TWI565714B - 非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體及其製造方法 - Google Patents
非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體及其製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI565714B TWI565714B TW101119710A TW101119710A TWI565714B TW I565714 B TWI565714 B TW I565714B TW 101119710 A TW101119710 A TW 101119710A TW 101119710 A TW101119710 A TW 101119710A TW I565714 B TWI565714 B TW I565714B
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- Prior art keywords
- insulin
- peptidyl polymer
- group
- chain
- polymer
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Classifications
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Landscapes
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Description
本發明係有關非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體(multimer),其包含兩個或更多個藉由共價鍵連接非肽基聚合物與胰島素所製成之非肽基聚合物-胰島素接合物(conjugate),其中該接合物係與鈷離子錯合形成集合體;亦有關製備該集合體之方法與套組、包含該集合體作為活性成份之供預防或治療糖尿病之醫藥組成物,以及藉由對個體投予該組成物以預防或治療糖尿病之方法。
胰島素係由51個胺基酸組成,其分子量為5808道耳吞(Da)。胰島素係由胰臟中蘭格罕胰島之β細胞產生,並呈六聚體(六個胰島素分子形成一個單位)儲存後,再呈生物活性單體型式被吸收進入血管中。利用與鋅離子配位及三個二聚體之間之疏水性交互作用促進形成六聚體。在六聚體中,有兩個金屬離子結合位置,每個位置包含三個來自三個二聚體之組胺酸殘基。依據胰島素六聚體之結構態(T或R態),該等結合位置係位在六聚體之兩端或位在自表面通過中心的通道結構之底部。
目前,大多數市售重組胰島素與胰島素類似物係呈六聚體製劑。亦即,其調配法係在包含六聚體-安定化合物、鋅與苯酚(或甲酚)之緩衝液中包含3毫克(mg)/毫升(mL)或更多胰島素。相較於單體型式,該六聚體製劑對纖維顫動與去胺基化提供優越之抗性,藉以改良胰島素之安定性
及延長保存期限。此外,皮下注射後,六聚體製劑自注射部位進入血液之吸收速率比單體型式慢,因此其具有持續作用效期之優點。根據過去研究,此緩慢的吸收速率可由分子大小與儲積部位之微血管通透性之間之反比關係解釋。六聚體之此等性質係應用於最近發展之長效胰島素類似物,而造成在皮下注射後延緩或持續吸收胰島素。其代表性實例為胰島素得密爾(detemir),其係由脂肪酸鏈附接在天然胰島素B鏈中29-位置之離胺酸上所製成(Havelund等人,2004)。根據此研究,雖然所注射之胰島素得密爾在體內形成二-六聚體,但其藉由與白蛋白之疏水性交互作用形成大型分子複合物。因此,皮下半衰期(其係經皮下注射之藥物一半量通過微血管壁所需之時間)比天然胰島素六聚體延長4倍時間。
然而,該六聚體製劑之缺點在於其無法應用於在天然胰島素B鏈上第一個胺基酸苯丙胺酸上經過修飾之胰島素類似物,因為苯丙胺酸殘基涉及六聚體之結構安定性。根據過去使用PEG基化(PEGylated)胰島素之研究(Hinds等人,2000)。當採用UV-圓二色光譜(UV-circular dichroism)與沉降平衡法(sedimentation equilibrium)分析以750 Da或2,000 Da大小之PEG附接至天然胰島素B鏈之胺基末端所製成之胰島素類似物時,其中大多數呈單體存在,濃度在0.1-1.0(毫莫耳)mM範圍內。反之,在相應濃度範圍內之天然胰島素大多呈六聚體。因此,使用所調配之PEG基化胰島素六聚體皮下注射後,很難具有持續吸收胰島素之
優點。其他胰島素類似物實例為白蛋白-胰島素接合物、糖基化胰島素,等等。
因此,極需要發展一種會誘發形成胰島素類似物集合體之製劑,以改善其藥理性質,如:安定性與持續性。
因此,本案發明人使用鈷離子誘發形成PEG-胰島素六聚體,然後分析其藥理性質。結果發現,隨著濃度從微莫耳(μM)逐漸變化至奈莫耳(nM),PEG-胰島素六聚體解離成單體,其流體力學體積比PEG-胰島素接合物及胰島素六聚體大幅提高,且相較於市售長效胰島素商品,PEG-胰島素六聚體維持安定之六聚體型式,因而完成本發明。
本發明之目的在於提供非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體,其包含二個或更多個藉由共價鍵連接非肽基聚合物與胰島素所製成之非肽基聚合物-胰島素接合物,其中該接合物與鈷離子錯合形成集合體。
本發明另一個目的為提供製備非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體之方法,其包括令非肽基聚合物-胰島素接合物與包含鈷離子之溶液反應以產生非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體之步驟。
本發明另一個目的為提供用於預防或治療糖尿病之醫藥組成物,其包含非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體作為活性成份。
本發明另一個目的為提供預防或治療糖尿病之方法,其包括對罹患糖尿病或疑似罹患糖尿病之個體投予該醫藥組成物之步驟。
本發明另一個目的為提供用於製備非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體之套組,其包含藉由共價鍵連接非肽基聚合物與胰島素所製成之非肽基聚合物-胰島素接合物;與包含鈷離子之溶液,其中該溶液包含在水溶液與氧化劑中經過溶劑化作用(solvation)會解離成二價鈷離子之鹽、該於水溶液與氧化劑中經過溶劑化作用會解離成二價鈷離子之鹽之水合物、或於水溶液中經過溶劑化作用會解離成三價鈷離子之鹽或其水合物。
本發明非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體之優點在於其比非肽基聚合物-胰島素接合物與胰島素集合體具有顯著大之流體力學體積及高安定性。因此,經過皮下注射後,在自然稀釋解離成單體前,本發明集合體具有大體積,因而不會被快速吸收進入血流中。因此,可以一次投予大量藥物。此外,由於其緩慢解離成單體之性質,因此適用於發展長效胰島素製劑。
本發明於一態樣中提供一種非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體,其包含兩個或更多個藉由共價鍵連接非肽基聚合物與胰島素所製成之非肽基聚合物-胰島素接合物,其中該接
合物係與鈷離子錯合形成集合體。
本文所採用術語“非肽基聚合物-胰島素接合物”係指由非肽基聚合物利用共價鍵連接胰島素形成之接合物。本發明中,非肽基聚合物-胰島素接合物之功能為作為構成非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體之單體。
較佳為該非肽基聚合物-胰島素接合物可為藉由將非肽基聚合物利用共價鍵連接至胰島素A鏈之胺基末端、胰島素B鏈之胺基末端或胰島素B鏈之29-位置離胺酸所製成之接合物,更佳為藉由將非肽基聚合物利用共價鍵連接至胰島素B鏈胺基末端所製成之接合物。
本文所採用術語“胰島素”係指由胰臟因應血液中葡萄糖濃度提高所分泌之胜肽,以便使肝臟、肌肉或脂肪組織吸收葡萄糖,然後轉換成肝醣,並停止使用脂肪作為能量來源,因此控制血糖濃度。這種胜肽包括天然胰島素、天然胰島素促效劑、天然胰島素前驅物、胰島素衍生物、其片段與其變異體。
術語“天然胰島素”係指由胰臟分泌以促進吸收葡萄糖並抑制脂肪分解之激素,因此具有控制血糖濃度之功能。胰島素係由不涉及血糖濃度調節之前驅物(稱為胰島素原)經過修飾後形成。胰島素之胺基酸序列如下:
α鏈:
Gly-Ile-Val-Glu-Gln-Cys-Cys-Thr-Ser-Ile-Cys-Ser-Leu-Tyr-Gln-Leu-Glu-Asn-Tyr-Cys-Asn(SEQ ID NO.1)
β鏈:
Phe-Val-Asn-Gln-His-Leu-Cys-Gly-Ser-His-Leu-Val-Glu-Ala-Leu-Tyr-Leu-Val-Cys-Gly-Glu-Arg-Gly-Phe-Phe-Tyr-Thr-Pro-Lys-Thr(SEQ ID NO.2)
天然胰島素為由A鏈與B鏈利用兩個鏈間雙硫鍵連接形成之異二聚體,其中分別由A鏈上6-位置之半胱胺酸與B鏈上7-位置之半胱胺酸、及A鏈上20-位置之半胱胺酸與B鏈上19-位置之半胱胺酸形成雙硫鍵。
術語“胰島素促效劑”意指會與胰島素受體結合並顯現與胰島素同等生物活性之化合物,其與胰島素結構無關。
術語“胰島素變異體”為具有一或多種不同於天然胰島素之胺基酸序列之胜肽,並指保留其在體內控制血糖濃度功能之胜肽。胰島素變異體可由天然胰島素之一部份胺基酸序列經過取代、增加、刪除與修飾或其組合中任一種方式製成。
術語“胰島素衍生物”意指與天然胰島素具有至少80%胺基酸序列同源性之胜肽,其胺基酸殘基上某些基團可能經過化學性取代(例如:α-甲基化、α-羥基化)、刪除(例如:去胺基化)或修飾(例如:N-甲基化),且於體內具有調節血糖濃度之功能。
術語“胰島素片段”意指在天然胰島素之N-末端或C-末端增加或刪除一個或多個胺基酸之片段,其中可增加非天然胺基酸(例如:D-型胺基酸),且在體內具有調節血糖濃度之功能。
本文所採用術語“非肽基聚合物”係指包括兩個或更多個利用肽鍵以外之共價鍵相互連接之重覆單位所形成之生物可相容性聚合物。該非肽基聚合物之分子量可為1至100 kDa,較佳為1至20 kDa。
此外,該非肽基聚合物可具有能與蛋白質結合之單末端反應性基團或雙末端反應性基團。較佳者,該反應性基團可選自下列各物所組成之群組:乙醛、丙醛、丁醛、馬來醯亞胺與琥珀醯亞胺衍生物。特定言之,當非肽基聚合物之兩端均具有反應性醛基時,其能在兩端與胰島素及免疫球蛋白有效連接,並產生最低之非特異性反應。由醛鍵之還原性烷化反應產生之終產物遠比由醯胺鍵連接之產物安定。醛反應性基團可在低pH選擇性結合N-末端,並在高pH(如:pH 9.0)結合離胺酸殘基,形成共價鍵。
較佳者,適用於本發明之非肽基聚合物可選自下列各物所組成之群組:生物可降解性聚合物、脂質聚合物、幾丁質、玻尿酸與其組合,更佳者,該生物可降解性聚合物可為聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、乙二醇-丙二醇共聚物、聚氧乙基化多元醇、聚乙烯基醇、多醣、葡聚糖、聚乙烯基乙基醚、聚乳酸(PLA)或聚乳酸-乙醇酸(PLGA),且亦更佳為聚乙二醇(PEG)。此外,本領域已知之其衍生物與容易利用本領域已知方法製備之衍生物亦於本發明範疇內。例如:當採用附接L-γ-麩胺酸之非肽基聚合物時,由於L-γ-麩胺酸之間發生交互作用,因此可能有利於形成聚合性胰島素集合體。
本文所採用術語“非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體”或“鈷非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體”為其中非肽基聚合物-胰島素接合物與鈷離子錯合之集合體,且包括由鈷離子與非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體中一個分子配位形成之化合物。
較佳者,該非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體可為二聚體、三聚體、四聚體、五聚體或六聚體,較佳為非肽基聚合物-胰島素六聚體。
較佳者,該非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體可為由三價鈷陽離子形成之集合體。該非肽基聚合物-胰島素接合物之非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體製劑係使用三價鈷陽離子(Co(III))作為配位金屬離子形成。更佳為該接合物係與三價鈷陽離子錯合,形成非肽基聚合物-胰島素六聚體,其中該三價鈷陽離子形成B10His之八面配位體(組胺酸位在胰島素B鏈之10-位置)。
本發明之明確具體實施例中,其中一種非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體,非肽基聚合物-胰島素六聚體包括由二個或更多個三價鈷離子與胰島素集合體中一個分子配位形成之化合物。具有環形橫切面之圓柱形胰島素六聚體本質上係藉由二價鋅離子之配位鍵與三個胰島素二聚體間之疏水性交互作用形成。其中一個胰島素六聚體有兩個金屬離子-結合位置,其中每一個位置涉及衍生自三個二聚體之三個組胺酸殘基(位在B鏈之10-位置)。非肽基聚合物胰島素六聚體中金屬離子結合位置之兩個三價鈷離子可以穩定該
六聚體之結構。
本發明非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體之流體力學體積大於非肽基聚合物-胰島素接合物與鈷胰島素集合體,且具有緩慢解離成單體之性質。因此,其顯示優異之活體內效力持續性(duration of efficacy)與安定性,因而適用於治療糖尿病。
本發明一項具體實施例中,單-PEG基化非肽基聚合物-胰島素接合物之製法係令PEG附接至胰島素B鏈之胺基末端(實施例1與2),並於活體外證實該接合物之活性(實施例3)。
再者,當使用接合物與鈷離子製備六聚體(鈷PEG-胰島素六聚體)時,其流體力學體積大幅提高(實施例4與5)。在0.04μM之低濃度,鈷PEG-胰島素六聚體顯示70%或更高六聚體比例,而鈷胰島素六聚體則在低濃度顯示20%六聚體比例。因此,鈷PEG-胰島素六聚體是安定的,因為其可在低濃度製成六聚體製劑(實施例6)。此外,相較於市面上長效胰島素商品(如:由胰島素得密爾(detemir)組成之瑞和密爾(Levemir),以及由在胰島素B鏈上經過取代及插入之胰島素甘精(glargine)之六聚體組成之蘭德仕(Lantus)),該鈷PEG-胰島素六聚體顯示較短之溶離時間及較低之解離常數,此表示該六聚體在皮下注射後,比市售胰島素商品具有更大體積與安定性(實施例7)。此等結果支持本發明非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體具有優異之活體內效力持續性與安定性,因此該集合體或包含該集合體
之組成物可用於治療糖尿病。
另一態樣中,本發明提供一種製備本發明非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體之方法,其包括令非肽基聚合物-胰島素接合物與包含鈷離子之溶液反應以產生非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體之步驟。
本發明中,由所製成之非肽基聚合物-胰島素接合物與包含鈷離子之溶液反應,因此製成根據本發明之非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體,其中該非肽基聚合物-胰島素接合物之製法可為令胰島素與具有選自乙醛、馬來醯亞胺與琥珀醯亞胺衍生物之反應性基團之非肽基聚合物共價連接,並自反應混合物中單離該非肽基聚合物-胰島素接合物。
非肽基聚合物之反應性基團中之琥珀醯亞胺衍生物可為琥珀醯亞胺基丙酸酯(succinimidyl propionate)、羥基琥珀醯亞胺基(hydroxy succinimidyl)、琥珀醯亞胺基羧甲基(succinimidyl carboxymethyl)或琥珀醯亞胺基碳酸酯(succinimidyl carbonate)。
鈷離子與非肽基聚合物-胰島素接合物之莫耳比可為0.1至1。
任何溶液均可使用,沒有限制,只要溶液包含鈷離子即可。較佳者,溶液中可包含於水溶液中經過溶劑化作用會解離成二價鈷離子之鹽、其水合物,於水溶液與氧化劑中經過溶劑化作用會解離成二價鈷離子之鹽、該於水溶液與氧化劑中經過溶劑化作用會解離成二價鈷離子之鹽之水合物、或於水溶液中經過溶劑化作用會解離成三價鈷離子
之鹽或其水合物。更佳者,該溶液包含於水溶液與氧化劑中經過溶劑化作用會解離成二價鈷離子之鹽、該於水溶液與氧化劑中經過溶劑化作用會解離成二價鈷離子之鹽之水合物、或於水溶液中經過溶劑化作用會解離成三價鈷離子之鹽或其水合物。
該會解離成二價鈷離子之鹽可為氯化鈷(II)(CoCl2),且該會解離成三價鈷離子之鹽可為氯化鈷(III)(CoCl3)。
此外,適用於本發明之氧化劑可包括如過氧化氫之物質,其具有氧化能力,可使水溶液及非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體中之二價鈷離子轉化成三價鈷離子。較佳者,氧化劑與二價鈷離子之莫耳比可為0.5至5。
較佳者,該反應可在pH 5至9之緩衝液中進行,更佳係在pH 7.5至8.5之緩衝液中進行。
另一態樣中,本發明提供一種用於預防或治療糖尿病之醫藥組成物,其包含本發明非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體作為活性成份。
此外,另一態樣中,本發明提供一種預防或治療糖尿病之方法,其包括對罹患糖尿病或疑似罹患糖尿病之個體投與本發明醫藥組成物之步驟。
本文所採用術語“糖尿病”意指由胰島素分泌或功能異常所引起之代謝疾病。以本發明組成物投予個體,以控制血糖濃度,藉以治療糖尿病。
本文所採用術語“預防”意指所有藉由投予組成物來
限制糖尿病症狀或阻止糖尿病發生之作用,術語“治療”意指所有藉由投予組成物來改善或以有利方式改變已發生之糖尿病症狀之作用。糖尿病之治療可應用於可能罹患糖尿病之任何哺乳動物,其實例包括人類與靈長類,及牲畜,如:牛、豬、羊、馬、狗與貓,但未加以限制,以人類較佳。
本文所採用術語“投予”意指採用某些合適方法將預定量之物質引進患者體內。該非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體可利用任何常用途徑投予,只要其可以到達所需組織即可。有各種不同投予模式可以採用,包括經腹膜內、靜脈、肌肉、皮下、皮內、經口、局部、鼻內、肺內與直腸,但本發明並不限於此等例舉之投予模式。然而,由於胜肽在經口投予時會被消化,因此供經口投予之組成物中活性成份應經過包覆或調配,以保護防止在胃中降解。較佳者,該集合體可呈注射型投予。此外,該醫藥組成物可使用能運送活性成份至標靶細胞之某些裝置投藥。
本發明非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體在低濃度範圍仍維持其型式,不會解離成單體,因此展現作為醫藥組成物時之優異儲存性(第4圖)。因此,本發明醫藥組成物可包括濃度為0.01μM至100μM之本發明非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體,較佳為0.1μM至100μM,更佳為1μM至100μM,亦更佳為10μM至100μM。
本發明醫藥組成物可包括醫藥上可接受之載劑。經口投予時,醫藥上可接受之載劑可包括結合劑、潤滑劑、崩
解劑、賦形劑、溶解劑、分散劑、安定劑、懸浮劑、著色劑與香料。用於注射劑時,醫藥上可接受之載劑可包括緩衝劑、防腐劑、止痛劑、溶解劑、等滲劑與安定劑。供局部投予之製劑中,醫藥上可接受之載劑可包括基質、賦形劑、潤滑劑與防腐劑。本發明醫藥組成物可組合上述醫藥上可接受之載劑,調配成各種不同劑型。例如:經口投予時,該醫藥組成物可調配成錠劑、口含錠、膠囊、酏劑、懸浮液、糖漿或薄片(wafer)。用於注射劑時,該醫藥組成物可調配成單位劑型,如:多劑量容器或呈單一劑量劑型之安瓶。該醫藥組成物亦可調配成溶液、懸浮液、錠劑、丸劑、膠囊與長效製備劑。
另一方面,適用於醫藥製劑之載劑、賦形劑與稀釋劑實例包括乳糖、右旋糖、蔗糖、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、木糖醇、赤藻糖醇、麥芽糖醇、澱粉、阿拉伯膠、褐藻酸鹽、明膠、磷酸鈣、矽酸鈣、纖維素、甲基纖維素、微晶纖維素、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、水、羥基苯甲酸甲酯、羥基苯甲酸丙酯、滑石、硬脂酸鎂與礦物油。此外,該等醫藥製劑可進一步包括填料、抗結塊劑、潤滑劑、保濕劑、香料與抗菌劑。
本發明組成物可以醫藥有效量投予。本文所採用術語“醫藥有效量”係指足以治療疾病之用量,具有適用於醫學處理之合理效益/風險比例。本發明組成物之有效劑量可依據個體、疾病之嚴重性、年齡、性別、藥物活性、藥物敏感性、投予時間、投予途徑、排泄速率、治療時間、同
時使用之藥物與醫學上已知之其他因素決定。
根據本發明之非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體具有比非肽基聚合物-胰島素接合物與胰島素集合體更優異之活體內持續效力與安定性,因此適用於預防與治療糖尿病。因此,投予包括該集合體之醫藥組成物有助於預防與治療疾病。
另一態樣中,本發明提供一種用於製備本發明非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體之套組,其包含藉由共價鍵連接非肽基聚合物與胰島素所製成之非肽基聚合物-胰島素接合物;與包含鈷離子之溶液,其中該溶液包含於水溶液與氧化劑中經過溶劑化作用會解離成二價鈷離子之鹽;該於水溶液與氧化劑中經過溶劑化作用會解離成二價鈷離子之鹽之水合物;或於水溶液中經過溶劑化作用會解離成三價鈷離子之鹽或其水合物。
於製備本發明非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體之套組中,該鹽或其水合物與氧化劑可存放在同一個容器或分開存放在個別容器中。
此外,本發明套組可進一步包括說明最佳反應條件之說明書,與醫藥上可接受之載劑。該說明書可包括說明指南,如:小冊或手冊、貼在套組上之標籤與附在含套組之包裝表面上之說明。此外,該指南可包括已公開之資訊或透過電子媒體(如:網路)提供之資訊。
下文中,本發明將參考下列實例更詳細說明。然而,此等實例僅供說明,本發明並無意受到此等實例之限制。
為了連接分子量為5k或20k之mPEG-醛(單甲氧基聚乙二醇-醛)至人類天然胰島素B鏈之胺基末端,使胰島素與mPEG-醛依莫耳比1:2,胰島素濃度為2 mg/mL,在4℃反應12小時。此時,反應係在100 mM檸檬酸鈉緩衝液(pH 6.0)中進行,並添加20 mM氰基氫硼化鈉(SCB)作為還原劑。採用填裝於HR管柱(GE Healthcare)中之SOURCE 15S(GE Healthcare)樹脂,自反應混合物中單離出B鏈之胺基末端經過單-PEG基化之胰島素。如第1圖所示,觀察到PEG(5k或20k)-胰島素接合物為主要波峰(第1圖)。
管柱:填裝有Source 15S介質之HR管柱(GE Healthcare)
流速:1.8毫升/分鐘(mL/min)
梯度:A 0→50% 100 min B(A:20 mM檸檬酸鈉(檸檬酸鈉)pH 3.0+60%乙醇,B:A+0.5M KCl)
使用Glu-C(Roche Applied Science)裂解PEG-胰島素接合物或人類天然胰島素。該反應係在20 mM HEPES緩衝液(pH 8.2)與25℃之條件下進行12小時。利用逆向高效液相層析法分析反應物。採用Jupiter 5微米C18管柱(Phenomenex,Inc.),於Agilent 1200 Series模組上操作。如第2圖所示,發現大多數PEG已連接胰島素B鏈之胺基末端(第2圖)。
管柱:Jupiter 5微米C18(Phenomenex,Inc.)
流速:1 mL/min
梯度:A 10→30% 65 min B,A 30→40% 5 min B(A:20 mM硫酸鈉pH 2.0,B:A+100%乙腈)
為了讓囓齒類纖維母細胞3T3-L1分化成脂肪細胞,依每孔1.0×105之細胞密度,接種細胞至包含10% FBS/DMEM培養基(其中包含地塞美松(dexamethasone)、IBMX與胰島素)之48-孔培養盤中。分化後之細胞經過DPBS洗滌3次,於不含血清之DMEM中培養4小時。在含糖之DMEM中製備適當濃度範圍內之人類天然胰島素、PEG(5k)-胰島素與PEG(20k)-胰島素,然後加至含有分化之脂肪細胞之48孔培養盤中。於37℃下培養24小時後,採用D-葡萄糖分析套組(Megazyme)測定培養基中殘留之糖濃度,計算EC50值,示於表1。
此等結果顯示,PEG-胰島素具有胰島素活性。
取含PEG-胰島素接合物之20 mM HEPES緩衝液(pH 8.2)與氯化鈷溶液混合,鈷與六聚體之比例為3:1。為了轉化
二價鈷離子形成三價鈷離子,添加二價鈷離子總量之兩倍量之過氧化氫,置於室溫2小時。然後,利用SEC(分子大小篩選層析法)單離出PEG-胰島素六聚體。
管柱:Superdex 200 16/60製備級(GE Healthcare)
流速:0.4 mL/min
緩衝液:20 mM HEPES pH 8.2+0.2 M NaCl
PEG-胰島素接合物或鈷PEG-胰島素六聚體之流體力學體積係根據實施例4說明之條件測定,但其中改用Superdex 200 10/300 GL作為管柱。由標準蛋白質之溶離體積計算迴歸線。分配係數(Kav)之定義如下。
Kav=(Ve-V0)/(Vt-V0)
Ve代表溶離體積,V0代表由藍色葡聚糖(Blue dextran)測定之空隙體積,及Vt代表床體積。
如第3圖所示,發現鈷PEG(5k)-胰島素六聚體(300 kDa)之流體力學體積比單體(60 kDa)高約5倍,且鈷PEG(20k)-胰島素六聚體(1,600 kDa)之流體力學體積比單體高約10倍(第3圖)。
此等結果顯示,鈷PEG-胰島素集合體之流體力學體積顯著高於單體,因此其腎清除閥值下降,可以提高活體內效力持續性。
取純化之濃度為100μM之鈷PEG-胰島素六聚體與鈷胰島素六聚體經過DPBS稀釋至1μM、0.1μM與0.04μM。
置於室溫16小時後,採用離心濃縮器(Vivaspin 20,Sartorius)濃縮至0.3 mM。根據實施例5說明之條件分析。由波峰面積計算六聚體與單體之比例。如第4圖所示,當鈷胰島素六聚體濃度(黑色圓圈)下降時,即迅速解離成單體,因此在濃度0.04μM時,六聚體比例會降至20%。然而,在相同濃度下,鈷PEG(5k)-胰島素六聚體(黑色三角形)與鈷PEG(20k)-胰島素六聚體(黑色方形)之比例仍維持70%或更高(第4圖)。
此等結果顯示,鈷PEG-胰島素六聚體即使在低濃度仍呈安定之六聚體型,且相較於鈷胰島素六聚體,其具有較緩慢解離成單體之性質,因此可用於發展長效胰島素六聚體製劑。
採用分子大小篩選層析法間接預測經過皮下注射之胰島素製劑之分子大小及經過天然稀釋後(Havelund等人,2004)之分子大小變化。採用代表性之市售長效胰島素製劑商品:瑞和密爾(Levemir)與蘭德仕(Lantus)作為對照組,來檢測鈷PEG-胰島素六聚體之相對分子大小,根據實施例4說明之條件進行層析法,但其中改用DPBS作為緩衝液來製造皮下環境。
如表2所示,相較於瑞和密爾(Levemir)與蘭德仕(Lantus),該鈷PEG-胰島素六聚體顯示較短之溶離時間與較低之解離係數。此等結果顯示,相較於兩種市售長效胰
島素製劑商品,鈷PEG-胰島素六聚體在皮下注射後,將維持其大體積與安定之六聚體型式(表2)。
第1圖A出示陽離子交換層析法(CEC)單離胰島素之結果,其中PEG(5k)係連接至胰島素之B鏈之胺基末端;且第1圖B出示陽離子交換層析法單離胰島素之結果,其中PEG(20k)係連接至胰島素之B鏈之胺基末端;第2圖出示藉由Glu-C胜肽圖譜分析(peptide mapping)來比較人類天然胰島素片段層析圖譜(上圖)與PEG-胰島素接合物層析圖譜(下圖),以檢視PEG附接位置之結果;第3圖出示利用分子大小篩選層析法(SEC)測定PEG-胰島素接合物與鈷PEG-胰島素六聚體之流體力學體積結果,其中迴歸線係由標準蛋白質(從左上方看起,6個白色圓圈分別為抑肽酶(aprotinin),6.5 kDa;核糖核酸酶,13.7 kDa;伴白蛋白(conalbumin),75 kDa;免疫球蛋白
G,150 kDa;儲鐵蛋白(ferritin),443 kDa;甲狀腺球蛋白(thyroglobulin),669 kDa)之溶離時間計算;及第4圖出示分子大小篩選層析法之結果,鈷PEG(5K)-胰島素六聚體(▲)、鈷PEG(20k)-胰島素六聚體(■)與鈷胰島素六聚體(●)係經純化以利用杜氏(Dulbecoo’s)磷酸鹽緩衝生理食鹽水(DPBS)稀釋法檢測其解離成單體之結果。
<110> 韓美科學股份有限公司
<120> 非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體及其製造方法
<130> OPA12060
<150> KR10-2011-0053487
<151> 2011-06-02
<160> 2
<170> KopatentIn 1.71
<210> 1
<211> 21
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 胰島素A鏈
<400> 1
<210> 2
<211> 30
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 胰島素B鏈
<400> 2
該代表圖無元件符號及其所代表之意義。
Claims (14)
- 一種非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體,其主要由兩個或更多個藉由共價鍵連接非肽基聚合物到胰島素之A鏈之胺基末端、B鏈之胺基末端或該B鏈之29-位置離胺酸所製成之非肽基聚合物-胰島素接合物所組成,其中該接合物的胰島素部份係與三價鈷離子錯合形成集合體,其中該非肽基聚合物係選自生物可降解性聚合物、脂質聚合物、幾丁質、玻尿酸與其組合所組成之群組,以及其中該非肽基聚合物中與該胰島素共價連接之反應性基團係選自乙醛、丙醛、丁醛、馬來醯亞胺與琥珀醯亞胺衍生物所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之集合體,其中該胰島素為天然胰島素,藉由將該天然胰島素胺基酸序列經過取代、增加、刪除、修飾或其組合而製成之胰島素變異體,胰島素衍生物或其片段。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之集合體,其中該生物可降解性聚合物選自聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、乙二醇-丙二醇共聚物、聚氧乙基化多元醇、聚乙烯基醇、多醣、葡聚糖、聚乙烯基乙基醚、聚乳酸與聚乳酸-乙醇酸所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之集合體,其中該生物可降解性聚合物為聚乙二醇。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之集合體,其中該非肽基聚 合物-胰島素集合體為非肽基聚合物-胰島素六聚體。
- 一種製備如申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項所述之非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體之方法,其包括令非肽基聚合物-胰島素接合物與包含三價鈷離子之溶液於無任何安定劑存在下反應以產生非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體之步驟,其中該非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體係藉由共價鍵連接非肽基聚合物至胰島素之A鏈之胺基末端、B鏈之胺基末端或該B鏈之29-位置離胺酸所製成,其中該非肽基聚合物係選自生物可降解性聚合物、脂質聚合物、幾丁質、玻尿酸與其組合所組成之群組,以及其中該非肽基聚合物中與該胰島素共價連接之反應性基團係選自乙醛、丙醛、丁醛、馬來醯亞胺與琥珀醯亞胺衍生物所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之製法,其中該溶液包含於水溶液中經過溶劑化作會解離成三價鈷離子之鹽或其水合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之製法,其中該會解離成三價鈷離子之鹽為氯化鈷(III)(CoCl3)。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之製法,其中該反應係在pH 5至9之緩衝液中進行。
- 一種預防或治療糖尿病之醫藥組成物,其包含如申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項所述之非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體作為活性成份。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之醫藥組成物,其中該非 肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體之含量濃度為0.01μM至100μM。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第10項所述之醫藥組成物用於製造預防或治療糖尿病的藥物之用途。
- 一種用於製備如申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項所述之非肽基聚合物-胰島素集合體之套組,其包含藉由共價鍵連接非肽基聚合物至胰島素之A鏈之胺基末端、B鏈之胺基末端或該B鏈之29-位置離胺酸所製成之非肽基聚合物-胰島素接合物;與包含三價鈷離子之溶液,其中該溶液包含於水溶液中經過溶劑化作用會解離成三價鈷離子之鹽或其水合物,其中該非肽基聚合物係選自生物可降解性聚合物、脂質聚合物、幾丁質、玻尿酸與其組合所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項所述之套組,其中該鹽或其水合物係分開存放在個別容器中。
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WO2012165916A3 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
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AU2012263099B2 (en) | 2017-06-29 |
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CN107397953A (zh) | 2017-11-28 |
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EP2714095A4 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
AR086659A1 (es) | 2014-01-15 |
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