aged mountain range forest of Changbai Mountain system.
1.2 for examination substratum
Basic medium: glucose 20g, soy peptone 2g, agar 18g, potassium primary phosphate 0.46g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 1g, magnesium sulfate 0.5g, water 1000ml.
1.3 experimental technique
1.3.1 strain separating and purifying are cultivated
Adopt fruit body tissue separation method to separate Phellinus starter kind.Under strict aseptic technique, carry out surface sterilization processing to picking up from the wild Phellinus sporophore in Changbaishan area, repeatedly embrocate sporophore surface with 75% alcohol and be placed in aseptic dull and stereotyped culture dish, then it is for subsequent use that culture dish is put into Bechtop.Longitudinally cut from Phellinus sporophore base portion with the scalper of flame calcination sterilizing; and then delineate several ' well ' word with scalper from section center at wish separated part, hook up a fritter Phellinus sporophore (mung bean size) with the inoculation hook of flame calcination sterilizing and be put on inclined-plane basic medium.Be placed in 28 ℃ of thermostat containers and cultivate.After 2 days, mycelia starts to sprout, treat that sporophore tissue block grows milk yellow mycelia around, be transplanted on new test tube basic medium inclined-plane at colony edge picking tip mycelium, 28 ℃ of constant temperature culture, 10d mycelia can be covered with test tube, so repeatedly transplant 2-3 time, obtained strains is as mother's kind, and it is for subsequent use that mycelia is covered with the interior preservation of the rearmounted 4 ℃ of refrigerators of test tube.
1.3.2 inoculation culture and observation procedure
The test tube basic medium of sterilizing is poured in the aseptic dull and stereotyped culture dish of diameter 9cm, each culture dish adds basic medium 15ml; After culture medium solidifying, in culture dish, connect the bacterium piece of a diameter 5mm, each processes 3 culture dish of inoculation (repeating for three times).Measure a colony diameter every 3 days, calculate mycelial growth rate, and observe bacterium colony variation and growing way.
1.3.3 data statistical approach
Processing, correlation analysis and the chart of raw data, use Excel software processes, variance analysis SPSS12.0 software processes, the significance of difference (p < 0.05) of application Duncan one-way analysis of variance between respectively processing.
1.3.4 the impact of different carbon sources on phellinus liteus growth
Replace the glucose in basic medium with maltose, sucrose, lactose, N.F,USP MANNITOL respectively, 28 ℃, under dark condition, cultivate, observe the impact of different carbon sources on phellinus liteus growth.
1.3.5 the impact of different nitrogen sources on phellinus liteus growth
Replace the soy peptone in basic medium with extractum carnis, yeast extract paste, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride respectively, 28 ℃, under dark condition, cultivate the impact of observation different nitrogen sources on phellinus liteus growth.
1.3.6 the impact of differing temps on phellinus liteus growth
Use basic medium, at 18 ℃, 21 ℃, 24 ℃, 27 ℃, 30 ℃, 33 ℃, under dark condition, cultivate respectively, the impact of observation differing temps on phellinus liteus growth.
1.3.7 the impact of different pH on phellinus liteus growth
Use basic medium, adjust pH, respectively at 5.0,5.5,6.0,6.5,7.0,7.5,28 ℃, is cultivated under dark condition, observes the impact of different pH values on phellinus liteus growth.
2 results and analysis
The impact (the results are shown in Table 1-1) of 2.1 different carbon sources on phellinus liteus growth
The impact of the different carbon sources of table 1-1 on phellinus liteus growth (
± S.D n ﹦ 3)
Can find out 1-1 from table: Phellinus all can be grown in 5 kinds of carbon sources for examination, but different carbon source affects significant difference (p < 0.05) to mycelial growth.When take glucose as carbon source, mycelial growth rate is the fastest, 4.2 mm/d; Successively be N.F,USP MANNITOL, sucrose, maltose, lactose thereafter; From growth growing way, when glucose is carbon source, bacterium colony mycelia is dense, growth potential is vigorous, take N.F,USP MANNITOL and sucrose during as carbon source, bacterium colony mycelia is elongated, denser, growth potential is more vigorous, and take lactose and maltose, during as carbon source, bacterium colony mycelia is sparse, weak (in Table 1-1) of growth potential.As can be seen here, the optimum carbon source of this bacterium mycelial growth is glucose.
The impact (the results are shown in Table 1-2) of 2.2 different nitrogen sources on phellinus liteus growth
The impact of table 1-2 different nitrogen sources on phellinus liteus growth (
± S.D n ﹦ 3)
Can find out 1-2 from table: Phellinus all can be grown in 5 kinds of nitrogenous sources of trial-product, but different nitrogen sources affects significant difference (p < 0.05) to mycelial growth.When take peptone as nitrogenous source, mycelial growth rate is the fastest; Successively be yeast extract paste, ammonium chloride, saltpetre, extractum carnis thereafter; From growth potential, when peptone is nitrogenous source, bacterium colony mycelia is dense, growth potential is vigorous, take yeast extract paste and extractum carnis, during as nitrogenous source, bacterium colony mycelia is denser, growth potential is more vigorous, but, during take extractum carnis as nitrogenous source, mycelial growth rate is slow, take ammonium chloride and saltpetre during as nitrogenous source bacterium colony mycelia sparse, growth potential is weak (in Table 1-2).As can be seen here, the utilization of the nitric nitrogen (saltpetre, ammonium chloride) during this bacterium is inorganic nitrogen-sourced to two kinds is without marked difference, and compared with inorganic nitrogen-sourced, this bacterium can utilize organonitrogen better, and the suitableeest nitrogenous source of mycelial growth is soy peptone.
The impact (the results are shown in Table 1-3) of 2.3 differing tempss on phellinus liteus growth
The impact (colony diameter mm) of table 1-3 differing temps on phellinus liteus growth
From table 1-3, can find out: what differing temps was grown on phellinus liteus affects significant difference (p < 0.05).When culture temperature is 18 ℃, mycelial growth rate is slow, is only 1.2mm/d; Along with the rising of temperature, mycelial growth rate is progressively accelerated; In the time that temperature is 27 ℃, the speed of growth of mycelia is the fastest, is 3.8mm/d; In the time of temperature rise to 33 ℃, although mycelia can grow, the speed of growth obviously slows down.Significance of difference test result shows, it is not remarkable that 27 ℃ and 30 ℃ of temperature affect difference to mycelial growth rate, but both with other Temperature Treatment between have significant difference.Therefore, the suitable growth temperature of mycelia is 27 ℃-30 ℃.
The impact (the results are shown in Table 1-4) of 2.4 different pH on phellinus liteus growth
The impact of the different pH of table 1-4 on phellinus liteus growth
Can find out 1-4 from table: on the basic medium of phellinus liteus within the scope of pH5.5-7.5, all can grow, but different pH affects significant difference (p < 0.05) to phellinus liteus growth.When basic medium pH 5.0, mycelial growth rate is 3.2 mm/d; When basic medium pH 5.5, mycelial growth rate is very fast, is 3.6 mm/d, and bacterium colony mycelia is denser, growth potential is more vigorous; When basic medium pH 6.0, mycelial growth rate is the fastest, is 3.8 mm/d, and bacterium colony mycelial growth is dense, and growth potential is vigorous; Basic medium pH is greater than at 6.0 o'clock, and mycelial growth rate increases with pH and slows down, growth potential also a little less than; When basic medium pH 7.5, mycelial growth rate is down to 2.6mm/d.Phellinus is suitable for growing in slant acidity environment as can be seen here.Simultaneously significance of difference test result shows, between the impact of pH 6.0 on the phellinus liteus speed of growth and processing, has significant difference.Therefore, in this experiment, pH 6.0 is the optimum pH of phellinus liteus growth.
Experimental example 2
The research of Phellinus original seed, cultivar culture medium
The production of phellinus igniarius strain is a very important ring in whole Phellinus cultivation process.Only have good bacterial classification, then be equipped with good cultivation condition, just may successfully obtain Phellinus sporophore.Excellent species obtain key except bacterial classification kind, most critical be exactly the selection of substratum or culture medium, only have suitable culture medium could obtain stalwartness, great-hearted excellent species.This experiment is set about from the selection three aspects: of mother culture media selection, pedigree seed culture medium selection, cultivar culture material, to obtaining good Phellinus bacterial classification, provides prerequisite guarantee for successfully cultivating Phellinus mushroom entity.
The screening of 1 Phellinus bacterium pedigree seed culture medium
1.1 materials and methods
1.1.1 strains tested
Phellinus bacterial strain (phelliuns igniarius phellius ingiarius), picks up from the toothed oak wood (Mongolian oak) in the forest of mountain range, Xi Lao ridge, Changbai Mountain for 2004.
1.1.2 experimental technique
Select five kinds of different pedigree seed culture mediums:
1) corn culture medium: dry corn, is put into after boiling water is boiled and pulled out after 4 hours with bubble, and control water, adds 1% gypsum, stirring and evenly mixing.
2) mulberry wood chips substratum: mulberry wood chips 77%, wheat bran 10%, Semen Maydis powder 10%, glucose 2%, gypsum 1%, stirring and evenly mixing.
3) toothed oak sawdust medium: toothed oak wood chip 77%, wheat bran 10%, Semen Maydis powder 10%, glucose 2%, gypsum 1%, stirring and evenly mixing.
4) poplar sawdust medium: poplar bits 77%, wheat bran 10%, Semen Maydis powder 10%, glucose 2%, gypsum 1%, stirring and evenly mixing.
5) birch sawdust medium: birch bits 77%, wheat bran 10%, Semen Maydis powder 10%, glucose 2%, gypsum 1%, stirring and evenly mixing.
Substratum is prepared respectively, fill high 10 cm, diameter 8 cm Cans cultivation Phellinus bacterium, each formula (processing) fills 30 bottles, and every 10 bottles is 1 group, repeats for 3 times, adopts high pressure steam sterilization, and pressure 0.11 MPa (121 ℃ of temperature) continues 2.5h.Under aseptic condition, inoculate, after inoculation, under 25 ℃ of-28 ℃ of conditions, airtight shading is cultivated, and phellinus liteus sprouting state, mycelial growth rate on the each substratum of observed and recorded filter out the suitableeest pedigree seed culture medium of Phellinus bacterial classification.
1.1.3 data statistical approach
Processing, correlation analysis and the chart of raw data, use Excel software processes, variance analysis SPSS12.0 software processes, the significance of difference (p < 0.05) of application Duncan one-way analysis of variance between respectively processing.
1.2 results and analysis
The growing state of table 2-1 Phellinus in 5 kinds of Primary spawn matrix
Can find out 2-1 from table: phellinus liteus all can be grown in 5 kinds of Primary spawn matrix, but the growth of different culture media confrontation phellinus liteus affect significant difference (p < 0.05).In corn culture medium, Phellinus bacterium growing way is best, fast growth, and 30d just can cover with seed bottle, and mycelia color is brown color, and surperficial mycelia kink, has very thick lawn; Toothed oak sawdust medium growing way is fine, and mycelia all has unanimously, and 37d covers with seed bottle substantially, and color is pale brown; Poplar bits and the growth of birch sawdust medium phellinus liteus are intensive, and growing way is better, newborn mycelium color cadmium yellow, and mycelial growth rate is relatively slow; Mulberry wood chips substratum mycelia growing way is good, and surperficial mycelia is intensive, and newborn mycelia color is light yellow, but mycelial growth rate is slow, and 50d can cover with seed bottle.In sum: relatively phellinus liteus growth growing way and speed on these 5 kinds of pedigree seed culture mediums, corn culture medium optimum, but cost is the highest, and in four kinds of sawdust mediums, the research of toothed oak wood chip is more suitable for making Phellinus bacterium original seed.
The screening of 2 Phellinus bacteria cultivation kind matrix
2.1 materials and methods
2.1.1 strains tested
On the toothed oak wood (Mongolian oak) that Phellinus bacterial strain ((phelliuns igniarius phellius ingiarius)) picks up from the forest of mountain range, Xi Lao ridge, Changbai Mountain for 2004.
2.1.2 experimental technique
The selection of Phellinus artificial culture matrix, according to pedigree seed culture medium the selection result, further reduces and expands numerous cost, according to the principle of gathering materials on the spot, and the following 5 kinds of cultivar substratum of design:
1) wood chip wheat, bran substratum: toothed oak wood chip 80%, wheat bran 18%, sucrose 1%, gypsum 1%;
2) wood chip rice chaff substratum: toothed oak wood chip 77%, thin rice chaff 22%, gypsum 1%;
3) cotton seed hulls sawdust medium: toothed oak wood chip 50%, cotton seed hulls 39%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%;
4) wood chip corn cob substratum: toothed oak wood chip 65%, corn cob 34%, gypsum 1%;
5) corn cob wheat bran substratum: corn cob 80%, wheat bran 19%, gypsum 1%.
Prepare respectively planting material matrix, pack the culture material preparing into high 10cm, diameter 8 cm Cans, seal bottleneck with polypropylene, adopt high pressure steam sterilization, pressure 0.11 MPa (121 ℃ of temperature) continues 2.5h.Under aseptic condition, inoculate, after inoculation, under 25 ℃ of-28 ℃ of conditions, airtight shading is cultivated, and observation phellinus liteus is sent out bacterium situation.The bacterium situation of sending out, mycelia feature, the full bottle number of days that record mycelia by investigation, filter out the suitable cultivar formula of Phellinus bacterium.
2.2 results and analysis
The growing state of table 2-2 Phellinus on 5 kinds of culture mediumes
The different culture media impact on cultivar mycelial growth of filling a prescription, show from table 2-2 result: on 5 kinds of cultivation bases, mycelial growth rate exists significant difference, phellinus liteus speed of growth on cotton seed hulls wood chip wheat bran substratum is the fastest, it covers with bag time is 36d, and growth potential is strong, mycelia is closeer, faint yellow; On wood chip wheat bran substratum, the speed of growth is taken second place, and it covers with bag time is 39d, and on corn cob wheat bran substratum, the speed of growth is the slowest, and 51d covers with bacterium bag, and a little less than growing way, mycelia is more sparse.Therefore,, according to overall target, cotton seed hulls wood chip wheat bran substratum is cultivar optimal medium.
The research of three short segment wood cultivated technology
1 materials and methods
1.1 test materials
1.1.1 strains tested and source thereof
On the toothed oak wood (Mongolian oak) that Phellinus bacterial strain ((phelliuns igniarius phellius ingiarius)) picks up from the forest of mountain range, Xi Lao ridge, Changbai Mountain for 2004.
1.1.2 for the preparation that tries original seed (secondary kind) substratum
Evidence original seed selects toothed oak wood chip to do substratum for well, adds 1% terra alba to mix when preparation in grain, for subsequent use after bottling autoclaving.
1.1.3 for the preparation that tries cultivar (three grades of kinds) substratum
Select after the culture medium prescription bottling autoclaving of cultivar for subsequent use by testing sieve.
1.1.4 the screening of cultivation section wood species
1.1.4.1 for the preparation and the preparation that try segment wood cultivated material
The seeds that grow under field conditions (factors) according to wild Phellinus, selecting the common mulberry tree in Changbaishan area, toothed oak tree (Mongolian oak), willow (mountain white poplar) and birch (white birch) is planting material.The age of tree is at 6-10.
1.1.4.2 the preparation of segment wood cultivated material (being bacterium rod)
Select above 4 kinds of different seeds as segment wood cultivated material, contrast its growth on phellinus liteus and sporophore thereof and the impact of output.A slightly diameter 4-8cm, is cut into the long billet of 18-20 cm, and cleave in two (thin does not split) is combined into the Duan Mu Bales of approximately 15 cm, packs in low pressure polyethylene bacterium bag 50 bags of each seeds into.One deck wood chip wheat bran skin nutrilite (wood chip, wheat bran ratio are 3:1, add suitable quantity of water and mix thoroughly) is filled at juggle two, ties sack, section wood bag is pricked to twice simultaneously, makes the comparatively tight of Duan Muyu plastics bag laminating, for subsequent use after autoclaving.
1.2 test method
1.2.1 original seed (secondary kind) is cultivated
Strictly observe aseptic technique requirement by Phellinus slant strains access pedigree seed culture medium (female a kind of slant tube connects 6 bottles of 500g Cans), in 28 ℃ of thermostatic chambers, cultivate in darkroom, and 30d mycelia can be covered with seed bottle.
1.2.2 the cultivation of cultivar (three grades of kinds)
Under aseptic condition, access Phellinus grain second class inoculum, 1 bottle of second class inoculum can connect 20 bottles of 750ml Cans, and in 28 ℃ of thermostatic chambers, cultivate in darkroom, and 40d bacterial classification can cover with bottle.
1.2.3 the inoculation of bacterium rod is cultivated with bacteria developing period
Strictly observe aseptic technique, select the vigorous Phellinus cultivation strain of mycelial growth, adopt two inoculation method, inoculum size is 20%, take bacterial classification capping charge level as degree.
Sending out culture temperature between bacterium incubation period is 28 ℃, and shading is cultivated, and also changing gradually yellow into can enter physiological differentiation stage to treat to cover with bacterium rod by mycelia.
1.2.4 the sporophore growth growth period cultivates
When mycelia color in bacterium rod has pale yellow becoming when deep yellow, at bacterium rod both sides lateral incision mouth, opening proterties crescent, long 2cm, crescent width is less than 1cm, and each bacterium bag can be opened respectively in bacterium bag both sides two mouths.
2 results and analysis
2.1 bacteria developing period management
Send out 28 ℃ of bacterium stage culture temperature, do not need illumination, cultivate in darkroom, ventilate every day 1 time, and incubation time 35-40d.
2.2 bacterium wood bury soil cultivation
First make cultivation bed on ground, the wide booth of 6m can be made three bacterium beds, middle bacterium bedside 2m, the each 1.2m of both sides bacterium bed, between bed, stay 60 cm effect roads, 20 cm waterwayss are respectively stayed on canopy both sides, and covered with plastic film on canopy (12) and two-layer sunshade net (or straw screen or mat) shade.Bed surface whole good after, adopt de-bag, designated port standing tree buries soil cultivation, first by dark 6 cm, seeding row spacing 10 cm × 10 cm dig pit, then by bacterium bag one end apart from 6 cm place ring cuttings at the bottom of bag, at the bottom of taking off bag, standing tree is put in hole, sandy soil in training, and then with blade, bacterium bag ring is drawn to two cuttves (cutting plastic film for degree), only mark twice fruiting mouth (seam), not de-bag, is beneficial to moisturizing.
2.3 fruit body development period managements
When mycelia color in bacterium rod enters the former base differentiation phase by light yellow, now adopt the method for day and night temperature, daytime 28 ℃ of culture temperature, nocturnal temperature is reduced to 20 ℃, processes continuously 3d, can accelerate Phellinus sporophore and occur.
Find by test, relative air humidity is larger to Phellinus sporophore growth speed and quality influence thereof, for this reason, has investigated the impact of different gradient relative air humidities on Phellinus sporophore growth speed and quality.Result shows, relative air humidity is controlled between 85%-95% and is conducive to Phellinus sporophore growth, and it is best that the Phellinus quality obtaining also reaches.Temperature is another the important environmental factor that affects Phellinus sporophore growth velometer quality.Excess Temperature, although Phellinus sporophore is looked soon, sporophore weight is lighter, and excess Temperature adds high humidity, is easy to bacteria infection, thereby reduces output.In view of this, we have also investigated the impact of differing temps on Phellinus sporophore growth and quality.Considering between temperature and relative air humidity under interactional prerequisite, finally finding, temperature is being controlled to 25 ℃ and can takes into account Phellinus sporophore growth speed and quality.Reach between 85%-95% at relative air humidity, Phellinus sporophore bacteria infection phenomenon is less.
In addition, find by test: in the time having sufficient oxygen, be conducive to Phellinus sporophore growth; For this reason, culturing room early, evening each ventilation once, each 30min, can accelerate Phellinus sporophore growth like this, can also guarantee Phellinus quality simultaneously.
2.4 sporophores are gathered
Phellinus is perennial medicinal fungi, and sporophore growth is slower, answers 2-3 to gather once, adopt stay greatly little.
Artificial wood section cultivation's the Phellinus sporophore shape of a hoof or kidney shape, wooden hard, monolithic or two, three stacked lifes, base portion is thicker, and edge is thin blunt circle gradually, and it is deep yellow to light coffee color that cap is.No matter the Phellinus of wood cultivation is in sporophore shape feature, or Phellinus output and quality are all better than the Phellinus of plastics cultivation, and the Phellinus sporophore of juggle cultivation is similar to wild Phellinus.
When the not regrowth of Phellinus cap, and see while having a small amount of spore to distribute, just enter the sporophore ripening stage.Gather and cut off from Phellinus sporophore base portion with cutter, principle is to adopt to stay greatly littlely, gathers in limit maturation, limit.
The comparison of 2.5 different sections of wood species cultivation Phellinus output
The growing state of table 3-1 Phellinus on 5 kinds of different tree species
| Seeds | Connect bacterium quantity (bag) | Cover with bacterium rod time (d) | Growth potential | Survive quantity (bag) | The fruit-body formation time (d) | Average single excellent output (g) | Ultimate production (Second Year receipts) |
| Mulberry | 50 | 60 | A little less than | 23 | 45 | 58 | 1334 |
| Toothed oak | 50 | 48 | By force | 46 | 25 | 110 | 5060 |
| Poplar | 50 | 45 | By force | 48 | 30 | 80 | 3840 |
| Birch | 50 | 52 | ? | 45 | 32 | 78 | 3510 |
The impact of the linden of different tree species on phellinus liteus and sporophore growth and output; can find out from the result of table 3-1: on the juggle of 4 different tree species, mycelia, sporophore growth speed and output thereof exist obvious difference; Phellinus is grown comparatively fast on toothed oak wood; 48d covers with bacterium wood substantially; bury after soil cultivation 35d just successively at scarfing place or sack produce sporophore; the first damp sporophore of after autumn gathering for 2 years; adopt stay greatly little; the average per unit area yield Phellinus of juggle sporophore (dry product) 110g; output; sporophore quality is hard, and form is close with wild person.Although mycelial growth rate fast (45d covers with bacterium wood) in poplar section; fruit-body formation is (after burying soil cultivation, 30d produces successively) early; but its output is not as good as oak segment (mean yield is 80g/ section), and Phellinus sporophore quality is more loose, and quality product is taken second place.Mulberry is cultivated because bark is thinner, and a little less than mycelia growing way, long speed is slow, generally needs 60d to cover with bacterium wood, and has part juggle not produce Phellinus sporophore after cultivation, surviving rate less than 50%, average per unit area yield 58g/ section; However, the Phellinus product of growing on mulberry is called superfine product, favored by human consumer.Therefore, we still continue to inquire into and further investigation adopts mulberry section cultivation Phellinus, and hope can improve the output of mulberry section cultivation Phellinus as early as possible.
3 discuss
Find by experiment in cultivation: Phellinus bacterium is the higher type fungi of middle temperature, sporophore differentiation temperature between 25 ℃-35 ℃, continue 35 ℃ above and 18 ℃ all can not break up below.Meanwhile, Phellinus bacterium also belongs to alternating temperature firm type fungi, and the row that thermal stimulation is conducive to Phellinus sporophore becomes.
Opening shape and size affect shape and the formation of Phellinus mushroom entity.Find through test, adopt the wooden designated port of ring section (only the standardized not de-bag of seam, can ventilate, not dehydration), favourable fruiting, is best Ways of fruiting.Square aperture or circular open easily make Phellinus ear dentification time lag, and its possible cause is large owing to being exposed to airborne mycelia area, competitive strong between mycelia, and are unfavorable for the formation of Phellinus sporophore, and the Phellinus sporophore profile now forming is bad.
Relative air humidity is also one of important factor affecting Phellinus bacterium fruit-body formation, and relative air humidity is too low can accelerate the evaporation of Phellinus mushroom solid object surface moisture, and moisture in matrix is run off in a large number, even makes Phellinus fruit body primordium withered and dead.Relative air humidity is excessive, easily makes again respiration be obstructed, and suppresses Phellinus sporophore growth and grows.Suffer infecting of Neurospora because hot and humid culture condition causes Phellinus bacterium wood, so will note observing at any time mycelia colour-change in bacterium bag, discovery living contaminants should be isolated immediately, in case infect other bacterium bag.Phellinus should be controlled between 85%-95% at fruiting stage relative air humidity, and temperature is controlled at 25 ℃, this conditions favouring Phellinus growth, and fruiting is good.
Ventilation also can not be ignored the formation of Phellinus sporophore, and in matrix, anoxic can suppress the respiration of phellinus liteus, makes mycelial growth slow, and mycelia is weak, and when serious, phellinus liteus stops growing, even dead.Phellinus fruiting at least ventilates 2 times every day in stage, each 30min.If Phellinus sporophore stage oxygen deficiency, easily causes Phellinus sporophore that a large amount of deformities occur, affect Phellinus grade.
Phellinus does not need light at vegetative stage, darkroom constant temperature culture.After the former base of Phellinus forms, should give with suitable scattered light and stimulate, can accelerate the differentiation of Phellinus fruit body primordium.Phellinus liteus also can form fruit body primordium in dark surrounds, but Phellinus fruit-body color is more shallow, for faint yellow; Giving the Phellinus sporophore quality stimulating with scattered light better, is deep yellow.
Describe above, just the specific embodiment of the present invention, various not illustrating is construed as limiting flesh and blood of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a Phellinus mother culture media, is characterized in that being made up of the raw material of following weight: glucose 20g, soy peptone 2g, agar 18g, potassium primary phosphate 0.46g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 1g, magnesium sulfate 0.5g, water 1000ml.
2. a Phellinus pedigree seed culture medium, is characterized in that being made up of the raw material of following weight: toothed oak wood chip 77%, wheat bran 10%, Semen Maydis powder 10%, glucose 2%, gypsum 1%.
3. a Phellinus cultivar substratum, is characterized in that being made up of the raw material of following weight: toothed oak wood chip 50%, cotton seed hulls 39%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%.
4. the short segment wood cultivated method of Phellinus, is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1) adopt fruit body tissue separation method to separate Phellinus starter kind: to carry out surface sterilization processing to picking up from the wild Phellinus sporophore in Changbaishan area, hook up a fritter Phellinus sporophore and be put on inclined-plane mother culture media; Be placed in 27 ℃ of-30 ℃ of thermostat containers and cultivate, treat that sporophore tissue block grows milk yellow mycelia around, being transplanted to new test tube at colony edge picking tip mycelium transplants on mother culture media inclined-plane, 27 ℃ of-30 ℃ of constant temperature culture, 10d mycelia can be covered with test tube, so repeatedly transplant 2-3 time, obtained strains is as mother's kind; Described mother culture media is: glucose 20g, soy peptone 2g, agar 18g, potassium primary phosphate 0.46g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 1g, magnesium sulfate 0.5g, water 1000ml;
(2) Phellinus Primary spawn: pedigree seed culture medium is toothed oak wood chip 77%, wheat bran 10%, Semen Maydis powder 10%, glucose 2%, gypsum 1%; In 28 ℃ of thermostatic chambers, cultivate in darkroom;
(3) Phellinus cultivar is cultivated: cultivar substratum is toothed oak wood chip 50%, cotton seed hulls 39%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%; In 28 ℃ of thermostatic chambers, cultivate in darkroom;
(4) preparation of short segment wood cultivated material:
Select toothed oak wood to make bacterium rod, for subsequent use after autoclaving;
(5) inoculation of bacterium rod is cultivated with bacteria developing period:
By aseptic technique, select the vigorous Phellinus cultivation strain of mycelial growth, adopt two inoculation method, inoculum size is 20%, take bacterial classification capping charge level as degree;
Sending out culture temperature between bacterium incubation period is 28 ℃, and shading is cultivated, ventilate every day 1 time, and incubation time 35-40d;
(6) the sporophore growth growth period cultivates:
When mycelia color in bacterium rod has pale yellow becoming when deep yellow, at bacterium rod both sides lateral incision mouth, each bacterium bag can be opened respectively in bacterium bag both sides two mouths;
Bacterium wood buries soil cultivation: first make cultivation bed on booth ground, and covered with plastic film on canopy, sunshade net or straw screen or mat shade, and designated port standing tree buries soil cultivation;
Fruit body development period management: when mycelia color in bacterium rod enters the former base differentiation phase by light yellow, now adopt the method for day and night temperature, daytime 28 ℃ of culture temperature, nocturnal temperature is reduced to 20 ℃, processes continuously 3d; Relative air humidity is controlled between 85%-95%; Giving scattered light irradiates;
The fruit body development stage, 25 ℃ of growth temperatures, relative air humidity remains between 85%-95%, ventilates every day 2 times, each 30min; Scattered light irradiates;
Sporophore is gathered: Phellinus sporophore answers 2-3 to gather once, adopt stay greatly little.
5. according to the short segment wood cultivated method of Phellinus claimed in claim 4; it is characterized in that described bacterium rod selects toothed oak wood species as segment wood cultivated material; a slightly diameter 4-8cm; be cut into the long billet of 18-20 cm; cleave in two; be combined into the Duan Mu Bales of approximately 15 cm; pack in low pressure polyethylene bacterium bag; one deck wood chip wheat bran skin nutrilite is filled at juggle two, and wood chip, wheat bran ratio are 3:1, poach; tie sack; section wood bag is pricked to twice simultaneously, make the comparatively tight of Duan Muyu plastics bag laminating, for subsequent use after autoclaving.
6. according to the short segment wood cultivated method of Phellinus claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that cultivating bed and can make three bacterium beds by the wide booth of 6m, middle bacterium bedside 2m, the each 1.2m of both sides bacterium bed, stays 60 cm effect roads between bed, and 20 cm waterwayss are respectively stayed on canopy both sides.
7. according to the short segment wood cultivated method of Phellinus claimed in claim 4; it is characterized in that designated port standing tree buries soil cultivation and refers to first by dark 6 cm; seeding row spacing 10 cm × 10 cm dig pit; again by bacterium bag one end apart from 6 cm place ring cuttings at the bottom of bag, at the bottom of taking off bag, standing tree is put in hole; sandy soil in training; and then with blade, bacterium bag ring is drawn to two cuttves, and cut plastic film for degree, only mark twice fruiting mouth or seam.
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| CN115287199B (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2023-10-13 | 浙江千济方医药科技有限公司 | Rejuvenation iteration Phellinus linteus strain and cultivation method and application thereof |
| CN115895911A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-04-04 | 食健客(白山)冻干制品科技有限公司 | Culture medium composition for domesticating wild phellinus igniarius and separation domestication culture method of wild phellinus igniarius |
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