CN103748292A - 工程机械 - Google Patents

工程机械 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103748292A
CN103748292A CN201280040423.5A CN201280040423A CN103748292A CN 103748292 A CN103748292 A CN 103748292A CN 201280040423 A CN201280040423 A CN 201280040423A CN 103748292 A CN103748292 A CN 103748292A
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China
Prior art keywords
torque
motor
change
combustion engine
time rate
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
CN201280040423.5A
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English (en)
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CN103748292B (zh
Inventor
石田诚司
佐竹英敏
梶田勇辅
山冈士朗
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Hitachi Construction Machinery Co Ltd
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Hitachi Construction Machinery Co Ltd
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Publication of CN103748292A publication Critical patent/CN103748292A/zh
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2062Control of propulsion units
    • E02F9/2075Control of propulsion units of the hybrid type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L15/00Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2009Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/13Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B60L7/14Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles propelled by ac motors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • B60W20/16Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect for reducing engine exhaust emissions
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/30Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom
    • E02F3/32Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom working downwardly and towards the machine, e.g. with backhoes
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2062Control of propulsion units
    • E02F9/207Control of propulsion units of the type electric propulsion units, e.g. electric motors or generators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D29/00Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D29/00Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
    • F02D29/02Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving vehicles; peculiar to engines driving variable pitch propellers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • B60K6/485Motor-assist type
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    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L2240/445Temperature
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    • B60L2240/80Time limits
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Abstract

本发明提供一种工程机械,能够减少从搭载在工程机械上的内燃机排出的颗粒状物质(PM)或氮氧化物(NOX)。工程机械(200)具有:根据转矩指令而被控制的柴油发动机(101);与柴油发动机机械结合的电动机(102);和向电动机供给电力的蓄电装置(111),通过柴油发动机和电动机来驱动液压泵(103)而进行作业。速度控制器(118)根据速度指令来控制电动机(102)的速度。转矩限制器(115)根据转矩目标而求出被限制了时间变化率的转矩指令。

Description

工程机械
技术领域
本发明涉及工程机械,尤其涉及通过内燃机和电动机来驱动液压发生器、并通过液压来进行作业的工程机械。
背景技术
以往,公知在混合动力式工程机械中,尽可能地以简单的结构通过电动发电机来进行发动机的辅助工作和发电工作,从而将发动机准确地控制成作为目标的运行状态(例如,参照专利文献1)。为此,在专利文献1中,在控制器中,求出与设定转速的最佳转矩对应的发动机转速来作为目标转速,在发动机的负载转矩较大而发动机转速比目标转速低时,根据偏差使电动发电机作为电动机工作而进行转矩辅助,在发动机的负载转矩较小而发动机转速比目标转速高时,根据偏差使电动发电机作为发电机工作而发电并在蓄电池中进行蓄电,由此,以使发动机接近最佳运行状态的方式进行控制。
另外,公知有在液压负载急剧增大时也以一边适当地维持内燃机的运行条件一边与液压负载的增大相应地增大向液压发生器供给的动力的方式进行控制的工程机械(例如,参照专利文献2)。为此,在专利文献2中,通过内燃机来驱动液压发生器而进行作业,并且将内燃机的输出的增加率设定成规定值。而且,对根据增加率的规定值求出的内燃机的输出上限值和根据对液压发生器要求的液压输出求出的要求动力进行比较。在要求动力超过输出上限值时,以使内燃机的输出为输出上限值以下的方式进行控制。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2003-28071号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2009-216058号公报
发明内容
但是,在专利文献1所记载的工程机械中,没有考虑负载转矩骤变的情况下的过渡状态,由于无法避免内燃机即发动机的输出转矩的时间变化率增大的状况,所以需要过量的燃料喷射,存在产生大量颗粒状物质(PM)或氮氧化物(NOX)的情况。
另外,在专利文献2所记载的工程机械中,由于根据液压发生器的要求输出来控制电动机,所以需要液压发生器的要求输出,但在工程机械的情况下难以确定施加在作业机械上的负载、难以详细地检测工作油的流量等,导致难以准确地检测或推算出要求输出,而且,不对发动机的状态进行反馈地控制电动机,因此,由于相对于要求输出的误差而导致难以准确地控制发动机的输出转矩的时间变化率。因此,与专利文献1同样地,存在产生大量颗粒状物质(PM)或氮氧化物(NOX)的情况。
本发明的目的在于提供一种工程机械,能够降低从搭载在工程机械上的内燃机排出的颗粒状物质(PM)或氮氧化物(NOX)。
为了实现上述目的,本发明为一种工程机械,具有:根据转矩指令而被控制的内燃机;与该内燃机机械结合的电动机;和向该电动机供给电力的蓄电装置,该工程机械通过上述内燃机和上述电动机来驱动液压发生器而进行作业,还具有:第1控制机构,其根据速度指令来控制上述电动机的速度;和第2控制机构,其根据转矩目标而求出被限制了时间变化率的上述转矩指令。
另外,本发明为一种工程机械,具有:内燃机;与该内燃机机械结合的电动机;和向该电动机供给电力的蓄电装置,该工程机械通过上述内燃机和上述电动机来驱动液压发生器而进行作业,根据速度指令而对上述电动机进行速度控制,并且,在上述液压发生器的转矩的时间变化率小的情况下,上述内燃机的转矩大于上述电动机的转矩,在上述液压发生器的转矩的时间变化率大的情况下,上述电动机的转矩大于上述内燃机的转矩。
而且,本发明为一种工程机械,具有:内燃机;与该内燃机机械结合的电动机;和向该电动机供给电力的蓄电装置,该工程机械通过上述内燃机和上述电动机来驱动液压发生器而进行作业,根据速度指令而对上述电动机进行速度控制,并且,在上述液压发生器的转矩的时间变化率小的情况下,相对于上述液压发生器的转矩的时间变化率的变化,上述内燃机的转矩时间变化率的变化较大,在上述液压发生器的转矩的时间变化率大的情况下,相对于上述液压发生器的转矩的时间变化率的变化,上述内燃机的转矩时间变化率的变化较小。
根据上述结构,能够减少从搭载在工程机械上的内燃机排出的颗粒状物质(PM)或氮氧化物(NOX)。
发明效果
根据本发明,能够减少从搭载在工程机械上的内燃机排出的颗粒状物质(PM)或氮氧化物(NOX)。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的一实施方式的工程机械的整体结构的侧视图。
图2是表示对本发明的一实施方式的工程机械进行驱动的驱动系统的结构的框图。
图3是表示在本发明的一实施方式的工程机械中使用的驱动系统的动作的时序图。
图4是表示在本发明的一实施方式的工程机械中使用的驱动系统的动作的时序图。
图5是表示在本发明的一实施方式的工程机械中使用的驱动系统的动作的时序图。
图6是表示在本发明的一实施方式的工程机械中使用的驱动系统的动作的时序图。
图7是表示在本发明的一实施方式的工程机械中使用的驱动系统的动作的时序图。
图8是表示在本发明的一实施方式的工程机械中使用的驱动系统的动作的时序图。
图9是表示对本发明的其他实施方式的工程机械进行驱动的驱动系统的结构的框图。
图10是表示在本发明的其他实施方式的工程机械中使用的驱动系统的动作的时序图。
图11是表示在本发明的其他实施方式的工程机械中使用的驱动系统的动作的时序图。
具体实施方式
以下,使用图1~图8来说明本发明的一实施方式的工程机械的结构及动作。此外,在此,作为工程机械的代表,使用液压挖掘机进行说明。
首先,使用图1来说明本实施方式的工程机械的整体结构。
图1是表示本发明的一实施方式的工程机械的整体结构的侧视图。
液压挖掘机200具有行驶体201及旋转体202。行驶体201具有通过行驶用液压马达来使工程机械行驶的功能。行驶体由右行驶体和左行驶体构成,分别通过独立的行驶用液压马达而驱动。旋转体202通过旋转机构113而相对于行驶体201旋转。
在旋转体202的前部另一侧(例如朝向前方时的右侧),具有进行挖掘作业的动臂203、斗杆204及铲斗205。动臂203、斗杆204及铲斗205分别通过液压缸107、液压缸106及液压缸105而驱动。
另外,旋转体202具有驾驶室206,操作员搭乘在驾驶室206中,并通过操作杆来操作工程机械200。
接下来,使用图2来说明对本实施方式的工程机械进行驱动的驱动系统的结构。
图2是表示对本发明的一实施方式的工程机械进行驱动的驱动系统的结构的框图。
作为内燃机的柴油发动机101与第1电动机102机械结合,并驱动作为液压发生器的液压泵103。在此,例如,柴油发动机101、第1电动机102及液压泵103以相同转速机械结合。从液压泵103输出的工作油根据基于操作员的操作而在控制阀104中进行分配,并供给到液压缸105、106、液压缸107、以及左行驶用液压马达108、右行驶用液压马达109。液压缸105驱动图1所示的铲斗205。液压缸106驱动图1所示的斗杆204。液压缸107驱动图1所示的动臂203。左行驶用液压马达108及右行驶用液压马达109分别驱动图1所示的行驶体201中的左行驶体、右行驶体。
第1电动机102及驱动旋转机构113的第2电动机112分别为三相同步电动机,另外,也是电动发电机。电力转换器110将蓄存在蓄电装置111中的直流电转换成三相交流电,并供给到第1电动机102和第2电动机112,从而驱动第1电动机102及第2电动机112。另外,使第1电动机102作为发电机而动作,并经由电力转换器110对蓄电装置111进行充电。第2电动机112在从旋转体202旋转的状态制动时,作为发电机而动作,并经由电力转换器110对蓄电装置111进行充电。
作为蓄电装置111,利用电容较小的电容器。该情况下,需要适当地控制蓄电装置111的充电量。
减法器120对充电量指令Q*与充电装置111的充电量Q的偏差进行运算。充电量指令Q*是从上级控制装置提供的指令,例如,为与蓄电装置111的80%充电量相当的恒定值。
充电量控制器114以使通过减法器120求出的偏差为零的方式,即,以使充电装置111的充电量Q与充电量指令Q*一致的方式计算并输出转矩目标。转矩限制器115求出对充电量控制器114所输出的转矩目标限制时间变化率而得到的第1转矩指令T1*并将其输出。例如,在转矩目标值逐级变化的情况下,以通过使转矩目标值成为逐渐变化的转矩目标值,来避免转矩目标的时间变化率大于规定值的方式进行限制。
发动机控制器116以使柴油发动机101的输出转矩成为第1转矩指令T1*的方式控制柴油发动机101。具体而言,发动机控制器116控制从柴油发动机101所具有的燃料喷射阀供给到发动机的燃烧室内的燃料量,控制EGR的回流量。
减法器117对旋转速度指令N*与第1电动机的旋转速度N的偏差进行运算。旋转速度指令N*是从上级控制装置提供的指令,例如为恒定值。
速度控制器118根据减法器117所运算出的偏差,以使旋转速度指令N*和第1电动机的旋转速度N一致的方式求出第2转矩指令T2*,并输出到电力转换器110。电力转换器110以使第1电动机102的转矩成为第2转矩指令T2*的方式进行控制。
旋转控制器119根据操作员所操作的旋转杆的操作量来控制第2电动机112,由此,求出第3转矩指令T3*并输出到电力转换器110。电力转换器110以使第2电动机112的转矩成为第3转矩指令T3*的方式进行控制。
电力转换器110内置有控制第1电动机102的第1电力转换部、和控制第2电动机112的第2电力转换部。例如,第1电力转换部具有:用于将直流电转换成三相交流电的多个开关元件;和对这些开关元件的开闭进行PWM控制、并以使在第1电动机102中流动的电流和与上述的第2转矩指令T2*对应的电流指令一致的方式进行控制的控制部。由此,第1电力转换部以使第1电动机102的转矩成为第2转矩指令T2*的方式进行控制。另外,在第1电动机102作为发电机而动作时,控制部控制开关元件,将第1电动机102的发电输出转换成直流电,并蓄电至蓄电装置111。此外,第2电力转换部的结构动作也与第1电力转换部相同,以使第2电动机112的转矩成为第3转矩指令T3*的方式进行控制。另外,在第2电动机112作为发电机而动作时,控制部控制开关元件,将第2电动机112的发电输出转换成直流电,并蓄电至蓄电装置111。
接下来,使用图3~图8来说明在本实施方式的工程机械中使用的驱动系统的动作。
图3~图8是表示在本发明的一实施方式的工程机械中使用的驱动系统的动作的时序图。
首先,使用图3来说明驱动斗杆等的情况下的各部分的动作。
图3的横轴表示经过时间。图3(a)的纵轴表示液压泵103的泵转矩,图3(b)的纵轴表示第1电动机102的转速N。此外,柴油发动机101、第1电动机102及液压泵103以相同转速机械结合。图3(c)的纵轴表示第1电动机102的转矩,图3(d)的纵轴表示蓄电装置111的放电电流。图3(e)的纵轴表示蓄电装置111的充电量Q,图3(f)的纵轴表示柴油发动机101的转矩。而且,在时刻t1,示出了通过操作员的操作而使液压泵103的转矩增加的情况。通过操作员的操作而使液压泵103的转矩增加的情况是指如下情况,例如,操作员对操作图1所示的铲斗205的操作杆进行操作,与该操作相应地驱动液压缸105,由此液压泵103的转矩增大。另外,也包括驱动动臂203、斗杆204或行驶体201的情况。
如图3(a)所示,在时刻t1,当液压泵103的转矩增加时,如图3(b)所示转速N减少,由于与转速指令N*的偏差增加,所以第2转矩指令T2*增加,如图3(c)所示,第1电动机102的转矩增加。由此,在转速N增加之后,如图3(b)所示,在时刻t2转速N恢复。即,在泵转矩发生变动的情况下,也能够通过速度控制器118来控制第1电动机102的转矩,从而使转速N保持恒定。
如图3(c)所示,在时刻t1,当第1电动机102的转矩增加时,由于供给电力,所以如图3(d)所示,在时刻t1蓄电装置111的放电电流增加,如图3(e)所示,充电量Q减少。由此,与减法器120所计算出的充电量指令Q*的偏差增加,因此充电量控制器114所输出的发动机转矩目标增加。该转矩目标通过转矩限制器115而被限制了时间变化率,并作为第1转矩指令T1*而输出到发动机控制器116。图3(f)示出了像这样第1转矩指令T1*的时间变化率被限制的情况下的柴油发动机的转矩。时刻t1以后的转矩变化为受到转矩限制器115限制的时间变化率以下。由此,柴油发动机101不会使转矩急剧变化,能够避免在容易产生颗粒状物质的由过量燃料喷射导致的等量比较高的状态下的燃烧、和在容易产生氮氧化物的过度燃烧温度下的燃烧。
接下来,在时刻t2~时刻t3,如图3(f)所示,当柴油发动机101的转矩增加时,如图3(c)所示,第1电动机102的转矩与之相应地减少。其原因在于,为了使转速N恒定,以使柴油发动机101的转矩和第1电动机102的转矩的合计转矩与泵转矩取得平衡的方式控制第1电动机102的转矩。
具体说明时刻t2~时刻t3的控制,在时刻t2,由于蓄电装置111的充电量Q减少,所以减法器120所输出的偏差增加。因此,充电量控制器114所输出的转矩目标值增加。由于发动机控制器116根据该转矩目标值来控制柴油发动机101的输出转矩,所以如图3(f)所示,柴油发动机101的输出转矩逐渐增加。另一方面,当柴油发动机101的输出转矩增加时,柴油发动机101的转速增加,与柴油发动机101结合的第1电动机101的转速也增加。其结果为,减法器117所输出的速度偏差增加。因此,速度控制器118所输出的第2转矩指令T*减少。由于电力转换器110根据该第2转矩指令T*来控制第1电动机101的转矩,所以如图3(c)所示,第1电动机101的转矩逐渐减少。
在时刻t3,当柴油发动机101的转矩超过泵转矩时,如图3(c)所示,第1电动机102的转矩为负,即第1电动机102进行发电动作,柴油发动机101驱动液压泵103,并且也驱动进行发电动作的第1电动机102。另外,由于第1电动机102发电得到的电力供给到蓄电装置111,所以如图3(e)所示,充电量转为增加,充电量Q向充电量指令Q*增加。
在时刻t4,图3(e)所示的充电量Q与充电量指令Q*大致一致,此时如图3(c)所示,第1电动机102的转矩为零,柴油发动机101的转矩与泵转矩取得平衡,转速N被控制为转速指令N*。
接下来,使用图4来说明进行旋转体202的旋转动作的情况下的各部分的动作。此外,图4(a)~图4(f)的纵轴与图3(a)~图3(f)相同。图4(g)示出第2电动机112的输出。在图4中示出了如下情况:在时刻t1,通过操作员对旋转杆的操作而使第2电动机112开始旋转,在时刻t2,通过旋转杆的操作使第2电动机112开始制动,在时刻t4第2电动机112停止。
在时刻t1,当第2电动机112开始旋转时,由于旋转速度的增加,如图4(g)所示,第2电动机112的输出增加。与之相伴地,抑制由于蓄电装置111的放电电流的增加而导致的蓄电装置111的蓄电量Q的减少,因此,基于充电量控制器114的转矩目标增加,如图4(f)所示,柴油发动机101的转矩增加。另一方面,速度控制器118为了抑制由于柴油发动机101的转矩的增加而导致的旋转速度N的增加,而使第2转矩指令T2*减少。由此,如图4(c)所示,第1电动机102的转矩变为负,第1电动机102进行发电动作,抑制了蓄电装置111的放电电流的增加,并抑制了充电量Q的减少。即,与第2电动机112的输出相应地,柴油发动机101的转矩增加,因此通过增加的转矩使第1电动机102进行发电,以使转速N及充电量Q分别与转速指令N*及充电量指令Q*一致的方式进行控制。此外,此时的与第2电动机112的输出增加相伴的转矩目标的时间变化率为限制值以下,第1转矩指令T1*与转矩目标一致。
通过以上控制,在时刻t1~t2,与图4(g)所示的第2电动机112的输出的增加相应地,如图4(f)所示,柴油发动机101的转矩增加,如图4(c)所示,第1电动机102的转矩减少(发电量增加)。
在时刻t2,当第2电动机112开始减速时,输出从动力运行骤变为再生。如图4(g)所示,第2电动机112的输出从正骤变为负。与之相伴地,蓄电装置111吸收第2电动机112的再生电力及第1电动机102的发电电力,因此如图4(d)所示,蓄电装置111的放电电流开始减少,即,如图4(e)所示,蓄电装置111开始充电,蓄电量Q增加。当充电量Q增加时通过充电量控制器114使转矩目标减少。此时,第2电动机112的输出变化剧烈,因此转矩目标也要剧烈地变化,但由于通过转矩限制器115限制第1转矩指令T1*的变化率,所以如图4(f)所示,柴油发动机101的转矩不会剧烈地变化。
由此,由于柴油发动机101不会使转矩急剧变化,所以能够避免在容易产生颗粒状物质的由过量燃料喷射导致的等量比较高的状态下的燃烧、和在容易产生氮氧化物的过度燃烧温度下的燃烧。
另外,将旋转速度N控制为恒定的第1电动机102的转矩如图4(c)所示,与柴油发动机101的转矩减少相应地增加,第1电动机102的发电量缓慢减少。因此,充电量Q暂时继续增加。
第1电动机102的转矩继续增加,从发电状态变为动力运行状态,在时刻t3,当耗电超过第2电动机112的再生电力时,如图4(e)所示,充电量Q开始减少。当充电量Q减少时,通过充电量控制器114使转矩目标增加,如图4(f)所示,柴油发动机101的转矩增加。速度控制器118抑制由于柴油发动机101的转矩增加而导致的转速N的增加,因此使第1电动机102的转矩减少,如图4(c)所示,蓄电装置111的放电电流减少。
其结果为,在时刻t5,成为如下状态:如图4(c)所示,第1电动机102的转矩为零,如图4(d)所示,蓄电装置111的放电电流也为零,图4(e)所示的充电量Q与充电量指令Q*一致,柴油发动机101的转矩与泵转矩一致。
如上所述,即使在通过旋转动作使第2电动机112进行动力运行再生运行的情况下,也将转速N控制成与转速指令N*一致,还能够抑制柴油发动机101的转矩的时间变化率,将蓄电装置111的蓄电量Q也控制成与蓄电量指令Q*一致。
接下来,使用图5~图8来说明改变泵转矩的时间变化率的情况下的、泵转矩、转速N、第1电动机102的转矩、以及柴油发动机101的转矩的时间变化。
在图5~图8中,分别将泵转矩的时间变化率改变为条件1~条件4。在此,条件1和条件2表示泵转矩的时间变化率小的情况,条件3和条件4表示泵转矩的时间变化率大的情况。条件2及条件4分别是相对于条件1及条件3使泵转矩的时间变化率为二倍的情况。
另外,在图5~图8中,横轴表示时间。图5(a)的纵轴表示液压泵103的泵转矩,图5(b)的纵轴表示第1电动机102的转速N。此外,柴油发动机101、第1电动机102及液压泵103以相同转速机械结合。图5(c)的纵轴表示第1电动机102的转矩,图5(f)的纵轴表示柴油发动机101的转矩。图5(f)中的粗虚线是为了容易比较转矩线的斜率的而作为基准的参考线。另外,图6~图8的各(a)、(b)、(c)、(f)的纵轴与图5(a)~图5(f)的纵轴相同。
在条件1(图5)和条件2(图6)的情况下,如图5(a)和图6(a)所示,由于泵转矩的时间变化率小,所以如图5(f)和图6(f)所示,柴油发动机101的转矩能够追随泵转矩的增加。因此,如图5(c)和图6(c)所示,不需要增大第1电动机102的转矩,在第1电动机102的转矩的峰值时,第1电动机102的转矩小于柴油发动机101的转矩。
另一方面,在条件3(图7)和条件4(图8)的情况下,如图7(a)和图8(a)所示,由于泵转矩的时间变化率大,所以柴油发动机101的转矩无法追随泵转矩的增加。在此,为了确保转速N,如图7(c)和图8(c)所示,需要增大第1电动机102的转矩,在第1电动机102的转矩的峰值时,第1电动机102的转矩大于柴油发动机101的转矩。
另外,在泵转矩的时间变化率小的条件1、条件2的情况下,若对泵转矩的时间变化率从条件1转变成条件2时的柴油发动机101的转矩的时间变化率进行比较,则条件2(图6)相对于条件1(图5)明显变化,与之相对,在泵转矩的时间变化率小的条件3、条件4的情况下,由于泵转矩的时间变化率从条件3转变成条件4时条件4(图8)受到转矩限制器105的限制,所以相对于条件3(图7)的变化较小。即,在泵转矩的时间变化率小的情况(条件1和条件2)下,相对于泵转矩的时间变化率的增加,柴油发动机101的转矩的时间变化率的增加较大,在泵转矩的时间变化率大的情况(条件3和条件4)下,相对于泵转矩的时间变化率的增加,柴油发动机101的转矩的时间变化率的增加较小。
另外,在任一情况下均通过速度控制器116的动作将转速N控制成与转速指令N*一致。即,根据本实施例的工程机械,在泵转矩的时间变化率小的情况下,柴油发动机101的转矩与泵转矩相应地被控制,但此时柴油发动机101的转矩的时间变化率小,因此柴油发动机101不会成为容易产生颗粒状物质和氮氧化物的状态。
另一方面,在泵转矩的时间变化率大的情况下,柴油发动机101的转矩的时间变化率受到限制而不与泵转矩相应地被控制。由此,该情况下,柴油发动机101的转矩的时间变化率也受到限制,因此柴油发动机101不会成为容易产生颗粒状物质和氮氧化物的状态。
如以上说明那样,根据本实施方式,能够减少从搭载在工程机械上的内燃机排出的颗粒状物质(PM)或氮氧化物(NOX),并且能够适当地控制向电动机供给电力的蓄电装置的充电量。
另外,在将电容较小的电容器等用作蓄电装置的情况下,也能够适当地控制充电量。
接下来,使用图9~图11来说明本发明的其他实施方式的工程机械的结构及动作。此外,本实施方式的工程机械即液压挖掘机的整体结构与图1所示的液压挖掘机相同。
首先,使用图9来说明对本实施方式的工程机械进行驱动的驱动系统的结构。
图9是表示对本发明的其他实施方式的工程机械进行驱动的驱动系统的结构框图。此外,与图2相同的附图标记表示相同的部分。
第2速度控制器131根据减法器130所求出的旋转速度指令N*与柴油发动机101的旋转速度N’的偏差,对使柴油发动机101的旋转速度N’与旋转速度指令N*一致的转矩目标进行运算,并输出到转矩限制器115。
另一方面,高通滤波器132输出从速度控制器118的输出中将包含直流成分的低频成分除去后的部分。减法器133从在速度控制器118的输出中将包含直流成分的低频成分除去后的高通滤波器132的输出中,减去充电量控制器114的输出,作为第2转矩指令T2*而输出。
此外,由于柴油发动机101和第1电动机102机械结合,所以旋转速度相同,在以下说明中将旋转速度N作为代表而使用。
接下来,说明本实施方式的驱动系统的动作。
在液压泵103的转矩发生变化的情况下,通过第2速度控制器131抑制转速N的变动,但由于通过转矩限制器105限制柴油发动机101的转矩的变化率,所以柴油发动机101不会成为容易产生颗粒状物质和氮氧化物的状态。另一方面,由于柴油发动机101的转矩的变化率受到限制,所以仅通过第2速度控制器131难以充分抑制旋转速度N的变动。因此,过渡性地通过速度控制器118来抑制旋转速度N的变动。另外,由于为了稳定而通过高通滤波器132除去低频成分,所以基于充电量控制器114进行充电量Q的控制。
接下来,使用图10~图11来说明在本实施方式的工程机械中使用的驱动系统的动作。
图10~图11是表示在本发明的其他实施方式的工程机械中使用的驱动系统的动作的时序图。
首先,图10示出驱动斗杆等而泵转矩发生变化的情况下的各部分的动作,该动作与在图3中说明的动作相同。
该情况下,将转速N控制成与转速指令N*一致,抑制柴油发动机101的转矩的时间变化率,并将蓄电装置111的蓄电量Q也控制成与蓄电量指令Q*一致。
接下来,图11示出第2电动机112动作的情况下的各部分的动作,该动作与在图4中说明的动作相同。
该情况下,将转速N控制成与转速指令N*一致,抑制柴油发动机101的转矩的时间变化率,并将蓄电装置111的蓄电量Q也控制成与蓄电量指令Q*一致。
如以上说明那样,根据本实施方式,也能够减少从搭载在工程机械上的内燃机排出的颗粒状物质(PM)或氮氧化物(NOX),并且能够适当地控制向电动机供给电力的蓄电装置的充电量。
另外,在将电容较小的电容器等用作蓄电装置的情况下,也能够适当地控制充电量。
此外,在上述说明中,旋转速度指令N*提供恒定值,但即使在液压泵负载较轻的情况下降低旋转速度指令N*、在液压泵负载较重的情况下提高旋转速度指令N*等、改变旋转速度指令N*,也能够根据偏差进行控制,因此旋转速度N能够追随旋转速度指令N*。
另外,转矩限制器105的时间变化率恒定,但也能够根据柴油发动机101的动作状态在不使颗粒状物质和氮氧化物比规定量进一步增加的范围内变化。另外,转矩限制器105也能够构成为,在不使颗粒状物质和氮氧化物比规定量进一步增加的范围内使转矩限制器105的输入与输出一致,当使输入和输出一致时,在颗粒状物质和氮氧化物比规定量进一步增加的情况下,限制输出的时间变化率。
而且,柴油发动机101、第1电动机102及液压泵103以相同转速机械结合,但也能够经由变速器而结合,在该情况下需要考虑变速比而对旋转速度指令N*、旋转速度N’及旋转速度N进行换算。
附图标记说明
101…柴油发动机(内燃机)
102…第1电动机
103…液压泵(液压发生器)
104…控制阀
105、106、107…液压缸
108、109…液压马达
110…电力转换器
111…蓄电装置
112…第2电动机
113…旋转机构
114…充电量控制器
115…转矩限制器(第2控制机构)
116…发动机控制器
118…速度控制器(第1控制机构)
119…旋转控制器
131…第2速度控制器
132…高通滤波器
200…液压挖掘机(工程机械的代表例)

Claims (7)

1.一种工程机械,具有:
根据转矩指令而被控制的内燃机;
与该内燃机机械结合的电动机;和
向该电动机供给电力的蓄电装置,
该工程机械通过所述内燃机和所述电动机来驱动液压发生器而进行作业,
所述工程机械的特征在于,具有:
第1控制机构,其根据速度指令来控制所述电动机的速度;和
第2控制机构,其根据转矩目标而求出被限制了时间变化率的所述转矩指令。
2.如权利要求1所述的工程机械,其特征在于,
所述内燃机通过根据所述速度指令和所述速度求出的第1转矩指令而被控制,
所述第1控制机构对根据所述速度指令和所述电动机的速度求出的第2转矩指令进行运算,
所述工程机械还具有将所述第2转矩指令的包含直流成分的低频成分除去的高通滤波器,
根据该高通滤波器的输出来控制所述电动机。
3.如权利要求1所述的工程机械,其特征在于,
根据速度指令而对所述电动机进行速度控制,并且,
在所述液压发生器的转矩的时间变化率小的情况下,所述内燃机的转矩大于所述电动机的转矩,
在所述液压发生器的转矩的时间变化率大的情况下,所述电动机的转矩大于所述内燃机的转矩。
4.如权利要求1所述的工程机械,其特征在于,
根据速度指令而对所述电动机进行速度控制,并且,
在所述液压发生器的转矩的时间变化率小的情况下,相对于所述液压发生器的转矩的时间变化率的变化,所述内燃机的转矩时间变化率的变化较大,
在所述液压发生器的转矩的时间变化率大的情况下,相对于所述液压发生器的转矩的时间变化率的变化,所述内燃机的转矩时间变化率的变化较小。
5.如权利要求1所述的工程机械,其特征在于,
所述转矩目标根据所述蓄电装置的充电量而求出。
6.一种工程机械,具有:
内燃机;
与该内燃机机械结合的电动机;和
向该电动机供给电力的蓄电装置,
该工程机械通过所述内燃机和所述电动机来驱动液压发生器而进行作业,
所述工程机械的特征在于,
根据速度指令而对所述电动机进行速度控制,并且,
在所述液压发生器的转矩的时间变化率小的情况下,所述内燃机的转矩大于所述电动机的转矩,
在所述液压发生器的转矩的时间变化率大的情况下,所述电动机的转矩大于所述内燃机的转矩。
7.一种工程机械,具有:
内燃机;
与该内燃机机械结合的电动机;和
向该电动机供给电力的蓄电装置,
该工程机械通过所述内燃机和所述电动机来驱动液压发生器而进行作业,
所述工程机械的特征在于,
根据速度指令而对所述电动机进行速度控制,并且,
在所述液压发生器的转矩的时间变化率小的情况下,相对于所述液压发生器的转矩的时间变化率的变化,所述内燃机的转矩时间变化率的变化较大,
在所述液压发生器的转矩的时间变化率大的情况下,相对于所述液压发生器的转矩的时间变化率的变化,所述内燃机的转矩时间变化率的变化较小。
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