CN103734060B - Method for improving overwintering survival rate and qualities of oreochromis niloticus fries - Google Patents
Method for improving overwintering survival rate and qualities of oreochromis niloticus fries Download PDFInfo
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- CN103734060B CN103734060B CN201410009043.6A CN201410009043A CN103734060B CN 103734060 B CN103734060 B CN 103734060B CN 201410009043 A CN201410009043 A CN 201410009043A CN 103734060 B CN103734060 B CN 103734060B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving overwintering survival rate and qualities of oreochromis niloticus fries. Before overwintering, feeds with 12% to 14% fat level are fed to the fries, and soybean oil and fish oil are blent in a proportion of 4:1 to form fat sources. Fatty acids--linoleic acids and linolenic acids which are necessary to growth of oreochromis niloticus are mainly increased so as to improve energy reserve. Low-temperature stress resistance of the oreochromis niloticus can be improved by low temperature acclimatization and the low temperature adaptability is improved. During overwintering, feeds with 1.5% to 2% compound Chinese herbal medicine are fed to the fries, so that damages of the low-temperature stress to fish bodies can be effectively relieved, the non-specificity immunity of the fish bodies is improved, and the overwintering survival rate and fry qualities are improved. Meanwhile, according to the above three steps, material selection and facility configuration are easy, the price is relatively low, processes are simple, traditional problems that overwintering costs are high, the survival rate of the fries is low, and qualities of the fries are poor are excellently solved, and environment-friendly and physically beneficial breeding requirements can be met.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the rearing of fingerling of aquaculture, be specifically related to a set of breeding method that can improve gift tilapia seed overwintering survival rate and quality.
Background technology
In the freshwater aquiculture product in Guangdong, the cultured output of Tilapia mossambica accounts for about 40%, far away higher than breed varieties such as four large Chinese carps, snakehead, crucians.The breed variety of Tilapia mossambica is again based on gift tilapia and Ao Ni Hybrid tilapia, and wherein gift tilapia account for 2/3 product.Gift tilapia has that growth is fast, resistance is comparatively strong and advantage, the dark welcome by numerous raisers such as dressing percentage is high.
Guangdong belongs to subtropical climate, is often close on 9 months temperature (March is to November) more than 18 DEG C, very suitable Tilapia mossambica cultivation.But Tilapia mossambica the bread worm needs more than 22 DEG C, this just means to have 3 months every year at least (December is to the February of Second Year) Tilapia mossambica normally cannot produce seedling.At present, Tilapia mossambica seed overwintering survival rate is lower, second-rate, mainly contains the reason such as weather and nutrition.In annual March, the gift tilapia seed that Guangdong is put in a suitable place to breed is mainly from Hainan Province (the gift tilapia parent population in Hainan can produce seedling February), and cost of transportation is higher, and quality ginseng is secondary uneven, has a strong impact on the economic benefit of raiser.
Summary of the invention
Low in order to solve Guangdong gift tilapia seed overwintering survival rate, second-rate problem.The invention provides a set of method that can improve gift tilapia seed overwintering survival rate and quality, seed overwintering survival rate can greatly be improved.Meanwhile, the seed cultivation quality of cultivation is better, and cultivation survival rate is high, effectively can alleviate adult fish and concentrate the price competition problem of going on the market and bringing, increase the economic benefit of raiser.
The present invention for achieving the above object, adopts following technical scheme:
Improve a method for gift tilapia seed overwintering survival rate and quality, main design idea and routine analyzer comprise the following steps:
One is fortification, and before seed survives the winter, the feed of 12% ~ 14% fat level of first throwing something and feeding 1 month, feed fat source is primarily of soybean oil and fish oil mixing composition, and ratio is 4:1, and feedstuff feeding amount is 9% ~ 12% of body weight, throws something and feeds every day 3 times.
Two is cold acclimatizations, above-mentioned feedstuff feeding is after 15 days, carry out gift tilapia domestication by low temperature, the method taking the cistern of different temperatures to lower the temperature step by step, arranges the cistern of 3 Different hypothermias, on the rocksly temperature is controlled respectively at 16 DEG C, 13 DEG C and 10 DEG C, tame 5 days under each thermograde, eliminate the seed that wherein injured and vigor is poor, normally throw something and feed between domestication.
Three has been after one and two steps, being moved to by seed survives the winter in canopy, compound Chinese herb evodia rutaecarpa, rhizoma zingiberis, monkshood, Poria cocos, the bighead atractylodes rhizome, allicin and semen armeniacae amarae are dried, pulverize after be mixed and made into additive in proportion, be added in basic ration according to 1.5% ~ 2% level and (comprise protein 32 % ~ 35%, fat 6% ~ 9%).Based on 100g compound Chinese herb, wherein comprise evodia rutaecarpa 15g, rhizoma zingiberis 20g, monkshood 10g, Poria cocos 20g, the bighead atractylodes rhizome 15, allicin 15g and semen armeniacae amarae 5g.Survive the winter canopy mean temperature of air higher than 13 DEG C time, throw something and feed every day 2 times.When average temperature is lower than 13 DEG C, if weather conditions are bad, as cloudy day, rainy day, then do not throw something and feed; If fine or cloudy, then throw something and feed when 2:00 water temperature is relatively high in the afternoon 1 time.
Before surviving the winter, the feed of 12% ~ 14% fat level of throwing something and feeding, feed fat source is made up of according to 4:1 proportioning soybean oil and fish oil.Mainly increase Growth Op Tilapia essential fatty acid-linoleic acid plus linolenic acid, improve energy reserve.The low-temperature resistance stress ability of gift tilapia can be increased by domestication by low temperature, increase low-temperature adaptation power.Overwintering period is thrown something and fed containing the feed of 1.5% ~ 2% compound Chinese herb, effectively can alleviate the damage that low temperature stress causes fish body, improves the non-specific immunity of fish body, increases overwintering survival rate and fry quality.Meanwhile, no matter above three steps are that Material selec-tion or facility configuration aspect are comparatively easy, and relative low price, technique is simple, and cost of surviving the winter before solving well is high, the problem that weed survival rate is low and second-rate, meets green health cultivation requirement.
Embodiment
A kind of method improving gift tilapia seed overwintering survival rate, before seed survives the winter, general in mid-November, the feed first preparing 12% ~ 14% fat level is thrown something and fed, feed fat source is primarily of soybean oil and fish oil composition, and proportioning is 4:1, and dietary protein level is 32% ~ 35%, the cycle of throwing something and feeding is 1 month, and throw something and feed every day 3 (morning 7:30; Noon 11:30 and afternoon 15:30), day feeding volume be 9% ~ 12% of body weight.Above-mentioned feedstuff feeding, after 15 days, starts the domestication carrying out Different hypothermia gradient.Utilize the method for adding ice cube, arrange the cistern of 3 Different hypothermias, temperature controls at 16 DEG C respectively, 13 DEG C and 10 DEG C, tames 5 days under each thermograde, eliminates the seed that wherein injured and vigor is poor, normally throws something and feeds between domestication.After completing above step, in mid-December gift tilapia seed moved to and survive the winter in canopy.Compound Chinese herb evodia rutaecarpa, rhizoma zingiberis, monkshood, Poria cocos, the bighead atractylodes rhizome, allicin and semen armeniacae amarae are dried, pulverize after carry out component according to a certain percentage.Evodia rutaecarpa 15g, rhizoma zingiberis 20g, monkshood 10g, Poria cocos 20g, the bighead atractylodes rhizome 15, allicin 15g and semen armeniacae amarae 5g is comprised respectively in 100g compound Chinese herb.Be added into after compound Chinese herb is mixed in basic ration and (comprise protein 32 % ~ 35%, fat 6% ~ 9%), add 15g ~ 20g in the basic ration of 1kg, make the feed of 1.5% ~ 2% compound Chinese herb level.Survive the winter canopy mean temperature of air higher than 13 DEG C time, throw something and feed every day 2 times.When average temperature is lower than 13 DEG C, if weather conditions are bad, as cloudy day, rainy day, then do not throw something and feed; If fine or cloudy, then throw something and feed when 2:00 water temperature is relatively high in the afternoon 1 time.
After said method process, four Tilapia mossambica breeding-grounds: Maonan District, Period In Maoming city, Dianbai city, Gaozhou City and Leizhou City, Zhanjiang, seed overwintering survival rate reaches more than 96%.Compared with before untreated, survival rate improves more than 18%.The seed that survives the winter is put into pond and cultivate March, and after 3 months, body weight reaches more than 500g, meets listing specification.Adult fish survival rate is up to about 98%, and the adult fish of listing can effectively avoid going on the market, and peak period brings squeezes, and adds the economic benefit of raiser.
Claims (2)
1. improve a method for gift tilapia seed overwintering survival rate and quality, comprise the steps:
(1) fortification:
Before seed survives the winter, the feed of 12% ~ 14% fat level of first throwing something and feeding 1 month;
(2) domestication by low temperature:
Above-mentioned feedstuff feeding is after 15 days, carry out gift tilapia domestication by low temperature, take the method that the cistern of different temperatures is lowered the temperature step by step, the cistern of 3 Different hypothermias is set, temperature is controlled respectively at 16 DEG C, 13 DEG C and 10 DEG C, tame 5 days under each thermograde, eliminate the seed that wherein injured and vigor is poor, between domestication, adopt above-mentioned feed normally to throw something and feed;
(3) immunity is improved:
After completing steps (1) and step (2), seed is moved to and survives the winter in canopy, compound Chinese herb is dried, pulverize after make additive, be added in basic ration according to 1.5% ~ 2% level, described basic ration comprises protein 32 % ~ 35%, fat 6% ~ 9%; Described additive, in total amount 100g, wherein comprises evodia rutaecarpa 15g, rhizoma zingiberis 20g, monkshood 10g, Poria cocos 20g, bighead atractylodes rhizome 15g, allicin 15g and semen armeniacae amarae 5g; Survive the winter canopy mean temperature of air higher than 13 DEG C time, throw something and feed every day 2 times; When mean temperature of air is lower than 13 DEG C, if chance is cloudy, rainy weather situation is bad, then do not throw something and feed; If fine or cloudy, then throw something and feed when 2:00 temperature is relatively high in the afternoon 1 time.
2. the method for raising gift tilapia seed overwintering survival rate according to claim 1 and quality, it is characterized in that: in the feed in described step (1), feed fat source is made up of soybean oil and fish oil mixing, ratio is 4:1, feedstuff feeding amount is 9% ~ 12% of fry body weight, throws something and feeds every day 3 times.
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| CN103734060B true CN103734060B (en) | 2015-06-10 |
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| CN104255626B (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-06-08 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | A kind of raising is survived the winter period cage-farming immunity and the method for disease resistance |
| CN105166480A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-23 | 通威股份有限公司 | Compound feed for red tilapia during wintering period |
| CN105248321A (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2016-01-20 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | Tilapia cold-resistant performance determination method |
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| CN106172144B (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2019-04-16 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | A method of promoting gift tilapia seed uniform growth and immunologic facilitation |
| CN106387509A (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2017-02-15 | 广州市联鲲生物科技有限公司 | Fish feed additive |
| CN110447790A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2019-11-15 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | A kind of feed fat combination |
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| CN114176177A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-15 | 天津市金水族水产养殖有限公司 | Compound feed for improving overwintering survival rate of fancy carps and using method thereof |
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| SU1688812A1 (en) * | 1989-06-14 | 1991-11-07 | Азовский научно-исследовательский институт рыбного хозяйства | Method of keeping aquatic cultures in basins in winter |
| RU2054249C1 (en) * | 1993-05-27 | 1996-02-20 | Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт прудового рыбного хозяйства | Method for wintering of open-bladder fish |
| CN101720706B (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-11-23 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Safe overwintering method for macrobrachium nipponense parents |
| CN101912058A (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2010-12-15 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Special feed for living through winter for tilapia |
| CN101984848B (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-08-22 | 百洋水产集团股份有限公司 | Tilapia mossambica overwintering feed |
| CN102613435B (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2013-05-22 | 山东新希望六和集团有限公司 | Compound feed for grass carp wintering and preparation method thereof |
| CN102648739B (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2013-04-10 | 福建海大饲料有限公司 | Litopenaeus vannamei compound feed special for winter shed cultivation and preparation method for feed |
| CN103005213A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-04-03 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Overwintering feed for carassius auratus gibelio and preparation method thereof |
| CN103120269B (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-17 | 盐城工学院 | Pike overwintering feed and production method thereof |
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