CN103747806A - 非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体和生产其的方法 - Google Patents
非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体和生产其的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103747806A CN103747806A CN201280038302.7A CN201280038302A CN103747806A CN 103747806 A CN103747806 A CN 103747806A CN 201280038302 A CN201280038302 A CN 201280038302A CN 103747806 A CN103747806 A CN 103747806A
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- insulin
- peptide based
- based polyalcohol
- polymer
- cobalt ion
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Abstract
本发明涉及非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体,其包括两个或更多个通过经共价键连接非肽基聚合物和胰岛素制备的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物,其中该缀合物与钴离子络合以形成多聚体;制备该多聚体的方法和试剂盒;包括该多聚体作为有效成分用于预防或治疗糖尿病的药物组合物;和通过给对象施用该组合物预防或治疗糖尿病的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体,其包括两个或更多个通过经共价键连接非肽基聚合物和胰岛素制备的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物,其中缀合物与钴离子络合以形成多聚体;制备该多聚体的方法和试剂盒;包括该多聚体作为有效成分预防或治疗糖尿病的药物组合物;和通过给对象施用该组合物预防或治疗糖尿病的方法。
背景技术
胰岛素由51个氨基酸组成,并且分子量为5808道尔顿(Da)。胰岛素在胰腺中胰岛的β细胞中产生,并且储存为六聚体(六个胰岛素分子的单元),然后以生物活性单体形式吸收入血管。通过锌离子的配位和三个二聚体之间的疏水相互作用促进六聚体形成。六聚体中,存在两个金属离子结合位点并且源自三个二聚体的三个组氨酸残基涉及每个位点。根据胰岛素六聚体的结构状态(T或R状态),结合位点位于六聚体的两端或自表面穿过中心的通道结构(tunnel structure)的底部。
目前,大部分商业重组体胰岛素和胰岛素类似物作为六聚体制剂存在。即,它们通过在包含六聚体-稳定化合物、锌和苯酚(或甲酚)的缓冲液中包括3mg/mL或更多的胰岛素进行配制。与单体形式相比,六聚体制剂提供卓越的原纤维形成和脱氨抗性,从而提高胰岛素的稳定性并且延长有效期。而且,皮下注入之后,六聚体制剂显示比单体形式更缓慢从注入位点吸收入血液,并且因此它们具有持续作用的优势。根据之前的研究,分子大小和在贮留(depot)处毛细管渗透性之间的反比关系解释该缓慢吸收速率。六聚体的这些性质应用于近来开发的长效胰岛素类似物,以使得在皮下注入之后延迟或持续吸收胰岛素。代表性例子是地特胰岛素(insulin detemir),其通过将脂肪酸链附连至在天然胰岛素B链29位处的赖氨酸制备(Havelund等,2004)。根据该研究,尽管注入的地特胰岛素在体内形成双六聚体(dihexamer),其通过与白蛋白的疏水相互作用形成大的分子络合物。因此,皮下半衰期——皮下注入药物的一半经过毛细管壁所用的时间——比天然胰岛素六聚体长4倍。
但是,六聚体制剂是有劣势的,因为它们不能被应用于在天然胰岛素的B链上的第一氨基酸苯丙氨酸处具有修饰的胰岛素类似物,这是因为苯丙氨酸残基涉及六聚体的结构稳定性。根据之前使用聚乙二醇化胰岛素的研究(Hinds等,2000),当通过UV-圆二色性和沉降平衡分析通过将750Da或2,000Da大小的PEG附连至天然胰岛素的B链的氨基末端制备的胰岛素类似物时,它们的大部分作为单体在0.1-1.0mM的浓度范围内存在。相反,天然胰岛素大部分作为六聚体在相应浓度范围内存在。因此,使用配制的聚乙二醇化胰岛素六聚体在皮下注入之后难以具有持续吸收胰岛素的优势。胰岛素类似物的其他例子是白蛋白-胰岛素缀合物、糖基化胰岛素或类似物。
所以,急需开发诱导胰岛素类似物的多聚体形成的制剂,用于提高它们的药学性质,比如稳定性和持续性。
发明内容
技术问题
所以,本发明人使用钴离子诱导PEG-胰岛素六聚体的形成,并且然后分析它们的药学性质。结果,发现根据从微摩尔(μM)至纳摩尔(nM)的逐渐浓度变化发生PEG-胰岛素六聚体解离成单体,其流体力学体积与PEG-胰岛素缀合物和胰岛素六聚体相比大大增加,并且与商业长效胰岛素相比,PEG-胰岛素六聚体保持稳定的六聚体形式,从而完成本发明。
问题的解决方案
本发明的一个目的是提供非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体,其包括两个或更多个通过经共价键连接非肽基聚合物和胰岛素制备的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物,其中缀合物与钴离子络合以形成多聚体。
本发明的另一目的是提供非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体的制备方法,包括使非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物与包含钴离子的溶液反应以产生非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体。
本发明的仍另一目的是提供预防或治疗糖尿病的药物组合物,其包括非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体作为有效成分。
本发明的仍另一目的是提供预防或治疗糖尿病的方法,其包括向患有糖尿病或怀疑患有糖尿病的对象施用所述药物组合物的步骤。
本发明的仍另一目的是提供制备非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体的试剂盒,其包括通过经共价键连接非肽基聚合物和胰岛素制备的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物;和包含钴离子的溶液,其中所述溶液包含通过在水溶液中溶剂化解离成二价钴离子的盐和氧化剂,通过在水溶液中溶剂化解离成二价钴离子的盐的水合物和氧化剂,或通过在水溶液中溶剂化解离成三价钴离子的盐,或其水合物。
本发明的有利效果
本发明的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体是有优势的,因为其与非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物和胰岛素多聚体相比具有显著大的流体力学体积和高的稳定性。所以,皮下注入之后,本发明的多聚体在通过自然稀释解离成单体之前具有大的体积,并且因此不发生其快速吸收入血流。所以,可一次给予大量的药物。另外,因为其具有缓慢解离成单体的性质,所以其可用于开发长效胰岛素制剂。
附图说明
图1(A)显示阳离子交换层析(CEC)分离胰岛素的结果,其中PEG(5k)连接至其B链的氨基末端,和图1(B)显示阳离子交换层析分离胰岛素的结果,其中PEG(20k)连接至其B链的氨基末端;
图2显示通过Glu-C肽作图比较人天然胰岛素片段(上)和PEG-胰岛素缀合物(下)的色谱图检查PEG附连位点的结果;
图3显示体积排阻色谱(SEC)测量PEG-胰岛素缀合物和钴PEG-胰岛素六聚体的流体力学体积的结果,其中回归线由标准蛋白的洗脱时间计算(从左上方6个白圈中的每一个:抑酶肽,6.5kDa;核糖核酸酶,13.7kDa;伴清蛋白,75kDa;免疫球蛋白G,150kDa;铁蛋白,443kDa;甲状腺球蛋白,669kDa);和
图4显示通过Dulbecoo’s磷酸缓冲盐水(DPBS)稀释纯化以检查其解离成单体的钴PEG(5K)-胰岛素六聚体(▲)、钴PEG(20k)-胰岛素六聚体(■)和钴胰岛素六聚体(●)的体积排阻色谱的结果。
具体实施方式
一个方面中,本发明提供非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体,其包括两个或更多个通过经共价键连接非肽基聚合物和胰岛素制备的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物,其中缀合物与钴离子络合以形成多聚体。
如本文所使用,术语“非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物”指其中非肽基聚合物和胰岛素经共价键连接的缀合物。在本发明中,非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物用作组成非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体的单体。
优选地,非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物可以是经共价键通过连接非肽基聚合物与胰岛素A链的氨基末端、胰岛素B链的氨基末端或胰岛素B链29位处的赖氨酸制备的缀合物,和更优选地,是经共价键通过连接非肽基聚合物与胰岛素B链的氨基末端制备的缀合物。
如在本文中使用,术语“胰岛素”是指响应于血液中升高的葡萄糖水平由胰腺分泌的肽,以摄取肝脏、肌肉或脂肪组织中的葡萄糖并且将其转变成糖原,和停止利用脂肪作为能量来源,并且因此控制血糖水平。该肽包括天然胰岛素、天然胰岛素激动剂、天然胰岛素前体、胰岛素衍生物、其片段及其变体。
术语“天然胰岛素”是由胰腺分泌以促进葡萄糖吸收并抑制脂肪分解并且因此起控制血糖水平作用的激素。在加工期间由称为胰岛素原的不参与调节血糖水平的前体形成胰岛素。胰岛素的氨基酸序列如下:
α链:
Gly-Ile-Val-Glu-Gln-Cys-Cys-Thr-Ser-Ile-Cys-Ser-Leu-Tyr-Gln-Leu-Glu-Asn-Tyr-Cys-Asn(SEQ ID NO.1)
β链:
Phe-Val-Asn-Gln-His-Leu-Cys-Gly-Ser-His-Leu-Val-Glu-Ala-Leu-Tyr-Leu-Val-Cys-Gly-Glu-Arg-Gly-Phe-Phe-Tyr-Thr-Pro-Lys-Thr(SEQ IDNO.2)
天然胰岛素是通过经两个间-二硫键(inter-disulfide bond)连接A链和B链形成的异源二聚体,其中在A链6位处的半胱氨酸和在B链7位处的半胱氨酸,以及在A链20位处的半胱氨酸和在B链19位处的半胱氨酸分别形成二硫键。
术语“胰岛素激动剂”是指结合至胰岛素受体以显示与胰岛素相等的生物活性的化合物,其与胰岛素的结构不相关。
术语“胰岛素变体”是与天然胰岛素具有一个或更多个氨基酸序列不同的肽,并且指保持控制体内血糖水平功能的肽。胰岛素变体可通过在天然胰岛素氨基酸序列一部分中取代、加成、缺失和修饰的任何一种或通过其组合制备。
术语“胰岛素衍生物”是指与天然胰岛素具有至少80%氨基酸序列同源性的肽,其氨基酸残基上可具有一些被化学取代(例如,α-甲基化、α-羟基化)、缺失(例如,脱氨)或修饰(例如,N-甲基化)的基团,并且具有调节体内血糖水平的功能。
术语“胰岛素片段”是指在天然胰岛素的N-末端或C-末端处添加或缺失一个或多个氨基酸的片段,其中可以添加非天然存在的氨基酸(例如,D型氨基酸),并且该片段具有调节体内血糖水平的功能。
如在本文中使用,术语“非肽基聚合物”是指包括通过除肽键以外的任何共价键彼此连接的两个或更多个重复单元的生物相容性聚合物。该非肽基聚合物的分子量可在1-100kDa的范围内,并且优选为1-20kDa。
另外,非肽基聚合物可具有能够与蛋白质结合的单末端反应基团或双末端反应基团。优选地,反应基团可选自:乙醛(aldehyde)、丙醛、丁醛、马来酰亚胺和琥珀酰亚胺衍生物。具体地,当非肽基聚合物在其两端均具有反应性醛基时,其在两端与胰岛素和免疫球蛋白连接是有效的,其中具有最小的非特异性反应。通过醛键(aldehyde bond)的还原性烷基化生成的最终产物比通过酰胺键连接的产物稳定得多。醛反应基团在低pH下选择性地结合至N-末端,并且在高pH诸如pH9.0下结合至赖氨酸残基以形成共价键。
优选地,在本发明中有用的非肽基聚合物可以选自:生物可降解聚合物、脂质聚合物、壳多糖、透明质酸及其组合,并且更优选地生物可降解聚合物可以是聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、乙二醇-丙二醇共聚物、聚氧乙烯多元醇、聚乙烯醇、多糖、葡聚糖、聚乙烯基乙醚、聚乳酸(PLA)或聚乳酸-乙醇酸(PLGA),且还要更优选地是聚乙二醇(PEG)。另外,本领域中已知的其衍生物和通过本领域中的已知方法容易制备的衍生物可以包括在本发明的范围内。例如,当使用L-γ-谷氨酸酯-附连的非肽基聚合物时,由于L-γ-谷氨酸酯之间的相互作用可有利地发生聚合胰岛素多聚体形成。
如本文所使用,术语“非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体”或“钴非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体”是多聚体,其中非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物与钴离子络合,并且包括通过钴离子与一分子的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体配位形成。
优选地,非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体可以是二聚体、三聚体、四聚体、五聚体或六聚体,和优选地是非肽基聚合物-胰岛素六聚体。
优选地,非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体可以是由三价钴阳离子形成的多聚体。非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体制剂通过使用三价钴阳离子(Co(III))作为配位金属离子形成。更优选地,缀合物与三价钴阳离子络合以形成非肽基聚合物-胰岛素六聚体,其中三价钴阳离子形成B10His的八面体配位(胰岛素B链10位处的组氨酸)。
在本发明的具体实施方式中,非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体之一——非肽基聚合物-胰岛素六聚体包括通过两个或更多个三价钴离子与一分子的胰岛素多聚体配位形成的化合物。具有环形横截面的圆柱状胰岛素六聚体通过二价锌离子的配位键和天然的三个胰岛素二聚体之间的疏水相互作用形成。在一个胰岛素六聚体中,存在两个金属离子结合位点,并且源自三个二聚体的三个组氨酸残基(在B链的10位)涉及它们的每一个。非肽基聚合物胰岛素六聚体的金属离子结合位点的两个三价钴离子稳定六聚体的结构。
本发明的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体具有比非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物和钴胰岛素多聚体更大的流体力学体积,并且具有缓慢解离成单体的性质。因此,其显示卓越的体内效力持久性和稳定性,从而可用于治疗糖尿病。
在本发明的一种实例中,通过将PEG附连至胰岛素B链的氨基末端制备单-聚乙二醇化非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物(实施例1和2),并且证实该缀合物的体外活性(实施例3)。
进一步,当使用缀合物和钴离子制备六聚体(钴PEG-胰岛素六聚体)时,其流体力学体积大大增加(实施例4和5)。在0.04μM的低浓度下,钴PEG-胰岛素六聚体显示70%或更高的六聚体比率,而在该低浓度下,钴胰岛素六聚体显示20%的六聚体比率。因此,钴PEG-胰岛素六聚体是稳定的,因为其在低浓度下可制备成六聚体制剂(实施例6)。另外,钴PEG-胰岛素六聚体显示比商业上可获得的长效胰岛素比如由地特胰岛素构成的诺和平(Levemir)和由在胰岛素的B链中具有取代和插入的甘精胰岛素六聚体构成的来得时(Lantus)更短的洗脱时间和更低的解离系数,这指示皮下注入之后,六聚体比商业胰岛素具有更大的体积和稳定性(实施例7)。这些结果支持本发明的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体具有卓越的体内效力持久性和稳定性,并且因此多聚体或包括该多聚体的组合物可用于治疗糖尿病。
在另一方面中,本发明提供本发明的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体的制备方法,包括使非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物与包含钴离子的溶液反应以产生非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体的步骤。
在本发明中,制备的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物与包含钴离子的溶液反应,从而制备根据本发明的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体,其中可通过共价连接胰岛素与具有选自醛、马来酰亚胺和琥珀酰亚胺衍生物的反应性基团的非肽基聚合物和从反应混合物分离非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物制备非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物。
非肽基聚合物的反应性基团中的琥珀酰亚胺衍生物可以是丙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯、羟基琥珀酰亚胺基、琥珀酰亚胺基羧甲基或琥珀酰亚胺基碳酸酯。
钴离子与非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物的摩尔比可以是0.1至1。
可非限制性地使用任何溶液,只要该溶液包含钴离子。优选地,溶液可包含通过在水溶液中溶剂化解离成二价钴离子的盐、其水合物,通过在水溶液中溶剂化解离成二价钴离子的盐和氧化剂,通过在水溶液中溶剂化解离成二价钴离子的盐的水合物和氧化剂,或通过在水溶液中溶剂化解离成三价钴离子的盐或其水合物。更优选地,溶液可包含通过在水溶液中溶剂化解离成二价钴离子的盐和氧化剂,通过在水溶液中溶剂化解离成二价钴离子的盐的水合物和氧化剂,或通过在水溶液中溶剂化解离成三价钴离子的盐或其水合物。
解离成二价钴离子的盐可以是氯化钴(II)(CoCl2),并且解离成三价钴离子的盐可以是氯化钴(III)(CoCl3)。
另外,本发明有用的氧化剂可包括比如过氧化氢的物质,其具有将水溶液中和非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体中的二价钴离子转化成三价钴离子的氧化力(oxidizing power)。优选地,氧化剂与二价钴离子的摩尔比可以是0.5至5。
优选地,反应可在pH5-9的缓冲液中进行,和更优选地,在pH7.5-8.5的缓冲液中进行。
在仍另一方面中,本发明提供预防或治疗糖尿病的药物组合物,包括本发明的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体作为有效成分。
进一步,在仍另一方面中,本发明提供预防或治疗糖尿病的方法,其包括向具有糖尿病或怀疑具有糖尿病的对象施用本发明的药物组合物。
如在本文中使用,术语“糖尿病”是指由胰岛素的分泌或功能异常导致的代谢性疾病。向对象施用本发明的组合物,以控制血糖水平,从而治疗糖尿病。
如在本文中使用,术语“预防”是指通过施用该组合物抑制糖尿病的症状或阻止糖尿病的发生的所有行为,并且术语“治疗”是指通过施用该组合物将糖尿病的症状变好或有利地改变的所有行为。治疗糖尿病可以应用于可能患有糖尿病的任何哺乳动物,并且其实例包括人和灵长类以及家畜诸如牛、猪、绵羊、马、狗和猫,而没有限制,并且优选是人。
如在本文中使用,术语“施用”是指将预定量的物质通过某些合适方法引入患者。非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体可以经由任意常用途径施用,只要其能够到达期望的组织。考虑多种施用模式,包括腹膜内、静脉内、肌肉内、皮下、皮内、口服、局部、鼻内、肺内和直肠内,但本发明不限于这些例举的施用模式。然而,由于肽在口服施用后被消化,用于口服施用的组合物的活性成分应当被包衣或配制以保护免于在胃中降解。优选地,多聚体可以以可注射形式施用。另外,药物组合物可以使用能够将活性成分输送至靶细胞中的某些设备进行施用。
本发明的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体在低浓度范围中保持其形式而不解离成单体,从而显示卓越的作为药物组合物的存储性(图4)。所以,本发明的药物组合物可包括本发明的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体,其浓度为0.01μM至100μM,优选地0.1μM至100μM,更优选地1μM至100μM,和非常更优选地10μM至100μM。
本发明的药物组合物可以包括药学上可接受的载体。对于口服施用,药学上可接受的载体可以包括粘合剂、润滑剂、崩解剂、赋形剂、增溶剂、分散剂、稳定剂、悬浮剂、着色剂和风味剂。对于可注射制剂,药学上可接受的载体可以包括缓冲剂、防腐剂、止痛剂、增溶剂、等渗剂和稳定剂。对于局部施用的制剂,药学上可接受的载体可以包括基质(base)、赋形剂、润滑剂和防腐剂。本发明的药物组合物可以与上述的药学上可接受的载体组合配制成多种剂型。例如,对于口服施用,药物组合物可以被配制成片剂、锭剂、胶囊、酏剂、悬浮液、糖浆或薄片(wafer)。对于可注射制剂,药物组合物可以被配制成单位剂型,诸如多剂量容器或作为单剂量剂型的安瓿。药物组合物也可以被配制成为溶液、悬浮液、片剂、丸剂、胶囊和长效制剂。
另一方面,适合于药物制剂的载体、赋形剂和稀释剂的实例包括乳糖、右旋糖、蔗糖、山梨醇、甘露醇、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇、麦芽糖醇、淀粉、阿拉伯胶、藻酸盐、明胶、磷酸钙、硅酸钙、纤维素、甲基纤维素、微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、水、羟基苯甲酸甲酯、羟基苯甲酸丙酯、滑石、硬脂酸镁和矿物油。另外,药物制剂可以进一步包括填料、抗凝剂、润滑剂、湿润剂、风味剂和消毒剂。
可以以药学上有效量施用本发明的组合物。如本文所使用,术语“药学上有效量”指足以用于治疗疾病的量,其与适于医学治疗的合理益处/风险比相称。可基于对象和疾病的严重性、年龄、性别、药物活性、药物敏感性、施用时间、施用途径、排泄速率、治疗持续时间、同时使用的药物和药学上已知的其他因素确定本组合物的有效剂量。
根据本发明的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体比非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物和胰岛素多聚体具有更卓越的体内效力持久性和稳定性,从而可用于预防和治疗糖尿病。因此,施用包括其的药物组合物促进疾病的预防和治疗。
在仍另一方面中,本发明提供用于制备本发明的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体的试剂盒,其包括通过经共价键连接非肽基聚合物和胰岛素制备的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物;和包含钴离子的溶液,其中该溶液包含通过在水溶液中溶剂化解离成二价钴离子的盐和氧化剂;通过在水溶液中溶剂化解离成二价钴离子的盐的水合物和氧化剂;或通过在水溶液中溶剂化解离成三价钴离子的盐,或其水合物。
在用于制备本发明的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体的试剂盒中,盐或其水合物和氧化剂可存储在单个容器中或分别存储在各自的容器中。
进一步,本发明的试剂盒可进一步包括描述最佳反应条件的说明书和药学上可接受的载体。说明书可包括指南,比如小册子或宣传材料、贴在试剂盒上的标签和在包含试剂盒的包装表面上的说明。另外,指南可包括通过电子介质比如因特网发布或提供的信息。
本发明的模式
下文中,将参照下面的实施例更详细地描述本发明。然而,这些实施例仅用于例证性目的,并且本发明不意欲由这些实施例限制。
实施例1.合成和分离PEG-胰岛素缀合物
为了连接分子量为5k或20k的mPEG-醛(单甲氧基聚乙二醇-醛)与人天然胰岛素B链的氨基末端,将胰岛素和mPEG-醛以1:2的摩尔比与浓度为2mg/mL的胰岛素在4℃下反应12h。此时,反应在pH6.0下的100mM柠檬酸钠缓冲液中进行,并且向其添加20mM氰基硼氢化钠(SCB)作为还原剂。使用填充至HR柱(GE Healthcare)的SOURCE15S(GE Healthcare)树脂从反应混合物分离在B链氨基末端处单-聚乙二醇化的胰岛素。如图1中显示,在主峰处观察到PEG(5k或20k)-胰岛素缀合物(图1)。
柱:填充在HR柱(GE Healthcare)中的Source15S介质
流速:1.8mL/min
梯度:A0→50%100min B(A:20mM柠檬酸钠(柠檬酸钠)pH3.0+60%乙醇,B:A+0.5M KCl)
实施例2.PEG-胰岛素缀合物的肽作图
使用Glu-C(Roche Applied Science)切割PEG-胰岛素缀合物或人天然胰岛素。反应在pH8.2下的20mM HEPES缓冲液中和25℃条件下进行12h。通过反相高效液相色谱分析反应物。在Agilent1200Series模块上操作Jupiter5微米C18柱(Phenomenex,Inc.)。如图2中显示,发现大部分PEG连接至胰岛素B链的氨基末端(图2)。
柱:Jupiter5微米C18(Phenomenex,Inc.)
流速:1mL/min
梯度:A10→30%65min B,A30→40%5min B(A:20mM硫酸钠pH2.0,B:A+100%乙腈)
实施例3.体外效力检测
为了将鼠成纤维细胞3T3-L1分化成脂肪细胞,在包含含有地塞米松、IBMX和胰岛素的10%FBS/DMEM培养基的48-孔板中以1.0×105每孔的细胞密度接种细胞。用DPBS冲洗分化的细胞三次,并且在无血清的DMEM中培养4h。在合适浓度范围内包含糖的DMEM中准备人天然胰岛素、PEG(5k)-胰岛素和PEG(20k)-胰岛素,并且然后添加至包含分化的脂肪细胞的48-孔板。在37℃下培养24h之后,使用D-葡萄糖试验试剂盒(Megazyme)测量培养基中残留的糖浓度,并且计算EC50值并且显示在表1中。
表1
[表1]
蛋白质 | EC50(nM) | 相对活性(%) |
人天然胰岛素 | 5.69±1.13 | 100 |
PEG(5k)-胰岛素 | 9.48±2.77 | 60 |
PEG(20k)-胰岛素 | 13.55±0.71 | 42 |
这些结果指示PEG-胰岛素具有胰岛素活性。
实施例4.制备和存活钴PEG-胰岛素六聚体
将20mM HEPES缓冲液(pH8.2)中的PEG-胰岛素缀合物与氯化钴溶液混合至钴与六聚体的比为3:1。为了将二价钴离子转化成三价钴离子,添加对应2倍总二价钴离子的过氧化氢,并且在室温下静置2h。其后,通过SEC(体积排阻色谱)分离钴PEG-胰岛素六聚体。
柱:Superdex20016/60制备级(GE Healthcare)
流速:0.4mL/min
缓冲液:20mM HEPES pH8.2+0.2M NaCl
实施例5.测量钴PEG-胰岛素六聚体的流体力学体积
根据实施例4中描述的条件,测量PEG-胰岛素缀合物或钴PEG-胰岛素六聚体的流体力学体积,除了使用Superdex20010/300GL作为柱。从标准蛋白的洗脱体积计算回归线。如下定义分配系数(Kav)。
Kav=(Ve-V0)/(Vt-V0)
Ve表示洗脱体积,V0表示蓝葡聚糖(Blue dextran)确定的空白体积,和Vt表示床体积。
如图3中所显示,发现钴PEG(5k)-胰岛素六聚体(300kDa)的流体力学体积比单体(60kDa)大大约5倍,并且钴PEG(20k)-胰岛素六聚体(1,600kDa)的流体力学体积比单体大大约10倍(图3)。
这些结果指示钴PEG-胰岛素多聚体与单体相比具有显著更大的流体力学体积,并且因此肾清除率阈值下降以增加体内效力持久性。
实施例6.测量通过稀释钴PEG-胰岛素六聚体的解离
用DPBS将以100μM浓度纯化的钴PEG-胰岛素六聚体和钴胰岛素六聚体稀释至1μM、0.1μM和0.04μM。将它们在室温下静置16h,并且然后使用离心浓缩机(Vivaspin20,Sartorius)浓缩至0.3mM。根据实施例5中描述的条件进行分析。从峰面积计算六聚体与单体的比率。如图4中显示,随着钴胰岛素六聚体浓度(黑圈)下降,其解离成单体快速发生,和因此在0.04μM浓度下六聚体比率下降至20%。但是,钴PEG(5k)-胰岛素六聚体(黑三角)和钴PEG(20k)-胰岛素六聚体(黑正方形)的比率在相同的浓度下保持在70%或更高(图4)。
这些结果指示钴PEG-胰岛素六聚体以六聚体形式存在,即使在低浓度下也具有稳定性,并且与钴胰岛素六聚体相比具有缓慢解离成单体的性质,并且因此可用于开发长效胰岛素六聚体制剂。
实施例7.通过体积排阻色谱比较商业长效胰岛素和钴PEG-胰岛素六聚体之间的分子大小
进行体积排阻色谱以间接预测皮下注入胰岛素制剂的分子大小和根据天然稀释的其大小变化(Havelund等,2004)。代表性商业长效胰岛素制剂,诺和平和来得时,用作对照组以检查钴PEG-胰岛素六聚体的相对分子大小。根据实施例4中描述的条件进行色谱,除了DPBS用作缓冲液以制造皮下环境。
如表2中显示,钴PEG-胰岛素六聚体显示比诺和平和来得时更短的洗脱时间和更低的解离系数。这些结果提示与两种商业上可用的长效胰岛素制剂相比,钴PEG-胰岛素六聚体在皮下注入之后将保持其大的体积和稳定的六聚体形式(表2)。
表2
[表2]
蛋白质 | 洗脱时间(min) | 解离系数(Kav) |
诺和平 | 47.56 | 0.69 |
来得时 | 46.82 | 0.67 |
钴PEG(5k)-胰岛素六聚体 | 27.63 | 0.20 |
钴PEG(20k)-胰岛素六聚体 | 20.12 | 0.01 |
Claims (20)
1.一种非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体,其包括两个或更多个通过经共价键连接非肽基聚合物和胰岛素制备的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物,其中所述缀合物与钴离子络合以形成多聚体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多聚体,其中通过经共价键连接所述非肽基聚合物与胰岛素A链的氨基末端、B链的氨基末端或B链29位处的赖氨酸制备所述非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述胰岛素是天然胰岛素、通过所述天然胰岛素的氨基酸序列的取代、加成、缺失、修饰或其组合中制备的胰岛素变体、胰岛素衍生物或其片段。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多聚体,其中所述非肽基聚合物选自生物可降解聚合物、脂质聚合物、壳多糖、透明质酸和其组合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的多聚体,其中所述生物可降解聚合物选自聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、乙二醇-丙二醇共聚物、聚氧乙烯多元醇、聚乙烯醇、多糖、葡聚糖、聚乙烯基乙醚、聚乳酸和聚乳酸-乙醇酸。
6.根据权利要求5所述的多聚体,其中所述生物可降解聚合物是聚乙二醇。
7.根据权利要求1所述的多聚体,其中共价结合所述胰岛素的所述非肽基聚合物的反应性基团选自乙醛、丙醛、丁醛、马来酰亚胺和琥珀酰亚胺衍生物。
8.根据权利要求1所述的多聚体,其中所述非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物经三价钴阳离子形成多聚体。
9.根据权利要求1所述的多聚体,其中所述非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体是非肽基聚合物-胰岛素六聚体。
10.权利要求1-9任一项所述的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体的制备方法,包括使非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物与包含钴离子的溶液反应以产生非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体的步骤。
11.根据权利要求10所述的制备方法,其中所述溶液包含通过在水溶液中溶剂化解离成二价钴离子的盐和氧化剂;通过在水溶液中溶剂化解离成二价钴离子的盐的水合物和氧化剂;或通过在水溶液中溶剂化解离成三价钴离子的盐或其水合物。
12.根据权利要求11所述的制备方法,其中解离成二价钴离子的所述盐是氯化钴(II)(CoCl2),和解离成三价钴离子的所述盐是氯化钴(III)(CoCl3)。
13.根据权利要求11所述的制备方法,其中所述氧化剂与所述二价钴离子的摩尔比是0.5至5。
14.根据权利要求10所述的制备方法,其中所述钴离子与所述非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物的摩尔比是0.1至1。
15.根据权利要求10所述的制备方法,其中所述反应在pH5-9的缓冲液中进行。
16.预防或治疗糖尿病的药物组合物,其包括权利要求1-9任一项所述的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体作为有效成分。
17.根据权利要求16所述的组合物,其中所述非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体以0.01μM至100μM的浓度包括。
18.预防或治疗糖尿病的方法,包括向具有糖尿病或怀疑具有糖尿病的对象施用权利要求16所述的药物组合物。
19.制备权利要求1至9任一项所述的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素多聚体的试剂盒,其包括通过经共价键连接非肽基聚合物和胰岛素制备的非肽基聚合物-胰岛素缀合物;和包含钴离子的溶液,其中所述溶液包含通过在水溶液中溶剂化解离成二价钴离子的盐和氧化剂;通过在水溶液中溶剂化解离成二价钴离子的盐的水合物和氧化剂;或通过在水溶液中溶剂化解离成三价钴离子的盐或其水合物。
20.根据权利要求19所述的试剂盒,其中所述盐或所述其水合物和所述氧化剂分别存储在各自的容器中。
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CN105820233A (zh) * | 2015-01-04 | 2016-08-03 | 甘李药业股份有限公司 | 一种胰岛素衍生物的制备方法 |
CN107436311A (zh) * | 2016-05-25 | 2017-12-05 | 正大天晴药业集团股份有限公司 | 一种鉴别胰岛素单体或胰岛素多聚体的方法 |
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WO2005113592A2 (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2005-12-01 | Maxygen, Inc. | Interferon-alpha polypeptides and conjugates |
AU2005269753B2 (en) * | 2004-07-19 | 2011-08-18 | Biocon Limited | Insulin-oligomer conjugates, formulations and uses thereof |
CN101438252A (zh) * | 2004-10-07 | 2009-05-20 | 爱莫里大学 | 多功能纳米粒子共轭体及其应用 |
CN101060856B (zh) * | 2004-11-22 | 2011-01-19 | 诺和诺德公司 | 可溶、稳定的含胰岛素制剂 |
ES2361166T3 (es) * | 2005-07-08 | 2011-06-14 | Biocon Limited | Conjugados de insulina. |
EP2240782A2 (en) | 2008-02-04 | 2010-10-20 | Ulive Enterprises Limited | Nanoparticle conjugates |
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CN105820233A (zh) * | 2015-01-04 | 2016-08-03 | 甘李药业股份有限公司 | 一种胰岛素衍生物的制备方法 |
CN107436311A (zh) * | 2016-05-25 | 2017-12-05 | 正大天晴药业集团股份有限公司 | 一种鉴别胰岛素单体或胰岛素多聚体的方法 |
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EP2714095A2 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
AU2012263099A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
US20140107023A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
BR112013031040A2 (pt) | 2016-11-29 |
WO2012165916A3 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
RU2013152687A (ru) | 2015-07-20 |
TWI565714B (zh) | 2017-01-11 |
AU2012263099B2 (en) | 2017-06-29 |
NZ618800A (en) | 2015-08-28 |
CN107397953A (zh) | 2017-11-28 |
RU2606262C2 (ru) | 2017-01-10 |
EP2714095A4 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
AR086659A1 (es) | 2014-01-15 |
WO2012165916A2 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
KR101417934B1 (ko) | 2014-07-10 |
JP2014516985A (ja) | 2014-07-17 |
CA2837851A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
JP6005732B2 (ja) | 2016-10-12 |
KR20120135122A (ko) | 2012-12-12 |
TW201302784A (zh) | 2013-01-16 |
SG195192A1 (en) | 2013-12-30 |
US9944688B2 (en) | 2018-04-17 |
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