CN103795106B - 为插入式电动车辆充电的方法和系统 - Google Patents

为插入式电动车辆充电的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN103795106B
CN103795106B CN201310527696.9A CN201310527696A CN103795106B CN 103795106 B CN103795106 B CN 103795106B CN 201310527696 A CN201310527696 A CN 201310527696A CN 103795106 B CN103795106 B CN 103795106B
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CN103795106A (zh
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B.T.穆勒
N.J.海纳
A.R.塞帕纳克
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/53Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells in combination with an external power supply, e.g. from overhead contact lines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/57Charging stations without connection to power networks
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/64Optimising energy costs, e.g. responding to electricity rates
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00002Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0042Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/50The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2310/56The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
    • H02J2310/58The condition being electrical
    • H02J2310/60Limiting power consumption in the network or in one section of the network, e.g. load shedding or peak shaving
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Abstract

本发明涉及为插入式电动车辆充电的方法和系统。一种用于在插电式电动车辆中为电池充电的系统和方法。在示例性实施例中,方法确定是否延迟电池充电特征是激活的和是否电池严重耗尽。如果两个条件被满足,方法使能优先充电特征,其暂时优先于延迟充电特征并且根据优先充电过程开始为电池充电直到其达到不再严重耗尽的水平。在这点上,方法可终止优先充电过程并且启动延迟充电过程,其设计成具有非高峰电价、预期的车辆使用时间等优点。

Description

为插入式电动车辆充电的方法和系统
技术领域
本发明总的涉及插入式电动车辆,且更特定地涉及为插入式电动车辆充电的方法和系统。
背景技术
已知的是不同类型的插电式电动车辆中的充电系统包括延迟充电特征。当激活的时候,延迟充电特征,如其名称所表达的,导致车辆电池的充电被延迟一段时间,而不是在车辆被“插电”时立即为电池充电。
延迟充电特征可提供一些好处。这些好处可以包括,例如,减少在这样的要求通常在其高峰的时期期间对电源的需要,允许电池在电消耗减小的时期期间(即非高峰电价)被充电,尽可能靠近已知出发时间地充电以便减少电池的电荷损失,通过将在最大电荷状态(SOC)时的时间最小化来增强其表寿命。不过,延迟充电特征不是没有缺陷。
例如,当具有严重耗尽的电池的插电式电动车辆连接到电源的时候,实现延迟充电特征实际上使车辆无法使用直到电池充分地被再充电。因此,如果在延迟充电时间期间需要使用车辆计划外的事件发生(例如,到商店的行程),车辆将不可用。
发明内容
根据一个实施例,提供一种用于在插电式电动车辆中为电池充电的方法。方法可以包括步骤:(a)确定是否延迟充电特征是激活的;(b)确定是否预充电电池参数满足优先充电阈值;和(c)当延迟充电特征是激活的,预充电电池参数满足优先充电阈值的时候,则使用控制模块使能优先充电特征,其暂时优先于延迟充电特征并根据优先充电过程为电池充电。
根据另一个实施例,提供一种用于在插电式电动车辆中为电池充电的方法。方法可以包括步骤:(a)确定是否电池连接到外部电源;(b)确定是否电池严重耗尽;(c)当电池连接到外部电源,电池严重耗尽的时候,则使用控制模块绕过延迟充电过程并根据优先充电过程为电池充电;以及(d)当电池仍然连接到外部电源,电池不再严重耗尽的时候,则使用控制模块停止优先充电过程并开始延迟充电过程。
根据另一个实施例,提供一种系统,其用于为插电式电动车辆中的电池充电,包括:联接到电池的一个或多个电池传感器,联接到电池传感器的控制模块,和联接到控制模块的电池充电器。控制模块被配置用来:确定是否延迟充电特征是激活的;确定是否电池参数满足优先充电阈值;以及当延迟充电特征是激活的且电池参数满足优先充电阈值的时候提供命令信号。命令信号使电池充电器根据优先充电过程为电池充电。
本发明还提供了以下方案:
1. 一种在插电式电动车辆中为电池充电的方法,包括步骤:
(a)确定是否延迟充电特征是激活的;
(b)确定是否预充电电池参数满足优先充电阈值;和
(c)当延迟充电特征是激活的,并且预充电电池参数满足优先充电阈值的时候,则使用控制模块使能优先充电特征,其暂时优先于延迟充电特征,并根据优先充电过程为电池充电。
2. 根据方案1所述的方法,其特征在于,预充电电池参数从电池传感器接收并且包括从组中选择的至少一个参数,所述组包括:电池电荷状态(SOC)或电池电压。
3. 根据方案1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(b)进一步包括确定是否优先充电特征是激活的,并且步骤(c)进一步包括当延迟充电特征和优先充电特征是激活的,并且预充电电池参数满足优先充电阈值的时候,则使用控制模块使能优先充电特征。
4. 根据方案1所述的方法,其特征在于,其进一步包括步骤:
(d)确定是否后充电电池参数满足延迟充电阈值,并且根据优先充电过程为电池充电直到后充电电池参数满足延迟充电阈值。
5. 根据方案4所述的方法,其特征在于,预充电电池参数包括与后充电电池参数相同的参数或参数的结合。
6. 根据方案4所述的方法,其特征在于,预充电电池参数包括与后充电电池参数不同的参数或参数的结合。
7. 根据方案4所述的方法,其特征在于,后充电电池参数从电池传感器接收并且包括从组中选择的至少一个参数,所述组包括:电池电荷状态(SOC),电池电压或电池电流。
8. 根据方案4所述的方法,其特征在于,优先充电阈值或延迟充电阈值的至少一个包括由用户提供的用户定义或用户选择的值。
9. 根据方案4所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(b)进一步包括通过确定是否电池电荷状态(SOC)读数小于SOC阈值来确定是否预充电电池参数满足优先充电阈值,步骤(d)进一步包括通过确定是否电池电荷状态(SOC)读数大于或等于SOC阈值来确定是否后充电电池参数满足延迟充电阈值。
10. 根据方案4所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(d)进一步包括:
(i)接收用于后充电电池参数的读数,所述读数在控制模块处从一个或多个电池传感器接收;
(ii)将用于后充电电池参数的读数与延迟充电阈值相比较,所述比较在控制模块处执行;和
(iii)只要用于后充电电池参数的读数不满足延迟充电阈值,则提供命令信号用于根据优先充电过程继续为电池充电,所述命令信号从控制模块提供给电池充电器。
11. 根据方案1所述的方法,其特征在于,其进一步包括步骤:
(d)使用来自优先充电过程的信息来进行或更改延迟充电过程,并且当后充电电池参数满足延迟充电阈值时,则根据延迟充电过程为电池充电。
12. 一种在插电式电动车辆中为电池充电的方法,包括步骤:
(a)确定是否电池连接到外部电源;
(b)确定是否电池严重耗尽;
(c)当电池连接到外部电源,并且电池严重耗尽的时候,则使用控制模块绕过延迟充电过程并根据优先充电过程为电池充电;和
(d)当电池仍然连接到外部电源,并且电池不再严重耗尽的时候,则使用控制模块停止优先充电过程并开始延迟充电过程。
13. 根据方案12所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(b)进一步包括通过确定是否预充电电池参数满足优先充电阈值来确定是否电池严重耗尽。
14. 根据方案13所述的方法,其特征在于,预充电电池参数从电池传感器接收并且包括从组中选择的至少一个参数,所述组包括:电池电荷状态(SOC)或电池电压。
15. 根据方案12所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(d)进一步包括通过确定是否后充电电池参数满足延迟充电阈值来确定何时电池不再严重耗尽。
16. 根据方案15所述的方法,其特征在于,后充电电池参数从电池传感器接收并且包括从组中选择的至少一个参数,所述组包括:电池电荷状态(SOC),电池电压或电池电流。
17. 根据方案15所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(d)进一步包括:
(i)接收用于后充电电池参数的读数,所述读数在控制模块处从一个或多个电池传感器接收;
(ii)将用于后充电电池参数的读数与延迟充电阈值相比较,所述比较在控制模块处执行;和
(iii)只要用于后充电电池参数的读数不满足延迟充电阈值,则提供命令信号用于根据优先充电过程继续为电池充电,所述命令信号从控制模块提供给电池充电器。
18. 根据方案12所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(d)进一步包括使用来自优先充电过程的信息来进行或更改延迟充电过程。
19. 一种用于为插电式电动车辆中的电池充电的系统,包括:
联接到电池的一个或多个电池传感器,所述电池传感器提供电池参数;
联接到电池传感器的控制模块,其用于接收电池参数,所述控制模块被配置用来:
确定是否延迟充电特征是激活的;
确定是否电池参数满足优先充电阈值;和
当延迟充电特征是激活的并且电池参数满足优先充电阈值的时候提供命令信号;以及
联接到控制模块的电池充电器,其用于接收命令信号,其中命令信号使电池充电器根据优先充电过程为电池充电。
附图说明
优选的示例性实施例将在下文中参考附图描述,其中类似的标号意味着类似的元件,且其中:
图1是可使用在此所公开的充电系统和方法的插电式电动车辆的示例性实施例的示意性视图;
图2是可用于为例如在图1中所示的插电式电动车辆的电池充电的示例性方法的流程图;和
图3是示出了图2中所示的方法的示例性应用的视图。
具体实施方式
本文所述的充电方法和系统可用于为具有电池的任何类型的插电式电动车辆充电,例如插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV),增程电动车辆(EREV),或电池电动车辆(BEV),来引证一些可能性。概括地,当插电式电动车辆连接到外部电源时,方法和系统确定是否优先充电特征应被使能。如果是,延迟充电特征占优于或暂时优先于延迟充电特征的操作并没有延迟地为插电式电动车辆的电池充电。在电池严重耗尽例子中,优先充电特征首先为电池充电至最小水平然后通过控制到延迟充电特征,以便其可以利用非高峰电价、优选的充电时间等优点。这里所用的“严重耗尽的”指的是电池电荷、电压、电流和/或其他一些参数是如此低以至于在需要的情况下(例如去商店或医院)插电式车辆甚至不能短途驾驶的条件或状态。
参考图1,图中示出了可与在此所述的方法和系统一起使用的示例性的插电式电动车辆10的一些部件。虽然如下描述在特定的图1所示的插电式电动车辆10的情况中提供,但应认识到的是此车辆仅是示例性的且当然可替代地使用其他插电式电动车辆。根据示例性的实施例,插电式电动车辆10与外部电源12相互作用且在其他部件中可包括电源接头20,电源联接器22,电池充电器24,电池30,电动马达32,逆变器/转换器34,控制模块40,用户接口60和通信模块70。
外部电源12通过电源联接器22为插电式电动车辆10提供了电力,且可以是现有技术中已知的多个不同的电源类型之一。例如,外部电源12可以是通过标准电力出口(例如,110 VAC或220 VAC出口)提供电力的公共设施,或可以是例如以天然气、丙烷、汽油、柴油等运行的类型的便携式发电机。在一个实施例中,外部电源12是可再生的电源,例如通过来自太阳能电池板、风力涡轮机、水电装置、生物质等的能量驱动的远程充电站。外部电源12不限制于任何特定的类型或实施例,只要外部电源可通过电源联接器22为插电式电动车辆10提供电力。
电源接头20是插电式电动车辆上的电源联接器22可插入或插进其内的电入口。这使得车辆所有者或使用者能容易地将插电式电动车辆10连接到例如通常在大多数车库和充电站所找到的公用AC壁装插座或从其断开。电源接头20不限制于任何特定的设计,且可以是任何类型的入口、连接件、插座、插头、接口、插孔等,包括基于电导、电感或其他类型的电连接的电源接头。这些连接类型的一些被一个或多个国际标准所优先于(例如,IEC62196类型1-2和模式1-4,IEC 60309,SAE J1772等)。在示例的实施例中,电源接头20是位于插电式电动车辆10的外部上的电入口,使得所述电源接头20可容易地被接近(例如,在铰链式门或活门下),且包括一个或更多个通向电池充电器24的用于传输电力的连接件和一个或更多个通向控制模块40的用于通信的连接件。其他布置和连接件当然是可以的。
电源联接器22可用于将外部电源12连接到插电式电动车辆10。电源联接器有时称为电动车辆供给设备(EVSE)电线组件。在一个实施例中,电源联接器22可以是特别地设计为与插电式电动车辆一起使用的专用的电线组件(例如,在规范SAE J1772和J1773中所描述的那些),其包括第一端,电缆或电线,控制单元和第二端。电源联接器22的第一端是插入到标准的AC壁装插座内的三插脚接头,且其第二端是插入到车辆上的电源接头20的专门设计的连接件。电缆将电力从外部电源12传输或传递到插电式电动车辆10,但也可在电源联接器22的控制单元和位于车辆上的装置(如控制模块40)之间传输一个或更多个通信信号。电源联接器22的控制单元可包括许多电子部件,包括、但当然不限制于传感器,收发器,处理装置,存储装置,接触器,开关,接地故障断路器(GFCI)部件,以及任何其他合适的部件。在示例实施例中,电源联接器22的控制单元由外部电源供给电力,监测电源联接器周围的各种情况(例如,电力的存在,电力的电压和/或电流,电源联接器的温度,等),且与控制模块40关于这些情况进行通信。本领域技术人员将认识到,在此所述的方法不限制于任何特定的电源联接器或电线组件,因为可使用许多不同的电源联接器。
电池充电器24可从包括外部和/或内部电源的多个来源接收电力。在外部电源的情况中,电池充电器24可通过电源联接器22接收电力,如已解释的,所述电源联接器22将外部电源12连接到电池充电器24。在内部电源的情况中,电池充电器24可从再生制动、马达驱动的发电机或某些其他的内部源通过车辆内的连接件接收电力。在某些实施例中,电池充电器24可配置成执行下面所述的充电控制方法的一个或多个步骤。本领域一般技术人员将认识到,电池充电器24可根据许多不同的实施例被提供,可连接在许多不同的构造中,且可包括许多不同的部件,例如变压器、整流器、开关电源、滤波装置、冷却装置、传感器、控制单元和/或本领域中已知的任何其他合适的部件。
电池30为插电式电动车辆提供以电力,且取决于特定的实施例所述电池30可以是用于车辆的初级电源,或可以与用于供电目的的另一个电源组合使用,这里仅给出以上两个示例。可使用许多不同的电池类型和布置,包括在此示意性地示出的示例的一个,它包括电池组50,一个或多个电池传感器52和电池控制单元54。电池组50是高压电池组且可包括串联、并联或两者组合地连接的相同的或单独的电池单元的集合,以便提供希望的电压、安培数、电容、功率密度和/或其他性能特征。通常,希望提供高的功率密度和能量密度,这已经导致开发和使用许多类型的电池,包括化学电池、非化学电池等。合适的电池类型的一些示例包括基于如下技术的电池:锂离子,镍金属氢化物(NiMH),镍镉(NiCd),钠氯化镍(NaNiCl),或某一其他电池技术。电池组50可提供大约40至600V,这取决于其特定的设计和应用。例如,使用双模式混合动力系统的重型卡车可能要求能够提供大约350V的高电压电池组,而较轻型的车辆可能仅需要大约200V。在另一个实施例中,电池30可以是皮带式交流发电机起动机(BAS)或BAS插入型系统的一部分,因此仅要求电池组提供大约40至110 V。在任何情况中,电池组50应设计为耐受重复充电和放电循环,且从外部电源12接收电能。本领域一般技术人员将认识到,在此所示且所描述的系统和方法不限制于任一个特定类型的电池或电池设备,因为可使用多种不同的电池类型。
电池传感器52可包括能够监测电池状态或参数(例如电池组50的电参数)的硬件和/或软件部件的任何组合,所述电池状态或参数例如为电池温度、电池电压、电池电流、电池电荷状态(SOC)、电池健康状态(SOH),以及可与电池的电荷水平或容量相关的其他状态或参数。这些传感器可整合在单元30内(例如,人工智能或智能电池),所述传感器可以是位于电池单元外侧的外部传感器,或可以根据某些其他已知的布置提供。电池传感器52可基于逐个单位电池、基于一块或一区域的多个单位电池上的平均或总和、基于整个电池组、基于其中特定单位电池被选择为代表整个电池组的代表性方式,或根据现有技术中已知的某一其他基础或技术来监测并确定电池状态。来自电池传感器52的输出可提供到电池控制单元54,电池充电器24,控制模块40或某一其他合适的装置。相应地,电池传感器52可电连接(例如通过一个或多个导线或电缆,无线地,等等)到前述部件的一个或多个。
电池控制单元54可包括任何多种电子处理装置,存储器装置,输入/输出(I/O)装置,和其他已知的部件,且可执行各种涉及控制和/或通信的功能。例如,电池控制单元54可从多种电池传感器52接收传感器信号,将传感器信号打包为合适的传感器消息,且通过通信总线等将传感器消息发送到控制模块40。电池控制单元54可收集电池传感器读数且将其存储在局部存储器内,使得可将详尽的传感器消息随后提供到控制模块40,或传感器读数一到达电池控制单元54就可被发送到控制模块40或某一其他目的地,这里仅给出数个可能性。作为将电池传感器读数发送到控制模块40以用于随后的处理的替代,电池控制单元54自身可处理或分析传感器读数。在另一个能力方面,电池控制单元54可存储相关的电池特征和隶属于电池的单位电池化学特性、单位电池容量、电池电压的上下极限、电池电流极限、电池温度极限、温度分布图、电池阻抗、充电/放电事件的次数或历史等的背景信息。另外地,在某些实施例中,电池控制单元54可配置成执行下面所述的充电控制方法的一个或多个步骤。
电动马达32可使用存储在电池30内的电能来驱动一个或多个车辆车轮,所述车轮进而驱动车辆。虽然图1示意性地描绘了电动马达32作为单独的离散的装置,但电动马达可与发电机组合(所谓的“mogen”),或可包括多个电动马达(例如,用前轮和后轮的分别的马达,用于每个车轮的分别的马达,用于不同的功能的分别的马达等),这里仅给出数个可能性。插电式电动车辆10不限制于任一个特定类型的电动马达,因为可使用许多不同的马达类型、尺寸、技术等。在一个示例中,电动马达32包括AC马达(例如,三相AC感应马达,多相AC感应马达等),以及可在再生制动期间使用的发电机。电动马达32可根据许多不同的实施例提供(例如,AC或DC马达,有刷或无刷马达,永磁体马达等),电动马达可连接在许多不同构造中,且可包括许多不同的部件,例如冷却部件、传感器、控制单元和/或在现有技术中已知的任何其他合适的部件。
逆变器/转换器34可作为电池30和电动马达32之间的中介,因为这两个装置经常设计为根据不同的运行参数工作。例如,在车辆驱动期间,逆变器/转换器34可将来自电池30的电压升压,且将电流从DC转换为AC以便驱动电动马达32,而在再生制动期间,逆变器/转换器可将由制动事件所生成的电压降压且将电流从AC转化为DC,使得电流可正常地通过电池存储。一定意义上,逆变器/转换器34管理这些不同的运行参数(即AC与DC,不同的电压水平,等)如何一起工作。逆变器/转换器34可包括用于从DC到AC的转换的逆变器,从AC到DC的转换的整流器,用于升高电压的升压转换器或变压器,用于降低电压的降压转换器或变压器,其他合适的能量管理部件,或它们的某种组合。在所示的示例性实施例中,逆变器和转换器单元整合为一个双向装置;然而,其他实施例当然也是可以的。应认识到的是逆变器/转换器34可根据许多不同的实施例提供(例如,带有分开的逆变器和转换器单元、双向或单向的,等),可连接在许多不同构造中,且可包括许多不同的部件,例如冷却系统,传感器,控制单元和/或在现有技术中已知的任何其他合适的部件。
在某些实施例中,插电式电动车辆10还可以包括发动机36和发电机38。发动机36可使用常规的内燃机技术驱动发电机38,且可包括现有技术中任何合适的类型的发动机。合适的发动机的一些示例包括汽油、柴油、乙醇、灵活燃料、自然吸气、涡轮增压、增压、旋转、奥托循环、阿特金森循环和米勒循环发动机,以及现有技术中已知的任何其他合适的发动机类型。根据在此所示的特定实施例,发动机36是小型的燃料有效的发动机(例如,小排量涡轮增压四缸发动机),所述发动机使用其机械输出来使发电机38旋转。本领域一般技术人员将认识到发动机36可根据许多不同实施例提供,可连接在许多不同构造中(例如,发动机36可以是并联混合动力系统的一部分,其中发动机也机械地联接到车轮而作为仅用于生成电的替代),且可包括许多不同的部件,例如传感器、控制单元和/或在现有技术中已知的任何其他合适的部件。
发电机38机械地联接到发动机36,使得发动机的机械输出导致发电机生成可提供到电池30、电动马达32或二者的电力。值得注意的是发电机38可根据许多不同实施例提供(例如,马达32的发电机和发电机38可组合为单独一个单元),可连接在许多不同构造中,且可包括许多不同的部件,例如传感器、控制单元和/或在现有技术中已知的任何其他合适的部件。发电机38不限制于任何特定的发电机类型或实施例。
控制模块40可用于控制、支配或另外地管理插电式电动车辆10的一定的运行或功能,例如电池30(例如其电池组50)的充电。根据一个示例性实施例,控制模块40包括处理装置46和存储装置48。处理装置46可包括执行用于软件、固件、程序、算法、脚本等的指令的任何类型的合适的电子处理器(例如,微处理器、微控制器、特定用途集成电路(ASIC)等)。该处理器不限制于任一个类型的部件或装置。存储装置48可包括任何类型的合适的电子存储装置,且可存储多种数据和信息。这例如包括:感测的电池状态;查询表和其他数据结构;软件,固件,程序,算法,脚本和其他电子指令;部件特征和背景信息;各种电池参数阈值等。本发明方法——以及此任务所需的任何其他的电子指令和/或信息——也可存储或以其他方式维持在存储装置48内。控制模块40可通过I/O装置和例如通信总线的合适的连接件电连接到其他车辆装置和模块,使得它们可按要求相互作用。这些当然仅是控制模块40的一些可能的布置、功能和能力,因为当然其他的也是可以的。取决于特定的实施例,控制模块40可以是独立的电子模块(例如,车辆集成控制模块(VICM),牵引动力逆变器模块(TRIM),电池动力逆变器模块(BPIM)等),它也可被合并或包括在车辆内的另一个电子模块内(例如,动力总成控制模块,发动机控制模块,混合动力控制模块,等),或它可以是更大的网络或系统(例如,电池管理系统(BMS),车辆能量管理系统等)的一部分,这里仅给出数个可能性。
尽管上面的描述提供控制模块40被配置用来执行描述如下所述方法的一个或多个步骤,本发明不应意味着受限于此。而是,保持在本发明的精神和范围内的其他示例性实施例中,插电式电动车辆10的各种部件(例如,电池充电器24,电池控制单元54等),除了或代替控制模块40,可以被配置用来执行方法的一个或多个步骤。充电系统(其是插电式电动车辆的一部分或与插电式电动车辆一起使用),以及其控制单元尤其可以被配置用来执行方法的一个或多个步骤。在插电式电动车辆10的例子中,车辆的一个或多个部件,像电池充电器24,控制模块40,和电池控制单元54,可包括充电系统的一个或多个部件(例如,控制单元),并且这样可以被配置用来执行方法的一个或多个步骤。因此,本方法不限于通过任何一个或多个部件执行。术语“控制模块”和“控制单元”互换地使用并可涉及相同部件。
用户接口60可包括使车辆用户能够与车辆交换信息或数据的硬件、软件和/或其他部件的任何组合。这例如包括例如触摸屏显示器、麦克风、键盘、键区、一个或多个按键、图形用户界面(GUI)或其他合适的控制器的输入部件,在该处,用户接口60从车辆用户接收信息,以及例如视觉显示器、指令面板或声频系统的输出部件,在该处用户接口60将信息提供到车辆用户。在一些情况中,用户接口60包括同时带有输入和输出能力的部件,例如视觉和声频接口。声频接口可以是使用语音识别和/或其他人机接口(HMI)技术的自动语音处理系统的一部分。用户接口60可以是独立的模块;可以是信息系统的一部分或车辆内的某一其他的模块、装置或系统的一部分;它可安装在仪表板上(例如,带有驾驶员信息中心(DIC));它可投影到挡风玻璃上(例如,使用平视显示器);它可集成在现有的声频系统内;或它可简单地包括电子连接件或用于与笔记本计算机或其他计算或数据输入装置连接的端口(有线或无线),这里仅给出数个示例。
如下文中更详细地解释,用户接口60可通过本发明的方法使用以在车辆用户和插电式电动车辆之间以便于充电过程控制的方式交换信息。例如,用户接口60可接收一个或多个客户定制的充电设定,阈值或标准,如利用率性质、车辆情况、充电时间(例如希望的充电开始和/或完成时间)、预期的下一出发时间和/或来自车辆用户的其他输入;可被本方法使用以对插电式电动车辆的电池充电进行控制的输入。另外,用户接口60可被本方法使用以向车辆用户提供电荷状态、报告和/或其他输出。可替代地使用其他用户接口,因为在此所示且描述的示例性的用户接口仅表示了可能性的一些。本方法可利用任何用户接口以在车辆用户和插电式电动车辆之间交换信息且不限制于任何特定的类型。
通信模块70可包括在车辆和某一其他设施之间实现了无线语音和/或数据通信的硬件、软件和/或其他部件的任何组合。根据一个示例性的实施例,通信模块70包括语音接口、数据接口和GPS接收器76,且可集成或整合在例如远程信息处理单元的装置内。语音接口实现了到和/或从插电式电动车辆的语音通信且可包括蜂窝芯片组(例如CDMA或GSM芯片组)、声码器、网络电话(VOIP)设备和/或任何其他合适的装置。另一方面,数据接口实现了到和/或从插电式电动车辆的数据通信,且可包括调制解调器(例如,使用EVDO,CDMA,GPRS或EDGE技术的调制解调器),无线网络部件(例如,使用IEEE 802.11协议、WiMAX、蓝牙等的无线网络部件)或任何其他合适的装置。取决于特定的实施例,通信模块70可通过无线载波系统(例如,蜂窝网络)、无线网络(例如,无线LAN、WAN等)或某一其他的无线媒介通信。GPS接收器76可从GPS卫星的星座接收信号,且使用这些信号来确定车辆位置,如在现有技术中熟知的。
本发明方法可使用通信模块70来在插电式电动车辆10和车辆用户(例如,通过呼叫中心、网站、移动通信装置等)、公共设施和/或某一其他的设施之间交换信息以便于充电过程。例如,通信模块70可用于从当地公用设施接收电价,从用户接收电价偏好等。这包括远程车辆用户,他们通过网站或移动装置进入客户定制的充电设定或标准,然后将其发送到插电式电动车辆。在一个实施例中,通信模块70作为用户接口60的替代工作,用以在车辆用户和插电式电动车辆之间交换信息。在另一个实施例中,通信模块70和用户接口60都用于交换此信息。其他实施例和布置也是可能的。如下所述的方法不限制于任何特定的通信模块或技术,且它可与不同于在此所示且所述的示例性的通信模块的装置一起使用。
再者,示例的插入式电动车辆10的前述描述和图1中的图仅意图于说明一个可能的车辆布置且以一般方式进行说明。许多其他车辆布置和结构,包括与图1中所示的明显不同的车辆布置和结构,可作为替代使用。
转向图2,显示一种示例的方法100,其用于为插电式电动车辆的电池充电,例如插电式电车辆10的电池30。方法100可以使用不同的读数、条件、参数、阈值、信息、比较、计算等等来评估电池的电荷水平或容量并基于该评估控制的电池的充电。例如,方法可以利用用于一个或多个电池参数的值或读数——电池参数的一些非限制性实例包括电池电荷状态(SOC)、电池电压、电池电流等等——结合阈值或其他数据结构从而确定是否电池应根据优先充电过程、延迟充电过程或其他一些过程被充电。
方法100设计为与插电式电动车辆一起使用,其具有延迟充电特征,其允许在车辆已经插入外部电源之后在一些时间为电池充电。延迟充电特征可以基于多个因素,包括由车辆用户所提供的偏好。例如,延迟充电特征可以推迟充电直到一些非高峰时间,即电价低的时候,或其可延迟充电,以便充电过程完成的时间符合车辆的接下来的预期使用,以引证两个可能性。这里所用的术语“延迟充电特征”包括任何特征,其在车辆已经插入外部电源之后使插电式电动车辆推延、推迟和/或以其他方式延迟充电直到一些较晚的时间。当插电式电动车辆包括延迟充电特征的时候,可能期望车辆也包括优先充电特征。
优先充电特征被设计成使得当延迟充电特征是激活的时候,优先充电特征可以暂时优先于延迟充电特征并开始没有延迟地为电池充电。“优先充电过程”,如下面涉及的,确保插电式电动车辆,特别是电池,在充电通常将被延迟的时间期间,在需要使用车辆(例如短途)的计划外事件发生的事件中,至少具有最小电荷水平或容量。优先充电特征可以让车辆用户放心,其知道虽然延迟充电特征是激活的,车辆在非预计情况或需要其使用的情况发生的事件中仍将是可用的。
在插电式电动车辆包括延迟和优先充电特征的示例性实施例中,方法100可以始于步骤102,其确定是否延迟充电特征是激活的。如果延迟充电特征不是激活的,方法可以为电池充电,就像它将在这种特征不存在的情况下通常将进行的(例如,在连接插电式电动车辆到外部电源之后立刻开始为电池充电)。在这种类型的在电池充电中没有有计划的延迟的情况下,方法进行到步骤104,其中电池根据正常默认和/或其他充电过程被充电。如果另一方面,步骤102确定延迟充电特征是激活的,方法可以进行到步骤110。
步骤110,其是可选择的步骤,确定是否优先充电特征是激活的。这个步骤是可选择的一个潜在原因是因为插电式电动车辆能够被配置成使得优先充电特征是默认设置,在这种情况下方法可以跳过步骤110的询问并直接进行到步骤120。如果步骤110确定优先充电特征不是激活的,则方法可以简单地进行到步骤112,以便电池可以根据延迟充电过程(延迟充电特征是激活的,优先充电特征是不活动的情况)被充电。相反地,如果步骤110确定优先充电特征也是激活的或如果优先充电特征是默认设置,则方法继续到步骤120用于进一步评估。根据一个可能的实施例,延迟充电特征和优先充电特征的状态在插电式电动车辆10中的电子存储器中维持并被检索并且由控制模块40或电池控制单元54确定。其他实施例当然是可能的。
步骤120然后确定是否一个或多个预充电电池参数满足优先充电阈值。一般说来,方法仅需要在电池如此被放空(即,预充电电池参数满足优先充电阈值的情况)以至其保证暂时优先于延迟充电特征并立即为电池充电到某些最小水平的情况下实现优先充电特征。如这里所用的“预充电电池参数”可以包括任何条件,变量和/或其他参数,其属于车辆电池并在优先充电过程已经开始为电池充电之前被获得;这通常在插电式电动车辆初始地连接到外部电源的时间左右。预充电电池参数的一些例子包括,但是当然不限于,电池电荷状态(SOC)、电池电压和电池电流,举几个为例。如这里所用的“优先充电阈值”可以包括任何值,限度和/或其他阈值,其通过该方法用于确定是否优先充电特征应被使能。优先充电阈值的一些非限制性实例包括SOC阈值、电压阈值、电流阈值等等。在步骤120的一个示例性实施例中,控制模块40或电池控制单元54从电池传感器52接收初始的电池SOC读数(预充电电池参数)并将其与SOC阈值(优先充电阈值)比较。如果初始的电池SOC读数小于SOC阈值,则优先充电阈值是满足的,如这指示优先充电特征应被使能。
不过,在某些例子中,即使优先充电特征是激活的,其可能不是必须使能它。一个这样的例子是预充电电池参数不满足优先充电阈值的时候;这指示电池上已经具有足够的电荷,以便对优先充电特征的需要,以及其好处被否定。例如,如果电池的初始的电荷状态(SOC)(预充电电池参数)大于相应的SOC阈值(优先充电阈值),则优先充电特征可能不需要,因为电池已经具有足够的电荷量来为插电式电动车辆供能用于短期使用。预充电电池参数,以及如下所述的后充电电池参数可以以各种方法被获得或收集,方法包括:直接测量电池传感器52的参数,通过使用其他数据计算或得出参数,或通过其他一些合适的技术。当然,各种类型的过滤、平均和/或其他处理技术也可以被使用。
一般说来,当预充电电池参数和优先充电阈值之间的比较指示优先充电特征应被使能或以其他方式是适当的时候,优先充电阈值“被满足”。本领域技术人员将认识到,除了上述那些例子,预充电电池参数,优先充电阈值,和比较,可以替代地被使用。在一个实施例中,步骤120将多个预充电电池参数与多个优先充电阈值相比较从而确定是否优先充电特征被需要。如果步骤120确定预充电电池参数不满足优先充电阈值(即,优先充电特征不应被使能),则方法进行到步骤112,以便电池可以根据延迟充电过程被充电,如已经解释的。如果另一方面,步骤120决定预充电电池参数实际上满足优先充电阈值,则方法继续到步骤130。
步骤130根据优先充电过程为电池充电,并且可以一些不同的方法实施。优先充电特征,一旦使能,可以暂时中断,迟缓,占先和/或优先于延迟充电特征的操作,以便优先充电过程可以在插电式电动车辆连接到外部电源之后立刻开始为电池充电。本领域技术人员将认识到“在之后立刻”或“没有延迟”可能不是插电式车辆连接到外部电源的精确的瞬间或时刻,因为通常有一些启动、信号交换和/或其他初始过程,其需要在充电可以开始之前被执行。不过,这与延迟充电过程是不同的,延迟充电过程有意地延迟或推迟充电过程直到较晚的和更优选的时间。优先充电典型地在插电式电动车辆被插上电源的几秒或几分钟之内开始,而延迟充电通常在车辆被插上电源的很多分钟或小时之内开始;上述的时间限制仅意味着说明普通的前提,当然不意味着限制本方法。在一个可能的方案中,控制模块40或电池控制单元54执行用于优先充电过程的指令,这使其发送充电或命令信号给电池充电器24,其在此之后立刻转而使其为电池30充电。
优先充电过程可以继续直到它不再被需要,在这时优先充电过程停止并且延迟充电过程开始。这发生的一种方法是步骤140确定是否一个或多个后充电电池参数满足延迟充电阈值。如这里所用的“后充电电池参数”可以包括任何条件,变量和/或其他参数,其属于车辆电池并在优先充电过程已经开始为电池充电以后被获得。非常像如上所述的优先评估,步骤140采集用于后充电电池参数的读数并将它与延迟充电阈值相比较。如这里所用的“延迟充电阈值”可以包括任何值、限度和/或其他阈值,其由该方法用于确定是否延迟充电特征应被使能。后充电电池参数在整个优先充电过程中可以被获得和监控,从而确定何时延迟充电阈值是满足的,并且因此确定何时优先充电过程可以被终止。在示例性实施例中,电池传感器52提供用于后充电电池参数的周期读数给控制模块40或电池控制单元54,以便方法可监控这样的参数和确定何时优先充电结束和延迟充电开始是适合的。只要延迟充电阈值不满足,方法可以继续循环步骤130和140用于连续的优先充电和监控。一旦延迟充电阈值满足,方法可以进行到步骤112,以根据延迟充电过程为电池充电,如上所述和在下面更详细地解释的。
步骤112可以根据任意数量的不同延迟充电过程被执行,方法100不限于任何特定的一个。在一些实施例中,步骤112简单地实施或执行已经进行的延迟充电过程;在其他实施例中,步骤112首先使用来自优先充电过程的设置进行延迟充电过程,然后实施或执行它。本领域技术人员将认识到各种标准、输入、因子等等可以用于进行用于延迟充电过程的细节,包括决定延迟时间段或后续充电时间段的持续时间,何时每个周期将开始和结束,充电参数等等。用于进行延迟充电计划的合适的标准的一些例子包括预期的充电开始/完成时间,预期的接下来的出发时间,电价偏好,等等。此标准时常由用户提供。一旦延迟充电过程被建立,它的各种细节可以通过用户界面60或通信模块70传送给用户,以便用户知道何时充电将开始和结束。
如上所述,步骤112可以利用来自优先充电过程的信息,从而进行或建立延迟充电过程。例如,如果方法知道在优先充电过程结束时电池将具有大约30%的电荷状态(SOC),此信息在开发延迟充电过程的操作参数或细节中可以是有用的。无论如何,在方法实际执行这样的过程之前的任意点,有或没有来自优先充电过程的信息,步骤112都可以进行或建立延迟充电过程。这包括在图2展示的步骤的任何结合期间进行或建立延迟充电过程。方法100还可以根据来自优先充电过程的信息修改或调节已经建立的延迟充电过程。在这样的实施例中,方法使用来自优先充电过程的信息,以调整或以其他方式操纵一个或多个延迟充电过程的参数或特征。其他实施例当然是可能的。
现在参照图3的图示200,显示了分别在步骤120和140中使用的预充电电池参数和后充电电池参数是电池电荷状态(SOC)的示例性实施例。为了此例子的目的,假定:延迟充电特征和优先充电特征是激活的,电池SOC当插电式电动车辆10初始地连接到外部电源12的时候是22%(预充电电池参数),优先充电阈值是30%的SOC阈值,延迟充电阈值也是30%的SOC阈值(对于为了滞后现象的目的提供稍微在优先充电阈值之上的延迟充电阈值这是有用的)。在用户将插电式车辆10连接到外部电源12用于充电(时间t1)之后,步骤102和110将分别确定延迟和优先充电特征是激活的,步骤120将确定预充电电池参数满足优先充电阈值(22%的电池SOC小于30%的SOC阈值)。如上所述,因为车辆电池30在优先充电特征应被使能的耗尽水平,优先充电阈值满足。不久之后,步骤130根据优先充电过程开始为电池充电,而不是根据延迟充电过程等待并在之后为其充电。在步骤130为电池充电增加电池SOC直到后充电电池参数满足延迟充电阈值(时间t2),其在此例子中是30%的SOC阈值。在这点上,步骤140断定优先充电过程不再被需要,所以它在步骤112启动延迟充电过程,其推迟充电直到更优化或期望的时间(时间t3),例如当电价是更低的时候或当更接近下一次用户预期驾驶车辆的时候。当延迟充电过程确定是时候恢复充电(时间t3)的时候,插电式电动车辆电池的正常充电开始并继续直到电池完成充电(时间t4)。
先前的例子仅仅是示例的并且实际上不意味着限制。例如,有一些不同的电池参数实施例,其可以被该方法使用。在一个例子中,除电池电荷状态(SOC)之外的预充电和后充电电池参数被使用,例如电池电压或电池电流。在电池电压的情况下,步骤120和/或140可以将电池电压与相应电压阈值相比较;在电池电流的情况下,步骤140可以将优先充电过程期间已经流入电池的电流量与相应电流阈值(例如,安培-小时的量)相比较。在图2的示例的方法中,在步骤120和140中使用的预充电和后充电电池参数包括相同的参数或参数的结合(即,它们都使用电池SOC)。不过,在另一例子中,在步骤120和140中使用的预充电和后充电电池参数包括不同的参数或参数的结合(例如,步骤120可以使用电池SOC,步骤140可以使用电池电压或电池SOC和电池电压)。电池参数的其他可能的实施例或实施当然是可能的。
本方法利用不同的阈值实施例也是可能的。例如,当它们被比较的参数小于和/或等于阈值时(例如,在步骤120中的优先充电阈值)一些阈值可以满足,而当它们被比较的参数大于和/或等于阈值时(例如,在步骤140中的延迟充电阈值)其他阈值可以满足。根据另一个例子,优先和/或延迟充电阈值可以是不可调节的值,其设置为设计或制造过程的部分(即,在车辆运送给消费者之前,值可以编程进入电子存储器)。替代地,优先和/或延迟充电阈值可以是用户定义的或用户选择的值,其中用户例如通过用户界面60和/或通信模块70为系统提供预期的值或选择。这样的实施例可以要求方法100包括额外的步骤(未示出),其中方法接收用户定义的或用户选择的阈值,并且在执行步骤120和/或步骤140之前的一些时间利用这样的值建立优先和/或延迟充电阈值。例如,还可能的是优先和/或延迟充电阈值在优先充电过程期间被更改,而不是在所有整个该过程是不变的。在另一个例子中,代替简单地比较不同的电池参数与单个阈值,它们可以与阈值相比较,该阈值在数据结构(例如,查表)中维持并取决于更多或变量(例如,依赖于初始的或预充电SOC读数的延迟充电阈值)。相应地,将认识到任意数量的评估技术可以用于评估取得的参数值并基于该评估确定是否优先充电特征应被使能,并且每个这样的技术保持在本发明的精神和范围内。
方法100也可以具有一个或多个中间步骤,其在适当的地方被插入并执行。例如,用户可以有选择地使用用户界面60、通信模块70或其他一些装置激活或停用优先充电特征和/或延迟充电特征。
应理解的是前述描述不是本发明的定义,而是本发明的一个或多个优选的示例性实施例的描述。本发明不限制于在此所描述的特定的实施例,而是仅通过如下的权利要求限定。此外,包含在前述描述中的陈述涉及特定的实施例且不解释为对本发明的范围的限制或对在权利要求中使用的术语的定义的限制,除非术语或措辞如上明确地所定义的情况。多种其他的实施例和对于所公开的(一个或多个)实施例的多种改变和修改将变得对于本领域一般技术人员是显见的。例如,方法100中的一个或多个步骤可以不执行或可以不适用,或者可以用与上述那种或那些不同的次序执行。步骤102、110和/或120的顺序可以变化,或者例如这些步骤的一些可以省略。因此将认识到方法100的实施例包括少于上述的所有步骤,和/或其步骤的不同次序,保持在本发明的精神和范围内。所有这样的其他的实施例、改变和修改意图于处在附带的权利要求的范围内。
如在此说明书和权利要求中所使用,术语“例如”、“例如”、“如”、“诸如”、“类似于”和动词“包括”、“具有”、“包含”及它们的其他动词形式,当与一系列的一个或多个部件或其他项组合使用时每个被解释为开放式的,意味着该系列不考虑为排除其他的、另外的部件或项。其他术语使用其最广泛的合理意义解释,除非它们被使用在要求了不同的解释的上下文中。

Claims (12)

1.一种在插电式电动车辆中为电池充电的方法,包括步骤:
(a)确定是否延迟充电特征是激活的;
(b)确定是否预充电电池参数满足优先充电阈值;和
(c)当延迟充电特征是激活的,并且预充电电池参数满足优先充电阈值的时候,则使用控制模块使能优先充电特征,其暂时优先于延迟充电特征,并根据优先充电过程为电池充电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,预充电电池参数从电池传感器接收并且包括从组中选择的至少一个参数,所述组包括:电池电荷状态(SOC)或电池电压。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(b)进一步包括确定是否优先充电特征是激活的,并且步骤(c)进一步包括当延迟充电特征和优先充电特征是激活的,并且预充电电池参数满足优先充电阈值的时候,则使用控制模块使能优先充电特征。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,其进一步包括步骤:
(d)确定是否后充电电池参数满足延迟充电阈值,并且根据优先充电过程为电池充电直到后充电电池参数满足延迟充电阈值。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,预充电电池参数包括与后充电电池参数相同的参数或参数的结合。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,预充电电池参数包括与后充电电池参数不同的参数或参数的结合。
7.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,后充电电池参数从电池传感器接收并且包括从组中选择的至少一个参数,所述组包括:电池电荷状态(SOC),电池电压或电池电流。
8.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,优先充电阈值或延迟充电阈值的至少一个包括由用户提供的用户定义或用户选择的值。
9.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(b)进一步包括通过确定是否电池电荷状态(SOC)读数小于SOC阈值来确定是否预充电电池参数满足优先充电阈值,步骤(d)进一步包括通过确定是否电池电荷状态(SOC)读数大于或等于SOC阈值来确定是否后充电电池参数满足延迟充电阈值。
10.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(d)进一步包括:
(i)接收用于后充电电池参数的读数,所述读数在控制模块处从一个或多个电池传感器接收;
(ii)将用于后充电电池参数的读数与延迟充电阈值相比较,所述比较在控制模块处执行;和
(iii)只要用于后充电电池参数的读数不满足延迟充电阈值,则提供命令信号用于根据优先充电过程继续为电池充电,所述命令信号从控制模块提供给电池充电器。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,其进一步包括步骤:
(d)使用来自优先充电过程的信息来进行或更改延迟充电过程,并且当后充电电池参数满足延迟充电阈值时,则根据延迟充电过程为电池充电。
12.一种用于为插电式电动车辆中的电池充电的系统,包括:
联接到电池的一个或多个电池传感器,所述电池传感器提供电池参数;
联接到电池传感器的控制模块,其用于接收电池参数,所述控制模块被配置用来:
确定是否延迟充电特征是激活的;
确定是否电池参数满足优先充电阈值;和
当延迟充电特征是激活的并且电池参数满足优先充电阈值的时候提供命令信号;以及
联接到控制模块的电池充电器,其用于接收命令信号,其中命令信号使电池充电器根据优先充电过程为电池充电。
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CN102317103A (zh) * 2009-02-17 2012-01-11 标致·雪铁龙汽车公司 电池充电管理系统和方法
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