CN103791488A - 烟道气处理系统和燃烧装置的布置 - Google Patents

烟道气处理系统和燃烧装置的布置 Download PDF

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CN103791488A
CN103791488A CN201310509007.1A CN201310509007A CN103791488A CN 103791488 A CN103791488 A CN 103791488A CN 201310509007 A CN201310509007 A CN 201310509007A CN 103791488 A CN103791488 A CN 103791488A
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L.尼尔森
J-M.G.阿曼恩
E.W.贝斯
J.P-O.格鲁布斯特雷姆
W.王
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及烟道气处理系统(1)和燃烧装置(2)的布置。烟道气处理系统(1)包括用以将来自燃烧装置(2)的烟道气的至少一部分供应回燃烧装置(2)的再循环管线(10)、选择性催化还原单元(SCR)、用以从烟道气中分离出CO2的气体处理单元(GPU)。再循环管线(10)在选择性催化还原单元(SCR)的上游离开，并且选择性催化还原单元(SCR)在气体处理单元(GPU)的上游。

Description

烟道气处理系统和燃烧装置的布置
技术领域
本公开涉及烟道气处理系统和燃烧装置的布置。锅炉优选为燃氧锅炉，即，其中使用纯的或几乎纯的氧作为氧化剂来燃烧燃料的锅炉。
背景技术
在锅炉的下游设置烟道气处理系统是已知的。
图1示出了连接于燃烧装置2(诸如锅炉)的已知烟道气处理系统1的实例。
图1示出了烟道气处理系统1具有紧接地位于燃烧装置2下游的选择性催化还原单元SCR；在选择性催化还原单元SCR处，NOx转化成N2和H2O。在选择性催化还原单元SCR的下游设置预热器4，以预热待提供给锅炉(即锅炉的燃烧室)的空气。因而，设置用于移除粒子的静电集尘器ESP和湿法烟道气脱硫装置WFGD。来自湿法烟道气脱硫装置WFGD的烟道气发送到烟囱。
已知烟道气处理系统具有一些缺点。
实际上，因为所有烟道气必须穿过选择性催化还原单元SCR，所以选择性催化还原单元SCR的大小必须大(即，对于全部烟道气而言足够大)。
发明内容
本公开的方面包括提供烟道气处理系统和燃烧装置的布置，通过该布置，选择性催化还原单元SCR具有比已知烟道气处理系统所需的更小的尺寸。
这还有利地影响降低的成本。
通过提供根据所附权利要求的烟道气处理系统和燃烧装置的布置来获得这些和另外的方面。
附图说明
另外的特性和优点从在附图中经由非限制性实例示出的烟道气处理系统和燃烧装置的布置的优选而非排他的实施例的描述将更加显而易见，其中：
图1是根据现有技术的烟道气处理系统的示意图；
图2是本发明的实施例中的烟道气处理系统的示意图。
部件列表
1烟道气处理系统
2燃烧装置
4预热器
10再循环管线
14热交换器
16流
18流
19转向部
20热交换器
22灰尘移除单元
SCR选择性催化还原单元
ESP静电集尘器
WFGD湿法烟道气脱硫装置
GPU气体处理单元。
具体实施方式
参考图2，图2示出了烟道气处理系统1和燃烧装置2(诸如锅炉)的布置。锅炉优选为燃氧锅炉，即，具有被供应燃料(诸如煤、燃油、气体)和基本上纯氧(纯度优选大于95%)的燃烧室的锅炉。在燃氧锅炉中生成的烟道气的主要成分是CO2。
烟道气处理系统1包括再循环管线10，以将燃烧装置2处生成的烟道气的至少一部分供应回燃烧装置2。例如，燃烧装置2处生成的所有烟道气的2/3经由再循环管线10再循环，并且烟道气的其余1/3进一步被处理。
在再循环管线10下游，设置选择性催化还原单元SCR。选择性催化还原单元SCR在基本上大气压力下操作。
例如，选择性催化还原单元SCR由气体穿过其的催化剂材料的床或结构限定。在选择性催化还原单元SCR上游，例如氨或尿素的还原剂喷射到烟道气中。在选择性催化还原单元SCR中，氨或尿素接着与烟道气中存在的NOx反应，以形成N2和H2O。
来自选择性催化还原单元SCR的烟道气优选地供应到热交换器14中以回收热，并且接着供应到脱硫单元(诸如由吸收柱(或洗涤柱或洗涤塔)限定的湿法烟道气脱硫装置WFGD)中，其中，洗涤液体典型地从顶部逆流地喷雾到在柱的底部处进入的气体。
在湿法烟道气脱硫装置WFGD下游，设置气体处理单元GPU，以从烟道气的其它气体中分离出CO2。
气体处理单元GPU从烟道气的主要由氩、N2限定且通常被排出的其余成分的流18中分离出基本上纯的CO2的流16。
气体处理单元GPU例如包括压缩步骤和冷却步骤。
有利地，再循环管线10在选择性催化还原单元SCR的上游离开，并且选择性催化还原单元SCR在气体处理单元GPU的上游，并且在基本上大气压力下操作。上游和下游意图参考烟道气流动。
在燃烧装置2与再循环管线10的转向部19之间，优选地设置热交换器20。因此，热交换器20在再循环管线10的回路中。热交换器20冷却选择性催化还原单元SCR上游的烟道气。
热交换器20优选为用于诸如待供应给燃烧装置的氧的氧化剂的预热器。
另外，还可设置在选择性催化还原单元SCR上游的灰尘移除单元22。
有利地，灰尘移除单元22的出口处的烟道气的温度符合选择性催化还原单元SCR处需要的温度。无论如何这不是强制性的，并且可设置附加的热交换器(冷却器或加热器)，以符合选择性催化还原单元SCR处需要的温度。
布置的操作从描述和示出的为显而易见的，并且基本上如下。
在燃烧装置2处，利用氧燃烧燃料，从而生成蒸汽(例如在蒸汽涡轮中膨胀)和烟道气。
烟道气引导穿过预热器20，其中，该烟道气被冷却(同时，引导到燃烧装置的燃烧室中的氧被加热)。接着，冷却烟道气穿过灰尘移除单元22(诸如静电集尘器或过滤器)，其中，从该冷却烟道气中移除灰尘和固体粒子。
以该方式处理的烟道气分成第一部分(在燃烧装置2处生成的总烟道气的大约2/3)和第二部分(在燃烧装置处生成的总烟道气的大约1/3)，该第一部分再循环回到燃烧装置的燃烧室中，该第二部分供应到选择性催化还原单元SCR。
因为供应到选择性催化还原单元SCR的烟道气的量仅是在燃烧装置处生成的总烟道气的小部分，所以选择性催化还原单元SCR可具有基本上小于传统烟道气处理系统需要的选择性催化还原单元大小的大小。
在选择性催化还原单元SCR处，例如氨或尿素的还原剂喷射到烟道气中，使得NOx转化成N2和H2O。典型地，还原剂在选择性催化还原单元SCR的上游进行喷射。
在热交换器14和湿法烟道气脱硫装置处，从烟道气中分别移除H2O和SO2，因而该烟道气准备好进入气体处理单元GPU。
在气体处理单元GPU处，烟道气被压缩和冷却，以从烟道气的生成流16和18的其它成分中分离出CO2。
当然，可独立于彼此来设置描述的特征。
实际上，可根据要求和现有技术来任意选择使用的材料和尺寸。

Claims (10)

1. 一种烟道气处理系统(1)和燃烧装置(2)的布置，所述烟道气处理系统(1)包括
再循环管线(10)，其用以将来自所述燃烧装置(2)的烟道气的至少一部分供应回所述燃烧装置(2)，
选择性催化还原单元(SCR)，
其特征在于，
所述烟道气处理系统(1)包括用以从所述烟道气中分离出CO2的气体处理单元(GPU)，
所述再循环管线(10)在所述选择性催化还原单元(SCR)的上游离开，
所述选择性催化还原单元(SCR)在所述气体处理单元(GPU)的上游。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的布置，其特征在于，包括用于在所述选择性催化还原单元(SCR)上游冷却所述烟道气的热交换器(20)。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的布置，其特征在于，所述热交换器(20)是用于待供应到所述燃烧装置(2)的氧化剂的预热器。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的布置，其特征在于，包括在所述选择性催化还原单元(SCR)上游的灰尘移除单元(22)。
5. 根据权利要求4所述的布置，其特征在于，所述灰尘移除单元(22)的出口处的所述烟道气的温度符合所述选择性催化还原单元(SCR)处需要的温度。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的布置，其特征在于，包括紧接在所述选择性催化还原单元(SCR)的下游的热交换器(14)。
7. 根据权利要求1所述的布置，其特征在于，所述气体处理单元(GPU)至少包括压缩机步骤和冷却步骤。
8. 根据权利要求1所述的布置，其特征在于，在所述选择性催化还原单元(SCR)处，还原剂喷射到所述烟道气中。
9. 根据权利要求8所述的布置，其特征在于，所述还原剂的喷射在所述选择性催化还原单元(SCR)的上游发生。
10. 根据权利要求1所述的布置，其特征在于，所述选择性催化还原单元(SCR)在基本上大气压力下操作。
CN201310509007.1A 2012-10-26 2013-10-25 烟道气处理系统和燃烧装置的布置 Pending CN103791488A (zh)

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