CN103740095A - Red flame-retardant anti-UV color master batch for nylon - Google Patents
Red flame-retardant anti-UV color master batch for nylon Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103740095A CN103740095A CN201310738608.XA CN201310738608A CN103740095A CN 103740095 A CN103740095 A CN 103740095A CN 201310738608 A CN201310738608 A CN 201310738608A CN 103740095 A CN103740095 A CN 103740095A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- stabilizer
- fire
- antioxidant
- nylon
- retardant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K13/00—Use of mixtures of ingredients not covered by one single of the preceding main groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C08K13/02—Organic and inorganic ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K3/2279—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of antimony
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/13—Phenols; Phenolates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/17—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3467—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having more than two nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08K5/3472—Five-membered rings
- C08K5/3475—Five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/524—Esters of phosphorous acids, e.g. of H3PO3
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/08—Stabilised against heat, light or radiation or oxydation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2310/00—Masterbatches
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a red flame-retardant anti-UV color master batch for nylon, which is composed of the following components in percentage by weight: 15-30% of red colorant, 25-40% of polyamide resin, 5-15% of composite stabilizer, 10-15% of flame retardant, 10-15% of nano powdery solid particle and 3-10% of dispersing agent. The composite stabilizer at least comprises two of hindered phenol antioxidant, phosphite antioxidant, copper halide stabilizer, hindered amine photostabilizer, anti-hydrolysis agent, diphenyl ketone and benzotriazole UV absorbent. Compared with the prior art, the various stabilizers are compounded to generate a synergistic effect, thereby ensuring the stability of the material in the working process and outdoor long-term usage process; and the material has better mechanical properties, and is suitable for design and application of high-end nylon products with requirements for long-term weather resistance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coloring plastic, relate in particular to the fire-retardant anti-UV nylon Masterbatch of a kind of redness.
Background technology
Masterbatch is a kind of plastics of the sixties in 20th century exploitation, the painted product innovation of fiber, and it is that pigment super quantity is attached in resin and the mixture of the polymkeric substance making uniformly.Masterbatch chief component is tinting material, carrier, dispersion agent three parts.
According to related data, learn that the average annual growth rate of demand about 7%-9% of the other countries of Asia to Masterbatch can China be 20% left and right to the average annual growth rate of demand of Masterbatch.Estimate that China will become the fastest-rising market of Masterbatch demand.Particularly colored and add master batch, China wants dependence on import.China has become the largest production state in Masterbatch market, Asia and has consumed state.Relevant expert thinks, following Masterbatch will be towards multifunction, high color content and high technology content future development.
And common nylon master batch adds in nylon raw material, cannot guarantee the stability in material work in-process and outdoor use, generally all can reduce the mechanical property of material, thereby reduce the design and use life-span of product.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to deficiency of the prior art, provide a kind of add rear to the fire-retardant anti-UV nylon Masterbatch of the little redness of nylon Effect on Mechanical Properties.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is solved by following technical proposals: the fire-retardant anti-UV nylon Masterbatch of a kind of redness, it is characterized in that by weight percentage, composed of the following components: red stain 15%-30%, polyamide resin 25%-40%, one package stabilizer 5%-15%, fire retardant 10%-15%, nanoscale powder shape solid particulate 10%-15%, dispersion agent 3%-10%; Described one package stabilizer at least comprises two kinds in Hinered phenols antioxidant, phosphite ester kind antioxidant, copper halide class stablizer, hindered amine light stabilizer, hydrolysis-resisting agent, benzophenone, Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer.Compared with prior art, the present invention mainly adopts the composite of plurality of stable agent, make various stablizers produce synergistic effect, guarantee that material neutralizes out of doors and can guarantee stability in life-time service in the course of processing, the mechanical property of material is better, is applicable to high-end nylon product design and the application of long-term weather-proof requirement.Meanwhile, in the present invention, add fire retardant, obtained fire-retardant technique effect; Added nanoscale powder shape solid particulate, contributed to improve the wear resisting property of nylon, the work-ing life of nylon and security are improved greatly.
As preferred version: above-mentioned one package stabilizer at least comprises two kinds in Hinered phenols antioxidant, hindered amine light stabilizer, Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer and phosphite ester kind antioxidant.Hinered phenols antioxidant and hindered amine light stabilizer be hydroperoxide decomposition and Trapped free radical effectively, and both are a bit similar, but hindered amine light stabilizer can cyclic regeneration, and Hinered phenols antioxidant is disposable; UV light absorber can effectively absorb sunlight middle-ultraviolet lamp, reduces by UV-induced photoaging; Phosphite ester kind antioxidant is brought into play antioxidant effect as hydrogen peroxide decomposition agent and radical trapping agent in polymkeric substance, use substantially without obvious effect separately, but play synergy with Hinered phenols antioxidant, obviously reinforcement material neutralizes out of doors and can guarantee stability in life-time service in the course of processing.
As preferably, above-mentioned one package stabilizer is comprised of Hinered phenols antioxidant, hindered amine light stabilizer, Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer and phosphite ester kind antioxidant; By weight percentage, Hinered phenols antioxidant 25%-35% wherein, hindered amine light stabilizer 15%-25%, Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer 20%-30%, phosphite ester kind antioxidant 20%-30%.By Hinered phenols antioxidant, phosphite ester kind antioxidant
,the quaternary system that hindered amine light stabilizer, Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer form has good stabilising effect to the long-term weatherability of nylon product.Only use Hinered phenols antioxidant and hindered amine light stabilizer binary system, during nylon material tensile strength retention rate 50%, the required burn-in test time is 2450 hours, while containing the nylon product tensile strength retention rate 70% that above-mentioned quaternary system forms, the required burn-in test time is 6200 hours, Each performs its own functions for four kinds of stablizers, has significantly collaborative synergistic effect.
As preferably, above-mentioned fire retardant is a kind of in red phosphorus, zinc borate, nitrogen phosphorus halogen-free flame retardants, antimonous oxide, brominated epoxy resin.
As preferably, above-mentioned dispersion agent at least comprises a kind of in ethene-vinyl acetate wax, ethylene bis stearic amide, pentaerythritol stearate.
As preferably, above-mentioned red stain is a kind of of red iron oxide, transparent red EG.
The present invention compared with prior art, there is following beneficial effect: the present invention mainly adopts the composite of plurality of stable agent, make various stablizers produce synergistic effect, guarantee that material neutralizes out of doors and can guarantee stability in life-time service in the course of processing, the mechanical property of material is better, is applicable to high-end nylon product design and the application of long-term weather-proof requirement.Meanwhile, in the present invention, added fire retardant, obtained fire-retardant technique effect, the safety in utilization of nylon is improved greatly; Added nanoscale powder shape solid particulate, contributed to improve the wear resisting property of nylon, the work-ing life of nylon and security are improved greatly.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail: red stain 15%-30%, polyamide resin 25%-40%, one package stabilizer 5%-15%, fire retardant 10%-15%, nanoscale powder shape solid particulate 10%-15%, dispersion agent 3%-10%.
Embodiment 1.
The fire-retardant anti-UV nylon Masterbatch of redness, by weight percentage, composed of the following components: red iron oxide 20%, polyamide resin 40%, one package stabilizer 10%, red phosphorus 10%, nanoscale powder shape solid particulate 15%, dispersion agent 5%.
Wherein, one package stabilizer is comprised of Hinered phenols antioxidant and phosphite ester kind antioxidant, and by weight, Hinered phenols antioxidant is one package stabilizer 60%, and phosphite ester kind antioxidant is one package stabilizer 40%; Dispersion agent is ethene-vinyl acetate wax.
Embodiment 2.
The fire-retardant anti-UV nylon Masterbatch of redness, by weight percentage, composed of the following components: transparent red EG 30%, polyamide resin 25%, one package stabilizer 15%, antimonous oxide 15%, nanoscale powder shape solid particulate 10%, dispersion agent 5%.
Wherein, one package stabilizer is comprised of Hinered phenols antioxidant, hindered amine light stabilizer, Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer and phosphite ester kind antioxidant; By weight percentage, wherein Hinered phenols antioxidant 35%, hindered amine light stabilizer 15%, Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer 30%, phosphite ester kind antioxidant 20%; Dispersion agent is pentaerythritol stearate.
Comparative example 1.
Red iron oxide 20%, polyamide resin 40%, Hinered phenols antioxidant 10%, antimonous oxide 10%, nanoscale powder shape solid particulate 15%, dispersion agent 5%.
Comparative example 2.
Transparent red EG 30%, polyamide resin 25%, Hinered phenols antioxidant 15%, antimonous oxide 15%, nanoscale powder shape solid particulate 10%, dispersion agent 5%.
Experimental result: embodiment 1, during nylon material tensile strength retention rate 50%, the required burn-in test time is 3240 hours; Embodiment 2, and during nylon material tensile strength retention rate 70%, the required burn-in test time is 6340 hours; Comparative example 1, during nylon material tensile strength retention rate 50%, the required burn-in test time is, 2160 hours; Comparative example 2, during nylon material tensile strength retention rate 50%, the required burn-in test time is, 1930 hours.
Claims (6)
1. the fire-retardant anti-UV nylon Masterbatch of redness, it is characterized in that by weight percentage, composed of the following components: red stain 15%-30%, polyamide resin 25%-40%, one package stabilizer 5%-15%, fire retardant 10%-15%, nanoscale powder shape solid particulate 10%-15%, dispersion agent 3%-10%; Described one package stabilizer at least comprises two kinds in Hinered phenols antioxidant, phosphite ester kind antioxidant, copper halide class stablizer, hindered amine light stabilizer, hydrolysis-resisting agent, benzophenone, Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer.
2. the fire-retardant anti-UV nylon Masterbatch of a kind of redness according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described one package stabilizer at least comprises two kinds in Hinered phenols antioxidant, hindered amine light stabilizer, Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer and phosphite ester kind antioxidant.
3. the fire-retardant anti-UV nylon Masterbatch of a kind of redness according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described one package stabilizer is comprised of Hinered phenols antioxidant, hindered amine light stabilizer, Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer and phosphite ester kind antioxidant; By weight percentage, Hinered phenols antioxidant 25%-35% wherein, hindered amine light stabilizer 15%-25%, Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer 20%-30%, phosphite ester kind antioxidant 20%-30%.
4. the fire-retardant anti-UV nylon Masterbatch of a kind of redness according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fire retardant is a kind of in red phosphorus, zinc borate, nitrogen phosphorus halogen-free flame retardants, antimonous oxide, brominated epoxy resin.
5. according to the fire-retardant anti-UV nylon Masterbatch of a kind of redness described in arbitrary claim in claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that: described dispersion agent at least comprises a kind of in ethene-vinyl acetate wax, ethylene bis stearic amide, pentaerythritol stearate.
6. the fire-retardant anti-UV nylon Masterbatch of a kind of redness according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described red stain is a kind of of red iron oxide, transparent red EG.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310738608.XA CN103740095A (en) | 2013-12-28 | 2013-12-28 | Red flame-retardant anti-UV color master batch for nylon |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310738608.XA CN103740095A (en) | 2013-12-28 | 2013-12-28 | Red flame-retardant anti-UV color master batch for nylon |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103740095A true CN103740095A (en) | 2014-04-23 |
Family
ID=50497168
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310738608.XA Pending CN103740095A (en) | 2013-12-28 | 2013-12-28 | Red flame-retardant anti-UV color master batch for nylon |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103740095A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105440580A (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2016-03-30 | 中国蓝星（集团）股份有限公司 | Fiber reinforced resin matrix composite weatherability improvement composition and application thereof |
| CN105696103A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-06-22 | 义乌市瑞宝智能科技有限公司 | Copolymerization flame-retardant ultraviolet resistant nylon 6 fiber for carpet yarn and preparation method thereof |
| CN106589914A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-04-26 | 苏州圣鑫莱新材料有限公司 | Nano PA color master batch |
| CN110684215A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-01-14 | 东莞理工学院 | Mixture of condensed ring aromatic pigment and high molecular material, preparation method and downstream product thereof |
| CN111117236A (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2020-05-08 | 东莞市金富亮塑胶科技有限公司 | anti-UV nylon modified color master batch formula |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1649970A (en) * | 2002-05-01 | 2005-08-03 | 西巴特殊化学品控股有限公司 | Pigment preparations |
| CN101456962A (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2009-06-17 | 黄华昌 | High-content red phosphorus flame-retardant master batch |
| CN102585495A (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2012-07-18 | 聚威工程塑料(上海)有限公司 | Hydrolysis-resistant glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66 (PA66) composite material and preparation method thereof |
-
2013
- 2013-12-28 CN CN201310738608.XA patent/CN103740095A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1649970A (en) * | 2002-05-01 | 2005-08-03 | 西巴特殊化学品控股有限公司 | Pigment preparations |
| CN101456962A (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2009-06-17 | 黄华昌 | High-content red phosphorus flame-retardant master batch |
| CN102585495A (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2012-07-18 | 聚威工程塑料(上海)有限公司 | Hydrolysis-resistant glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66 (PA66) composite material and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105440580A (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2016-03-30 | 中国蓝星（集团）股份有限公司 | Fiber reinforced resin matrix composite weatherability improvement composition and application thereof |
| CN105440580B (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2018-08-31 | 中国蓝星（集团）股份有限公司 | Improve composition and its application of fiber-reinforced resin matrix compound material weatherability |
| CN105696103A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-06-22 | 义乌市瑞宝智能科技有限公司 | Copolymerization flame-retardant ultraviolet resistant nylon 6 fiber for carpet yarn and preparation method thereof |
| CN105696103B (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2017-10-31 | 义乌市瑞宝智能科技有限公司 | Carpet silk fire-retardant fiber of ultraviolet resistant nylon 6 of copoly type and preparation method thereof |
| CN106589914A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-04-26 | 苏州圣鑫莱新材料有限公司 | Nano PA color master batch |
| CN110684215A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-01-14 | 东莞理工学院 | Mixture of condensed ring aromatic pigment and high molecular material, preparation method and downstream product thereof |
| TWI730916B (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-06-11 | 東莞理工學院 | Mixture of fused-ring aromatic pigment and popymer material and preparation method thereof, crude color masterbatch, color masterbatch product and polymer pigment |
| CN111117236A (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2020-05-08 | 东莞市金富亮塑胶科技有限公司 | anti-UV nylon modified color master batch formula |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103694683A (en) | Color master batch for nylon | |
| CN103740095A (en) | Red flame-retardant anti-UV color master batch for nylon | |
| CN103694682A (en) | Color master batch for antimicrobial and anti-UV nylon | |
| DE102007035417A1 (en) | Halogen-free flame retardant | |
| CN104788869A (en) | LED lampshade material and preparation method thereof | |
| EP2964698A1 (en) | Flame-retardant polyamide composition | |
| CN103242620B (en) | Novel high-strength plastic for household electrical appliance and preparation method of novel high-strength plastic | |
| DE102017212097A1 (en) | Flame retardant gray polyamide compositions and their use | |
| CN103694691A (en) | Color master batch for grey anti-UV (ultraviolet) nylon | |
| CN108250537B (en) | Environment-friendly anti-UV flame-retardant polyethylene material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106928596A (en) | A kind of anti-oxidant ground cushion of uvioresistant and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103694685A (en) | White anti-UV (ultraviolet) nylon color masterbatch | |
| CN102250427A (en) | High-strength high-flexibility flame-retardant cable sheath rubber and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103740094A (en) | Antistatic moistureproof anti-UV (ultraviolet) color master batch for nylon | |
| CN103756294A (en) | Anti-UV color master batch formula for nylon | |
| CN103694681A (en) | Green UV (Ultraviolet)-resisting color master batch for nylon | |
| CN103756295A (en) | Color master batch | |
| CN103709735A (en) | Wear-resistant anti-UV color master batch for nylon | |
| CN103073809A (en) | High-impact high-weather-resistance environmental-friendly brominated flame-retardant ASA material and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN103694688A (en) | Color master batch for yellow anti-UV (ultraviolet) nylon | |
| CN103724990B (en) | A kind of flame-retardant anti-UV color master batch for nylon | |
| CN103694686A (en) | Color master batch for blue anti-UV (ultraviolet) nylon | |
| CN103694684A (en) | Color master batch for anti-UV (ultraviolet) nylon | |
| CN104130569B (en) | A kind of daiamid composition improving light-heat aging performance | |
| CN103724991A (en) | Brown masterbatch used for UV (Ultraviolet) resistant nylon |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20140423 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |